Thalassas, 27 (2): 77-100 An International Journal of Marine Sciences

ADDITIONS TO THE INVENTORY OF OPISTHOBRANCHIA OF GALICIA (NW IBERIAN PENINSULA)

URGORRI, V.(1), DÍAZ-AGRAS, G.(1), BESTEIRO, C.(1) & MONTOTO, G.(1)

Key words: Opisthobranchia, new records, Galicia, NW Iberian Peninsula, , distribution, habitat, Nudibranchia, Cephalaspidea, Anaspidea, Acochlidiomorpha, Sacoglossa.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION

A total of 36 of Mollusca Opisthobranchia The littoral bottoms of the coasts of Galicia collected on Galician coasts (NW Iberian Peninsula) present a high diversity of habitats and species as are presented in this article: one Cephalaspidea, one a consequence of several physical and ecological Anaspidea, two Acochlidiomorpha, two Sacoglossa factors; they stretch as far as 1500 km of coast line, and 30 Nudibranchia. Of these, 15 had not been very irregularly, with open environments exposed previously quoted for Galicia; the other 21, despite to the beating of the ocean and more protected being previously quoted, represent rare species or ‘rías’ with varied dimensions and orography. Their species little known on these coasts. For each species, waters, as a consequence of the phenomenon of remarks are made concerning different taxonomic coastal upwelling, present a great phytoplanctonic aspects, their distribution and habitat characteristics. richness and are subsequently responsible for the high secondary production, capable of keeping a high biodiversity of species of marine .

(1) Estación de Bioloxía Mariña da Graña, In the littoral fauna of Galicia, Gasteropoda Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Casa do Hórreo, Mollusca represent an important share, and of these, Rúa da Ribeira 1, testacea species are very well-known (Hidalgo, 15590, A Graña (Ferrol), Spain. 1886; Cadée, 1968; Hernández-Otero & Jiménez- e-mail: [email protected] Millán, 1972; Rolán, 1983; Otero-Schmitt & Trigo,

77 URGORRI, V., DÍAZ-AGRAS, G., BESTEIRO, C. & MONTOTO, G.

Figure 1: Location maps of the localities where the species quoted in this article were collected.

78 ADDITIONS TO THE INVENTORY OF MOLLUSCA Opisthobranchia OF GALICIA (NW IBERIAN PENINSULA)

1986, 1987, 1989; Trigo & Otero-Schmitt, 1987; On the other hand, the zoological systematic, Troncoso et al., 1988, 1990; Rolán et al., 1989; so accustomed in the recent past to the traditional Troncoso & Urgorri, 1990, 1991; Olabarria, Urgorri classification, is currently living a revolution in all & Troncoso, 1997a, 1997b; Olabarria, Troncoso taxonomic levels, basically stimulated by molecular & Urgorri, 1997; Carmona-Zalvide & Urgorri, sequence data. This booster has made the world of 1999a, 1999b; amongst others). However, there zoology go more deeply into the phylogenetic analyses is not such exhaustive knowledge of based on morphological and molecular data, which has Opisthobranchia, above all, of those lacking in shell undoubtedly caused a magnificent scientific boost. in their adult stage. Of the Opisthobranchia that Nevertheless, the extent of zoology and the great still keep their shell more or less reduced, there are diversity determines that the results of the some mentions in Galicia from the middle of the 19th phylogenetic analyses have not evolved sufficiently in century (MacAndrew, 1849, 1850; MacAndrew & any direction yet, being still provisional in many cases, Woodward, 1864; Hidalgo, 1886, 1917; Cadée, 1968; despite moving forward progressively. Therefore, Hernández-Otero & Jiménez-Millán, 1972; amongst different authors and articles have produced year after others). But of the Opisthobranchia lacking in shell, year results that in some cases are opposing or at least it is not until the last quarter of the 20th century when not concordant. Following one or another systematic the first quotes come out (Ros, 1975; Ortea, 1977a; ordering is sometimes circumstantial and the one Ortea & Urgorri, 1978; Polo et al., 1979; Ortea chosen may be left behind the times in a short period & Urgorri, 1979a, 1979b; Urgorri, 1981; Ortea & of time to a greater or lesser extent. Consequently, as Urgorri, 1981a, 1981b; amongst others). we agree with the arguments used by Cervera et al. (2004) for the ordering followed in his article, it has When the inventory of Opisthobranchia from been decided to use the same systematic ordering as Galicia was published, Urgorri & Besteiro (1983) that used in this checklist of Opisthobranchs from compiled all the previous information, adding Spain and Portugal. numerous quotes unpublished until then. In subsequent years, new quotes were added to the inventory by STUDY AREA different authors (Rolán, 1983; Cobo, 1985; Urgorri & Besteiro, 1986; Rolán-Álvarez & Rolán, 1989; Urgorri & Besteiro (1983) decided to include Rolán, Otero & Rolán-Álvarez, 1989; García, Urgorri the quotes of the littoral system and the bathyal & López-González, 1990; Rolán, Rolán-Álvarez zone of our coasts in the Inventory of the Mollusca & Ortea, 1991; Urgorri, Cobo & Besteiro, 1991; Opisthobranchia of Galicia. In this article, in which Calado & Urgorri, 2002; amongst others). Apart new additions to that inventory are given, the from these contributions, after almost 30 years quotes included are confined to the littoral system, since the publication of the inventory of Galicia as the species of Opisthobranchia collected in (Urgorri & Besteiro, 1983), numerous specimens of the deep-sea (bathyal and abyssal zones), are still Opisthobranchia have been collected on our coasts, under study. presenting in this article those additions that are considered to be the most noteworthy, not only for All quotes presented correspond to species their novelty, but also for their oddities or shortage of sampled on the whole littoral of Galicia, although mentions and those that presented any confusion and most localities are confined to the ‘rías’ of Ferrol, A needed to be clarified or specified. They make up a total Coruña, Arousa and Ares. of 36 species of Mollusca Opisthobranchia of Galicia: a Cephalaspidea, an Anaspidea, two Acochlidiomorpha, Below are listed the 81 mentioned localities, with two Sacoglossa and 30 Nudibranchia. the place name and geographical coordinates of their

79 URGORRI, V., DÍAZ-AGRAS, G., BESTEIRO, C. & MONTOTO, G.

location, ordered from north to south following the 20. San Felipe (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 47” N; 008° coast from Ribadeo to A Guarda. This list, which may 18’ 57” W) seem to be redundant, as localities are also written 21. Castelo de San Felipe (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ up for each of the species, allows an overall view of 46” N; 008° 16’ 50” W) the localities correlated and shown on the maps of 22. Leuseda (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 54” N; 008° figure 1. 16’ 30” W) 23. Leuseda (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 57” N; 008° 1. Benquerencia (Lugo) - (43° 33’ 47” N; 007° 10’ 16’ 30” W) 42” W) 24. Leuseda (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 28’ 03” N; 008° 2. Burela (Lugo) - (43° 38’ 50” N; 007° 20’ 16’ 38” W) 35” W) 25. Leuseda (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 58” N; 008° 3. Sismundi (Ortigueira) - (43° 42’ 12” N; 007° 52’ 16’ 47” W) 31” W) 26. O Pereiro (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 58” N; 008° 4. Capela do Porto, (Meirás, Valdoviño) - (43° 36’ 16’ 18” W) 53” N; 008° 11’ 45” W) 27. O Pereiro (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 28’ 01” N; 008° 5. O Pieiro Pequeno (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 26’ 54” N; 16’ 15” W) 008° 20’ 40” W) 28. O Vispón (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 56” N; 008° 6. O Pieiro Pequeno (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 29” N; 16’ 05” W) 008° 20’ 14” W) 29. A Graña (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 28’ 53” N; 008° 7. O Zorrón (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 22” N; 008° 15’ 26” W) 20’ 23” W) 30. A Graña (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 28’ 44” N; 008° 8. Canelas (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 28’ N; 008° 19’ W) 15’ 33” W) 9. Canelas (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 50” N; 008° 19’ 31. A Graña (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 28’ 43” N; 008° 44” W) 15’ 35” W) 10. Viñas (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 50” N; 008° 19’ 32. A Cabana (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 29’ 12” N; 008° 47” W) 15’ 29” W) 11. Barbeira (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 28’ 08” N; 008° 33. A Cabana (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 29’ 10” N; 008° 19’ 07” W) 15’ 29” W) 12. Cariño (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 55” N; 008° 19’ 34. A Malata (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 29’ 23” N; 008° 17” W) 14’ 57” W) 13. Fornelos (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 28’ 02” N; 008° 35. Promontoiro - A Barca (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 18’ 49” W) 46” N; 008° 13’ 54” W) 14. Fornelos (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 51” N; 008° 36. A Bestarruza (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 49” N; 18’ 57” W) 008° 15’ 42” W) 15. Fornelos (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 59” N; 008° 37. O Baño (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 47” N; 008° 15’ 18’ 48” W) 57” W) 16. San Cristovo (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 56” N; 008° 38. O Baño (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 39” N; 008° 15’ 18’ 06” W) 59” W) 17. Rabo da Porca (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 37” N; 39. A Redonda (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 46” N; 008° 008° 17’ 53” W) 16’ 10” W) 18. Rabo da Porca (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 27” N; 40. A Redonda (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 51” N; 008° 008° 18’ 15” W) 16’ 06” W) 19. Rabo da Porca (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 37” N; 41. A Redonda (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 52” N; 008° 008° 17’ 50” W) 16’ 15” W)

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42. A Palma (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 54” N; 008° 64. Aguiño (Ría de Arousa) - (42° 31’ 01” N; 009° 16’ 32” W) 00’ 41” W) 43. Ría de Ferrol - (43° 28’ 10” N; 008° 14’ 47” 65. Xidoiros (Ría de Arousa) - (42° 32’ 44” N; 008° W) 55’ 30” W) 44. Ría de Ferrol - (43° 28’ 15” N; 008° 15’ 09” 66. Cambados (Ría de Arousa) - (43° 31’ 17” N; 008° W) 49’ 18” W) 45. Ría de Ferrol - (43° 28’ 20” N; 008° 15’ 02” 67. Ansuíña de Micaela (Ría de Arousa) - (42° 30’ W) 05” N; 008° 53’ 04” W) 46. Ría de Ferrol - (43° 28’ 10” N; 008° 12’ 43” 68. Mesa do Con (Ría de Arousa) - (42° 31’ 30” N; W) 008° 54’ 59” W) 47. Cu da Raiña (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 27” N; 008° 69. Canal do Grove (Ría de Arousa) - (42° 28’ 32” N; 17’ 35” W) 008° 58’ 26” W) 48. A Moa do Segaño (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 25” N; 70. Canal do Grove (Ría de Arousa) - (42° 27’ 50” N; 008° 18’ 42” W) 008° 58’ 14” W) 49. O Segaño (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 03” N; 008° 71. San Martiño do Grove (Ría de Arousa) - (42° 30’ 19’ 12” W) 59” N; 008° 53’ W) 50. O Segaño (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 07” N; 008° 72. San Martiño do Grove (Ría de Arousa) - (42° 31’ 18’ 54” W) 03” N; 008° 52’ 04” W) 51. O Segaño (Ría de Ferrol) - (43° 27’ 05” N; 008° 73. San Martiño do Grove (Ría de Arousa) - (42° 31’ 18’ 56” W) 07” N; 008° 55’ 03” W) 52. As Merloeiras (Ría de Ares) - (43° 26’ 24” N; 008° 74. San Martiño do Grove (Ría de Arousa) - (42° 30’ 19‘ 20” W) 59” N; 008° 53’ 57” W) 53. Perbes (Ría de Ares) - (43° 22’ 50” N; 008° 13’ 75. Rodel das Figueiras (Ría de Arousa) - (42° 28’ 30” 46” W) N; 008° 57’ 36” W) 54. San Amede (Ría de Ares) - (43° 23’ 23” N; 008° 76. San Vicente do Mar (O Grove) - (42° 27’ 10” N; 16’ 15” W) 008° 55’ 25” W) 55. Ría de Ares (43° 22’ 57” N - 43° 25’ 18” N; 008° 77. Ensenada da Lanzada (Ría de Pontevedra) - (42° 13’ 29” W - 008° 17’ 32” W) 25’ 48” N; 008° 53’ 38” W) 56. A Moreira (Ría da Coruña) - (43° 22’ 30” N; 008° 78. Illa de Ons (Ría de Pontevedra) - (42° 23’ 12” N; 23’ 17” W) 008° 55’ 05” W) 57. O Grelle (Ría da Coruña) - (43° 22’ 53” N; 008° 79. Alcabre (Ría de Vigo) - (42° 14’ 05” N; 008° 46’ 23’ 30” W) 08” W) 58. O Cabalo (Ría da Coruña) - (43° 23’ 05” N; 008° 80. Continental Shelf of Galicia - (43° 34’ 07” N; 008° 23’ 26” W) 36’ 32” W - 43° 34’ 41” N; 008° 35’ 35” W) 59. Punta Herminia (A Coruña) - (43° 23’ 25” N; 008° 81. Continental Shelf of Galicia - (43° 32’ 02” 24’ 02” W) N; 008° 37’ 31” W - 43° 32’ 48” N; 008° 35’ 60. As Agudelas (A Coruña) - (43° 23’ 26” N; 008° 59” W) 24’ 24” W) 61. O Boi (A Coruña) - (43° 23’ 19” N; 008° 24’ 54” The quoted species were collected from 24/09/1976 W) to 19/11/2010; three quarters of them are posterior to 62. Orzán (A Coruña) - (43° 22’ 42” N; 008° 24’ 36” the publication of the inventory of Urgorri & Besteiro W) (1983). The remaining fourth part corresponds to 63. O Basteo (A Coruña) - (43° 22’ 33” N; 008° 27’ species that have been mistakenly quoted or not 19” W) identified with certainty.

81 URGORRI, V., DÍAZ-AGRAS, G., BESTEIRO, C. & MONTOTO, G.

Figure 2: A: Gastropteron rubrum (Rafinesque, 1814). B: Asperpina loricata (Swedmark, 1968). C: Microhedyle glandulifera (Kowalevsky, 1901). D: Hermaea bifida (Montagu, 1815). E: Hermaeopsis variopicta (Costa, 1869). F: Corambe testudinaria Fischer, 1889. G: Okenia aspersa (Alder & Hancock, 1845). H: tartanella (Ihering, 1885).

82 ADDITIONS TO THE INVENTORY OF MOLLUSCA OpISTHOBRANCHIA OF GALICIA (NW IBERIAN pENINSULA)

RESULTS A. fasciata is undoubtedly the only infrequent in contrast to A. punctata and A. depilans, which are Superorder OPISTHOBRANCHIA Milne-Edwards, very frequent and abundant at the whole Galician 1848 littoral. Order CEPHALASPIDEA Mikkelsen, 1996 Family GASTROPTERIDAE Swainson, 1840 Order ACOCHLIDIOMORPHA Salvini-Plawen, 1983 Gastropteron rubrum (Rafinesque, 1814) Family HEDYLOPSIDAE Odhner, 1952

Material: Continental Shelf of Galicia, Asperpina loricata (Swedmark, 1968) 14/09/2003, (43° 34’ 07” N; 008° 36’ 32” W - 43° 34’ 41” N; 008° 35’ 35” W). 1 specimen 14 mm long Material: Mesa do Con (Ría de Arousa), (fixed), collected on bottoms of muddy sand at a depth 05/05/1981, (42° 31’ 30” N; 008° 54’ 59” W). 9 of 149 m. Continental Shelf of Galicia, 25/09/2004, specimens, the largest 1.2 mm long, collected on (43° 32’ 02” N; 008° 37’ 31” W - 43° 32’ 48” N; 008° bottoms of sand with shelly gravel and maërl at 35’ 59” W). 3 specimens, the largest measuring 14 a depth of 8.7 m. San Martiño do Grove (Ría de mm long when fixed, collected on bottoms of muddy Arousa), 17/02/1981, (42° 30’ 59” N; 008° 53’ 57” sand at a depth of 151 m. W). 1 specimen, 1 mm long, on bottoms of sand with Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our maërl at a depth of 8.5 m. coasts, it is the first quote in Galicia. Distribution in Galicia: This species was Remarks: Cervera et al. (1988, 2004) mistakenly quoted in Galicia by Cobo (1985) and Arnaud et mention the presence of Gastropteron rubrum in al. (1986). both checklists in area 2 (Galicia, western Asturias Remarks: The quotes of Asperpina loricata and and northern Portugal) and attribute the quote to other mesopsammic Opisthobranchia: Philinoglossa Ros (1975 as G. meckeli), who had carried out only helgolandica, Hedylopsis spiculifera and Microhedyle two samplings in area 2 for this publication: an glandulifera which Arnaud et al. (1986) mention infralittoral at Vilagarcía de Arousa and an intertidal in ‘Galicia’ in an imprecise way, correspond to the at Canido, where he did not collect this species. This dissertation by Cobo (1984), as these authors point author (Ros, 1975) quotes it for the Catalan littoral out in the additional notes of their publication. A (area 8), collecting more than 100 specimens on trawl wide summary of the results of the study of Cobo fishing grounds of Blanes (ba1, ba2, ba3 & ba5), at a (1984) were published in a small popular science book depth from 40 to 250 m. (Cobo, 1985), where the situation of the sampling localities, which has been included in this article, is Order ANASPIDEA Fischer, 1883 precisely mentioned. Family APLYSIIDAE Lamarck, 1809 Family MICROHEDYLIDAE Hertling, 1930 Aplysia fasciata Poiret, 1789 Microhedyle glandulifera (Kowalevsky, 1901) Material: Aguiño (Ría de Arousa), 16/10/2000, (42° 31’ 01” N; 009° 00’ 41” W). 1 specimen 250 mm Material: O Pereiro (Ría de Ferrol), 02/12/1986, long in tide pools of rocky intertidal. (43° 27’ 58” N; 008° 16’ 18” W). 195 specimens, the Distribution in Galicia: This species had only largest 1.7 mm long, in Amphioxus sand at a depth been mentioned by Rolán (1983) at Ría de Vigo. of 12 m. Leuseda (Ría de Ferrol), (43° 27’ 54” N; Remarks: Of the three species known in Galicia, 008° 16’ 30” W), sand of Amphioxus at a depth of

83 URGORRI, V., DÍAZ-AGRAS, G., BESTEIRO, C. & MONTOTO, G.

Figure 3: A: Trapania maculata Haefelfinger, 1960. B: Trapania pallida Kress, 1968. C: Thecacera pennigera (Montagu, 1815). D: Crimora papillata Alder & Hancock, 1862. E: Hypselodoris cantabrica Bouchet & Ortea, 1980. F: Chromodoris luteorosea (Rapp, 1827). G: pellucida (Risso, 1826). H: stellifera (Vayssière, 1904).

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13-18 m. 362 specimens: 21/03/1978, 08/04/1978, 09/04/1980, (42° 23’ 12” N; 008° 55’ 05” W). 14 20/10/1978, 18/11/1980. A Palma (Ría de Ferrol), specimens in Amphioxus sand at a depth of 35 m. 02/06/2004, (43° 27’ 54” N; 008° 16’ 32” W). 19 Alcabre (Ría de Vigo), 23/02/1981, (42° 14’ 05” N; specimens 1 mm long, in Amphioxus sand at a depth 008° 46’ 08” W). 2 specimens in sand at a depth of 14 m. Rabo da Porca (Ría de Ferrol), 02/06/2004, of 28 m. (43° 27’ 37” N; 008° 17’ 53” W). 8 specimens in The size of all specimens quoted in the material Amphioxus sand at a depth of 13 m. Fornelos (Ría ranged from 0.5 to 3.5 mm long. de Ferrol), 20/10/1978, (43° 27’ 51” N; 008° 18’ Distribution in Galicia: This species was quoted 57” W). 34 specimens, the largest 1.3 mm long, in in Galicia by Urgorri & Besteiro (1983, as Unela Amphioxus sand at a depth of 18 m. Cariño (Ría de odhneri), Cobo (1985) and Arnaud et al. (1986). Ferrol), 10/02/2004, (43° 27’ 55” N; 008° 19’ 17” W). Remarks: As previously commented on Asperpina 5 specimens, the largest 1.1 mm long, in Amphioxus loricata (vide supra), the quotes of Microhedyle sand at a depth of 17 m. Canelas (Ría de Ferrol), glandulifera that Arnaud et al. (1986) mention in 24/09/1983, (43° 28’ N; 008° 19’ W). 32 specimens an imprecise way in ‘Galicia’, correspond to the in shelly sand at a depth of 13 m. O Pieiro Pequeno dissertation by Cobo (1984), as these authors point out (Ría de Ferrol), 24/09/1983, (43° 26’ 54” N; 008° in the additional notes of their publication. Previously, 20’ 40” W). 10 specimens in Amphioxus sand at a it had been mistakenly quoted by Urgorri & Besteiro depth of 25 m. Perbes (Ría de Ares), 02/04/1980, (1983) as Unela odhneri; the quotes of Cobo (1985) (43° 22’ 50” N; 008° 13’ 46” W). 8 specimens in and posterior recollections of the species are included sand at a depth of 9-10 m. Xidoiros (Ría de Arousa), herein. 28/01/1980, (42° 32’ 44” N; 008° 55’ 30” W). 1 specimen in Amphioxus sand at a depth of 12 m. It is also important to emphasize that the follow- San Martiño do Grove (Ría de Arousa), (42° 31’ up of the fauna of Amphioxus sand at Ría de Ferrol 07” N; 008° 55’ 03” W), in sand at a depth of 9 m. for many years, revealed that the populations of 262 specimens: 28/01/1980, 04/03/1981, 05/05/1981. Microhedyle glandulifera and other mesopsammic San Martiño do Grove (Ría de Arousa), 03/05/1981, Opisthobranchia have drastically decreased as a (42° 31’ 03” N; 008° 52’ 04” W). 73 specimens in consequence of the exponential increase of pollution Amphioxus sand at a depth of 8 m. San Martiño do and the decrease of hydrodynamics due to the Grove (Ría de Arousa), (42° 30’ 59” N; 008° 53’ closing of the ‘ría’ that the construction of the outer W), sand with shelly gravel and maërl at a depth port breakwater caused. This fact can be proved by of 8-9 m. 12 specimens: 17/02/1981, 06/07/1982. comparing the number of specimens and the dates Ansuiña de Micaela (Ría de Arousa), (42° 30’ 05” in the first four related localities. Unfortunately, the N; 008° 53’ 04” W), Amphioxus sand with maërl value of mesopsammic Opisthobranchia is confirmed at a depth of 9 m. 178 specimens: 17/02/1981, once again as ecological indicators, a fact that had 04/03/1981, 01/04/1981, 05/05/1981. Canal do Grove already been stated by Poizat (1983), 25 years ago, (Ría de Arousa), 17/01/1978, (42° 28’ 32” N; 008° for the Gulf of Marseilles: “From the progressive 58’ 26” W). 2 specimens in sand at a depth of 60 m. alteration of the ecological conditions (lowering Rodel das Figueiras (Ría de Arousa), (42° 28’ 30” of marine hydrodynamism together with the rise N; 008° 57’ 36” W), in Amphioxus sand at depths of the pollution impact) between 1969 and 1977, of 47, 50 and 56 m. 56 specimens: 25/11/1980, in infralittoral and circalittoral zones of the gulf 01/07/1981, 21/10/1981. Ensenada da Lanzada (Ría of Marseilles, originated significant modifications de Pontevedra), 03/08/1982, (42° 25’ 48” N; 008° of the mesopsammic Opisthobranch population: 53’ 38” W). 24 specimens in Amphioxus sand at a mainly generalised change in the frequency of the depth of 10-20 m. Illa de Ons (Ría de Pontevedra), species”.

85 URGORRI, V., DÍAZ-AGRAS, G., BESTEIRO, C. & MONTOTO, G.

Order SACOGLOSSA Von Ihering, 1876 42’ 12” N; 007° 52’ 31” W). 1 specimen collected Suborder PLAKOBRANCHACEA Rang, 1829 on the infralittoral of the interior area of Ría de Family HERMAEIDAE Adams & Adams, 1854 Ortigueira. Distribution in Galicia: This species had been Hermaea bifida (Montagu, 1815) previously quoted on our coasts by Urgorri (1981, as Corambe sp.) and García, Urgorri & López-González Material: Leuseda (Ría de Ferrol), 22/08/1996, (1990), being the specimens from Galicia the same in (43° 27’ 58” N; 008° 16’ 47” W). 1 specimen 5 mm both publications. long, collected on a red algae at a depth of 5 m. Remarks: The present quote of C. testudinaria Distribution in Galicia: The only quote known represents the fourth Iberian locality where it was for this species in Galicia is that from Vigo (Rolán, found and extends its distribution in the Iberian 1983). Peninsula to the north. Remarks: Another 7 specimens of Hermaea sp. are present, collected in the years 1977, 1978 Family Adams & Adams, 1854 and 1979 in other localities of Ría de Ferrol, which presumably belong to this species, but whose correct Okenia aspersa (Alder & Hancock, 1845) identification is still to be confirmed. Material: Canelas (Ría de Ferrol), 24/06/1987, Hermaeopsis variopicta (Costa, 1869) (43° 27´ 50” N; 008° 19´ 44” W). 1 specimen 10 mm long collected on infralittoral bottoms of Amphioxus Material: O Pieiro Pequeno (Ría de Ferrol), sand at a depth of 14 m. 05/05/2007, (43° 27’ 29” N; 008° 20’ 14” W). 1 Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our specimen 7 mm long, on red algae on rocky bottoms coasts, it is the first quote in Galicia. at a depth of 10 m. Remarks: The species of the genus Okenia are Distribution in Galicia: Only known from not very frequent in the Iberian Peninsula. No other Benquerencia (Lugo), (Ortea, 1977a, 1977b; Urgorri species of the genus had been recorded before from & Besteiro, 1983) and from Ría de Vigo (Rolán- the NW peninsular coasts, except for O. mediterranea Álvarez & Rolán, 1989). which was quoted in Vigo by Valdés & Ortea (1995). Remarks: All quotes of this species on our Okenia aspersa, known from some localities of the coasts (Ortea, 1977a, 1977b; Urgorri & Besteiro, British Islands and adjacent coasts of Western Europe, 1983) correspond to an only specimen collected by is one of the least quoted in the Iberian Peninsula, Ortea in Benquerencia (Lugo) and to the quote by only known for being mentioned by Cervera et al. Rolán-Álvarez & Rolán (1989), in which neither the (1991) in Sagres (Portugal). number of specimens nor the locality at Ría de Vigo are specified. Trapania tartanella (Ihering, 1885)

Order NUDIBRANCHIA Blainville, 1814 Material: Viñas (Ría de Ferrol), 01/08/1996 Suborder ANTHOBRANCHIA Minichev, 1970 (43° 27’ 50” N; 008° 19’ 47” W). 34 specimens, but Infraorder DORIDINA Pelseneer, 1894 only 4 collected, the largest 14 mm long; they were Family CORAMBIDAE Bergh, 1871 sampled on the Desmacidon fructicosum on rocky bottoms at a depth of 14 m. Fornelos Corambe testudinaria Fischer, 1889 (Ría de Ferrol), (43° 28’ 02” N; 008° 18’ 49” W), from 19 to 20.5 m deep on rocky bottoms on the Material: Sismundi (Ortigueira), 20/08/1984, (43° sponge Desmacidon fructicosum: 16/05/1991, 14

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specimens, but only 2 collected, the largest 10 Trapania pallida Kress, 1968 mm long; 02/08/1992, 22 specimens, the largest 13 mm long; 05/08/1996, 17 specimens, but only Material: O Basteo (A Coruña), 11/07/2004, (43° 3 collected, the largest 12 mm long; 17/08/1996, 22’ 33” N; 008° 27’ 19” W). 1 specimen 14 mm long, 1 specimen 9.5 mm long. Cu da Raiña (Ría de on red algae on rocky bottoms at a depth of 18 m. Ferrol), 23/08/1992, (43° 27’ 27” N; 008° 17’ 35” Distribution in Galicia: Quoted by Ortea & W). 3 specimens, the largest 19 mm long, collected Urgorri (1981b) and Urgorri & Besteiro (1983, 1984) on a rock on the sponge Desmacidon fructicosum from several localities of Rías Baixas. on shelly gravel bottoms at a depth of 17 m. A Remarks: The quote on bottoms of A Coruña Redonda (Ría de Ferrol), 01/08/1992, (43° 27’ 51” extends its distribution area in Galicia to the north. N; 008° 16’ 06” W). 3 specimens, the largest 21 mm long, collected on a rock on the sponge Desmacidon Family POLYCERIDAE Alder & Hancock, 1845 fructicosum at a depth of 14 m. O Boi (A Coruña), 19/09/2002, (43° 23’ 19” N; 008° 24’ 54” W). 12 Thecacera pennigera (Montagu, 1815) specimens, the largest 15 mm long, grouped on on a rocky wall of a sand channel. Material: Benquerencia (Lugo), 26/06/1983, (43° Distribution in Galicia: Quoted by Urgorri & 33’ 47” N; 007° 10’ 42” W). 1 specimen collected Besteiro (1983), by pers. comm. of Dr. B. Picton, in on an intertidal rocky area. Sismundi (Ortigueira), several localities of the ‘rías’ of Arousa, Pontevedra 20/08/1984, (43° 42’ 12” N; 007° 52’ 31” W). 1 and Vigo. specimen, collected on the infralittoral of the interior Remarks: Trapania tartanella is a locally area of Ría de Ortigueira. Viñas (Ría de Ferrol), abundant species in Galicia, provided it is located 01/08/1996, (43° 27’ 50” N; 008° 19’ 47” W). 1 in the specific habitat it lives in, on the sponge specimen 20 mm long, collected on red algae at a Desmacidon fructicosum; this sponge is to be depth of 14 m on rocky bottoms. found at Ría de Ferrol on infralittoral rocky areas, Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our preferably below the laminarian forest and as far as coasts, it is the first quote in Galicia. the confluence of the rocky area with the sediment, Remarks: This , which so far had not approximately from 17 to 25 m deep. been mentioned in Galicia, is one of the rarest of our coasts, as only three specimens have been collected in Trapania maculata Haefelfinger, 1960 three different localities and with different ecological conditions after 36 years of research. Material: O Boi (A Coruña), 19/09/2002, (43° 23’ 19” N; 008° 24’ 54” W). 2 specimens, the largest Crimora papillata Alder & Hancock, 1862 16 mm long, on sponges on a rocky wall of a sand channel, at a depth of 18 m. Material: Rabo da Porca (Ría de Ferrol), Distribution in Galicia: Quoted by Urgorri & 06/03/1983, (43° 27´ 37” N; 008° 17´ 50” W). 1 Besteiro (1983, 1984) from three localities of Rías specimen collected from a vertical granitic wall at a Baixas and one from Ría de Ferrol. depth of 17 m. O Segaño (Ría de Ferrol), 08/06/2005 Remarks: Although this species is already known (43° 27´ 07” N; 008° 18´ 54” W). 1 specimen 13 from some Galician localities, it is the least frequent mm long collected at a depth of 7 m on bottoms of species of the genus Trapania in Galicia, which makes small stones with great slope and strong current. O its mentioning in the northern end of the tombolo of A Basteo (A Coruña), 11/07/2004, (43° 22’ 33” N; 008° Coruña interesting, since this is an area of open coast 27’ 19” W). 2 specimens, the largest 13 mm long on and not the interior of a ‘ría’ as the previous quotes. the briozoa Pentapora fascialis foliacea on rocky

87 URGORRI, V., DÍAZ-AGRAS, G., BESTEIRO, C. & MONTOTO, G.

Figure 4: A: Discodoris rosi Ortea, 1979. B: planata (Alder & Hancock, 1846). C: Dendrodoris herytra Valdés & Ortea, 1996. D: Tritonia plebeia Johnston, 1828. E: Doto floridicola Simroth, 1888. F: Doto tuberculata Lemche, 1976. G: Armina maculata Rafinesque, 1814. H: Armina tigrina Rafinesque, 1814.

88 ADDITIONS TO THE INVENTORY OF MOLLUSCA OpISTHOBRANCHIA OF GALICIA (NW IBERIAN pENINSULA)

bottoms at a depth of 18 m. m. O Grelle (Ría da Coruña), 18/06/2003, (43° 22’ Distribution in Galicia: Polo et al. (1979) quoted 53” N; 008° 23’ 30” W). 2 specimens, the largest 66 it from the northern coast in Burela (Lugo), Urgorri mm long, on rocky bottoms with small red algae and & Besteiro (1983) from the southwestern coast at Ría incrusting sponges at a depth of 12 m. As Agudelas de Arousa (Pombeiriño) and Rolán-Álvarez & Rolán (A Coruña), (43° 23’ 26” N; 008° 24’ 24” W), on rocky (1989) from Illas Cíes. bottoms with small red and calcareous algae, at a Remarks: Crimora papillata is not a frequent depth of 18 m: 06/04/2003, 1 specimen, 91 mm long; nudibranch on our coasts. Despite being previously 21/11/2004, 2 specimens, the largest 57 mm long. mentioned, the specimens from Ría de Ferrol extend Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our to the northwest coast of Galicia. coasts, with the exception of the quote by Rolán- Álvarez & Rolán (1989) at Illas Cíes. Family CHROMODORIDIDAE Bergh, 1891 Remarks: The species of the genus Hypselodoris are not frequent on the coasts of Galicia, with the Hypselodoris cantabrica Bouchet & Ortea, 1980 exception of H. cantabrica and H. villafranca, which are particularly abundant, despite the statement by Material: Capela do Porto, (Meirás, Valdoviño), Bouchet & Ortea (1980), who point out in the original 30/05/1999, (43° 36’ 53” N; 008° 11’ 45” W). 12 description of the species that this is absent in specimens collected, but more than a hundred Galicia (‘absente sur les côtes de Galice’); the quote observed on the bottom, the largest measuring 75 of H. picta in Burela (Lugo) by Polo et al. (1979, as mm long. In general, they were all the same size, Glossodoris valenciennesi) may present doubts about collected at a depth of 10 m on rocky bottoms at a their identification. In spite of the abundance of H. beaten coast with Laminaria and Cystoseira. A Moa cantabrica on our littoral, there is this only quote by do Segaño (Ría de Ferrol), (43° 27’ 25’’ N; 008° Rolán-Álvarez & Rolán (1989) about their presence 18’ 42’’ W), rocky bottoms with Laminaria sp. and on our coasts, despite being frequently mentioned Leptogorgia lusitanica at a depth of 12 m: 20/10/1985, in popular science articles or reports (e.g. Informe 2 specimens, the largest 45 mm long; 27/10/1985, 3 Oceana, 2009: Cetáceos del área galaico-cantábrica. specimens, the largest 52 mm long. O Segaño (Ría Zonas de importancia para su conservación). de Ferrol), (43° 27’ 03” N; 008° 19’ 12” W), on rocky bottoms with Laminaria sp. from 17 to 20 m deep: Chromodoris luteorosea (Rapp, 1827) 17/08/1988, 7 specimens, the largest 49 mm long; 31/07/1992, 1 specimen 54 mm long; 26/08/1997, 5 Material: O Zorrón (Ría de Ferrol), 19/02/2004, specimens, the largest 46 mm long; 22/05/2002, 8 (43° 27’ 22” N; 008° 20’ 23” W). 1 specimen 17 mm specimens, the largest 55 mm long. Fornelos (Ría de long, on rocky bottoms at a depth of 36 m. As Merloeiras Ferrol), (43° 28’ 02” N; 008° 18’ 49” W), on rocky (Ría de Ares), 27/07/1993, (43° 26’ 24” N; 008° 19‘ 20” bottoms at a depth of 20 m: 24/11/2000, 1 specimen W). 1 specimen 12 mm long, collected at a depth of 30 37 mm long; 12/05/2002, 1 specimen 41 mm long. m on rock. O Grelle (Ría da Coruña), 12/02/2004, (43° Rabo da Porca (Ría de Ferrol), 21/07/2003, (43° 27´ 22’ 53” N; 008° 23’ 30” W). 2 specimens, the largest 37” N; 008° 17´ 50” W); 7 specimens, the largest 43 19 mm long, on the rocky channels that go down onto mm long, collected at a depth of 13 m on bottoms sandy bottoms at a depth of 15 m. of small stones with great slope and strong current. Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our A Moreira (Ría da Coruña), 10/11/2002, (43° 22’ coasts, it is the first quote in Galicia. 30” N; 008° 23’ 17” W). 1 specimen 42 mm long Remarks: C. luteorosea is the most scarce species on rocky bottoms with small algae, with incrusting of the genus in Galicia, being C. krohni and above all sponges and polyclinid Ascidiacea, at a depth of 10 C. purpurea more abundant.

89 URGORRI, V., DÍAZ-AGRAS, G., BESTEIRO, C. & MONTOTO, G.

Cadlina pellucida (Risso, 1826) the 14/01/1979, listed in the Material of the previous paragraph. Material: O Segaño (Ría de Ferrol), 08/09/1985, Remarks: In the specimens of 15/08/1980 and (43° 27’ 05’’ N; 008° 18’ 56’’ W). 1 specimen 12 24/09/1976, it was found that all spicules present in their mm long, collected from a vertical rocky wall with faecal pellets belonged to the sponge Hymeniacidon Laminaria sp. at a depth of 17 m. Fornelos (Ría de sanguinea; the 3 specimens of 14/11/1997 were Ferrol), 23/05/2002, (43° 28’ 02” N; 008° 18’ 49” W). located on the same sponge. Besides, by what has 2 specimens, being the largest 10 mm long on rocky been observed in the localities of Ría de Ferrol, this bottoms at a depth of 19 m. species had always been collected on stones and Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our quays in protected environments, with certain pellitic coasts, with the exception of the quote by Rolán- sedimentation, in areas covered with fucaceous algae Álvarez & Rolán (1989) at Illas Cíes. or masses of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Remarks: This species is by far less frequent than Cadlina laevis, of the same genus, despite occupying Discodoris rosi Ortea, 1979 the same habitat, mainly on the infralittoral rocks under the laminarian forest. Material: Fornelos (Ría de Ferrol), (43° 27’ 59” N; 008° 18’ 48” W): 06/07/1986, 2 specimens, Family Bergh, 1891 the largest 52 mm long, on rocky bottoms with red sponges at a depth of 20 m; 23/08/1997, 1 specimen Discodoris stellifera (Vayssière, 1904) 25 mm long on rocky bottoms at a depth of 17 m; 23/05/2002, 2 specimens, the largest 29 mm long on Material: A Malata (Ría de Ferrol), 14/11/1997, rocky bottoms at a depth of 19 m. O Vispón (Ría de (43° 29’ 23” N; 008° 14’ 57” W). 3 specimens, the Ferrol), (43° 27’ 56” N; 008° 16’ 05” W), on thick largest 38 mm long, collected on Hymeniacidon shelly gravel bottoms, at a depth of 20 and 21 m: sanguinea under Fucus spiralis on the sides of 16/11/2005, 2 specimens, the largest 29 mm long; large stones in muddy intertidal. A Cabana (Ría de 03/12/2009, 1 specimen 10 mm long. A Bestarruza Ferrol), (43° 29’ 12” N; 008° 15’ 29” W), among (Ría de Ferrol), 11/05/2008, (43° 27’ 49” N; 008° the stones of a quay in the inferior level of the 15’ 42” W). 2 specimens, the largest 26 mm long, intertidal: 24/09/1976, 1 specimen 47 mm long, on collected at a depth of 18 m on bottoms of stones a stone of the quay; 15/08/1980, 1 specimen 61 mm covered with very diverse fauna. Punta Herminia long, on Hymeniacidon sanguinea among clusters of (A Coruña), 27/03/2003, (43° 23’ 25” N; 008° 24’ Mytilus galloprovincialis. A Graña (Ría de Ferrol), 02” W). 7 specimens together on red sponges, the 15/02/2008, (43° 28’ 53” N; 008° 15’ 26” W). 11 largest 34 mm long, on a rock at a depth of 15 m. As specimens, the largest 42 mm long, on bottoms of Agudelas (A Coruña), 06/04/2003, (43° 23’ 26” N; sandy mud with numerous stones covered with small 008° 24’ 24” W). 21 specimens, but only 6 collected, algae and fauna, at a depth of 5-7 m. Promontoiro - A the largest 38 mm long, on rocky bottoms with small Barca (Ría de Ferrol), 14/01/1979, (43° 27’ 46” N; 008° red and calcareous algae, at a depth of 18 m. Orzán 13’ 54” W). 7 specimens, the largest 48 mm long, on (A Coruña), 25/04/1982, (43° 22’ 42” N; 008° 24’ 36” the wall of a dolphin, at a depth of 7 m, mainly W). 3 specimens collected on the sponge Microciona covered with Ascidiacea (Phallusia mammillata). ascendens on an intertidal rocky area. Distribution in Galicia: Quoted by Urgorri Distribution in Galicia: This species was quoted & Besteiro (1983; 1984, as Discodoris planata), for the first time at Illa de Ons (Ortea & Urgorri, quotes that correspond to those of A Cabana on the 1979a), this mention was subsequently extended to 24/09/1976 and that of Promontorio - A Barca on Illas Cíes (Urgorri & Besteiro, 1983, pers. comm. B.

90 ADDITIONS TO THE INVENTORY OF MOLLUSCA OpISTHOBRANCHIA OF GALICIA (NW IBERIAN pENINSULA)

Picton; Rolán-Álvarez & Rolán, 1989). Rolán (1983) Porifera, Briozoa and Ascidiacea. records this mentioning by Picton. Remarks: D. rosi is a very frequent species at Family DENDRODORIDIDAE O’Donoghue, 1924 the ‘rías’ of Golfo Ártabro, mainly on the lowest infralittoral rocky areas, from the end of the Dendrodoris herytra Valdés & Ortea, 1996 laminarian forest downwards; many more specimens have been observed than those listed herein, they are Material: Leuseda (Ría de Ferrol), 07/04/1983, very frequently observed making up groups of 5 to 8 (43° 27’ 57” N; 008° 16’ 30” W). 1 specimen 12 mm individuals. long, on a valve on shelly gravel bottoms at a depth of 15 m. Geitodoris planata (Alder & Hancock, 1846) Distribution in Galicia: The only mention of this species on our coasts corresponds to the quote of Illas Material: A Graña (Ría de Ferrol), 19/11/2010, (43° Cíes (Rolán-Álvarez & Rolán, 1989; Rolán, Otero & 28’ 43” N; 008° 15’ 35” W). 3 specimens, the largest 26 Rolán-Álvarez (1989, as D. grandiflora). mm long, in the sea water tank of the Station of Marine Remarks: This is a little frequent species on the Biology of A Graña. A Redonda (Ría de Ferrol), (43° northern Iberian littoral; the present mention extends 27’ 46” N; 008° 16’ 10” W), first infralittoral levels the distribution area of Galicia to the north. (0-1 m deep) under stones covered with sponges: 02/11/1978, 1 specimen 27 mm; 31/12/1978, 1 specimen Suborder Willan & Morton, 1984 25 mm long. O Baño (Ría de Ferrol), 22/08/1986, (43° Infraorder DENDRONOTINA Sars, 1878 27’ 39” N; 008° 15’ 59” W). 1 specimen 28 mm long, Family TRITONIIDAE Lamarck, 1809 collected on a stone covered with algae, at a depth of 9 m. Ría de Ferrol, 14/11/1997, (43° 28’ 15” N; 008° 15’ Tritonia plebeia Johnston, 1828 09” W). 1 specimen 12 mm long, dredged on shelly gravel bottoms at a depth of 8 m in the central area of Material: A Redonda (Ría de Ferrol), 20/08/1986, the ‘ría’. (43° 27’ 52” N; 008° 16’ 15” W). 8 specimens, the Distribution in Galicia: Quoted by Urgorri & largest 12 mm long, collected at a depth of 20 m on the Besteiro (1983; 1984), quotes that correspond to those basal part of a colony of Alcyonium digitatum located of A Redonda on the 02/11/1978 and 31/12/1978, listed on a rocky wall. in the Material of the previous paragraph. Distribution in Galicia: It has been quoted Remarks: The specimens mentioned above match from several localities of Rías Baixas by Urgorri & up with the descriptions made by Cervera et al. Besteiro (1983) and in an imprecise way by Rolán (1985), Ortea (1990) and Valdés (2002), with the end (1983) in Vigo. of the gills and in white, their backs Remarks: The present mention corresponds to the covered with small tubercles and a dorso-lateral northermost Iberian quote, extending its distribution arrangement of the darker spots; however, some area in Galicia to the north and being also one of the specimens are darker than others depending on the few quotes from the Iberian Peninsula. size of their dark brown spots, which are larger in the specimens with large size. Geitodoris planata Family DOTOIDAE Gray, 1853 was always collected in less protected environments with higher hydrodynamics than those inhabited by Doto floridicola Simroth, 1888 Discodoris stellifera (vide supra); they are bottoms of small stones covered with small algae, whose inferior Material: Viñas (Ría de Ferrol), 01/01/1996, (43° surface is colonized by incrusting animals, mainly 27´ 50” N; 008° 19´ 47” W). 2 specimens 6 mm long,

91 URGORRI, V., DÍAZ-AGRAS, G., BESTEIRO, C. & MONTOTO, G.

Figure 5: A: Flabellina affinis (Gmelin, 1791). B: Favorinus blianus Lemche & Thompson, 1974. C: Babakina anadoni (Ortea, 1979). D: Cerberilla bernadettae Tardy, 1965. E: Eubranchus linensis García-Gómez, Cervera & García, 1990. F: Pseudovermis papillifer Kowalevsky, 1901. G: gobioophaga Calado & Urgorri, 2002. H: Cuthona nana (Alder & Hancock, 1842).

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collected at a depth of 14 m on rocky bottoms on specimens collected so far were on the hydrozoa the hydrozoa Aglaophenia kirchenpaueri. Fornelos Sertularella gayi located on the lower parts of (Ría de Ferrol), (43° 28’ 02” N; 008° 18’ 49” W): rocks and stones in areas with a certain pellitic 05/08/1996, 6 specimens, the largest 5.5 mm long, sedimentation. collected at a depth of 20.5 m on rocky bottoms on A. kirchenpaueri; 28/08/1996, 2 specimens 6.5 and Infraorder ARMININA Odhner, 1934 7 mm long, collected on A. kirchenpaueri on rocky Family ARMINIDAE Iredale & O’Donoghue, 1923 bottoms at a depth of 19 m. Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our Armina maculata Rafinesque, 1814 coasts, it is the first quote in Galicia. Remarks: This species is quite rare in Galicia, Material: Canal do Grove (Ría de Arousa), being the northernmost Iberian quote; it is much more 14/11/1990, (42° 27’ 50’’ N; 008° 58’ 14’’ W). 11 abundant on the coast of Arrabida (Portugal), from specimens, the largest 171 mm long, collected at where we have several specimens. a depth of 60 m on maërl bottoms with Veretillum cynomorium and Pteroides griseum. Doto tuberculata Lemche, 1976 Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our coasts, it is the first quote in Galicia. Material: A Redonda (Ría de Ferrol), 03/03/1992, Remarks: The presence of this species is bound (43° 27’ 52” N; 008° 16’ 15” W). 1 specimen 13 to that of the Pennatulacea Veretillum cynomorium on mm long at a depth of 9 m on rocky bottoms on which it feeds. Sertularella gayi. Fornelos (Ría de Ferrol), (43° 28’ 02” N; 008° 18’ 49” W), on rocky bottoms on the Armina tigrina Rafinesque, 1814 hydrozoa Sertularella gayi from 16 to 20 m deep: 20/07/2005, 6 specimens from 4 to 6.5 mm long; Material: Canal do Grove (Ría de Arousa), 22/07/2005, 12 specimens from 4.5 to 6.2 mm long; 14/11/1990, (42° 27’ 50’’ N; 008° 58’ 14’’ W). 7 19/08/2005, 2 specimens 8.5 mm long; 04/01/2006, 1 specimens from 34 to 54 mm long, collected at a specimen 7 mm long; 10/01/2006, 1 specimen 6.5 mm depth of 60 m on a bottom of maërl with Veretillium long. Barbeira (Ría de Ferrol), 11/04/2006, (43° 28’ cynomorium and Pteroides griseum. 08” N; 008° 19’ 07” W). 4 specimens, the largest 6.5 Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our mm long, collected on Sertularella gayi at a depth of coasts, it is the first quote in Galicia. 15 m on muddy bottoms with some loose stones with Remarks: As A. maculata, the presence of this several species of hydrozoa. Castelo de San Felipe (Ría species is bound to that of Pennatulacea; however, it de Ferrol), 29/08/2006, (43° 27’ 46” N; 008° 16’ 50” could not be proved if it fed on the aforementioned W). 4 specimens, the largest 6 mm long, collected on Alcyonaria, but presumably it does. Sertularella gayi on rocky bottoms at a depth of 14 m. Distribution in Galicia: The only quote of this Infraorder AEOLIDINA Odhner, 1934 species known so far in Galicia (Ortea & Urgorri, Family FLABELLINIDAE Bergh, 1889 1978) is that of a specimen from Reinante (Lugo). Remarks: All quotes of D. tuberculata in Galicia Flabellina affinis (Gmelin, 1791) by Ortea & Urgorri (1978), Fernández-Ovies (1981), Fernández-Ovies & Ortea (1981) and Urgorri & Material: Fornelos (Ría de Ferrol), 22/11/1998, Besteiro (1983, 1984), correspond to the same animal (43° 28’ 02” N; 008° 18’ 49” W). 3 specimens, the from Reinante; this species is not rare in Galicia, largest 18 mm long, collected at a depth of 17 m on but lives in a very specific habitat. The numerous rocky bottoms.

93 URGORRI, V., DÍAZ-AGRAS, G., BESTEIRO, C. & MONTOTO, G.

Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our specimen from Pedras Negras; the quote by Ortea coasts, it is the first quote in Galicia. (1977a) corresponds to western Asturias. Remarks: This nudibranch is rare in Galicia and unknown in the NW and N of the Iberian Peninsula Babakina anadoni (Ortea, 1979) (Cervera et al., (2004), being these specimens the northernmost Iberian quote. Material: A Bestarruza (Ría de Ferrol), 18/11/2007, (43° 27’ 49” N; 008° 15’ 42” W). 1 Family Bergh, 1889 specimen 26 mm long, collected at a depth of 16 m on bottoms of stones covered with very diverse fauna. O Favorinus blianus Lemche & Thompson, 1974 Cabalo (Ría da Coruña), 29/09/2002, (43° 23’ 05” N; Material: Fornelos (Ría de Ferrol), 09/08/1992, 008° 23’ 26” W). 1 specimen 38 mm long, on a rock (43° 28’ 02” N; 008° 18’ 49” W). 11 specimens, the with small red algae and Corynactis viridis under the largest 16 mm long, collected at a depth of 20 m on laminarian forest at a depth of 10 m. San Vicente do rocky bottoms on red algae, where numerous clutches Mar (O Grove), 03/12/1982, (42° 27’ 10” N; 008° 55’ of Aeolidacea were present. 25” W). 1 specimen 21.5 mm long, under a stone in a Distribution in Galicia: It was mentioned for the granitic tray covered on the surface with Ulva sp., in first time by Ortea & Urgorri (1981b) from Pedras the first infralittoral levels. Negras (Pontevedra); Urgorri & Besteiro (1983) Distribution in Galicia: The only mention of record this same specimen in their inventory, another this species on our coasts corresponds to 3 specimens one from Illa de Ons and a third one from Pombeiriño from the entrance of Ría de Vigo: Illas Cíes and Cabo (Ría de Arousa). de Home (Rolán, Rolán-Álvarez & Ortea, 1991). Remarks: The specimens from Fornelos extend Remarks: This species of unquestionable Atlantic their distribution in Galicia to the north as far distribution in the Iberian Peninsula, is quite rare in as Golfo Ártabro. This quote corresponds to the Galicia. Every time it was observed, its individuals northernmost mention of the species in the Iberian were isolated and could not be related to a specific Peninsula. Outside our coasts, it is only known from habitat or prey species. the coast of Arrabida (Gavaia et al., 2003). Family AEOLIDIIDAE D’Orbigny, 1834 Pruvotfolia pselliotes (Labbé, 1923) Aeolidiella glauca (Alder and Hancock, 1845) Material: Ría de Ferrol, 23/06/1993, (43° 28’ 20’’ N; 008° 15’ 02’’ W). 1 specimen 20 mm long on the Material: San Cristovo (Ría de Ferrol), 15.09.1977 concavity of a valve from shelly gravel bottoms at a (43° 27’ 56’’ N; 008° 18’ 06’’ W). 1 specimen of 15 depth of 12 m. mm at a depth of 4.5 m under a stone in the area of the Distribution in Galicia: Ortea & Urgorri (1981a) laminarian forest. quoted it for the first time in Galicia from Pedras Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our Negras (Pontevedra) and Rolán-Álvarez & Rolán coasts, it is the first quote in Galicia. (1989 as P. pselloides) mentioned it from Illas Cíes. Remarks: Of the species of the genus Aeolidiella This specimen from Ferrol corresponds to the third present on our coasts, A. glauca is by far less frequent mention, extending its distribution in Galicia as far than A. sanguinea and A. alderi. as Golfo Ártabro. Remarks: This species was mentioned in Galicia Cerberilla bernadettae Tardy, 1965 by Ortea & Urgorri (1981a) and Urgorri & Besteiro (1983) but both quotes correspond to the same Material: Ría de Ferrol, 08/08/1987, (43° 28’

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10’’ N; 008° 14’ 47’’ W). 2 specimens 5 mm long Family PSEUDOVERMIDAE Thiele, 1931 on muddy shelly gravel at a depth of 15 m. Ría de Ferrol, 25/08/1987 (43° 28’ 10’’ N; 008° 12’ 43’’ W). 1 Pseudovermis papillifer Kowalevsky, 1901 specimen 11 mm long on mud at a depth of 8 m. Ría de Ares, from 01/11/1987 to 31/07/1996 (43° 22’ 57’’ Material: O Baño (Ría de Ferrol), 18/11/2007, N - 43° 25’ 18’’ N; 008° 13’ 29’’ W - 008° 17’ 32’’ W), (43° 27’ 47” N; 008° 15’ 57” W). 1 specimen 3.5 mm at a depth from 10 to 26 m on bottoms of muddy sand, long on a slightly muddy shelly gravel bottom at a mud and silty sand. 29 specimens, the largest 8.5 mm depth of 18 m. long, all fixed together with the sediment. Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our coasts, it is the first quote in Galicia. coasts, it is the first quote in Galicia. Remarks: Urgorri (1981) mistakenly mentions Remarks: This species presents, on our coasts, P. papillifer for Galicia, which was subsequently a shallow digging habit on the infralittoral bottoms described (Urgorri, Cobo & Besteiro, 1991) as the of muddy sand and sandy mud, with moderate values new species Pseudovermis artabrensis, Urgorri, Cobo of organic matter, in which the anemone Edwardsia & Besteiro, 1991. sp. is often present. Dr. Cervera was informed of the presence of this species at the ‘rías’ of Golfo Ártabro, Family Iredale & O’Donoghue, 1923 who included the quote in Cervera et al., (2004) as a pers. comm. Calma glaucoides (Alder & Hancock, 1854)

Family EUBRANCHIDAE Odhner, 1934 Material: Burela (Lugo), 18/05/1999, (43° 38’ 50” N; 007° 20’ 35” W). 8 specimens, one on a spawn of Eubranchus linensis García-Gómez, Cervera & Lepadogaster lepadogaster and 7 on another spawn García, 1990 of Lepadogaster candollei. Ría de Ferrol, 03/06/2004, (43° 28’ 15” N; 008° 15’ 09” W). 2 specimens 6 mm Material: O Pereiro (Ría de Ferrol), 20/02/1987, long, dredged on gravel bottoms at a depth of 8 m in (43° 28’ 01” N; 008° 16’ 15” W). 2 specimens 10 the central area of the ‘ría’. mm long on the Hydrozoa Halecium sp. on rocky Distribution in Galicia: Only quoted by Calado bottoms at a depth of 9 m. San Felipe (Ría de Ferrol), & Urgorri (2002). 22/08/2007, (43° 27’ 47” N; 008° 18’ 57” W). 1 Remarks: Calma glaucoides was mistakenly specimen 10 mm long, on rocky bottoms at a depth of quoted by Urgorri & Besteiro (1983, 1984); Calado 18 m. Punta Herminia (A Coruña), 27/03/2003, (43° & Urgorri (2002) subsequently proved that such 23’ 25” N; 008° 24’ 02” W). 2 specimens together on specimens belonged to a new species: Calma the hydraria Halecium sp., the largest 11 mm long, on gobioophaga, being these the only quotes (Burela a rock at a depth of 15 m. and Ría de Ferrol) known at present. Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our coasts, it is the first quote for Galicia. Calma gobioophaga Calado & Urgorri, 2002 Remarks: These specimens match up with the chromatic model of the original description (García- Material: A Cabana (Ría de Ferrol), 05/08/1978, Gómez, Cervera & García, 1990), identification that (43° 29’ 10” N; 008° 15’ 29” W). 1 specimen (Paratype was subsequently corroborated by Dr. Cervera, who 2) 4 mm long at a depth of 2 m on unidentified fish included the quote in Cervera et al., (2004) as a spawn; deposited at the Museo de Historia Natural pers. comm. It also corresponds to the northernmost ‘Luis Iglesias’ (MCNS), Santiago de Compostela, mention of the species. Spain, with the registration number MCNS-5MO.

95 URGORRI, V., DÍAZ-AGRAS, G., BESTEIRO, C. & MONTOTO, G.

Cambados (Ría de Arousa), 27/07/1979, (43° 31’ 17” Galicia or any other locality of the Iberian Peninsula N; 008° 49’ 18” W). 58 specimens (type series of (Cervera et al., 2004), the absence of previous Galicia), the largest 10 mm long, collected at a depth mentions may be due to the specific habitat it lives of 3 m under the stones of a breakwater covered with in: on Hydractinia echinata which covers the shells spawns of Gobius niger. Leuseda (Ría de Ferrol), occupied by the small and medium sized hermit crab 19/08/1979, (43° 28’ 03” N; 008° 16’ 38” W). 2 Pagurus bernhardus. It is not easy to detect in situ specimens (type series of Galicia), the largest 6.5 mm the presence of C. nana on the hydraria, as its cerata long, at a depth of 8 m, on bottoms of muddy sand, on may be mistaken for the tentacles of the polyps. By a tube of the Polychaeta Chaetopterus variopedatus studying the shells covered with H. echinata under covered with the hydrozoa Antennella secundaria stereoscopic microscope, not only can the nudibranch with numerous spawns of Doto sp. be distinguished, but also its spawn in the shape of a Distribution in Galicia: Quoted by Urgorri & cord with its eggs grouped together like rosary beads. Besteiro (1983, 1984, both as C. glaucoides) and Calado & Urgorri (2002). DISCUSSION Remarks: As it was previously commented, the specimens listed in the Material were mistakenly listed The systematic studies have been given as C. glaucoides by Urgorri & Besteiro (1983, 1984); a boost in the last decades, not only due to the therefore, they all constitute the part of the type series use of new techniques and instruments, but also collected in Galicia and the specimen of 05/08/1978 due to a more modern conception than the mere is Paratype 2; the type series Material from Galicia descriptions of external anatomy of the animals. is deposited in the collection of Victoriano Urgorri at New species are described based on observations the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain). in vivo, with morphological criteria, external and internal, reproductive and trophic and sometimes Family TERGIPEDIDAE Thiele, 1931 primarily distinguished by ecological criteria (Calado & Urgorri, 2002). The revisions and monographs of Cuthona nana (Alder & Hancock, 1842) genera and other superior taxonomic categories are made with wide collections of animals from different Material: San Amede (Ría de Ares), 27/08/1985, geographical areas and to a great extent they are (43° 23’ 23” N; 008° 16’ 15” W). 2 specimens on already based on morphological or morphological- Hydractinia echinata located on shells occupied molecular phylogenetic analyses (Valdés, 2002). by Pagurus bernhardus on muddy sand bottoms at Undoubtedly, systematics is a formative Science of a depth of 16 m. A Graña (Ría de Ferrol), (43° 28’ continuous learning, so wide that it may go further 44” N; 008° 15’ 33” W), 8 specimens collected on than the length of the scientific life of any researcher; Hydractinia echinata located on shells occupied by it is complex, difficult and to a certain extent elitist, as Pagurus bernhardus on mud bottoms at a depth of those who do not have this capacity, are limited in the 11-12 m: 13/09/1985, 16/02/1987, 26/03/1994. Rabo da right understanding of biodiversity. Due to its inherent Porca (Ría de Ferrol), 11/05/1987 (43° 27’ 27’’ N; 008° difficulty, it is sometimes disdained for those who do 18’ 15’’ W). 3 specimens on Hydractinia echinata not know it, but the ecological, and evolutionary value with Pagurus bernhardus on gravel bottoms, mud and even the value as heritage that the knowledge of and shells at a depth of 16 m. biodiversity has recently won, has given Science its Distribution in Galicia: So far unknown on our worth in a way it had never had before. coasts, it is the first quote in Galicia. Remarks: Cuthona nana is not a rare species Therefore, the renewed importance of inventories on our littoral despite not being mentioned so far in of species living in different environments and specific

96 ADDITIONS TO THE INVENTORY OF MOLLUSCA OpISTHOBRANCHIA OF GALICIA (NW IBERIAN pENINSULA)

geographical areas, is unquestionable to document colonies are covered with a thin film of very thin mud biodiversity. This allows us to have a more accurate which makes the animal practically indiscernible. view of the functioning of benthonic communities, to know how far a single species can colonize an Not many other records of Asperpina loricata and area and how big and uneven the areas of high or Microhedyle glandulifera apart from those presented low biodiversity are. Galicia is a geographical area, by Cobo (1985) are provided herein, but the inclusion which needs some faunistic studies and analyses that of these species is due to a double reason that had to can give a real view of the dimension of biodiversity, be clarified. Arnaud et al. (1986) did not collect or which is why contributions as these presented in this study any specimens from Galicia as their mention article are so important. was taken from the dissertation of Cobo (1984); besides, the quotes by Cobo (1985) went unnoticed as As a whole, the 36 species of Opisthobranchia they were published in a small popular science book. quoted correspond to: 1 Cephalaspidea, 1 Anaspidea, 2 Acochlidiomorpha, 2 Sacoglossa, 14 Nudibranchia With this aim, the mention of Calma glaucoides Anthobranchia, 16 Nudibranchia Cladobranchia, of and C. gobioophaga, species recently published by which 3 are Dendronotina, 2 Arminina and 11 Aeolidina. Calado & Urgorri (2002), is included herein. In this Of these, 13 species are quoted for the first time in article, C. gobioophaga is described as a new species, Galicia, of which there was no record on our coasts: based on specimens from Portugal and Galicia, but Gastropteron rubrum, Okenia aspersa, Thecacera the Galician specimens prior to 1983 were quoted pennigera, Chromodoris luteorosea, Doto floridicola, by Urgorri & Besteiro (1983, 1984) as C. glaucoides, Armina maculata, Armina tigrina, Flabellina affinis, which is why it was important to clarify which of Aeolidiella glauca, Cerberilla bernadettae, Eubranchus these belonged to the first or second species. linensis, Pseudovermis papillifer and Cuthona nana. In general, they are all rare or little frequent species Discodoris stellifera and Geitodoris planata were on our coasts, with the exception of Cuthona nana included with an identical clarifying intention. The and Cerberilla bernadettae, which are present in very specimens captured prior to 1983 were all quoted by specific habitats that make them go unnoticed. Urgorri & Besteiro (1983, 1984) as Discodoris planata, which is why it was important to clarify which of those Of the 23 remaining species that are mentioned quotes corresponded to G. planata and which to D. in this article, Aplysia fasciata, Hermaea bifida, stellifera. Besides, new records of both species are Hypselodoris cantabrica, Cadlina pellucida, incorporated and information on the specific habitat Dendrodoris herytra, Doto tuberculata and Babakina that both occupy at the Ría de Ferrol is provided, as anadoni are quoted for the second time on our coasts. well as the diet of D. stellifera, which feeds on the Babakina anadoni is the rarest presence, as such a Porifera Hymeniacidon sanguinea proved by analysis striking animal does not easily go unnoticed and the of the spicules contained in its faecal pellets. scarce specimens observed, were isolated individuals that could not be assigned to a specific habitat. Of the rest of species: Hermaeopsis variopicta, In contrast, Hypselodoris cantabrica and Doto Corambe testudinaria, Trapania tartanella, Trapania tuberculata are very frequent, at least at the ‘rías’ of maculata, Trapania pallida, Crimora papillata, Golfo Ártabro; H. cantabrica is plentiful on rocky Discodoris rosi, Tritonia plebeia, Favorinus blianus bottoms, beaten infralittorals under the laminarian and Pruvotfolia pselliotes, new localities are provided forest and D. tuberculata in deeper rocky areas of less which extend their distribution on the Galician coasts, beaten environments, always in the lowest areas of despite being previously quoted in Galicia and little the rocks under the hydrozoa Sertularella gayi whose frequent or rare species.

97 URGORRI, V., DÍAZ-AGRAS, G., BESTEIRO, C. & MONTOTO, G.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Boletín Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 20 (1-4): 1-122. The authors wish to thank all present and past Cervera, J.L., García-Gómez, J.C. & García, F.J. (1985). members of the Research Team 1275 of the USC for Redescription of Geitodoris planata (Alder and their help in the collection of samples, especially Hancock, 1846) (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia). Journal Dr. Juan Moreira, Marcos P. Señarís and Marcos of Molluscan Studies, 51: 198-204. Abad. Many thanks to Julia García Carracedo for Cervera, J.L., López-González, P.J. & García-Gómez, J.C. the English version of the manuscript. This article (1991). Taxonomic and geographical range data on two is a contribution to the projects: XUGA20005B95, rare species of Okenia (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia: XUGA20006B98, PGIDT01PXI20008PR, CTM2004- Doridacea) from the eastern Atlantic. The Veliger, 34: 00740, A Selva-08, PGIDIT05PXIC20001P and 56-66. PGIDIT07PXB000120PR. Cervera, J.L., Templado, J., García-Gómez, J.C., Ballesteros, M., Ortea, J., García, F.J., Ros, J. & REFERENCES Luque, A.A. (1988). Catálogo actualizado y comentado de los Opistobranquios (Mollusca, Gastropoda) de la Arnaud, P.M., Poizat, C. & Salvini-Plawen L.v. (1986). Península Ibérica, Baleares y Canarias, con algunas Marine-interstitial Gastropoda (including one referencias a Ceuta y la Isla de Alborán. Iberus, Supl. freshwater interstitial species). In: Botosaneanu, L. 1: 1-84. (ed.), Stygofauna Mundi. Brill/Backhuys, Leiden: 153- Cobo, F. (1984). Contribución al estudio de los 161 pp. Opistobranquios mesopsámmicos de Galicia. Bouchet, P. & Ortea, J. (1980). Quelques Chromodorididae Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. (Memoria bleus (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchiata) para optar al grado de Licenciatura en Biología): 150 de l’Atlantique oriental. Annales de l’Institut pp. (Unpublished). Oceanographique, Paris, 56 (2): 117-125. Cobo, F. (1985). Moluscos Opistobranquios de la fauna Cadée, G.C. (1968). Molluscan biocoenoses and intersticial de las rías gallegas. Celulosas de thanatocoenoses in the Ría de Arosa, Galicia, Spain. E. Pontevedra. Pontevedra: 29 pp. J. Brill. Leiden. 121 pp. Fernández-Ovies, C.L. (1981). Contribución a la clasificación Calado, G. & Urgorri, V. (2002). A new species of Calma morfológica de las puestas de los opistobranquios Alder & Hancock, 1855 (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Boletín de Ciencias de la with a review of the genus. Journal of Molluscan Naturaleza del Instituto de Estudios Asturianos, 28: Studies, 68: 311–317. 3-12. Carmona-Zalvide, P. & Urgorri, V. (1999a). Catálogo Fernández-Ovies, C.L. & Ortea, J. (1981). Contribución anotado de los Moluscos Poliplacóforos del litoral al conocimiento de las masas de huevos de los de Galicia (NO de España). Nova Acta Científica opistobranquios (Molusca: Gastropoda). 1. El género Compostelana (Bioloxía), 9: 259-277. Doto Oken, 1815 en el Norte y Noroeste de España. Carmona-Zalvide, P. & Urgorri, V. (1999b). New anatomical Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad data and redescription of the Mollusca Polyplacophora de Oviedo (Serie Biología), 22: 41-51. Lepidochitona iberica Kaas and Van Belle, 1981. García, F.J., Urgorri, V. & López-González, P.J. (1990). Argonauta, 13 (1): 27-30. Redescripción de Corambe testudinaria Fischer, 1889 Cervera, J.L., Calado, G., Gavaia, C., Malaquias, M.A.E., (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia). Bollettino Malacologico, Templado, J., Ballesteros, M., García-Gómez, J.C. & 26 (5-9): 113-124. Megina, C. (2004). A annotated and updated checklist García-Gómez, J.C., Cervera, J.L. & García, F.J. (1990). of the opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Description of Eubranchus linensis new species Spain and Portugal (including islands and archipelagos). (Nudibranchia), with remarks on diauly in nudibranchs.

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Rolán, E., Otero, J. & Rolán-Álvarez, E. (1989). Moluscos de from Galicia, Spain. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 57: la Ría de Vigo. II. Poliplacóforos, Bivalvos, Escafópodos 189-197. y Cefalópodos. Thalassas, Anexo 2: 1-276. Valdés, A. (2002). A phylogenetic analysis and systematic Rolán, E., Rolán-Álvarez E. & Ortea J. (1991). Sobre revision of the cryptobranch dorids (Mollusca, la captura en Galicia (NO de España) de Tritonia Nudibranchia, Anthobranchia). Zoological Journal of hombergi Cuvier, 1803 y Babakina anadoni Ortea, the Linnean Society, 136: 535-636. 1979 comb. nov. (Mollusca: Nudibranchia). Iberus, 10 Valdés, A. & Ortea, J. (1995). Revised taxonomy of some (1): 113-117. species of the genus Okenia Menke, 1830 (Mollusca: Rolán-Álvarez, E. & Rolán, E. (1989). Moluscos Nudibranchia) from the Atlantic Ocean, with the Opistobranquios de la Ría de Vigo. Nuevas Citas. description of a new species. The Veliger, 38 (3): 223- Thalassas, 7: 91-94. 234. Ros, J. (1975). Opistobranquios (Gastropoda: ) del litoral ibérico. Investigación Pesquera, 39 (2): 269- 372. Trigo, J.E. & Otero-Schmitt, J.J. (1987). Contribución al conocimiento de los Moluscos Marinos de la Ría de Pontevedra e Isla de Ons. Iberus, 7 (1): 121-128. Troncoso, J.S., Feal, F., Reboreda, P. & Urgorri, V. (1990). Distribución y Variación estacional de los moluscos en el horizonte de Mastocarpus stellatus en las Costas de Galicia. Iberus, 9 (1-2): 253-260. Troncoso, J.S. & Urgorri, V. (1990). Nuevos datos sobre la distribución de seis especies de moluscos en las costas de Galicia. Iberus, 9 (1-2): 247-252. Troncoso, J.S. & Urgorri, V. (1991). Los moluscos intermareales de la Ría de Ares y Betanzos (Galicia, España). Nova Acta Científica Compostelana (Bioloxía), 2: 83-89 Troncoso, J.S., Urgorri, V., Parapar. J. & Lastra, M. (1988). Moluscos infralitorales de sustratos duros de la Ría de Ares y Betanzos (Galicia, Spain). Iberus, 8 (2): 53-58. Urgorri, V. (1981). Opistobranquios de Galicia. Tesis doctoral. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela (Spain): 569 pp. (Unpublished). Urgorri, V. & Besteiro, C. (1983). Inventario de los moluscos Opistobranquios de Galicia. Investigación Pesquera, 47 (1): 3-28. Urgorri, V. & Besteiro, C. (1984). La alimentación de los Moluscos Nudibranquios de Galicia. Iberus, 4: 51-58. Urgorri, V. & Besteiro, C. (1986). Opistobranquios nuevos para el litoral ibérico colectados en Galicia. II. Iberus 6 (1): 95-99. Urgorri, V., Cobo, F. & Besteiro, C. (1991). Pseudovermis artabrensis (Nudibranchia: Aeolidoidea), a new species

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