Kentucky Geological Survey ANNUAL REPORT 2008–09 OUR MISSION is to increase knowledge and understanding of the mineral, energy, water resources, geologic hazards, and geology of for the benefit of the commonwealth and nation.

Cover photo: Eagle Falls at State Resort Park by James Pulliam, an avid amateur photographer whose daughter, Carrie Pulliam, has worked at KGS for 6 years. Eagle Falls flows over Pennsylvanian sandstone into the just below Cumberland Falls.

228 Mining and Mineral Resources Building University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40506-0107

www.uky.edu/KGS Contents: Letter from the Director 2 Energy Research 4 Water Resources 7 Geologic Hazards 10 Carbon Storage: The Deep Hole 12 Public Outreach 14 Geologic Mapping 16 Henderson Office 17 Laboratory 18 Core Library 19 Transportation Issues 20 Publications and Online Data 21 Awards and Recognitions 22 KGS Staff 2008–09 23 Grants and Contracts 24 The KGS work in geologic storage and enhanced oil recovery is of course tied to government actions taken for climate change. These stories Tare still unfolding. We will stay tuned.

In the 2008-09 fiscal year, public quarter of 2009, at the time of this writing, service reached new heights with the stock market is again above 10,000, a data distribution at an all-time high, positive sign, but unemployment is above 10 and research reached new depths percent and the outlook is uncertain. The KGS with a borehole into the Precam- budget could face cuts once again in the 2009- brian at 8,126 feet. Research on 10 fiscal year, but with the Kentucky General geologic storage of CO2 was a big Assembly beginning its session in January part of the research program for KGS, but 2010, there is no clear sign at this time what research on earthquakes, landslides, geologic the State’s, university, or KGS budget will be. mapping, and water resources was also The U.S. House of Representatives passed important. This annual report of the Kentucky the Markey-Waxman Bill, which is energy Geological Survey is a summary of the projects legislation containing provisions for a cap- and accomplishments of this organization and-trade system to control carbon emissions. over the past fiscal year. People interested in Commercialization of geologic storage will the Kentucky Geological Survey, its programs, likely not advance beyond the pilot phase and educational outreach can find an until there is some type of mandated abundance of information on the KGS Web regulatory control. The EPA has designated site. The Web site is a portal into maps, CO2 as a hazardous air pollutant, setting the publications, geologic data for Kentucky, and stage for regulatory controls by the EPA if recent presentations made by our staff Congress does not enact legislation. The UN members. climate change conference, Conference of KGS is a mandated program of the State the Parties to the UN Framework Convention of Kentucky and operates as a research center on Climate Change, will take place in of the University of Kentucky under the vice December 2009. Although there has been president for research. The serious questions much build-up and publicity in the U.S. media, concerning energy, water, global climate, and there will be no action in the Senate to hazards confronting our state, nation, and advance the Markey-Waxman Bill, so our the world create a situation where geological country’s position at the conference is as yet surveys are more important to society than unknown. President Obama is, however, ever before. expected to be at the conference in person. This annual report comes at a very difficult The KGS work in geologic storage and time in the country, with ongoing recession, enhanced oil recovery is of course tied to rising unemployment, decreasing revenues, government actions taken for climate change. and great economic uncertainty in the state, These stories are still unfolding. We will stay nation, and world. A 2008 survey of top tuned. economists showed most of them believed One of the important measures demon- the economy was then in a recession that strating KGS’s progress and effectiveness is would continue through 2009. As of the fourth numbers for sponsored projects. In 2008-09, KGS had 19 funded projects for a total grant funding second enhanced oil recovery project is under way of $2.1 million. KGS produced 10 new publications. at the Euterpe Field in Henderson County. Future The KGS Web site continues to be a valuable tool projects are planned on deep geologic storage in used by many industries, government agencies, eastern Kentucky and enhanced gas production in and private citizens to gather geologic information. Pike County. Last year, users conducted 223,120 online database The Precambrian Era is the time in the very searches for petroleum, coal, and water data. distant geologic past when only primitive organisms Most of the data and publications that KGS such as algae lived on Earth. In Kentucky, the rocks provides can be downloaded free from our Web of the Precambrian are very deep, covered by more site, and over 1.2 million such downloads took than a mile of Paleozoic strata. Therefore, getting place last year. Users can also view KGS data on a sample or core of these rocks is extremely rare interactive Web maps, especially our signature in Kentucky. Because of the excitement surrounding interactive geologic maps. KGS database and map the core of Precambrian rock from the Hancock Internet functions serve over 1,000 users a day. County well, we shared pieces of the core with The KGS Well Sample and Core Library accommo- Gov. Beshear, UK President Todd, UK Vice President dated 1,540 visitors and added 700,000 feet of core Tracy, Rep. Rocky Adkins, Sen. Robert Stivers, and from 252 wells. KGS added one new staff member our partners on the project from ConocoPhillips, in the year ending June 30, 2008. E.On U.S., and Peabody Energy. All seemed In the 2007 special session, the Kentucky genuinely pleased to receive their piece of General Assembly passed HB-1, establishing tax Kentucky’s very ancient geologic past. incentives for alternative-fuel and renewable-energy Research continued on seismic hazard analysis plants to locate in Kentucky and provided funds for Kentucky and on the KGS/UK exchange program for research. HB-1 appropriated $5 million for the with the Lanzhou Institute of Seismology in Gansu Kentucky Geological Survey to investigate CO2 Province, China. Director Lanmin Wang visited KGS storage in deep geologic reservoirs, enhanced oil and UK in the spring, and presented a talk on the recovery, and enhanced Devonian gas recovery. devastating Sichuan earthquake of May 2008. Research mandated by this bill was a major focus KGS staff testified for a number of legislative for KGS during 2008-09. committees and consulted with State officials in The deep geologic storage project in Hancock a number of different departments. KGS maintained County in the Western Kentucky Coal Field raised the State’s groundwater monitoring network, over $9.5 million to match State and KGS funds, seismic monitoring network, well sample and core for a total project budget of $10.8 million. The well library, and groundwater data repository, all part was successfully completed, and CO2 was injected of our mandate. We continued in an advisory role in the summer of 2009. The geologic and for the Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet engineering characteristics of the deep rock and produced two dozen articles and press releases formations are being determined from the data in the news media. The details of these and many obtained during the course of this research. The other activities are described in greater detail in scope of work and detailed research make this one this annual report. of the most comprehensive projects of its kind in the United States. It is also one of the largest, if not the largest, nonfederal carbon storage test project in the United States. The Sugar Creek enhanced oil recovery project in Hopkins County in western Kentucky is showing that injecting CO2 James Cobb to enhance oil production holds promise as a State Geologist and Director feasible technology. The project is only about a quarter of the way to completion and has injected 2,000 tons of CO2 of an ultimate 8,000 tons. A KGS has been active in major projects related to carbon storage and use of KCO2 for enhanced oil and gas recovery.

Western Kentucky ConocoPhillips, E.ON US, Tarrant, and Combs, LLC; and Deep Storage Test Peabody Energy, and the Kentucky Syngas LLC. z Tennessee Valley Authority formed Drilling of the Marvin Blan Enhanced Oil Recovery— the Western Kentucky Carbon No.1 well in Hancock County, Ky., Sequestration to test the potential for permanent Storage Foundation to provide Carbon dioxide injection began storage of carbon dioxide in deep additional funding and technical on May 11 at the Sugar Creek western Kentucky formations, services to the project. The Illinois enhanced oil recovery and began on April 24 and was Department of Commerce and sequestration project in Hopkins completed on June 15, reaching a Economic Opportunity also County. The project is jointly total depth of 8,126 feet. Three provided funding. administered by the state primary carbon storage reservoirs Cores were taken in the New Energy Research geological surveys of Kentucky of the Knox Group were identified. Albany, Maquoketa, Black River, and Illinois and the operator of St. Peter and Mount Simon and Knox formations; 30 feet of the oil field, Gallagher Drilling Inc. Sandstones, potential carbon core was also taken in the In addition to Kentucky House storage reservoirs being tested Precambrian Middle Run Bill 1 funding, the project also elsewhere in the Illinois Basin, Sandstone at the bottom of the receives support from the U.S. were not present in this well. Rick well. The U.S. Department of Bowersox of the Energy and Energy provided funding for the Department of Energy through Minerals Section and Henderson Precambrian core. the Midwest Geological office manager Dave Williams Other project partners include Sequestration Consortium, which served as principal investigators the Kentucky Energy and includes the Kentucky, Indiana, on the Hancock County effort. Environment Cabinet; and Illinois surveys. Though a Injection of carbon dioxide and Schlumberger Carbon Services; mature technology elsewhere in brine was scheduled for the Geo Consultants LLC; Smith the United States, CO2-EOR has summer of 2009. Management Group; Wyatt, not been used extensively in the

Aerial view of the completed Marvin Blan No. 1 well in Hancock County.

Courtesy W.C. Ging and Sandia Technologies, LLC. 3The rig used for drilling the western Kentucky deep carbon storage test well is set up at the Hancock County site.

CO2 injection and enhanced gas recovery at the Pike County site. Two injection scenarios were investigated: continuous injection (a CO2 “flood”) and a CO2 “huff and puff,” in which CO2 is injected and allowed to dissipate and dissolve before more natural gas is recovered. Preliminary analysis Glynn Beck, Brack Wimmer of the of the simulation suggests Illinois Survey and Kathy Takacs take continuous injection of CO2 brine samples for the Sugar Creek results in the higher natural gas project in Hopkins County. 4 recovery. An injection test project will be designed based on these results. Illinois Basin, largely because of In western Kentucky, the the cost of CO2. Devonian New Albany Shale is an Marty Parris is principal emerging natural gas play with investigator for the KGS portion potential for long-term storage of the Sugar Creek project. By of CO2. Thirty feet of full core was late June, about 1,500 tons of acquired from the Marvin Blan CO2 was injected about 1,850 No. 1 deep storage test well to feet deep into the Mississippian better characterize Illinois Basin Jackson Sandstone through a shale for CO2 storage and as a single injection. The project goal seal for deeper storage zones. is to inject 8,000 tons of CO2 This core is being sampled and during a period of about a year. analyzed to determine its Water and gas chemistry data properties. z long-term CO storage and are being collected by KGS 2 Rough Creek Graben enhanced natural gas recovery. researchers Glynn Beck and Consortium Kathy Takacs to determine how Two ongoing projects are A 2-year study on the long the reservoir fluid stays investigating this possibility. Cambrian geology and petroleum reactive once CO injection ends, The Pike County Fiscal Court 2 potential of the Rough Creek and whether the reactions nominated a natural gas well along Burke Branch as a potential CO2 Graben region of the southern produce any discernible changes Illinois Basin approached in the properties of the reservoir injection test site. The nominated well is a cased-hole completion, completion. This study was or seal rocks. z preventing acquisition of funded by a consortium of 12 additional data for shale petroleum exploration Devonian Shale Sequestration characterization and injection companies, the Kentucky Energy Low-permeability, organic-rich, project design. But data from and Environment Cabinet, and fractured Devonian black shales similar wells were provided by KGS. It included analysis and underlie about two-thirds of the Rosewood Resources, the geologic interpretation of 69 state and account for nearly 75 Midwest Regional Carbon two-dimensional seismic lines percent of Kentucky’s natural gas Sequestration Partnership, and (totaling nearly 1,000 miles of production. Evidence suggests Chesapeake Appalachian. These data), 10 regional cross sections that CO2 is preferentially adsorbed data have been compiled into a constructed from well data, and in the shale, making possible both reservoir model for simulating laboratory analyses of 25 sets of

Energy and Minerals Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008-09 5 Cambrian well cuttings from western Kentucky. In this core, CO2 for enhanced oil recovery, Rough Creek Graben wells. In which was also donated by a local (2) an evaluation of subsurface addition, a database was created coal company, the Springfield brine geochemistry and with information on 8,056 Knox coal gave off a significant amount implications for CO2 Group and deeper wells across of gas (more than 80 scf/ton) that sequestration, (3) a broad seven states. Of these wells, was relatively pure methane geologic framework evaluation of 1,723 have stratigraphic “tops” (more than 90 percent). At this CO2 storage potential with an interpretations and 550 have location, the roof shale, which emphasis along some of the digital well log data. was highly carbonaceous, also state’s major river corridors, and As part of the terms of the produced a fair amount of gas (4) a geologic evaluation of CO2 Consortium agreement, the final (more than 40 scf/ton). These storage potential for nominated report of the Rough Creek Graben data are consistent with an earlier coal gasification sites. The report study will be confidential for 24 KGS study done to evaluate the will be posted on the Kentucky months following the end of the gas potential of western Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet project. At that point (fall 2011), coal beds (“Resource Assessment Web site ( www.eec.ky.gov) and the results of the study will and Production Testing for Coal will be released as a KGS pub- become public and will be Bed Methane in the Illinois Basin: lication in the near future.z published by KGS. z Final Report”). z Evaluation of State-Owned Coalbed Methane in Eastern Soil Gas Chemistry Lands for Oil and Gas Kentucky Investigations Potential A study of the coalbed Marty Parris was the principal The 2009 regular session of methane potential of Breathitt investigator on a project that the Kentucky General Assembly Group coals from the Johnson- characterized soil gas chemistry called for KGS to collect data on Martin-Floyd County area was in settings in eastern Kentucky State-owned lands and assess completed in June. This study, having variable degrees of human their oil and gas resources; overseen by Cortland Eble, was disturbance and different types Brandon Nuttall is leading the funded by the Kentucky Energy of near-surface geology. The goals project to accomplish this. A and Environment Cabinet, with of the project were to character- criteria-based framework was the assistance of a local coal ize soil gas chemistry and flux defined using tract size, proximity company. Although gas contents and determine if such measure- to developed areas and were modest in terms of volume ments could be used as a moni- production zones, and surface (less than 60 standard cubic feet toring tool for carbon storage access restrictions. A model for per ton), the sampled gas was projects. The project was funded a generalized assessment of very high in methane content, by the U.S. Department of Energy revenue potential was compiled relative to other gases. A second and the Kentucky Energy and from recent Kentucky oil and gas Breathitt Group drill core was Environment Cabinet, and final production data. Information was collected from Letcher County in technical reports for the project gathered from several State cooperation with another coal were submitted to these agencies agencies and universities to be company with operations in August 2009. z integrated to the extent possible throughout eastern Kentucky. Gas into a single geographic infor- Regional Carbon contents were fairly high for mation system to facilitate the Sequestration Potential and eastern Kentucky (more than 100 assessment. The findings will be CO Enhanced Oil Recovery in scf/ton), although much of the 2 issued before the 2010 session Kentucky gas was categorized as residual, of the Kentucky General Assembly and was liberated only after the One of the first broad regional convenes. z core was crushed. Depending on appraisals of carbon storage and gas prices, coals such as these enhanced oil recovery potential may ultimately prove to be in Kentucky was completed by economic for coalbed methane Energy and Minerals staff in May. extraction. Funded by the State, it focused One other coal bore was on four major areas: (1) a geologic sampled in McLean County in evaluation of the potential to use

6 Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008-09 Energy and Minerals Water Resources The expertise of KGS Water Resources Section staff helps Kentucky agencies monitor the state’s waters and provide Tcommunities with clean water supplies.

Identifying Raw-Water Supplies The Water Resources Section is helping small Kentucky communities look to groundwater sources for public water supplies. In eastern Kentucky, they continued their work with the city of Evarts in Harlan County to develop groundwater supplies by testing production and quality in two newly drilled wells and analyzing general groundwater conditions for future planning. An aquifer test was completed for the city of Campton in Wolfe County. Hydraulic and water chemistry data were used by the city’s consulting engineer to successfully apply for funds to build a new water treatment plant. Both of these 5Jim Dinger measures groundwater flow from a discharge pipe during a pumping test of a sandstone aquifer sites target sandstone units of Early Pennsylvanian in Campton. age and used remotely sensed data and field

observations to site new wells in fracture zones that tend to produce more groundwater than in surrounding areas. At Greenville, in Muhlenberg County, section staff conducted a pumping test for a new municipal well approximately 850 feet deep. Water-quality data were collected and reported to a consulting engineer, along with 3Bart Davidson connects hydraulic analyses. KGS galvanized steel pipe to continues to provide a water pump while performing an aquifer information to Marion in test at an Evarts well. Crittenden County on the use of abandoned underground fluorspar mines as potential water supplies. In addition, KGS assisted the city of Sturgis in conjunction with the Kentucky Rural Water Association by sampling a monitoring well installed in the Union County community to assess the groundwater quality of a proposed municipal well site. z Groundwater Conditions in the Tunnel KGS completed installation of 23 new monitoring wells in the and completed one round of sampling of 50 wells for water quality. Chemical analyses are being modeled to further

Water Resources Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008-09 7 delineate the problem with the limestone aggregate roadbase dissolving in certain areas in both the northbound and southbound tunnels. Remediation is being considered by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. This project is in coordination with the Transportation Cabinet, the Cumberland Gap Tunnel Authority, the Federal Highways Administration, the University of Kentucky Transportation Center, and Vaughn and Melton Engineers Inc. z

Assessment of the Effect of CO2 Injection on Local Groundwater Quality KGS Water Resources staff conducted shallow groundwater monitoring for two carbon storage projects overseen by the Energy and Minerals Section. One project, in Hancock County, investigated the feasibility of injecting CO2 into deep saline aquifers. The second project, in Hopkins County, researched the feasibility of injecting CO2 into an oil-producing formation to enhance oil recovery while also storing the carbon dioxide. The shallow groundwater was sampled to characterize

6LaHousine Hanich, Junfeng Zhu, and Randy Paylor prepare to conduct an electrical-resistivity test in the Cane Run watershed. The test sends electric current through metal stakes in the ground to help locate underground 5An aerial photograph of the Cane Run study area conduits that may contain groundwater. with cross-sectional diagrams of electrical-resistivity tests overlying the area. Areas in blue represent possible underground conduits.

the local water quality and assess any changes in quality that may be associated with CO2 injection. Groundwater sampling in Hancock County will continue through 2012 and in Hopkins County through 2010. (More information on these projects can be found on page 4.) z Cane Run Watershed Section staff continued their efforts to locate sites to monitor the underground conduit through which the Cane Run watershed usually flows from Lexington to Royal Springs, the main water supply for Georgetown, in Scott County. Cane Run is one of four watersheds that the State Division of Water has focused on for cleanup in its nonpoint-source pollution program. Electrical-resistivity and spontaneous-potential geophysics were used to help pinpoint the location of the active conduit at

8 Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008-09 Water Resources three locations. Additional monitoring wells will be to surface waters, where selenium may metabolize drilled in the future at selected sites. This work is and bioaccumulate into toxic forms and being carried out in cooperation with the University concentrations in the food web. z of Kentucky’s College of Agriculture and Department Karst Activities of Earth and Environmental Sciences. z KGS staff completed a project for the Selenium Concentrations in the Transportation Cabinet to assess the potential Aquatic Environment consequences of routing overland runoff from one Statistical analysis of selenium concentrations karst groundwater basin to another along the in water and fish tissue from the Eastern Kentucky extension of the Edward T. Breathitt Pennyrile Coal Field continued, and a report summarizing Parkway in southern Christian County. The Tell City the findings is being written. With funding from karst groundwater basin map was completed in the Kentucky Division of Water, 13 sites were cooperation with the Division of Water, and is sampled in 2007 and 2008. The samples include scheduled for release in the near future. The map 37 water samples, 25 sediment samples, and 29 covers parts of Kentucky around the Owensboro fish tissue samples, for which seven forms of area. Work continues on developing maps depicting selenium were analyzed; standard chemical the probability of cover-collapse sinkholes analyses were also performed to help define the occurring. A model ordinance for guiding hydrogeochemical environment. The sampling development in karst terrain was completed by program was requested by the Division of Water Jim Currens and delivered to over 70 Kentucky because of a hypothesis that groundwater moving fiscal courts and planning agencies. Currens through bedrock and areas of coal-mine spoil received a University of Kentucky Commonwealth dissolves selenium concentrated in the coals during Collaboratives grant for this project. z formation. The groundwater eventually discharges

6Jim Currens looks over an excavated area along the extension route of the Edward T. Breathitt Pennyrile Parkway in Christian County while searching for dye-injection sites.

Water Resources Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008-09 9 Monitoring and understanding the earthquake hazard in the central United States remains the Mtop priority of the Geologic Hazards Section. County took a major step forward equipment shelter as strong-motion accelerometers surface sensors and medium-period seismom- KGS and the University of eters were built by EENTEC of St. Kentucky’s Department of Earth Louis for the observatory. and Environmental Sciences Jonathan McIntyre of the jointly operate the Kentucky Geologic Hazards Section has Seismic and Strong-Motion managed the instrumentation Network of 26 recording stations 100 ft phase of the project. located throughout Kentucky. The The observatory consists of network monitors earthquakes in three cased boreholes and a the central United States and 850 ft surface vault. The deepest records larger earthquakes borehole was drilled to 1,950 feet around the world. It consists of through the sediment overburden Geologic Hazards 19 short-period (weak-motion) and into bedrock. Two existing seismometers and 10 strong- boreholes comprising the vertical motion accelerometers, including 1,700 ft strong-motion array will be two-vertical strong-motion arrays. incorporated into the seismic Continuous near-real-time observatory. A variety of recordings from 12 of the broadband and strong-motion instruments can be viewed on the instruments will be placed in the 1,950 ft boreholes and at the ground surface. The surface vault is 36 inches in diameter, encased in 5The Central U.S. Seismic Observatory includes a 1,950-foot borehole into concrete extending to a depth of bedrock, two existing boreholes, and 4 feet below ground surface. a surface vault. The observatory, at Sassafras Ridge near the most active part KGS Web site at www.uky.edu/ of the New Madrid Seismic Zone, KGS/geologichazards/equake3 should provide the maximum .htm. amount of data in the shortest The strong-motion instru- period of time. The array of instru- ments recorded 41 earthquakes ments will allow the measurement in the region during the fiscal of strong motions from the year. Several hundred earth- bedrock through the soil column quakes from around the world to the surface, allowing monitor- were recorded by the weak- ing of how soil changes earth- motion instruments. Two earth- quake waves as they propagate to quake epicenters were located in the surface. KGS will be the only Kentucky: a 3.2-magnitude research entity with this capability earthquake on January 27, 2009, in the region. The observatory will near Williamsburg, and a 2.3-mag- be fully operational in the next nitude earthquake on May 8, fiscal year. z 2009, near Barbourville. z Chinese Partners Give Instruments Built for Deep Lectures at KGS Seismic Observatory Two Chinese researchers who 5Jonathan McIntyre guides students through an online search for earthquake information Completion of the Central U.S. have been involved in an inter- during the 2008 KGS open house. Seismic Observatory in Fulton national earthquake partnership

10 Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008-09 Geologic Hazards Lanzhou Institute of Seismology Director Lanmin Wang presents a traditional Buddhist figurine from the Tang Dynasty to University regulations based on the national of Kentucky Vice hazard maps are more stringent than President for Research Jim Tracy those in San Francisco or Los during Wang’s visit in Angeles. April as part of the Research and discussions with earthquake research federal agencies and other organiza- exchange with KGS. tions have resulted in some changes in the use of the national seismic hazard maps. The Building Seismic with KGS visited the Survey on the assessing seismic hazards is the basis Safety Council did not recommend University of Kentucky campus on for developing effective policies and using the 2008 national seismic April 27. Lanmin Wang, who directs measures. hazard maps for the new edition of the Lanzhou Institute of Seismology For example, the national seismic the National Earthquake Hazards in China’s Earthquake Administration, hazard maps, produced by the U.S. talked about effects and lessons Geological Survey, have been the Reduction Program’s “Recommended learned from the 8.0-magnitude basis for development of many Provisions for Seismic Regulations earthquake that struck Sichuan, national policies, such as building for New Buildings and Other China, in May of 2008. Zhijian Wu, codes. Therefore, seismic hazard Structures.” The USGS has also stated who spent a year as a visiting scholar assessment and maps must be on its Earthquake Hazards Program at KGS, gave a brownbag lunch scientifically sound. KGS has Web site (earthquake.usgs.gov/ presentation on his research into determined, however, that there are hazards/products/conterminous/ preventing the thawing of permafrost problems with the national seismic 2008/disclaimer.php) that “the 2008 under the railbed of the Quinghai- hazard maps: (1) the methodology USGS hazard maps should not be Tibet Railway. z (i.e., probabilistic seismic hazard substituted for the model building code design maps nor should they Hazard Assessment analysis) is flawed, (2) some input models are not consistent with be used with ASCE/SEI 41 or 31 for There is little doubt that earth- modern earthquake science, and (3) seismic rehabilitation or evaluation.” quakes pose a hazard to Kentucky, there is much confusion about the ASCE/SEI 41 and 31 are publications and the task of developing policies of the American Society of Civil to mitigate seismic hazards is national hazard maps. These problems have led to poor Engineers’ Structural Engineering challenging. Although the lack of Institute. z strong earthquakes from which to mitigation policies in western gather data adds to the challenge, Kentucky, where seismic design and

Earthquakes recorded M>=4 in the region from the Kentucky Seismic and Strong-Motion Network and other M>=3 cooperative networks in the central United States. The largest recording in the region for the fiscal year was M>=2 the April 24, 2009, southeastern Ohio earthquake near Oak Hill, Ohio, with a M>=1 magnitude of 3.4.

Geologic Hazards Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008-09 11 Carbon Storage Test Well CDrilled in Hancock County The project to drill a deep well in the drilling to a depth of 8,126 feet started Western Kentucky Coal Field to test the on April 23 and took 63 days. Sections permanent geologic storage of carbon of core were taken from five formations dioxide took just 2 years from passage in the well for analysis. of legislation mandating the work in While the drilling was under way, the August 2007 to clearing of the site when project partners opened the site for a drilling and injection was completed in tour in May 2009, drawing about 50 2009. people. After private partners had been On August 19, 2009, 300 tons of recruited to participate in the project, carbon dioxide was successfully injected planning started and preliminary field into the well, demonstrating that the work, such as gathering seismic-reflection Knox Dolomite could permanently store data, got under way. carbon dioxide. The site on a Hancock County farm The testing rig was removed and the was graded and prepared for drilling, and site cleared of equipment by late summer a drill rig arrived in April of 2009. The of 2009. z

Seismic reflection

Site preparation

Drill rig arrives

12 Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008–09 Carbon Storage: the Deep Hole Site tour

Core sections taken

Injection day

The test site after operations

Drilling operations

Carbon Storage: the Deep Hole Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008–09 13 KGS staff share their knowledge and expertise Kthrough a variety of outreach events.

Oil and Gas Exploration storage test held their Property Owners’ Evening in second public outreach Western Kentucky meeting on the project In April, Rick Bowersox and in Hawesville on Brandon Nuttall of the Energy October 27. About two and Minerals Section spoke at a dozen people, including property owners’ workshop members of the county organized in Elkton by the fiscal court, attended. University of Kentucky Agricultural They listened to

Public Outreach Extension Service for Todd County. presentations on the The topic was leasing mineral project and asked rights for oil and gas exploration. Nuttall discussed the geology of questions about its the region and its oil and gas effects in the area. KGS 5Kathy Takacs and Steve Greb at the CAER Energy Fair. capacity, and Bowersox shared his Director Jim Cobb 25 years of experience in the oil updated the audience and gas industry. A lawyer with on the project’s status, and CAER Energy Fair experience in leasing mineral rights Western Kentucky Office Manager KGS staff is asked to make also spoke at the meeting. z Dave Williams spoke about presentations or prepare activities Hancock County demonstrations for a variety of residents would see in professional, civic, and educational the vicinity of the deep events each year. Kathy Takacs well site. and Steve Greb of the Energy and Minerals Section, above, talked to In May, a tour of the school children about carbon site was organized for dioxide and energy-related topics the media and project at an energy fair in January partners. Hancock sponsored by UK’s Center for County Judge Jack Applied Energy Research. z McCaslin, Kentucky Rep. Annual Seminar, May 15 Rocky Adkins, and Energy and About 120 people gathered Environment Cabinet for the 49th KGS Annual Seminar on May 15. KGS researchers and Secretary Len Peters their colleagues with State were among those who government agencies and the spoke to the gathering. University of Kentucky spoke on About 50 people were 5Rick Bowersox spoke at a property owner’s projects they have developed workshop. bused to the site for a together. The theme of the tour of the drilling seminar was “Geoscience for the Public Meeting and Site Tour platform and site operations, and Citizens of Kentucky.” Speakers Held in Hancock County on temporary buildings where data included UK Vice President for Research Jim Tracy, Kentucky CO2 Research on the injection activities was to be gathered when the carbon Energy and Environment Cabinet KGS and its partners in the dioxide injection phase began. z Secretary Len Peters, and others Hancock County deep carbon from several state agencies. z

14 Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008-09 Public Outreach Roger Brucker, Haney Distinguished Lecture The speaker for the 2009 Donald C. Haney Distinguished Lecture in March was cave explorer Roger Brucker. The author or co-author of four books on cave topics, Brucker told 85 people gathered at the Mining and Mineral Resources Building about the history of the mapping of Mammoth Cave and colorful stories about the people who mapped the world’s longest cave system. Brucker is a co-founder of the Cave Research Roger Brucker Foundation. z

Open House KGS and other organizations set up displays for the annual open house on the evening of October 15, 2008. Dozens of students and their parents from Fayette and surrounding counties came to view exhibits and demonstrations on rocks and minerals, fossils, meteorites, carbon dioxide, mapping, exotic animals, and other earth science topics. The event is held each year in conjunction with the observance of Earth Science Week, which is sponsored nationally by the American Geological Institute. z Mapping still matters on issues ranging from Mhazards to water resources.

The Kentucky Geological STATEMAP program Survey and a variety of State continues to be the and local agencies constantly primary funding need new or refined geologic source for KGS mapping of the state. KGS’s geologic mapping geologic mapping mission is projects. During the to develop detailed (1:24,000- fiscal year, KGS scale) geologic maps for received $208,000 5Rose diagrams depicting the orientation Kentucky that are suitable for from STATEMAP to of fractures in the Berea area cataloged by defining geologic hazards, support new Steve Martin. developing economic Quaternary geologic resources, understanding mapping in both eastern and Survey’s EDMAP program. groundwater flow and quality, western Kentucky. Morehead State University geotechnical and land-use KGS field mappers Ron and Northern Kentucky Geologic Mapping planning, and other soil- and Counts and Scott Waninger University each have students landscape-related activities. completed new mapping in doing mapping projects The KGS Geologic the Kentucky parts of four 7.5- similar to the KGS STATEMAP Mapping Section, led by minute quadrangles in Union project in eastern Kentucky. William Andrews, works to County. This work will KGS personnel are supplying meet those needs with a contribute to efforts to assess data and field support for the variety of products. The seismic hazards and student mappers. section has been working for geotechnically characterize Steve Martin continued to several years on geologic the unconsolidated deposits develop a fracture mapping mapping funded by the annual in western Kentucky. Matt database supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Crawford and Mike Murphy Kentucky Transportation STATEMAP program and completed new mapping of Cabinet. He is examining Kentucky agencies. The the Quicksand 7.5-minute orientation and spacing of quadrangle in Breathitt fractures in roadcuts and County, which will natural outcrops in selected provide a foundation areas of central and eastern for slope-stability Kentucky. The information will modeling in the eastern be useful for a variety of part of the state. Steve projects from slope design for Martin maintains a road projects to water and database of subsurface petroleum exploration. Matt information related to Crawford has continued to the mapping projects; develop a comprehensive the data were harvested landslide inventory and from KGS coal, database, in cooperation with petroleum, and water John Kiefer, Jerry databases. Weisenfluh, and the KGS Web The Geologic page design team. The new Mapping Section also database will store and continued to support catalog information about the two student mapping location, size, movement, and projects in Kentucky, damages associated with 5Ron Counts and Mike Murphy use an augur to bore to which are funded by the landslides across Kentucky. z bedrock in Henderson County as part of a mapping project. U.S. Geological

16 Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008-09 Geologic Mapping Henderson Office KGS provides research and service to communities through its Western KKentucky office. KGS staff in the western herbicide concentrations and the Kentucky office in Henderson do presence of bacteria (total both research and community coliform and E. coli) in the well service in the western part of the water. Further surveys are planned state. Office manager Dave for later in 2009. Williams has been active in the Beck also conducted well and effort to drill a deep well for spring sampling along with gas carbon storage in Hancock sampling for the Hancock County County, serving as a co-principal carbon storage project. He also investigator on that effort. He took water samples from acted as a liaison for KGS and its production, domestic, and project partners with the property monitoring wells associated with owner and was present at the site the Sugar Creek enhanced oil for the start of critical phases. recovery project in Hopkins 5Glynn Beck gathers water well data in connection with the Hancock County carbon storage test. work in western Kentucky with the Geologic Mapping Section and was one of several KGS staff members involved in developing data for the Kentucky portion of “Surficial Geologic Map of the Evansville, Indiana, and Henderson, Kentucky, Area,” published by the USGS during the year. He applied for a federal grant to continue work on a fault scarp found in the Uniontown area the previous year. Preliminary 5 Dave Williams points out features of the drilling operation at the deep carbon storage test site during a tour of the site in April. investigations suggest the fault is between 3,500 and 4,000 years (For more on this project, see old. z County. In an effort to help locate page 4.) Williams also collects coal data, assisting coal and supplemental water petroleum companies with supplies for the information on the geology of cities of Greenville, western Kentucky. Sturgis, and Marion, Glynn Beck continues work Beck sampled water on health-related water studies in test wells and in the region. A survey was sent aquifers. The KGS to 550 families who use Water Resources groundwater for domestic water Section and the supply, in a cooperative project Kentucky Rural with the University of Kentucky Water Association College of Public Health. It seeks are also involved in to determine if there are links 5Ron Counts and Scott Waninger examine an erratic between the health of those these projects. found in western Kentucky. An erratic is a rock fragment carried from its original location by glacial ice thousands families and elevated nitrate and Ron Counts continued mapping of years earlier. Henderson Office Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008-09 17 Laboratory A 6 staff andUKstudents. assist theresearchbySurvey Analyses doneattheKGSLaboratory Hopkins County. enhanced oilrecoveryprojectin samples gathered for the Sugar Creek 18 Kentucky Geological SurveyAnnual Report2008-09 Engineering. Kentucky’s Department of Mining lab operated by the University of the KGSlaboratoryandacoal continues toworkpart-timefor standards activities.Francis individual contributionsto ASTM’s highesthonorfor for Testing andMaterials). Itis known astheAmericanSociety ASTM International(originally Committee onCoalandCoke of Award ofMeritfromthe receiving a2008 to hisprofession, nition for his service time, he won recog- 1988. Duringthat facility sinceApril managing the January 2009after Francis Manager KGS Laboratory Andrea Connoranalyzeswater retiredin Henry Jason Backus Henry Francis wetlands. state’s streams, rivers, lakes, and protecting thequalityof the work focusesonmonitoring and Watch program volunteers, whose collected byKentucky Water from streamsacrossKentucky found onpage7.) (More onthatprojectcanbe subsidence intheroadsurface. determine thecauseof Section ishelpingto KGS Water Resources Tunnel, where staff in the the CumberlandGap analyzed samplesfrom Section, page4.) Energy andMinerals information, seethe County. (For more project inHopkins enhanced oilrecovery and samplesfroman assessed watersamples Coal Field. Lab staff also in theWestern Kentucky carbon dioxide storage test permanentgeologic deep wellwasdrilledin2009to Hancock Countysitewherea The labacquiredseveral new Staff alsoanalyzedsamples The laboratory samples taken ata The labanalyzedwater Section anditspartners. Energy andMinerals conducted by the Survey’s for energy-related projects capabilities areimportant retirement. manager uponFrancis’s became laboratory The KGSlaboratory’s on thisinstrument,whichdetectsmetals. Many water samples are analyzed by the laboratory argon plasmaemissionsspectrometryinstrument. 5 Jason Backus sets up a new inductively coupled plant fibers and nanoparticles. performed laboratorywork with and agriculture.Students also chemistry, chemicalengineering, disciplines, includinggeology, their degreesinawiderangeof instrument forresearchtoward X-raylaboratory’s diffraction University ofKentucky usedthe undergraduate studentsatthe CO selective electrodetoassistin also addedacarbondioxide ion degrees Celsius.Thelaboratory range fromambientto1,500 reactions overatemperature associated withtransitionsand izes heat flow and weight changes metric analyzer unit. It character- calorimetry andthermogravi- new isadifferentialscanning total anddissolvedmetals.Also spectrometer, used for analyzing argon plasmaopticalemission is anewinductivelycoupled instruments during the year. One Both graduateand 2 analyses. Laboratory

z Well Sample and Core Library

The Well Sample and Core Library is Tthe only facility of its kind in Kentucky.

Preservation, accessibility, and The KGS Well Sample and Core utilization of samples and cores are ACTIVITIES SUMMARY Library remains the only such the major objectives of the KGS Well for FISCAL YEAR 2008-09 facility in Kentucky. Its samples Sample and Core Library. Data and • Over 650 telephone and cores are of great value for materials stored at the facility from requests for information training at all levels of education, over 25,000 locations across and continued training of working Kentucky are important for the were received. professionals. The data provide discovery and exploration of energy • More than 1,540 opportunities for research, sources and minerals, research for researchers, geologists, exploration, development, reports, a cleaner environment, and an consultants, students, theses and dissertations for improved understanding of academics, operators, and graduate students, class projects, Kentucky’s geologic history. and lab exercises while training Preserving geoscience data and the public visited the facility and educating new generations of making them available has many for a total of 2,583 visits. professionals who will need such benefits. There is a constant need • More than 285,000 feet of data. to reexamine samples as new core and well cuttings were It is hoped that discoveries geologic and engineering concepts examined. resulting from use of this material evolve and as new technology and and data will lead to economic methods of examination and • Approximately 700,000 prosperity and energy indepen- interpretations emerge. Field work, feet of core from 252 wells dence, resulting in greater national data acquisition, and research can was added to the collection. security, a cleaner environment, be costly, time consuming, and and clean and efficient energy. z dangerous. The library makes available historical data, literature, previously analyzed sample data, geophysical logs, core data, 6Academic researchers, exploration companies, geochemical analyses, and samples. The database and others regularly visit the Well Sample and Core of samples and cores can be accessed at the library’s Library to gather information from the stacks of page on the KGS Web site. cuttings and cores.

Core Locations

Cores and samples stored at the library come from locations across Kentucky.

Well Sample Locations KGS helps Kentucky’s Transportation Cabinet organize geotechnical data and track costs Krelating to geologic hazards.

Geotechnical Data Added project reports, which can to KGS Web Site be downloaded. The second KGS staff completed a 3-year is a search function for project to help the Kentucky information on drillholes by Transportation Cabinet’s specified geographic and Geotechnical Branch convert its stratigraphic criteria along data into electronic formats for with limiting criteria based Web distribution. The project had on the presence of various three phases: cataloging historical kinds of tests. (For example, design reports, developing a users could search for holes project tracking system, and penetrating the High Bridge building an enterprise database Formation that have for supporting data such as allowable bearing capacity analyses of drillholes, soil, and data). The search produces 5Kentucky’s Transportation Cabinet regularly rocks. The reports and data are a list of projects containing repairs structures, such as this overpass, that extremely useful to geologists holes that match the criteria are damaged by geologic hazards, including and engineers alike, because they and provides links to landslides and sinkholes. contain information about depth associated logs and analysis reports. The database contains Transportation Issues Transportation to bedrock, soil classifications, database. Each cost is associated over 7,000 historical reports rock strength and durability with a particular activity, such as dating from 1956 to the present parameters, water table readings, pavement patching, ditch and fracture measurements. and information on over 3,000 holes from projects cleaning, and rock removal, and beginning in 2007. The is assigned to a specific segment third service allows of highway using mile-point users to search for indicators. A number of the these data using an maintenance codes directly relate online map. This to issues of landslides, rockfalls, project was supported and sinkholes. KGS will prepare by Federal Transpor- the data in a geographic tation State Planning information system for spatial and Research Program analysis and investigate the funds administered by geologic context for areas of high UK’s Transportation Research Center. and repeated costs. This project will inform Transportation officials The Costs of about geologic units and areas Geologic Hazards of recurring hazard problems, and 5This map of the Paintsville area, highlighting A new project began help planners avoid or mitigate road segments with repetitive repair costs, is an during the fiscal year to these issues. example of the graphics KGS staff is creating to help investigate the costs of KGS Geologic Mapping the Transportation Cabinet track locations of high geologic hazards Section staff are currently costs from geologic hazards. affecting Kentucky’s implementing a landslide All the data are now available transportation network. The inventory for the state, and the on the KGS Web site at kgs.uky Kentucky Transportation Cabinet two projects will benefit from .edu/kgsmap/kytcLinks.asp, where tracks all the maintenance costs shared results. z three services are provided. The related to highways in its first is a catalog of completed Operations Maintenance System

20 Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008–09 Transportation Issues Publications and Online Data

The production of useful maps and Web-based information Tremains a priority with KGS.

KGS staff published 16 new Public use of the KGS Web site Coal Borehole Documents reports and maps during 2008- for obtaining geologic information During the past 2 years, KGS 09. Among the highlights: for a wide range of applications staff has been scanning the • A new series of river continues to grow unabated. In original documents relating to basin maps was initiated by 2008-09, over 250,000 database the coal borehole database, Dan Carey to provide a searches were conducted by including drillers’ and geologists’ graphical view of Kentucky 80,000 unique users. The daily logs and quality analyses. That watersheds. Maps were number of searches increased effort is 95 percent complete, prepared for the Green/Trade- dramatically from around 300 to and the documents can be water, Kentucky, Licking River, 1,000 during the fiscal year. This accessed from the second and Upper Cumberland River resulted in about 18,000 tabular column of the borehole results basins. The target audience data downloads during the year page. includes those engaged in and more than 2 million file Oil and Gas Production Plots research and other water- downloads, such as files related projects. These maps KGS maintains two databases associated with the large are especially useful for related to oil and gas production collection of oil and gas records members of Kentucky Water statistics. A new service was Watch, who regularly take available on the KGS Web site. A added to interactively create stream samples for number of new features and graphs of these statistics for monitoring water quality. enhancements have also been specified areas, time periods, and • A variety of publications added this past year. commodities. Once the graph is generated, the underlying data related to natural hazards Geologic Descriptions was produced. They include can be downloaded to the user’s During the digitizing of the a report on pyrite oxidation computer. geologic quadrangle maps, all the affecting foundations explanation material was also Gathering Lines (“Foundation Problems and The Kentucky Division of Oil Pyrite Oxidation in the converted to a database. That and Gas compiles information Chattanooga Shale, Estill information is now accessible as submitted by operators about the County, Kentucky”) by a searchable database at location of “gathering lines,” or Warren Anderson and kgs.uky.edu/KGSLitho/Search.asp. pipelines used to transport crude regional hazard maps and Users can specify different kinds oil and gas from drilling opera- seismic assessment reports. of descriptions of interest, along tions in the state. This past year • Two new 1:100,000- with keywords and one or more the Kentucky Legislature required scale geologic maps were geographic or stratigraphic the Division to make this informa- released for the Tell City and limiting terms. For example, a tion available on the Web, and Irvine 30 x 60 minute user could search for the word KGS was asked to assist. The lines quadrangles, bringing the “chert” in lithologic descriptions have been added to the interac- total in this series to 16. in Mississippian units in Pulaski tive gathering lines map at Web Statistics County. The service would return kgs.uky.edu/kgsweb/datasearch a statewide map highlighting Online data dissemination is ing/OilGas/GatherLineSrch.asp quadrangles where the criteria critical to the KGS mission, so the for display and query and will be were met, as well as a listing of Survey added four new computer added to the KGS oil and gas all the descriptions organized by servers to increase speed and information map. z map source. reliability of its services.

Publications and Online Data Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008–09 21 Awards and Recognition

ABrandon Nuttall received the 2009 publication of “Association of American Randy Paylor was Robert G. Alley Serviceman of the Year State Geologists Centennial History: elected to a 3-year Award from the 1908–2008.” term on the board of Kentucky Oil and Gas directors of the Donald C. Haney 15,000-member Association. It credits received the AASG Nuttall for his work National Distinguished Service Speleological Soc., compiling oil and gas Award, given to those headquartered in well records for the who “have worked to Huntsville, Ala. KGS Web site. advance the science and practical appli- Patrick Gooding cation of geology and was reappointed for William Andrews was named the related earth a fifth term as the chairman of the 2009 Geologist of the Year by sciences.” Credentials the Kentucky Section of the Dave Williams was Committee of the American Institute of recognized with the House of Delegates Professional Geologists. KGS Gordon H. Wood Jr. of the American staff and colleagues at Memorial Award Assoc. of Petroleum Morehead State University from the Eastern Geologists. nominated him for the award. Section of the AAPG. The award notes his Jerry Weisenfluh was Dan Carey received “dedicated service named KGS associate the 2008 John C. Frye with the Kentucky director effective Memorial Award in Geological Survey September 1, 2008. His Environmental and providing geologic service to private new duties include over- sight and monitoring of Geology for the series, companies, state and federal agencies, KGS research programs, Generalized Geologic and the public in western Kentucky for 33 years.” strategic planning for the Maps for Land-Use Survey and serving as Planning, published Mike Solis received liaison with State agencies and other during the past few the Energy Minerals state geological surveys. years. This award is given jointly by the Division Best Poster John Kiefer retired Geological Society of America and the Award for the poster in June as assistant Association of American State “Analyzing Deep Coal Resources of Eastern state geologist after Geologists. Kentucky for Their 30 years at KGS. Steve Greb was elected a Carbon Sequestration During his career he GSA Fellow at the Geologic Potential” at the annual worked at the Alabama Geological Society of America’s annual meeting of the Eastern Section of the Survey, and a meeting. Fellowship is an American Association of Petroleum Geologists. geotechnical honor bestowed on the best engineering company, of the geologic profession and taught at the University of Illinois once a year at the GSA Spring and Eastern Kentucky University. He Council meeting. joined the Survey in July 1979, and headed the Water Resources Section. Jim Drahovzal, who retired in 2006 as Director Jim Cobb head of the Energy and Minerals Sec- received the first AASG tion, received the Honorary Member- Presidential ship Award from the Recognition Award. Eastern Section of the Assistant State Matt Crawford and Terry Hounshell AAPG to recognize Geologist John Kiefer received the best poster award at the more than 40 years of nominated Cobb for 2008 Kentucky GIS Conference, spon- distinguished achieve- the recognition, citing sored by the State’s Office of Technology. ment in the energy a number of Cobb’s Their entry was the new map, “Geology industry and public of Mammoth Cave National Park, projects and achievements for AASG, service and his dedicated Kentucky.” The poster included graphics leadership in AAPG and particularly serving as editor for the by Designer Collie Rulo. its Eastern Section. KGS Staff 2008–09

State Geologist's Office Geoscience Information Section Geologic Mapping Section Cobb, Jim Cordiviola,K Steve Andrews, William, State Geologist / KGS Director Section Head Section Head Kiefer, John Adams, Elizabeth Crawford, Matt Assistant State Geologist Student Worker Geologist III Weisenfluh, Jerry Banks, Roger Martin, Steve Associate Director Stores Supervisor Geologist III Haney, Don Briland, Sarah Murphy, Mike State Geologist Emeritus Geologic Technician Geologist II Lynch, Mike Ellis, Mike Rivers, Monte Technology Transfer Officer Computer Support Specialist Temporary Technician Hower, Judy Farwell, Mike Temporary Technician Student Worker Laboratory Services Hounshell, Terry Francis, Henry Administrative Section Chief Cartographic Illustrator Scientist II / Laboratory Manager Silvers, Jackie McElhone, Jim (until 1/1/09) Backus, Jason Administrative Staff Officer II Information Technology Manager I Pulliam, Carrie Scientist II / Laboratory Manager Long, Mandy (1/1/09) Administrative Support Associate I Geologist II Rulo, Collie Conner, Andrea Phillips, Gwen Scientist I Staff Support Associate II Senior Graphic Design Technician Smath, Meg Mock, Steve Graening, Kati Scientist I Student Worker Geologist III Smath, Richard Water Resources Section Energy and Minerals Section Geologist III Dinger, Jim Harris, Dave Thompson, Mark Information Technology Manager I Section Head Section Head Currens, Jim Anderson, Warren Trapp, Fielding Student Worker Geologist V Geologist V Davidson, Bart Bowersox, Rick Ulanday, Joe Temporary Employee Geologist IV Geologist IV Fisher, Steve Drahovzal, Jim Watson, Anna Geologist II Geologist V Temporary Professional Fogle, Alex Eble, Cortland Geospatial Analysis Section Geologist III Geologist V Weisenfluh, Jerry Guo, Lifeng Greb, Steve Geologist IV Geologist V Section Head / Associate Director Carey, Dan Paylor, Randy Hickman, John Geologist II Geologist IV Geologist V Combs, Megan Webb, Steve Nuttall, Brandon Geologist II Geologist V Student Worker Curl, Doug Zhu, Junfeng Parris, Marty Geologist V Geologist V Geologist III Potts, Candace Fedorchuk, Nick Well Sample and Core Library Student Worker Temporary Technician Floyd, Julie Gooding, Patrick Schumacher, Anne Geologist IV / Manager Student Worker Student Worker Hunt, Heather Daniel, Ray Solis, Mike Principal Research Analyst Geologist I Student Worker Lambert, Jason Pinkston, Ryan Takacs, Kathy Research Analyst Geologist I Student Worker Webb, Donna Overfield, Bethany Western Kentucky Office Temporary Technician Geologist II at Henderson Paschall, Tony Williams, Dave Geologic Hazards Section Student Worker Section Head Sergeant, Rick Wang, Zhenming Beck, Glynn Geologist IV Section Head Geologist IV Sparks, Tom Ditty, Melissa Berdine, Jane Geologist III Student Worker Staff Support Associate I Wang, Rebecca McIntyre, Jonathan Counts, Ron Information Systems Technology Support Geologist IV Geologist III (Geologic Mapping Section) Specialist III Woolery, Ed Waninger, Scott Temporary Professional Geologist I (Geologic Mapping Section)

KGS Staff 2008–09 Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008-09 23 Summary of Grants and Contracts SFiscal Year 2008-09 A. Participation of KGS in Grants Current year pro-rated $6,619. Funding agency $48,169. Current year prorated $40,141. and Contracts Funded by Local, —U.S. Department of Energy. Funding agency—Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Cabinet. State, and Federal Agencies as 10. “Southeastern Kentucky: Coals as CO2 Well as Industry. Sequestration Reservoirs” (part of Southeast 20. “Kentucky Coal and Shale Analyses in Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Support of Southeastern Regional Carbon 1. “Computerized Coal Resources Data for Phase 2 Project). Current year award $12,574. Sequestration.” Budget period 6/15/08– the National Coal Resources Data System.” Project period 10/1/05–9/30/09. Total award 6/30/09. Total award $12,500. Funding Budget period 7/1/08–6/30/09. Award $15,000 of $66,000. Funding agency—Virginia agency—Kentucky Energy and Environment as funding for an additional year of multi-year Polytechnic Institute and State University. Cabinet. projects on coal resources data. Total award to date $1,419,614. Funding agency—U.S. 11. “Kentucky Part of Phase 2 of the 21. “National Catalog Metadata Geological Survey. Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Submissions for Kentucky Sites.” Budget Partnership.” Project period 10/1/05–9/30/09. period 9/1/08–8/31/09. Total award $24,647. 2. “Quarternary and Surficial Geological Total award $283,232. Current year prorated Funding agency—U.S. Geological Survey. Mapping for Geotechnical and Geophysical $71,433. Funding agency—U.S. Department 22. “CAER and KGS Advisory Support of Applications in Kentucky.” Award of $218,452 of Energy. for budget period 7/1/08–6/30/09. This is the State Energy-Related Issues.” Project period 13th year of funding of the National Mapping 12. “Hydrogeochemistry of Tunnel Road- 9/15/08–6/30/09. Total award $59,000. Funding Project. Total award to date $2,470,049. bed Subsidence.” Current year prorated agency—Kentucky Energy and Environment Funding agency—U.S. Geological Survey. $31,367. Budget period 7/1/07–12/31/08. Total Cabinet. award $94,100. Funding agency—Tunnel 23. “Midwest Geological Sequestration 3. “Communications Specialist Liaison for Management Inc. the Kentucky Board of Registration for Consortium—Phase II and III.” Budget Professional Geologists.” Budget period 13. “Integrating Geotechnical Drillhole period 7/1/08–12/17/09. Total award $115,890, 7/1/08–6/30/09. Award $15,000. Funding Data with Geologic Information.” Budget which includes $9,601 scope award. Current agency—Kentucky Board of Registration for period 7/1/06–6/30/09. Total award $375,000. year prorated $70,859. Funding agency—U.S. Professional Geologists. Current year award $125,000. Funding Department of Energy through the Illinois State agency—Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. Geological Survey. 5. “Groundwater Education, Training, and Technology Transfer.” Budget period 14. “Selenium Occurrence and Bio- 24. “Kentucky Coal and Shale Analysis for 7/1/03–6/30/10. Current year no additional accumulations in the Eastern Kentucky the Southeast Regional Carbon funding. Total award $450,000. Funding agency Coal Fields.” Budget period 2/16/07–6/30/09. Sequestration Partnership (SECARB).” —Kentucky Natural Resources and Environ- No cost extension for current year. Total award Budget period 8/25/08–9/30/09. Total award mental Protection Cabinet. $69,845. Funding agency—Kentucky $50,000. Funding agency—Marshall Miller and Department of Environmental Protection. Associates. 6. “Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium.” Budget period 10/1/05–11/30/08. 15. “Rough Creek Graben Consortium.” 25. “Mapping Karst Groundwater Basin Current year prorated $40,353. Total award Budget period 8/1/07–6/30/09. Current year Boundaries along the E.T. Breathitt $498,405. Funding agency–U.S. Department award $62,862. Total award $127,031. Funding Pennyrile Parkway.” Budget period 4/1/09– of Energy through the Illinois State Geological agency—Kentucky Energy and Environment 6/30/09. Total award $29,062. Funding Survey. Cabinet. agency—Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. 16. “Rough Creek Graben Deep Gas 7. “Operation of the Mid-American B. Participation in Grants Integrated Seismic Network–UK.” Current Consortium.” Budget period 3/1/07–2/28/09. year prorated $92,139 with total award of Total award $247,340. Current year prorated Administered by Other Units of the $163,975 for budget period 2/1/07-1/31/10. $82,447. Funding agency—multiple industry University of Kentucky. sponsors. Includes $55,800 scope award for equipment. 1. “A Model Ordinance for the Guidance Funding agency—U.S. Geological Survey. 17. “Inventory of Current Collection of Development on Karst Land.” Project 8. “A Systems Approach to Identifying Resources and Data Preservation at the period 1/1/08–6/30/09. Total award $10,000. Exploration and Development Opportuni- Kentucky Geological Survey.” Budget period Current year prorated $7,000. Funding ties in the Illinois Basin: Digital Portfolio 7/1/07–9/30/08. Current year award $5,000. source—UK Commonwealth Collaboratives. Plays in Under-Explored Lower Paleozoic Total award $10,000. Funding agency—U.S. Rock.” Budget period 9/24/05–9/23/08 with Geological Survey. total award of $197,498. Current year pro- 18. “Research into Enhanced Oil and Gas Total Amount of Grants rated $16,458. Funding agency—U.S. Recovery Carbon Dioxide” HB1. Project and Contracts Awarded: Department of Energy through University of period 10/15/07–6/30/11. Total award Illinois. $5,000,000. Current year prorated $1,250,000. $2,337,913 9. “Geochemical Analysis of Surface and Funding agency—Kentucky Energy and Federal: $654,901 Environment Cabinet. Shallow Gas Flux and Composition over a State: $1,600,565 Proposed Carbon Sequestration Site in 19. “Nutrient Analysis of Mountain Eastern Kentucky.” Project period Bioregion Streams in Eastern Kentucky.” Other/Private: $82,447 7/15/05–12/13/08 with total award of $277,989. Budget period 5/22/08–4/30/09. Total award

24 Kentucky Geological Survey Annual Report 2008-09 Grants and Contracts Editor: Mike Lynch Copy Editor: Meg Smath Design and Layout: Collie Rulo