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Artificial Fertilization of the Ohrid Trout and The Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science. Vol. LIX, 2016 ISSN 2285-5750; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769; ISSN Online 2393-2260; ISSN-L 2285-5750 artificial fertilization and the repopulation of apparatus in dark rooms, the constant water the lake, already in Macedonia and Albania flow and the monitoring of temperature, pH, ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZATION OF THE OHRID TROUT respectively. Since then, the lake reinhabited water purity showed optimal development AND THE PRESENCE OF ITS SUMMER FORM IN THE LAKE each year with about 1 million fingerlings from conditions of eggs in the same way and as well Macedonian and Albanian side as well. The as the tanks premises where the fingerlings Viola PRIFTI lake restocking with fingerlings from Koran growed until they weigh about 3 gram. Based artificial fertilization is significantly reflected on the observations and calculations we have “Fan S. Noli” University, Shëtitorja Rilindasit, Korçë, Albania by the increasing of the fish’s number in the done, we predicted the possible conditions of Corresponding author email: [email protected] fishermen catches and at the other side this artificial fecundation, cultivation and avoid the endangerment of a particular fish conservation of Koran summer form, Salmo Abstract specie such as Salmo letnica. But this artificial letnica aestivalis, that follows the same Management and conservation of Ohrid trout, the most important endemic species of this lake, is one of the main issues fertilization, mainly is realized for the Koran development stages as Koran winter form. In of collaboration between the two transboundary states. The decline of fishing amount during the years is improved by winter form in November- February, its our work, a very important information has the artificial fertilization of koran applied both in Macedonia and Albania. Thereby, lake Ohrid reinhabited with about reproduction period. Years ago, in Struga is been obtained from several meetings with the one million offsprings of Salmo letnica per year, only from the Albanian part. The technical enhancement of artificial realized the artificial fertilization of the Koran old fishermans, to create a final screen of the fertilization makes possible the considerable increase of the koran amount in the hunting period. Meanwhile, the koran summer form, but in a small amount. The main Koran summer form catches. The fish catches summer form, Salmo letnica aestivalis has resulted in a decrease of the fishing amount according to data fishermen. The main purpose of this paper is to show that the management of koran artificial fertilization is directly connected purpose of this paper is to show that the declining of the Salmo letnica aestivalis with the fishing amount. So the enlargement of artificial fertilization even in summer time, for the Albanian part, will artificial fertilization of Salmo letnica aestivalis amount, are a strong appeal to establish result in the fishing summer form increased. would help the conservation and protection of coordination and management mechanisms in the Koran summer form as one of two its intensive conservation through the artificial Key words: artificial fertilization, conservation, Ohrid trout, Salmo letnica aestivalis. genetically distinct forms of Ohrid trout. fertilization and cultivation techniques that till INTRODUCTION has been considered as a polymorphic specie now are used for the winter form cultivation. regarding to the taxonomy and ecological MATERIALS AND METHODS Lake Ohrid, a lake of tectonic origin is characteristics. According to the authors above, RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS localized in Balkan region, in the transborder based on various data there are four forms of The realization of this paper is based on data area between the two countries; Macedonia and Ohrid trout that can be distinguished by the collected over the amount of fishing for several Figure 1 is a graph showing the quantity of Albania. According to many authors the period different intralacustrine environments, by the years and the cultivation techniques of Koran Koran catched from licensed fishermen over of its existence exceed 2-3 million years time and the different substrates that they use on the Lake Ohrid Albanian side. We provide the years. The Inspectorate of fishing in (Satankovic, 1960), making it one of the long- for spawning. There is an absence of the studies quantitative data through the inspectorate office Pogradec possesses data from 1947 to 2013. lived lakes in the world, that for more than 1 that determine the genetic differences of these of fisheries in Pogradec, on Koran catches from million years has provided a freshwater habitat forms, however Sell and Spirkovski have 1947 to 2013. The processing in Microsoft for its species. Despite the fact that some biotic shown that Salmo letnica typicus and Salmo Office Excel of catches quantities in quintal groups are poorly studied or not studied at all, letnica aestivalis are two genetically distinct [metric] (1 quintal = 100 kg) over the years approximately 1200 native species are known forms based on the sympatric differentiation gave us a development trend in the graphical from the lake, including 586 animals and at results. To preserve and protect natural representation of these measurements. These least 212 are endemic. With these endemic resources and biodiversity of Lake Ohrid, the data are collected by licensed boats that species and a surface area of 358 km2, Lake Lake Ohrid Conservation Project is applied accurately respect the allowed fishing periods Ohrid is probably the most diverse lake in the (LOCP). The realization of the project for Ohrid trout. It is important mentioning here world, taking surface ares into account (Albreht objective has developed and supported that in addition to licensed individuals there are & Wilke, 2008). Ten of 17 fish species and 34 effective cooperation between Albania and unlicensed fishermen that for several years Figure 1. The annual quantity of Ohrid trout catched by of 38 kinds of mollusks that populate the lake, Macedonia for joint environmental have done abusive catches who have influenced the lincensed fishemen in Albanian side thought to be endemic (Stankovic, 1960). management of the watershed. The project in the quantity mismatches of Ohrid Trout in Among salmonoids, Lake Ohrid trout, Salmo began in late 1998 and early 1999, with an the lake. In contact with the Specialist of Ohrid According to figures refer we notice a lower letnica (Karaman, 1924) or Koran, is an expected duration of three years. One of the trout growing economy, in Lin, Pogradec, we pace of the amount of fishing during the years important element of the freshwater fauna and most important points of Lake Ohrid have followed the work realized in different 1947- 1993, ranging from 16 quintal up to 140 as it is placed clearly on the phylogenetic Monitoring Program has been the conservation development stages and the growth quintal koran per year. For 1965, 1970 and Adriatic group S. trutta mtDNA (S. trutta, of the most important species of this lake. But environments until the fishes reached the 2005 and 2006 there are no data on Koran Bernatchez, 2001 dhe Apostolidis, et al. 1997, while the Koran or Lake Ohrid trout, is also fingerling stage. From the data collected we catches amount for albanian side. If we see S. letnica, Sell & Spirkovski, 2004). The so- subject to important fisheries, in order to have estimated the eggs quantity losses in further in 1994 noticed a trend of increased called Ohrid trout or Koran, Salmo letnica, by maintain the natural lake population in stable different cultivation stages and the offspring amount of the Koran catches, which continues different authors (Stefanovic, 1948; Stankovic, conditions, and to allow fishing at the same effectiveness which released in the lake, in the until 2000 and where the amount of fish caught 1960; Dimovski, Grupce and Spirkovski, 1992) time, since 1935 is established the process of period of September - October. The laying eggs varies from 800 to 1200 quintals per year. This 342 artificial fertilization and the repopulation of apparatus in dark rooms, the constant water the lake, already in Macedonia and Albania flow and the monitoring of temperature, pH, ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZATION OF THE OHRID TROUT respectively. Since then, the lake reinhabited water purity showed optimal development AND THE PRESENCE OF ITS SUMMER FORM IN THE LAKE each year with about 1 million fingerlings from conditions of eggs in the same way and as well Macedonian and Albanian side as well. The as the tanks premises where the fingerlings Viola PRIFTI lake restocking with fingerlings from Koran growed until they weigh about 3 gram. Based artificial fertilization is significantly reflected on the observations and calculations we have “Fan S. Noli” University, Shëtitorja Rilindasit, Korçë, Albania by the increasing of the fish’s number in the done, we predicted the possible conditions of Corresponding author email: [email protected] fishermen catches and at the other side this artificial fecundation, cultivation and avoid the endangerment of a particular fish conservation of Koran summer form, Salmo Abstract specie such as Salmo letnica. But this artificial letnica aestivalis, that follows the same Management and conservation of Ohrid trout, the most important endemic species of this lake, is one of the main issues fertilization, mainly is realized for the Koran development stages as Koran winter form. In of collaboration between the two transboundary states. The decline of fishing amount during the years is improved by winter form in November- February, its our work, a very important information has the artificial fertilization of koran applied both in Macedonia and Albania. Thereby, lake Ohrid reinhabited with about reproduction period. Years ago, in Struga is been obtained from several meetings with the one million offsprings of Salmo letnica per year, only from the Albanian part. The technical enhancement of artificial realized the artificial fertilization of the Koran old fishermans, to create a final screen of the fertilization makes possible the considerable increase of the koran amount in the hunting period.
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