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Fish Culture and Stocking in Colorado, 1872-1978

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Fish Culture and Stocking in Colorado, 1872-1978 i= 1776,F717 WM/17V WIC Ale,507.% , , 4 )1 a v ,ra'f 0. r";FDki \, oCgre este.", o Dover wALD ioYo cr.""4 °Nunn Wea.91, I Pierce° Poro . L o o f ;Ma `irii'dsor 7/41,:z.,,, "ibio feees .744)A el 04,4 loY 0 it rit , R/0 6rOnel Lo BLANCO I 000oreerelle itb6e .Pea,noni ce`Y er doe oe, 677,4 j , eel*, e !kh -13 erne, EA r oiron I ' 23 re .67- 42.1.,4 ,rf/d oNeedee..oe -*L JOLPIA, WFIrERSON o aerby r -.\c,-,zr,„;,-czh•,-, Mee, e; RO'70e1 DEN 2 - reien l oeoft 0.• o ni q, ■ (telwo caiiw ( (7 , c1 V , ARF7;11061 Leee)ere --, Oren, Yed/v0 op„,, • //top ),!. eeehe , 4 . ' c4snr ALM L /WW1 ''' 1#4k1 ooni© ,, ,/ -7 ... 0r c, Nelber9er 01.14)cL. .. ""...... Pl. .C./ ‘s r o , , E ... 0.sman ‘...0bree,/, • 5' J nu/Creek 1. 1 Yorlyoft -- —5 - .ksd f.!,.. 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A LAMOSA rpseiele Yee. 1.-A-16A77-J0 , re. *AZ T ohfosco 0 4 %1N4i1f08000 crero En2 vio a-ke) Mon467/a0 ytosraca( t Reeheeporl I 1 ,/ 0 01O. / 706 /-------- , (a I A./0, 1.4 I. • e/oet/ freweio — Tr' ej,ftdo ot-,/oe r 0) , • • AN LUIS ,SeorAorVo ° 4 4,444a4 '" I VV. 00,am, \ orrrome..='■ Front cover--State field crew seining cutthroat State and private fish culturists first stocked trout spawners at Emerald Lake (above), Hinsdale this species in the Gunnison drainage in the 1880's. County, in the early 1900's (Photo from the State Fish Large rainbow trout began entering creels in the Commissioner Biennial Report for 1905-06). A 12-pound 1890's and the state established a field spawn- exotic rainbow trout (1 1.::.4 ) caught from the Gunnison collecting station at North Beaver Creek below River by attorney T. C. Brown of Gunnison on August Gunnison in 1897. Larger specimens of rainbow were 18, 1897, a short distance above that town (Gunnison l ater taken there with seines by spawning crews, but I Tribune 1897 Aug 20) (Photo from Outdoor Life 1907 Jul found no evidence that any larger than this one were p 24). taken by hook and line from this river. FISH CULTURE AND STOCKING IN COLORADO, 1872-1978 WILLIAM J. WILTZIUS Division Report No. 12 Colorado Division of Wildlife June 1985 DOW-R-D-1 2- 85 Price $5.00 STATE OF COLORADO Richard D. Lamm, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES David H. Getches, Executive Director • WILDLIFE COMMISSION Timothy W. Schultz, Meeker, Chairman; James T. Smith, Denver, Vice Chairman; Richard L. Divelbiss, Pueblo, Secretary; Donald A. Fernandez, Alamosa; Rebecca L. Frank, Grand Junction; Robert L. Freidenberger, La Junta; John I. Lay, Denver; George VanDenBerg, Durango. DIVISION OF WILDLIFE James B. Ruch, Director STAFF: Edgar J. Prenzlow, Deputy Director; Robert E. Keiss, External Affairs; R. D. Andrews, Public Affairs; James F. Lipscomb, Terrestrial Wildlife Resources; Edward E. Kochman, Aquatic Wildlife Resources; P. T. Barrows, Wildlife Habitat Resources; Bruce L. McCloskey, Public Services; William S. Daley, Administrative and Technical Services. OPERATIONS, Regional Services: John R. Torres, Central; Walter D. Graul, NE; Ronald P. Desilet, SE; Robert K. Towry, SW; Perry D. Olson, NW Edited by Nancy W. McEwen Copies available from: Colorado Division of Wildlife, Research Center Library, 317 West Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526 CONTENTS Page PREFACE ........................................................ vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................ ix PRIVATE FISH CULTURE Territorial Laws and an Organized Beginning ...4 Prominent 19th Century Fish Hatcherymen ........................ 10 Commercial Fishing Operations .................................. 13 Sportsmen Involvement ......................................... 13 FEDERAL INVOLVEMENT ............................................. 20 U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries ...................... 20 Duties and Policy of the Commissioner .......................... 20 Federal Records ............................................... 21 Federal Hatcheries in Colorado ................................ 22 Involvement with Private Culturists or Other Agencies ........... 24 U. S. Forest Service ......................................... 24 STATE INVOLVEMENT ............................................... 25 The State Fish Commissioner--Duties and Reports ................. 25 Hatcheries and Fish Culture Appropriations .................... 26 State Permits and Private Ponds ................................ 29 State Fish Culture--Then and Now .............................. 29 Stocking Records ............................................. 40 Nomenclature Problems and Mixed Species ........................ 40 APPENDICES .................................................... 53 A. Early private salmonid hatcheries operated in Colorado 54 B. Some of Colorado's early fish culturists and their hatchery facilities ....................................... 57 James Broadwell--South Platte ............................ 57 Dr. W. A. Bell--Manitou Park ............................ 58 N. A. Baker--Denver ..................................... 65 W. H. Cushman--Green Lake near Georgetown ................. 66 Colonel De La Vergne--near Colorado Springs ............... 70 Gordon Land--Cataract Lake .............................. 72 Patrick Brothers' Facility--Pine River Drainage ........... 73 A. W. McIntyre--San Luis Valley .......................... 73 Peter Becker--Chalk Creek ................................ 73 General A. H. Jones--Black Lake .......................... 73 W. T. Kirkpatrick--Emerald Lake .......................... 74 William Radcliffe--Grand Mesa Lakes Feud ................. 75 Bert Hosselkus--near Creede .............................. 79 Horace Frantz--west of Salida ............................ 79 Gordon Land hatcheries and activities .................... 80 C. Gordon Land genealogy ..................................... 88 D. Early commercial fishing .................................. 91 E. Egg-collection stations used by Leadville Hatchery, 1890-1931 93 F. Activities of the Fish Commissioner, 1878 and 1890 ......... 95 G. First state-operated hatchery near Denver ................... 96 TABLES Number Page 1 Fish species stocked into the Colorado River system ....... 2 2 Early stocking records for catfish, West Slope ............. 3 3 Early stocking records for largemouth bass, West Slope . 4 4 Northern pike stocked in Western Slope waters ............. 5 5 Persons involved in fish culture before 1882 ............... 6 6 Fish distributed by U. S. Forest Service, 1920-1939 ....... 24 7 Early state appropriations for fish culture activity ....... 28 8 State fish hatcheries and production units ................. 29 9 Salmonid distribution from state hatcheries before 1917 . 41 10 Stocking by the state of cold- and warmwater categories of fishes before 1979 ..................................... 42 11 State and federal stocking before 1979 .................... 42 12 Dates and locations for fishes introduced into Colorado . 47 A Early private salmonid hatcheries ........................ 54 D-1 Persons, apparatus, capital, and total yield in commercial fisheries, 1900 ....................................... 91 D-2 Yield of fisheries ....................................... 92 E-1 Leadville Hatchery egg-collection stations (1890-1931) for cutthroat trout ................................... 93 E-2 ...for rainbow trout ..................................... 93 E-3 ...for brook trout ....................................... 94 E-4 ...for brown trout ....................................... 94 FIGURES 1 North Platte drainage in North Park .................... viii 2 A. H. Miles ............................................. 3 3 Poaching fish with dynamite .............................. 6 4 Paucity of law enforcement personnel and funds ........... 6 5 The Broadwell House ..................................... 7 6 Trout-hatching facility, 1874 ............................ 8 7 James M. Broadwell 10 8 Dr. William A. Bell ..................................... 10 9 Nathan A. Baker ......................................... 11 10 Gordon Land ............................................. 11 11 William H. Cushman ..................................... 11 12 Henry M. Teller ......................................... 11 13 Colonel George De La Vergne .............................. 12 i v FIGURES (continued) Number Page 14 General John Pierce ..................................... 12 15 John Law ............................................... 12 16 W. T. Kirkpatrick ....................................... 13 17 William Radcliffe ....................................... 13 18 Estes Park Fish Hatchery ................................ 14 19 Dr. F. J. Bancroft ..................................... 15 20 William N. Byers ....................................... 18 21 Spencer F. Baird ....................................... 21 22 U.S. Fish Commission specially-built railroad car #3 . 21 23 U. S. Fish Commission Hatchery
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