Floral Intimate Credits:

© TERRE Policy Centre

Publication: TERRE Policy Centre

Presented By: Dr. Vinita Apte, Founder Director, TERRE Policy Centre

Title of Book: Floral Intimate

Year of Publication: 2020

Place of Publication: Pune

Floral Designed by: Mr. Avinash R. Kulkarni

Scientific name Crossandra infundibuliformis Common Name Firecracker flower, Aboli It is usually grown in containers but can be attractive in beds as well. The flowers have no perfume but stay fresh for several days on the bush. A well-tended specimen will bloom continuously for years. The tiny flowers are often strung together into strands, sometimes along with white jasmine flowers and therefore in great demand for making garlands which are offered to temple deities or used to embellish women's hair.

Scientific Name Bougainvillea Common Name Bouganvel Bougainvillea are popular ornamental plants in most areas with warm climates. It is referred to as "paper flower" because the bracts are thin and papery. Flowers are of bright colours associated with the plant, including pink, magenta, purple, red, orange, white, or yellow.

Scientific Name Saussurea obvallata Common Name Brahm Kamal. Found in the region of the Himalayas, Brahma Kamal is considered a medicinal herb in Tibetian Medicine. It is used to treat urogenital disorders, liver infections, sexually transmitted diseases, bone pains, and cold and cough. It has a bitter taste and the entire plant is used. The plant is endangered because people cut it down for their own use.

Scientific Name Scadoxus multiflorus Common Name Ball Lily, Blood Lily It is a bulbous plant native to most of sub –Saharan Africa from Senegal to Soma lia to South Africa. It is widely cultivated as a ornamental ploant. It is traditionally used in parts of tropical Africa as a component of arrow poisons and fishing poisons. It is also used in traditional medicine in South Africa.

Scientific Name Scadoxus multiflorus Common Name Ball Lily, Blood Lily

It is a bulbous plant native to most of sub –Saharan Africa from Senegal to Somali a to South Africa. It is widely cultivated as a ornamental ploant. It is traditionally used in parts of tropical Africa as a component of arrow poisons and fishing poisons. It is also used in traditional medicine in South Africa.

Scientific Name Mansoa alliacea Common Name Garlic vine It is native to Northern South America and has spread to Central America and Brasil. Among the mestizos of the Amezon rainforests. it is known as ajo sacha, a Spanish-Quechua name that means "forest garlic" or "wild garlic".M. alliacea has been exported overseas, and grows in the favourable climates of Puerto Rico, Southern Africa, Thailand and India. It is cultivated for ornamental purpose.

Scientific Name Gladiolus Common Name Sword lily These flowers are variously coloured, ranging from pink to reddish or light purple with white, contrasting markings, or white to cream or orange to red. Gladioli have been extensively hybridized and a wide range of ornamental flower colours are available from the many varieties. Flowers used for decoration purpose and is cultivated for its commercial value.

Scientific Name Clitoria ternatea Common Name Blue bell vine, Butterfly pea This plant is native to equatorial Asia, Indian sub continent and Southeast Asia, Africa, Australia and America. It is grown as an ornamental plant and as a revegetation species. In Southeast Asia, the flower is used as a natural food colouring to colour glutinous rice. In traditional Ayurvedic medicine , it is ascribed various qualities including memory enhancing, nootropic, antistress, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, tranquilizing, and sedative properties.

Scientific name Rosa rubiginosa Scientific name Common Name Rosa rubiginosa Gulab Common Name

Gulab Roses are best known as Roses are best known as ornamental plants grown for ornamental plants grown for their their flowers in the garden and sometimes indoors. They have flowers in the garden and been also used for commercial sometimes indoors. They have perfumery and commercial cut been also used for commercial flower crops. Rose perfumes are made from rose oil. Rose perfumery and commercial cut water is used for cooking, flower crops. Rose perfumes are cosmetics, medicine and religious practices. Rose made from rose oil. Rose water Hips are occasionally made is used for cooking, cosmetics, into Jam, Jelly, Marmalade, and Soup or are brewed for medicine and religious practices. tea. Rose Hips are occasionally made into Jam, Jelly, Marmalade, and Soup or are brewed for tea. Scientific name Mirabilis jalapa Common Name Marvel of Peru, Four o'clock flower It is the most commonly grown ornamental species and is available in a range of colours. Flowers produce a strong, sweet-smelling fragrance throughout the night. The flowers are used in food coloring. An edible crimson dye is obtained from the flowers to color cakes and jellies. In herbal medicine, parts of the plant may be used as a diuretic, purgative and for wound healing purposes. Leaf juice may be used to treat wounds. The bulbous roots of the flower have a laxative effect. The seed of some varieties is used as a cosmetic and a dye. The juice extracted from the root is used to treat earache, diarrhoea, dysentery, syphilis and liver infections.

Scientific name Jasminum officinale Common Name Summer jasmine, Poet’s jasmine Jasmines are widely cultivated for the characteristic fragrance of their flowers in the garden, as a house plant, and as cut flowers. The flowers are worn by women in their hair in South and South East Asia. As a herbal medicine it is used in dermatology. Floral extract used in aroma therapy.

Scientific Name Hibiscus Common Name Rose mallow, hardy hibiscus, rose of sharon Many species are grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs. A tea made from hibiscus flowers is known by many names around the world and is served both hot and cold. The beverage is known for its red colour, tart flavour, and vitamin C content. Dried hibiscus is edible, and it is often a delicacy in Mexico. It can also be candied and used as a garnish, usually for desserts. Hibiscus is described as having a number of medical uses in Indian Ayurveda. The hibiscus is used as an offering to goddess Kali and Lord Ganesha in Hindu worship.

Scientific name Nerium oleander Common Name Nerium or Oleander it is extensively used as an ornamental plant in parks, along roadsides and in private gardens. Oleander flowers are showy, profuse, and often fragrant, which makes them very attractive. Oleander has formed the subject matter of paintings by famous artists.

Scientific Name Canna indica Common Name Peacock flower, red bird of paradise, Mexican bird of paradise. . Flowers are of variety shades of yellow about orange and red to pink. It is used as a garden plant, ornamental plant. The starch is easily digestible and therefore well suited as a health and baby food. The tubers can be eaten raw or cooked. The starch is also suitable for baking. In South America, the leaves are used to wrap pastries. The seeds are widely used for jewellery. The seeds are also used as the mobile elements of the kayamb a musical instrument from Reuinion, as well as the hosho, a gourd rattle from Zimbabwe. It can be used for the treatment of industrial waste waters through constructed wetlands. It is effective for the removal of high organic load, color and chlorinated organic compounds from paper mill wastewater. Scientific Name Barleria prionitis Common Name Porcupine flower, Koranti

This flowering plant is native to India, Sri Lanka and Eastern Southern and Central Africa. It is used for various medicinal purposes in ayurvedic medicine. The juice of the leaves is applied to feet to prevent maceration and cracking in the mansoon season.

Scientific name Combretum indicum Common Name Rangoon creeper or Chinese honeysuckle The flowers are fragrant and tubular and their colour varies from white to pink to red. The plant is used as an herbal medicine. Decoctions of the root, seed or fruit can be used as anthelmintic to expel parasitic worms or for alleviating diarrhoea. Fruit decoction can also be used for gargling. The fruits are also used to combat nephritis Leaves can be used to relieve pain caused by fever. The roots are used to treat rheumatism. The seeds from the pod are useful for treating Roundworm and Pinworm.

Scientific Name Jasminum sambac Common Name Mogara Mogara is cultivated commercially for domestic and industrial uses, such as the perfume industry. Essential oil is extracted from flowers and buds by using steam distillation process. This essential oil is one of most expensive commodities in aromatherapy and perfume industry. Flowers are also used in rituals like marriages, religious ceremonies and festivals, to make thick garlands as hair adornments. Mogara flowers are also used to make jasmine tea, which often has a base of green tea or white tea.

Scientific Name Orchidaceae Common Name Orchid The Orchidaceae are well known for the many structural variations in their flowers. Some orchids have single flowers, but most have a racemose inflorescence, sometimes with a large number of flowers. he scent of orchids is frequently analysed by perfumers to identify potential fragrance chemicals . Orchid has horticultural importance and widely used for decorative purpose. The dried seed pods of one orchid genus, Vanilla, are commercially important as a flavouring in baking, for perfume manufacture and aromatherapy. The underground tubers of terrestrial orchids are ground to a powder and used for cooking. Scientific Name Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Common Name Night-flowering jasmine or Coral jasmine The flowers can be used as a source of yellow dye for clothing. Extracts of seeds, flowers and leaves possesses immunostimulant, hepatoprotective, antileishmanial , antivir al and antifungal activities invitro. The leaves have been used in Ayurvedic medicine and Homoeopathy for sciatica, arthritis, fevers and as a laxative. The tree is sometimes called the "tree of sorrow", because the flowers lose their brightness during daytime. Parijat appears in several Hindu religious stories and is often related to the Kalpavriksha

Scientific Name Pentas lanceolata Common Name Pentas, Star cluster

Native to Africa and Yemen. Perennial plant whose flowers varies from red, pink, white, lavender, purple. Extremely attractive to butterflies and hummingbirds. Cultivated mainly in the gardens for decorative purpose.

Scientific Name Agave amica Common Name Tuberose The overwhelming fragrance of the tuberose has been distilled for use in perfumery. Now widely grown as an ornamental plant, the species was originally native to Mexico. In India and Bangladesh they are widely used in making flower garlands which are offered to the gods or used as wedding ornaments. The flowers of tuberose are also used for making artistic floral ornaments, bouquets, buttonholes, gajras. Dried tuberose bulbs in powdered form are used as a remedy for gonorrhoea.

Scientific Name Clematis gouriana Common Name Indian Traveller's Joy The creeper is common in the Western Ghats, and the patches of adjoining forest of the Konkan coast and the Deccan plateau. It is recognised as a medicinal herb in traditional medicine and amongst tribal communities. In Ayurveda, the leaves of the plant have been used for treating puerperal fever and bruises. Leaf paste is applied to wounds of cattle, The crushed leaves and stems are also used for treating lice in India.

Scientific Name Cestrum nocturnum Common Name Night-blooming jasmine

It is grown in subtropical regions as an ornamental plant for its flowers that are heavily perfumed at night.

Scientific Name Ixora coccinea Common Name Jungle flame It is a common flowering shrub Native to Southern India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Plants produce large clusters of tiny flowers. In tropical climates they flower year round and are commonly used in Hindu worship, as well as in ayurveda and Indian folk medicine. The fruits, when fully ripe, are used as a dietary source.

Scientific name Catharanthus roseus Common Name Bright eyes, Cape periwinkle

The species has long been cultivated for herbal medicine and as an ornamental plant. It is native and endemic to Madagascar, but grown elsewhere as an ornamental and medicinal plant, a source of the drugs vincristine and vinblasti ne, used to treat cancer. Scientific Name Caesalpinia pulcherrima Common Name Peacock flower, red bird of paradise It is a striking ornamental plant, widely grown in domestic and public gardens in warm climates with mild winters, and has a beautiful inflorescence in yellow, red, and orange. Its small size and the fact that it tolerates pruning well allows it to be planted in groups to form a hedgerow; it can be also used to attract hummingbirds.

Scientific Name Chrysanthemums Common Name Mums Flowers mainly used for ornamental purpose. Yellow or white chrysanthemum flowers are boiled to make a tea in some parts of Asia. The resulting beverage is known simply as chrysanthemum tea. Chrysanthemum leaves are steamed or boiled and used as greens, especially in Chinese cuisine. economically important as a natural source of insecticide, insect repellent. Chrysanthemum plants have been shown to reduce indoor air pollution.

Scientific name Magnolia champaca Common Name Known as ‘Champak’ in English which is derived from Sanskrit word ‘Champaka’. It is also known as Joy Perfume Tree, Yellow jade Orchid Tree and Fragrant Himalayan Champaca. It is known for its fragrant flowers which are primarily used for worship at temples, making garlands. The tree was traditionally used to make fragrant hair and massage oils and its timber used in wood working. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant It has strongly fragrant flowers in varying shades of cream to yellow-orange which bloom during June to September.

Scientific name Tabernaemontana divaricata Common Name Pinwheel flower Plant is grown as a house or glasshouse plant for its attractive flowers and foliage. They are used in ayurvedic medicine and the traditional medicine of South East Asia. The plant has been reported to contain a variety of alkaloids in the bark of the stem and roots.

Scientific Name Tecoma stans Common Name Yellow trumpetbush, yellow bells, yellow elder, ginger-thomas

Yellow trumpetbush is an attractive plant that is cultivated as an ornamental. The flowers attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds.

Scientific Name Tagetes Common Name Marigold Originally from South America, has been used as a source of essential oil for the perfume and industry known as tagette or "marigold oil", and as a flavourant in the food and tobacco industries. It is commonly cultivated in South Africa, India where the species is also a useful pioneer plant in the reclamation of disturbed land. It Blooms naturally occur in golden, orange, yellow, and white colors, often with maroon highlights. In India it is used in all the auspicious occasion and festive season for making garlands, decoration etc.

Scientific name Cocos nucifera Common Name Coconut

Coconut tree is considered as Kalpavriksha in Hindu religion as every part of tree is useful in many ways. Leaves of this tree used for decorative purpose like thatching, huts, shelter, roofs, walls, brooms etc. The leaves of coconut tree are large and very beautiful.

Scientific name Araucaria Araucana Common Name Christmas tree Some of the species of araucaria are relatively common in cultivation because of their distinctive, formal symmetrical growth habit. Several species are economically important for timber production. Nuts of the tree are edible. Tree is commonly cultivated in gardens for decorative purpose. Scientific name Aucuba japonica Common name Japanese laurel

It is widely cultivated as the "gold plant“. This plant is valued for its ability to thrive in the most difficult of garden environments, dry shade. It also copes with pollution and salt-laden coastal winds. It is often seen as an informal hedge, but may also be grown indoors as a houseplant.

Scientific Name Heliotropium Common Name Garden heliotrope

The name "heliotrope" derives from the old idea that the inflorescences of these plants turned their rows of flowers to the sun. Several heliotropes are popular garden plants, most notably garden heliotrope. Flowers used for food coloring, making perfume.

Scientific Name Syngonium podophyllum Common name Philodendron

As a creeper, it needs some support. It can also be grown as a groundcover plant. There are several variegated cultivars, the main differences being in the position and extent of the cream or white markings. Some leaves are almost entirely white, pink or yellow. All parts of the plant are poisonous

Scientific name Cornus Common Name Dogwood

This Plant is mainly used for its ornamental purpose and commonly cultivated in the gardens for decorative purpose. This shrub plant generally be distinguished by their blossoms, berries, and distinctive bark.

Scientific name Brassicaceae Common name Crucifer The mustard plant is a plant species in the genera Brassica and Sinapis in the family Brassicaceae. Mustard seed is used as a spice. Grinding and mixing the seeds with water, vinegar, or other liquids creates the yellow condiment known as prepared mustard. The seeds can also be pressed to make mustard oil, and the edible leaves can be eaten as mustard greens.

Scientific name Ocimum tenuiflorum Common name Tulsi It is an aromatic plant native to the Indian subcontinent. Tulsi leaves are part in the worship and used in rituals. In hindu religion it is very auspicious plant. Tulsi used in traditional medicine purposes, and for its essential oil. It is widely used as a herbal tea, commonly used in Ayurveda.

Editorial Team:

Data Compilation & Edited by: Ms. Rajkumari Suryawanshi

Laser Typesetting by: Mr. Sagar Lakhotiya

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Flower, A finest beauty of the Nature, Flower, a symbol of love, peace, happiness, sorrow and different kind of human emotions... It is the fragrance of a flower which is known to each and every creature of our planet who have the sense of smell.... It is the beauty of the flower, who make humans to make it a part of our lives..

We all know the different kind of flower with their specific beauty and the fragrance which makes us to identify the particular flower. But there are very less number of people who knows the scientific and the medicinal value of each flower. So, not only the beauty and the fragrance of a flower is important but the scientific & medicinal value of that flower is what makes its existence complete in the nature.