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San Jacinto Battleground and State Historical Park: a Historical Synthesis and Archaeological Management Plan
Volume 2002 Article 3 2002 San Jacinto Battleground and State Historical Park: A Historical Synthesis and Archaeological Management Plan I. Waynne Cox Steve A. Tomka Raba Kistner, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Cox, I. Waynne and Tomka, Steve A. (2002) "San Jacinto Battleground and State Historical Park: A Historical Synthesis and Archaeological Management Plan," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2002, Article 3. https://doi.org/10.21112/ita.2002.1.3 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2002/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. San Jacinto Battleground and State Historical Park: A Historical Synthesis and Archaeological Management Plan Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2002/iss1/3 San Jacinto Battleground State Historical Park A Historical Synthesis and Archaeological Management Plan by I. -
Chapter V: a History of Jefferson County, Texas Mexico and the Anglo-American Pioneers
Chapter V: A History of Jefferson County, Texas Mexico and the Anglo-American Pioneers By W. T. Block Following the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, Spain quickly renewed its interest in East Texas and dispatched troops to reoccupy four key points, one of which was El Atascosita on the lower Trinity River.1 From this beginning, the “distrito de Atascosita,” of which Jefferson County was a part,2 gradually evolved with the following boundaries: The Atascosita District bounded…on the West by the Colony of San Felipe de Austin, on the North by the District of Nacogdoches, on the East by the reserved lands on the Sabine, on the South by the Gulf of Mexico, including all Islands and Bays within three leagues of Sea Shore.3 By 1805, Spain faced a multitude of prospective immigrants to East Texas. These included Spanish, French, Indians, and Anglo-Americans of Louisiana, who sought to escape the sovereignty of the United States. Many Anglo-Americans were adventurers or fleeing from justice. Some Louisiana tribes feared the American Indian policy and expected better treatment at the hands of the Spanish. Spanish officials developed a plan whereby the applicants of European derivation were to be resettled in the interior of Texas,4 while a buffer zone of reserved lands along the coast and between the Trinity and Sabine Rivers was to be populated by Indian refugees considered to be hostile to the United States.5 After Spain’s eviction from Texas, the principle of a reserved buffer zone was continued by Mexico. The problems experienced by Spain’s successor in the Atascosita District are depicted in the following quote: While the French activities were temporary, the Anglo-Americans were not. -
Shades of Gray: the Life and Times of a Free Family of Color on the Texas Frontier
Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality Volume 29 Issue 1 Article 3 June 2011 Shades of Gray: The Life and Times of a Free Family of Color on the Texas Frontier Jason A. Gillmer Follow this and additional works at: https://lawandinequality.org/ Recommended Citation Jason A. Gillmer, Shades of Gray: The Life and Times of a Free Family of Color on the Texas Frontier, 29(1) LAW & INEQ. 33 (2011). Available at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/lawineq/vol29/iss1/3 Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality is published by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. 33 Shades of Gray: The Life and Times of a Free Family of Color on the Texas Frontier Jason A. Gillmert This Article unpacks the rich and textured story of the Ashworths, an obscure yet prosperous free family of color in the antebellum South who owned land, raised cattle, and bought and sold slaves. It is undoubtedly an unusual story; indeed in the history of the times there are surely more prominent names and more famous events. Yet their story reveals a tantalizing world in which, despite legal rules and conventional thinking, life was not so black and white. Drawing on local records rather than canonical cases, and listening to the voices from the community rather than the legislature,this Article emphasizes the importance of looking to the margins of society to demonstrate how racial relations and ideological notions in the antebellum South were far more intricate than previously imagined. The Ashworths never took a stand against slavery; to the contrary, they amassed a fortune on its back. -
05-Chap 5 SJ.P65
San Jacinto Battleground State Historical Park A Historical Synthesis and Archaeological Management Plan by I. Waynne Cox and Steve A. Tomka with contributions by Jennifer L. Logan and José E. Zapata Center for Archaeological Research The University of Texas at San Antonio Archaeological Survey Report, No. 318 2002 San Jacinto Battleground State Historical Park: A Historical Synthesis and Archaeological Management Plan by I. Waynne Cox and Steve A. Tomka with contributions by Jennifer L. Logan and José E. Zapata Steve A. Tomka Principal Investigator published by Center for Archaeological Research The University of Texas at San Antonio Archaeological Survey Report, No. 318 ©copyright 2002 Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio Abstract The San Jacinto Battleground State Historical Park is located in Harris County, about 20 miles (32 kilometers) east of downtown Houston. The park is situated adjacent the San Jacinto River and about five miles (eight kilometers) northwest of where the river empties into Galveston Bay. The park is comprised of a little over 1,100 acres (445 hectares) that have been accumulated over the years, beginning in 1883. Management of the park has been in the hands of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department since 1965. The adoption of a new master plan and anticipated park development underscored the need to better understand the parks history and cultural resources. In early-2001, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department contracted The University of Texas at San Antonio, Center for Archaeological Research, to undertake a review and synthesis of the sites history. -
Cadencecardinal VOL
CadenceCARDINAL VOL. 35 NO. 1 | JANUARY 2007 Design by Mike Rhodes From the President Cover illustration by Bill Anderson CadenceCARDINAL DEPARTMENTS As we welcome students for the spring semester, we look forward 4 On campus 36 Athletics The Staff to many exciting changes on our campus. Foremost is the opening Ancient crocs . Advanced research . Conference win precedes NCAA appearance Measuring gravity . Hotel Rwanda of the magnificent Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center. Cardinal Cadence is published by the Division of University Arts & Culture Advancement, Lamar University, a member of The Texas 38 This state-of-the-art facility is destined to become a centerpiece of 10 Dreambuilders A Cappella choir . KVLU . Jazz Band . State University System and an affirmative action, equal Surviving Rita . Literary Lamar . ArtsNotesBaseball student life on campus, much as the venerable McDonald opportunity educational institution. Class notes Gymnasium — now a part of the greatly expanded facility — played 25 A report on giving Brian Sattler, Executive Editor, Director of Public Relations Homecoming . Regional clubs . Reunions 41 in Lamar’s past. Annual giving . Good news from Washington Cynthia Hicks ’89, ’93, Editor, Publication Specialist This February, we celebrate as the Mary and John Gray Library marks 50 years as a federal Larry Acker, Assistant Director, Writer depository library, an important designation indicative of the breadth and depth of information Chris Castillo, Marketing Specialist, Writer FEATURES available there. Louise Wood, Media Specialist, Writer You are encouraged to join us in celebrating the relationship between Lamar University and Contributors: 12 New ways to teach the communities of Southeast Texas in “Red, White & You” events throughout the week of Feb. -
Battle of San Jacinto 1 Battle of San Jacinto
Battle of San Jacinto 1 Battle of San Jacinto The Battle of San Jacinto, fought on April 21, 1836, in present-day Harris County, Texas, was the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. Led by General Sam Houston, the Texian Army engaged and defeated General Antonio López de Santa Anna's Mexican forces in a fight that lasted just eighteen minutes. About 630 of the Mexican soldiers were killed and 730 captured, while only nine Texans died.[1] Santa Anna, the President of Mexico, was captured the following day and held as a prisoner of war. Three weeks later, he signed the peace treaty that dictated that the Mexican army leave the region, paving the way for the Republic of Texas to become an independent country. These treaties did not specifically recognize Texas as a sovereign nation, but stipulated that Santa Anna was to lobby for such recognition in Mexico City. Sam Houston became a national celebrity, and the Texans' rallying cries, "Remember the Alamo!" and "Remember Goliad!" became etched into American history and legend. Background During the early years of Mexican independence, numerous American immigrants had settled in Mexican Texas, then a part of the state of Coahuila y Tejas, with the Mexican government's encouragement. In 1835 they rebelled against the Mexican government of Santa Anna because he rescinded the democratic Constitution of 1824, dissolved Mexico's Congress and state legislatures, and asserted dictatorial control over the nation. After capturing a few small outposts and defeating the Mexican army garrisons in the area, the Texans formed a provisional government and drafted a Declaration of Independence. -
A History of Jefferson County, Texas
A History of Jefferson County, Texas TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Southeast Texas before the Texas Revolution Early Settlers Jefferson County in the Texas Republic Early Travel Steamboats II. 19th Century Jefferson County before the Civil War Republic of Texas Land Grants Cattle List of Jefferson County Towns and Communities III. Jefferson County during the Civil War Presidential Election of 1860 Secession from the Union Jefferson County Volunteers Sabine Pass Guards Jefferson County Mounted Rangers Ben McCullough Coast Guards Muster Rolls of 21st Regiment Actions in Jefferson County Forts Blockade Activities First Battle of Sabine Pass Small Boat Actions Capture of the Union Schooner Morning Light Incident at the Sabine Pass Lighthouse Second Battle of Sabine Pass Confederate Veterans’ Pension Applicants IV. 19th Century Jefferson County after the Civil War Lumber Rice Cultivation and Milling V. 20th Century Jefferson County Including Petrochemical and Shipbuilding – (under construction) Jefferson County history is centered on several pivotal events that figured prominently in its growth. Chief among these are the Texas Revolution, the Civil War, and the Spindletop oil boom(s) along with the subsequent growth of the petrochemical industry. Southeast Texas before the Texas Revolution The area of the Texas Gulf Coast that would become Jefferson County was originally inhabited by several Native American tribes. Atakapas were found east of the lower Neches River, and two subgroups of the Atakapas (the Dedoses and the Akokisas) lived west of the lower Neches. These peoples had lived as hunter-gatherers in the area for several thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans. Fur trading within this area was a significant activity for the Native Americans. -
SH 225 Corridor Feasibility Study
SH 225 Major Corridor Feasibility Study Final Report Prepared for: Texas Department of Transportation Houston District Prepared by: Carter & Burgess, Inc In association with: H&H Resources Knudson & Associates Lei Yu The Lentz Group Quadrant Consultants Texas Southern University Draft Final Report November 2005 Carter & Burgess, Inc. 55 Waugh Drive, Suite 800 Houston, Texas 77007 713.869.7900 phone 713.869.5502 fax www.c-b.com Table of Contents Page Executive Summary E-1 E.1 Introduction and Overview E-1 E.2 Purpose and Need E-2 E.3 Public Involvement E-2 E.4 Transportation Goals and Objectives E-3 E.5 Alternatives Considered E-4 E.6 Evaluation of Viable Alternatives E-5 E.7 Recommended Alternative(s) E-8 1.0 Purpose and Need 1-1 1.1 Study Area Setting and Context 1-1 1.1.1 Study Area Description 1-1 1.1.2 Regional Context 1-1 1.1.3 Corridor Context 1-3 1.2 Growth Development, and Mobility Issues 1-3 1.2.1 Overview of the Corridor and Land Use 1-3 1.2.2 Growth in the SH 225 Corridor 1-6 1.3 Transportation Facilities and Services in the SH 225 Corridor 1-6 1.3.1 Existing Roadway Facilities and Level of Service 1-6 1.3.2 Existing Public Transportation 1-16 1.4 Specific Transportation Needs in the SH 225 Corridor 1-18 1.5 Consistency with Local, State, and Federal Planning Process 1-18 2.0 Public Involvement 2-1 2.1 First Public Meetings – December 4, 2003 2-1 2.2 Second Public Meeting – April 29, 2004 2-3 2.3 Third Public Meeting – May 25, 2005 2-5 3.0 Evaluation of Existing Conditions 3-1 3.1 Socioeconomics 3-1 3.2 Utilities, Railroads, -
The Genesis of Texas Exceptionalism
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Dissertations Department of History Spring 5-7-2011 Most Desperate People: The Genesis of Texas Exceptionalism Michael G. Kelley Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_diss Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Kelley, Michael G., "Most Desperate People: The Genesis of Texas Exceptionalism." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2011. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_diss/24 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MOST DESPERATE PEOPLE THE GENESIS OF TEXAS EXCEPTIONALISM by MICHAEL G. KELLEY Under the direction of Wendy H. Venet ABSTRACT Six different nations have claimed sovereignty over some or all of the current state of Texas. In the early nineteenth century, Spain ruled Texas. Then Mexico rebelled against Spain, and from 1821 to 1836 Texas was a Mexican province. In 1836, Texas Anglo settlers rebelled against Mexican rule and established a separate republic. The early Anglo settlers brought their form of civilization to a region that the Spanish had not been able to subdue for three centuries. They defeated a professional army and eventually overwhelmed Native American tribes who wished to maintain their way of life without inference from intruding Anglo settlers. This history fostered a people who consider themselves capable of doing anything—an exceptional population imbued with a fierce sense of nationalistic and local rooted in the mythic memoirs of the first Anglo settlers. -
Ellis Benson
Ellis Benson headstones and historical marker in Washington Cemetery, 2911 Washington Ave., Houston, Texas 77077 An Application for an Official Texas Historical Marker for Ellis Benson, Texas Revolutionary War Veteran (1813 – 1896) Written by Lloyd Shenberger and presented to the Harris County Historical Commission CONTEXT Anglo settlement of the remote region of Mexico that would one day become Texas began in 1821 when Moses Austin was granted permission to establish a colony and bring settlers from the United States. His son Stephen F. Austin successfully carried out his father’s plan, other settlers quickly followed, and Texas began looking more like a colony of the United States than a part of Mexico. When Santa Anna became President of Mexico, he was determined to reestablish military control over Texas. Most Texian settlers opposed Santa Anna’s plan and wanted more control as a separate state in Mexico. When the Mexican Army crossed the Rio Grande with the intention of establishing military posts that had been previously abandoned, hostilities soon erupted. Unrest between Mexico and the Texians began when Mexico outlawed immigration from the United States in 1830. The first hostility occurred in Gonzales in October of 1835. Independence was won at San Jacinto on 21 April 1836. Ellis Benson, one of the Americans who responded to calls to come to Texas, arrived in early 1836, just in time for the Revolution. Ellis Benson’s name appears on the bronze plaque inside the San Jacinto monument; however, he was overlooked during the 1936 Centennial project to honor Texian veterans with official state monuments at their gravesites.