– DISTRICT PROFILE

Population 156,7191 Male 76,5781 Female 80,1411 Ethnic diversity Mende and Sherbro3 Geographical area 3,468 sq. km (1,339 sq. miles)3 Language Mende, Sherbro and Krio3 District level poverty rate 51.4%4 Gini coefficient district 0.30%4 Net primary enrollment by district 70%4 Total fertility rate (TFR) 4.25 Under 5 mortality rate 84 deaths per 1000 live births6 Life expectancy at birth 49 years6 Percentage all basic vaccination 77.2%5 Prevalence of food insecurity 22.7%8 Prevalence of chronic malnutrition 38.4%8 Agriculture as main livelihood 74%4 Livelihoods Agriculture and fishing3

Context: is in the Southern Province, and borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west, district to the northwest, to the southeast and to the south. The district comprises of several islands and with mainland being next to the Atlantic Ocean. The capital is town. The largest city Bonthe is on . The district is divided into eleven chiefdoms Bendu-Cha, Bum, Dema, Imperri, Jong, Kpanda Kemo, Kwamebai Krim, Nongoba Bullom, Sittia, Sogbeni, Yawbeko. Bonthe district is the least populous in Sierra Leone where the inhabitants mainly belong to the Mende ethnic group and the Sherbro people (native residents of the district). During the rainy season (May-November) an average 168 days have rain with annual rainfall of 366cm12.

Produced by OCHA Sierra Leone https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/sierra-leone Contact: [email protected] Last updated 4 December 2015

SIERRA LEONE – BONTHE DISTRICT PROFILE

1 1 Population distribution: The 2014 projected population shows (see graph 2014 Projected district population by age group & sex aside) that 20% are among children under the age of 5 years, 25% are between Under 5 5 to 14 15-64 65+ Total the age group 5-14 years and 49% are among the active workforce (15-64 Male 16039 21050 35646 3843 76578 Years). Bonthe was among the initial districts of the Southern Province to begin Female 15318 17749 40773 6301 80141 3 resettlement of war affected internally displaced persons (IDPs) in an effort to Total 31357 38799 76419 10144 156719 consolidate peace in the area. The World Bank survey 2013, indicated that almost 79% of residents resides in rural areas of the district and the average family size1 is 5.5.

Livelihood and Economy: Fishing and farming are the two main livelihood activities of the large majority of the district population. Palm oil plantations have been on the rise and more people are engaged in this livelihood in recent years. Bonthe district has one of the world’s largest deposits of titanium ore (rutile) in the world. Sierra Rutile Limited, owned by a consortium of foreign investors, began commercial mining operations in early 1980’s. The district suffered the mass exodus3 of IDPs when Sierra Rutile, the largest employer of mine workers terminated its operations during the civil war in the 2000’s. The Wealth Index7 (WI) indicates that 36% of district households are in the poorest quintile and 20% are among the medium poor. The overall poverty level is 50% with the Gini coefficient 0.3**(scale between 0 and 1).

Education: The census conducted by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology 9

(MEST)9 for the 2012-2013 school year indicated that there are a total of 283 schools of Education level, age & sex

which 23 are pre-primary, 219 primary, 28 junior secondary and 7 senior secondary 1021 Sr. Sec (15-17 yrs) 1602 schools. Also, the district has 4 Technical Vocational Institutes and 2 Home Economics Centers. Throughout the district 11 more schools were established as recorded during the Jr Sec (12-14 yrs) 3033 3030 2012-2013 school year. The district has relatively high net primary enrollment (70%)4 compared to other districts. In Bonthe District Council, Bendu-Cha, Dema, Kwamebai, Primary (6-11 yrs) 24716

Level Level ofEducation 22363 Krim, Nongorba Bullom, Sittia are the five chiefdoms with a primary school but no junior secondary school9. 76% of the schools in the district are community, missions or privately 0 10000 20000 30000 Female Male owned, while only 24% of schools are owned by the government9. Only 105 (37%) schools Number of Students mostly primary ones are supported by the NGOs school feeding programme. The number of students in junior school is only 13% of the number at the primary level of education (see above graph) and 57% lower still in the senior level as compared to junior level – this mirrors the general declining trend between different levels of education across the districts in the country.

Produced by OCHA Sierra Leone https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/sierra-leone Contact: [email protected] Last updated 4 December 2015

SIERRA LEONE – BONTHE DISTRICT PROFILE

Food Security: According to the Emergency Food Security Assessment 2015, Bonthe district has one of the lowest food insecurity (1% severe and 19% moderate food insecurity) among all districts in the country. 55% of household expenditure is used to buy food for the family, also one of the lowest compared to other districts. Farmers harvested 14% less rice (174 kg) in 2014 compared to 2013 production. During the harvest and plantation season, substantial household income comes from labor hire and labor exchange, however, this activity (farm labor) was moderately impacted due to the EVD outbreak. The prevalence of chronic malnutrition7 among children age 6-59 months measured by stunting was 38.4%, while malnutrition was 19.2% as measured by being underweight for the same age group. The highest prevalence of acute malnutrition among adult women was found in Bonthe (5.8%)7.

Health: The government general hospital is in the district capital town. The 58 other health facilities12 of the district include 1 Mission operated hospital, 12 Community Health Centers (CHC), 17 Community Health Posts (CHP), 22 Maternal and Child Health Posts (MCHP) and 7 clinics. According to the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS) there is one health facility for over an average of 2,800 people and almost 3,000 people per bed. Malaria is endemic and a major public health problem in the country, as the entire population is at risk of developing the disease (Malaria policy, 2010). It is also the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under age 5 and pregnant women5. The Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey 2013 indicated that 77% of Bonthe households have mosquito nets. Over 77% of children aged between 12-23 months have been vaccinated against BCG, DPT, Polio and Measles. The district overall HIV prevalence rate5 is 0.9%, while the prevalence rate5 among the women (1.3%) is higher compared to men (0.5%).

Water and Sanitation: (WASH): Wells, hand pumps, public water supplies (piped) and streams (untreated sources) are the major sources13 of water for drinking and household use. The Ministry of Energy and Water Resources (MoEWR) comprehensive mapping of water points report 2012 shows there are some 3, 656 functional water points of different sources, the majority (2,412) of which are wells without a pump. During the time of the mapping exercise in 2012, nearly 800 (22%) water points were found non-functioning, 275 of these sources needed repair. The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) census for the 2012-13 school year indicated that 344 (47%) of schools have safe drinking water sources (piped supplies and boreholes) inside the school compound while other schools are using wells, streams and untreated sources. 69% (499) of schools have access to toilet facilities within the school premises.

Ebola Emergency: Since the outbreak of Ebola in Sierra Leone in May 2014, there were only 5 reported Ebola positive cases and all 5 EVD patients died. The last confirmed case14 of EVD was reported on 19 December 2014, since then the district remained Ebola transmission free. During the outbreak, Restless Development, IFRC, Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), WHO, UNICEF, UNMEER, Ministry of Social Welfare, Gender and Children Affairs (MoSWGCA) and World Vision International were actively engaged in the response activities. On 7 November 2015 Sierra Leone declared the end of EVD transmission and the district had reached 321 days without any reported EVD positive case. Bonthe is the only district with no registered Ebola survivors and it was the second district to be declared free of EVD transmission after Pujehun district. Both farming and fishing, the principal livelihood of the district residents have been negatively impacted during the outbreak when nationwide closure and movement restrictions were imposed.

Produced by OCHA Sierra Leone https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/sierra-leone Contact: [email protected] Last updated 4 December 2015

SIERRA LEONE – BONTHE DISTRICT PROFILE

Operational Organization at the District level:

Sector Organizations Cash Grant WFP Education DMC, FTC, MEST, Street Child, World Vision International Food Security FAO, WFP, Finn Church Aid, World Vision International Health WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, MoHS, World Vision International WASH SOLIDARITES, Health Education Department, ISLAG/CHRISTAG/MoHS/SMAC

REFERENCES:

1 Projected population figures for 2014 from the Republic of Sierra Leone Population and Housing Census 2004, Statistics Sierra Leone, Published in November 2006. 2 SLIS Map Code 02 16 Nov 2006. 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Loko_District, 4 A poverty profile for Sierra Leona, the World Bank and Statistics Sierra Leone, June 2013 (Calculations based on Sierra Leone Integrated Household Survey 2011). 5 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (SLDHS) 2013, published in July 2014. The survey was carried out by Statistics Sierra Leone and the Ministry of Health and Sanitation and supported by WHO, UNDP, WFP, UNFPA, FAO, UNICEF,UK Aid, ICF International, KfW Development Bank and the World Bank 6 http://sierraleone.opendataforafrica.org 7 The state of Food Security and Nutrition in Sierra Leone 2011. The study was undertaken by the WFP in partnership with relevant ministries of the GoSL. 8 Emergency Food Security Assessment Sierra Leone 2015, Data collected in March April and report published in June 2015. The assessment was a joint effort by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security and WFP, FAO, ACF, World Vision, ACDI/VOCA, Save the Children and CARE. 9 Ministry of Education Science and Technology (MEST) conducted school census for the year 2012-2013 10 The Coping Strategy Index (CSI) is a WFP indicator that measures the frequency and severity of the coping strategies households employ when faced with food shortages. 11 Survey of availability of modern contraceptives and essential life-saving maternal and reproductive health medicines in service delivery points in Sierra Leone, Volume -2, February 2011 12 The Annual Statistical Digest 2007-2013 Edition, 2014, Statistics Sierra Leone (http://www.statistics.sl) 13 The Ministry of Energy and Water Resources (MoEWR) conducted comprehensive mapping exercise of water points report 2012 14 The National Ebola Response Center (NERC), district situation updates 15 May 2015 ** Definition: The Gini coefficient is often used to measure income inequality, a value of 0 expressing total equality and a value of 1 maximal inequality.

Produced by OCHA Sierra Leone https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/sierra-leone Contact: [email protected] Last updated 4 December 2015