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Consider the Mort
vladiC raviCH CONSIDER THE MORT EXAMINinG THE LITERAL AND FIGURATIVE underBellieS OF THE FISH-PAIN DEBATE discussed: Five Black Chutes, Humanity’s Earliest Triumphs of Husbandry, Rotary Club Signage, A Strip-Mall Starbucks, A Decerebrate Cat, Sham Rage, The November 1874 Edition of Scientific American, The Human Urge for Narrative, Your Favorite Stuffed Animal, Scientists Rolling Their Eyes, Kafka or a salmon in Can- through which blood is pumped out of ada, the fish harvest its body by a still-beating heart. The fish ends with a slippery are dead before coming to, and, silent as slide through one of loaves of bread, they push one another five black chutes. Half- into the freezer in the ship’s hold. Fway down, a piston squeezes out a puff The salmon harvest begins when an of exhaust as a pneumatic hammer strikes the fish on the “air stone” is put into the water at the front of the trough, back of the head at more than sixty miles per hour. The which is a huge pocket of netting where a few thousand salmon slides sideways onto the bleeding-table, its visible salmon are slowly being corralled. The air stone releases a eye unnaturally still. That’s how you know it’s stunned, ex- surge of bubbles that creates motion in the water, and the plains Jason Stalker, the harvest master for Marine Harvest, salmon turn to face it, riding the current. “You see, they’re a multinational aquaculture company in Campbell River, lined up good, like firewood,” Stalker points out. One by British Columbia, that slaughters thirty thousand fish ev- one, the fish are sucked through a tube and into the mini- ery day. -
ISAZ Newsletter, April 2019
April 2019: Number 38 News and Notes From ISAZ Early Bird Registration for ISAZ 2019 available until May 20th! The 2019 ISAZ conference: Animals in the Public Eye: Human Interactions and Perceptions of Animals will take place in Orlando, Florida, between 1-4 July. Participants can also register for the pre-conference workshop on Research Methods and Data Analysis and Humane Education Symposium on the 1st of July and the social event at the Living Seas Salon in Epcot on the 3rd July. Students: This year we will also hold a student mixer on the 1st July in the Oasis Bar & Grill (poolside restaurant at the conference venue) from 5:30. The event is free of charge. You can register for the conference and the social events here. On The Student Blog The April Edition of Becoming an Anthrozoologist: The ISAZ Student Blog will feature work from Kerri E. Rodriguez, who works at the Center for the Human- Animal Bond at Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine. Check out Kerri´s work on the psychological and physical effects of PTSD service dogs: Psychiatric service dogs affect cortisol in military veterans with PTSD. Meet the Anthrozoologist: James Serpell For the April edition of Meet the Anthrozoologist, we are excited to have a conversation with Professor James Serpell, Director of the Centre for the Interaction of Animals and Society at the University of Pennsylvania and one of the founding members of ISAZ. Name: James Serpell, PhD University: University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine Location: Philadelphia, USA Position/ Title: Marie A. Moore Endowed Professor in Animal Ethics and Welfare/ Director of the Center for the Interaction of Animals and Society How did you start doing research in anthrozoology? I started working in this field through a series of happy accidents. -
The Social Cetaceans Kieran Fox
INFERENCE / Vol. 5, No. 3 The Social Cetaceans Kieran Fox hales, dolphins, and porpoises have become The prescience of Aristotle’s observations were in sharp a fixture of contemporary popular culture. In contrast to the prevailing views of the early nineteenth addition to their star turns at aquarium shows century, when cetaceans were seen primarily as a valuable Waround the world, cetaceans have been immortalized as source of oil.13 In New York in 1818, a major court battle took stars of film and television, and celebrated in documenta- place in which opposing sides debated whether cetaceans ries.1 Cetacean-themed tourism has also flourished, with were mammals or fish.14 A whale-oil merchant, Samuel whale- and dolphin-watching tours estimated to be gen- Judd, had contested the right of the authorities to collect erating more than $2 billion a year in revenue.2 Although fish-oil taxes on his product, since, he argued, whales were perhaps long overdue, the present fascination with these not fish. Despite the ample scientific evidence presented creatures is still relatively new. The International Whal- to the contrary, the jury ultimately decided whales were ing Commission’s worldwide moratorium on commercial fish.15 Admittedly, Judd was likely more interested in pre- whaling took effect only in 1986.3 Since then, cetaceans serving his profits than pursuing scientific truth, but that have undergone a remarkable transfiguration in the pop- does not change the fact that he was right. ular imagination. Once hunted to near extinction, these Cetaceans spend nearly all of their time underwater, creatures are now thought a natural wonder. -
Science in the Service of Animal Welfare
Science in the Service of Animal Welfare Universities Federation for Animal Welfare Annual Report 2008-2009 Annual Report The Universities Federation for Animal Welfare The Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, founded in 1926, is an internationally recognised, independent, scientific and educational animal welfare charity concerned with promoting high standards of welfare for farm, companion, laboratory and captive wild animals, and for those animals with which we interact in the wild. It works to improve animals’ lives by: • Promoting and supporting developments in the science and technology that underpin advances in animal welfare • Promoting education in animal care and welfare • Providing information, organising meetings, and publishing books, videos, articles, technical reports and the journal Animal Welfare • Providing expert advice to government departments and other bodies and helping to draft and amend laws and guidelines • Enlisting the energies of animal keepers, scientists, veterinarians, lawyers and others who care about animals Photograph Credits Dr Cathryn Mellersh p3 courtesy of the Animal Health Trust. Broiler p7 courtesy of Louise Buckley. Sheep p9 courtesy of Bluemoondog Pictures. Elephant p9 courtesy of Dr Chris Sherwin. Zoo Outreach p10 courtesy of The Zoo Outreach Organisation. © UFAW 2009. Published by UFAW, The Old School, Brewhouse Hill, Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire AL4 8AN, UK. Tel: +44 1582 831818 Fax: +44 1582 831414 Website: www.ufaw.org.uk Email: [email protected] Printed on NAPM approved recycled paper Science in the Service of Animal Welfare 1 Letter from the Chief Executive’s Chairman Report It gives me great pleasure to Fifty years ago William report another very Russell and Rex Burch’s ‘The successful year for the Principles of Humane charity with many notable Experimental Technique’ achievements, confirmation was published. -
Anne Laura Dorinthea Mclaren (1927-2007) [1]
Published on The Embryo Project Encyclopedia (https://embryo.asu.edu) Anne Laura Dorinthea McLaren (1927-2007) [1] By: Khokhar, Aroob Keywords: Biography [2] Mice [3] Fertilization [4] Anne Laura Dorinthea McLaren was a developmental biologist known for her work withe mbryology [5] in the twentieth century. McLaren was the first researcher to grow mouse [6] embryos outside of the womb [7]. She experimented by culturing mouse [6] eggs and successfully developing them into embryos, leading to advancements with in vitro [8] fertilization [9]. McLaren was born in London, England, on 26 April 1927 to Christabel McNaughten and Henry Duncan McLaren, 2nd Baron Aberconway, who was a politician and industrialist. Growing up, McLaren wanted to pursue an education in English literature, but instead entered Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, with a scholarship to study zoology. During her undergraduate work, McLaren became intrigued with genetics, in part due to her tutor, Edmund Brisco Ford [10]. After graduating with a honors degree in zoology, she continued her research with geneticist John Burdon Sanderson Haldane at University College London [11] on mite infestation in Drosophila [12]. McLaren continued to pursue her education and in 1952 graduated with a PhD from Oxford University where she studied mice neurotropic viruses with professor Kingsley Sanders [13], furthering her career in genetics. That same year, McLaren wed Donald Michie [14], who also studied and obtained his PhD at Oxford University. They continued working on the genetics of mice with Peter Medawar [15] at University College London [11] and the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) together. At RVC, McLaren worked with researcher John Biggers [16] on the cultivation of mouse [6] embryos, leading to a major technical advance in the history of embryology [5]. -
The Third Base
Appendix The Third Base Donald Forsdyke If I thought that by learning more and more I should ever arrive at the knowledge of absolute truth, I would leave off studying. But I believe I am pretty safe. Samuel Butler, Notebooks Darwin’s mentor, the geologist Charles Lyell, and Darwin himself, both con- sidered the relationship between the evolution of biological species and the evolution of languages [1]. But neither took the subject to the deep informa- tional level of Butler and Hering. In the twentieth century the emergence of a new science – Evolutionary Bioinformatics (EB) – was heralded by two dis- coveries. First, that DNA – a linear polymer of four base units – was the chromosomal component conveying hereditary information. Second, that much of this information was “a phenomenon of arrangement” – determined by the sequence of the four bases. We conclude with a brief sketch of the new work as it relates to William Bateson’s evolutionary ideas. However, imbued with true Batesonian caution (“I will believe when I must”), it is relegated to an Appendix to indicate its provisional nature. Modern languages have similarities that indicate branching evolution from common ancestral languages [2]. We recognize early variations within a language as dialects or accents. When accents are incompatible, communi- cation is impaired. As accents get more disparate, mutual comprehension de- creases and at some point, when comprehension is largely lost, we declare that there are two languages where there was initially one. The origin of lan- guage begins with differences in accent. If we understand how differences in accent arise, then we may come to understand something fundamental about the origin of language (and hence of a text written in that language). -
Editor: Stan Kuczaj Department of Psychology University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5025 Hattiesburg, MS 39406, U.S.A
Editor: Stan Kuczaj Department of Psychology University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5025 Hattiesburg, MS 39406, U.S.A. [email protected] Associate Editor: Lauren Highfill Department of Psychology Eckerd College 4200 54th Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33711, U.S.A. [email protected] Editorial Advisory Board: Adam Barrett, University of Sussex, UK Patrick Bateson, Cambridge University, UK Robert Batsell, Kalamazoo College, USA Isabel Behncke, Oxford University, UK Thomas Bugnyar, University of Vienna, Austria Fay Clark, Bristol Zoo, UK Holli Eskelinen, Dolphins Plus, USA Justin Gregg, Dolphin Communication Project, USA Martine Hausberger, University of Rennes, France Gisela Kaplan, University of New England, Australia Alban Lemasson, University of Rennes, France Eduardo Mercado, University of Buffalo, USA Ádám Miklósi, Eötvös University, Hungary Robert Mitchell, Eastern Kentucky University, USA Tadamichi Morisaka, Kyoto University, Japan Kazuo Okanoya, University of Tokyo, Japan Mathias Osvath, Lund University, Sweden Sergio Pellis, University of Lethbridge, Canada Anne Russon, York University, Canada Marek Špinka, Institute of Animal Science, Czechia Masaki Tomonaga, Kyoto University, Japan Jennifer Vonk, Oakland University, USA Shige Watanabe, Keio University, Japan Meredith West, Indiana University, USA Deirdre Yeater, Sacred Heart University, USA Editorial Assistants: Holli Eskelinen, Pepper Hanna, Lauren Miller ABC logo and cover designed by Conrad Eskelinen Cover: Gorilla with bark board Photo -
2005 – Building for the Future
2005 – 2006 2005 – Building for the future Working with communities is an important part of ZSL’s effort to involve local people in the welfare of their wildlife Reading this year’s Living Conservation report I am struck by the sheer breadth and vitality of ZSL’s conservation work around the world. It is also extremely gratifying to observe so many successes, ranging from our international animal conservation and scientific research programmes to our breeding of endangered animals and educational projects. Equally rewarding was our growing Zoology at the University of financial strength during 2005. In a year Cambridge. This successful overshadowed by the terrorist attacks collaboration with our Institute of in the capital, ZSL has been able to Zoology has generated numerous demonstrate solid and sustained programmes of research. We are financial growth, with revenue from our delighted that this partnership will website, retailing, catering and business continue for another five years. development operations all up on last Our research projects continued to year. influence policy in some of the world’s In this year’s report we have tried to leading conservation fields, including give greater insight into some of our the trade in bushmeat, the assessment most exciting conservation programmes of globally threatened species, disease – a difficult task given there are so risks to wildlife, and the ecology and many. Fortunately, you can learn more behaviour of our important native about our work on our award-winning* species. website www.zsl.org (*Best Website – At Regent’s Park we opened another Visit London Awards November 2005). two new-look enclosures. -
Schuler Dissertation Final Document
COUNSEL, POLITICAL RHETORIC, AND THE CHRONICLE HISTORY PLAY: REPRESENTING COUNCILIAR RULE, 1588-1603 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Anne-Marie E. Schuler, B.M., M.A. Graduate Program in English The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Professor Richard Dutton, Advisor Professor Luke Wilson Professor Alan B. Farmer Professor Jennifer Higginbotham Copyright by Anne-Marie E. Schuler 2011 ABSTRACT This dissertation advances an account of how the genre of the chronicle history play enacts conciliar rule, by reflecting Renaissance models of counsel that predominated in Tudor political theory. As the texts of Renaissance political theorists and pamphleteers demonstrate, writers did not believe that kings and queens ruled by themselves, but that counsel was required to ensure that the monarch ruled virtuously and kept ties to the actual conditions of the people. Yet, within these writings, counsel was not a singular concept, and the work of historians such as John Guy, Patrick Collinson, and Ann McLaren shows that “counsel” referred to numerous paradigms and traditions. These theories of counsel were influenced by a variety of intellectual movements including humanist-classical formulations of monarchy, constitutionalism, and constructions of a “mixed monarchy” or a corporate body politic. Because the rhetoric of counsel was embedded in the language that men and women used to discuss politics, I argue that the plays perform a kind of cultural work, usually reserved for literature, that reflects, heightens, and critiques political life and the issues surrounding conceptions of conciliar rule. -
Anne Mclaren 1927–2007
OBITUARY Anne McLaren 1927–2007 Courtesy of Gurdon Institute Gurdon of Courtesy Paul Burgoyne Anne McLaren died in a car accident along with her former husband Gurdon Institute website (http://www.gurdon.cam.ac.uk/anne-mclaren. and lifelong friend Donald Michie while traveling from Cambridge to html). Anne was of aristocratic stock (her father, Sir Henry McLaren, was London on 7 July 2007. While she made major contributions to studies of 2nd Baron Aberconway), and, at the MDU, I was once astounded to see mouse genetics and development, her immense strength was in distilling a letter addressed to “The Honorable Anne Laura Dorinthea McLaren.” scientific information and communicating it to others, and she worked Anne eschewed titles, and almost anyone who has met her will invari- tirelessly to ensure that sound scientific reasoning informed public policy ably refer to her as Anne rather than Doctor, Professor or Dame (as making. she became in 1993). Anne also had her own highly developed sense of After receiving her D.Phil. at Oxford in 1952, she worked together with social justice and responsibility, to which her whole life is a testimony. Michie in London at University College and then at The Royal Veterinary She joined the Communist Party, and this led to her being denied a visa College, where they became interested in the issue of nature versus nurture to the United States until around 1991—16 years after she had become in determining phenotypic characteristics. Their work, together with that a Fellow of the Royal Society! Anne was an inveterate traveler, heading of their subsequent colleague John Biggers, undermined the prevalent off to meetings in all parts of the globe with only a small rucksack and http://www.nature.com/naturegenetics assumption that the genetic uniformity of inbred mice led to phenotypic a plastic bag of papers to read on the plane. -
Simpson Pm 1
Int. J. Dev. Biol. 45: 513-518 (2001) The case of the midwife scientist 513 The case of the midwife scientist ELIZABETH SIMPSON* Transplantation Biology Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England ABSTRACT Genes controlling both testis determining and expression of the male-specific trans- plantation antigen, HY, are located on the short arm of the mouse Y chromosome, and on the X and Y-linked translocation, Sxra. A mutation of Sxra was discovered in a cross between an Sxr carrier male and a T16H/X female. This was designated Sxrb and found to affect both the expression of HY and spermatogenesis, but not testis differentiation, thereby disproving Ohno’s hypothesis that HY controlled testis determination. Molecular genetic analysis showed the mutation to be caused by fusion of two duplicated genes, Zfy1 and Zfy2, deleting the intervening DNA. This deletion interval, ∆Sxrb, contained a number of genes, each a candidate HY gene. Expression cloning with HY-specific T cell clones identified Smcy, Uty and Dby as encoding peptide epitopes of this transplantation antigen. The human homologues SMCY and UTY likewise express HY antigens and these are targets of damaging graft-versus-host (GVH) responses and potentially therapeutic graft-versus- leukaemia (GVL) responses following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Knowledge of the peptide identity of HY epitopes allows monitoring of immune responses following BMT, using fluorescent tetramers, and also offers the possibility of inducing immunological tolerance. KEY WORDS: Sex determination, spermatogenesis, transplantation, HY antigen, expression cloning. Brought together by translocation lymphocytes that effected cellular immune responses appeared to recognise foreign molecules only in the context of their own There were two sorts of translocations that brought me together specialised cell surface glycoprotein molecules. -
Fish and Pain Perception
An HSUS Report: Fish and Pain Perception Stephanie Yue, Ph.D. * Abstract In several arenas—legislative, academic, corporate, advocacy, and scientific—the welfare of fish has increasingly attracted attention due in part to the expansion of the aquaculture industry, as well as the growing understanding that many handling methods, management systems, and slaughter practices can induce pain and therefore reduce animal welfare. Unlike other animals raised for human consumption, however, general consensus has not always afforded fish the presupposition that they are, in fact, capable of feeling pain. The typical arguments in support of or against attributing pain capacity to fish revolve around their neuroanatomical development, behavioral and cognitive complexity, physiology, and anatomy. After reviewing the current scientific evidence and exploring the many arguments, it is irrefutably substantiated that fish are capable of experiencing pain. Introduction Aquaculture, as defined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce, is “the propagation and rearing of aquatic organisms in controlled or selected environments for any commercial, recreational or public purpose.”1 Described as the fastest-growing food production sector in the world, aquaculture’s growth is expected to continue.2 Indeed, simply to satisfy current worldwide fish consumption, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations predicted in 2006 that worldwide aquaculture production must nearly double in the next 25 years. 3 In the last two decades, the aquaculture industry † has expanded approximately 8% per year, and it is expected that the number of farmed fish will continue to rise, 4 perhaps surpassing the number of wild-caught animals from the world’s fisheries.