On tire of the Ttieristicus. 501

39. RALLUSCERULESCENS Gm.; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiii. p. 25 (1894). a, 6 ad. N’gong, Mdsailaud, Nov. 30, 1898. 40. CHEXCKEX (Liuu.) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiii. p. 82 (1891). a, $’ imm. Nairobi, hlasailaiid, June 2, 1899. I havc seen occasioiial spccimens of this specics iu No- vember and April.

41. TYMPANISTRIATIMPANISTRIA (Temm.) ; Salvad. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxi. p. 504 (1893). No. 143, 9. N’gong, Dec. 29, 1898. [The presence of somc rufous secondaries, mottled with black vermiculations, indicates that the specimen is imma- ture, and the forehead and chest are grey, with ochreous margins to the feathers of the latter part.--It. B. S.]

42. FRANCOLINUSHILDEBKASDTI Cab. ; Sharpe, , 1892, p. 552. a, 8 ad. N’goug, Masailand, Nov. 30, 1898. This Francolin is of much widcr distribution than F. schuetti, and, aloug with Pternisfes infuscatus, may be found both on the bare plains autl in dense forest. 43. PHANCOLINUSSCIIUETTI Cah. ; Ogilvie Grant, Cat. B. Brit. hlus. xxii. p. 170 (1893). a, 9 ad. N’gong, Masailand, Oct. 2, 1898. Nestiug. Bill and fect coral-rcd. Very commou in jungle and in the farms adjacent to forest. I have never seen this on the open Imrc plains.

XXIX.-On the Ibises of the Genuv ‘l‘heristicus. By ‘1’. SAL\~ADOKI,P.M.Z.S. [Plates IX. & X.] WHENSignor k’csta and I were working together at the great Ecuadorian collection made by the former, we easily recognized that the specimens of the genus collected by Pesta at Vallrvicioso, not far from the paramos SEH. VI1.-VOL. VI. 2x ,502 Count T. Salvadori on th of Cotopari, belonged to thc distinct species which had becn described by Graf von Bcrlcpsch and JI. Stolxmanti under thc name of T. brunickii * from spccimcus collcctcd at Juuin, niaraynioc, arid l’ariayacu, on tlic Iiiglilmds of l’cru. On tiiruing to thc British Muscnrn Cataloguc 1 wa3 mucbli surprised to find that Dr. Sharpe -f had failed to rccogxiizc T. brunicbii as a distinct species, unc1c.r tlic inipmsioii that the differcnces of plumage relied on by the describers for the separation of T. hruniclii from T. nielunopis werc only those of agc or season. Moreover, I soon found out tlint the sgnonymy and gcographical ranges attributed l)y llr. Sharpe to thc two specics T. nielonopis and 7’. ccrudatirs rccognizcd by him, required rcvisioir. In order to settle scvcral questions concerning the spccics of the genus Theristicvs.I addrcssed ruysclf also to Dr. Finsclr, reqrrcstiug him to give me sonic iiiformatiorr as rcgards the specimens in thc Leydcu Museum, which had beeti attributed 1)p nr. Schlcgel 1: to a single species, T. melanopis, while it appearetl to iiic tliat they must clearly bclong to two distinct species. Dr. Finsch took the opportunity of his researches to publish the result of his enquiries in a papcr uxidor the title ‘‘ Uebcr die Arteu dcr Gattung Theristicus Wagl.” $. Ilr. Finsch also recognized in this paper tliat 7’. hrnuicX,ii \\as a species distinct from 1’. melanopi.r, and, I)csidcs tliat, described what he believed to bct a IICW allied spccics under thc name 7’. columhiunus. Hut it secius that both Dr. Sharpe and Dr. Finsch have ignored the very accuratc notes 1)s Graf )’on Bcrlcpsch If.Gtolzmann on the synonymy and geographical distributiori of ’1’. nzefuiiopis and T. c’uudutus, publishcd in thcir paper ‘‘ 1~Csultntsdw Rechcrches ornithologiques faitcs au Pdtm par Jeau Kaliuowski ” 11. ‘l‘his is thc prescnt statc of things as regards the species

* Ibis, lt.94, p. 404. t Cat. B. Brit. Nua. xxvi. p. 23. $ Nus. des Pnys-Bus, Zh,p. 7. 5 Note3 from the Legden Museum, ~ol.xxi. pp. 23-26 (169:)). 1 P. z. s. lbW, pp. 322-388, Ibises of the Genus Theristicus. 503 of the genus Theristicw, thc subject of which I propose to treat in this paper. As already stated, Graf voii Berlepsch and M. Stolzmauu, in their paper meritioiied above, havc treated of the differences between T. mela)wpis aiid T. caudalus, and of their geo- graphical distribution. They have showu that the first species inhabits the southern and western parts of South America, from Magellariia and Patagonia to the western side of the Andes in Chile arid Pcru as far north as Ica and Chorillos, while the other species inhabits the northern and casteru parts of South America from Cayenne and British Guiana wcstward to Venezuela and Colombia, and south- ward to Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, aiid the uortheru part of the Argentine Republic. To the two Hpecics already mentioned must be added a third, Then’sticus branickii Berl. et Stolzm., peculiar to the highlands of Peru and Ecuador, which, so far as we know at present, extends from Pitumarca, near Tiuta, in Peru, to Vallevicioso in Ecuador. Besides these, as already mentioned, Dr. Finscli has dcscribetl quitc recently a Theristicus columbianus, from a specimen contained in the Leydcri Museum, received froin the Parisian dealer Deyrolle, as coming from Colombia, but without any collector’s name. Dr. Pitisch observed that 110 species of the genus Theristicus was kuown from Colombia, previously to his publication; a statement uot correct, as Berlepsch aud Stolzmann in 1892 had already mentioned specimens of the genus Theristicus from Colombia as contained in the Berlepscii Museum, wliich had beeu identi- fied with T. caudatrrs. Graf von Berlepsch has very kindly seut me for inspcction these specimeus, one of which is from Antioquia, aud also two from Venezuela, col- lected by Mr. G. K. Cherrie at a place named Altagracia. These specimens from Colombia and from Venezuela do not at all show the characters attributed by Dr. Finscli to his T. columbianuu, viz., the wing-coverts and the hidden base of the secondaries grey, instead of white, as in 1’. cau- &us, to which species thcp rcrtainlp belong. Dr. Finsch, 2M2 50-1. Count T. Salvadori on the at my request, has very kindly sent me for inspection thc type of his 7’. columbianus, which, as I had cxpected, turns out to be an immature specimeii of T. cnudntus, with thc light band 011 the wings and the 1)asc of tlic second- aries not grey (as stated by Dr. Pinsch), but dull wliitisli grey * The specimcns of the genus 7’heristicu.v wliicli I havc been ahle to examiue, arid which have lcd me to these coil- clusioiis, are the following :-

(1) 1’AERIsTICUS CAUDITUS. 1. Adult spccimen from Cayeiine received from tlic Paris Museum (Miis. Taurin., Cat. 110. 2888). 2. Female adult from Cara-liuassi, Salta, September 1896 (nr.Horelli, Mm.7’uvriu., Cat. no. 11633). 3. Adult specimen received in cschangc from the Tiirati Museum, as collected in Brazil (Mirs. Tuurin., Cat. no. 9365). -1. Adult specimen, from BogotA, Colombia (Mzts. Berkpsch). 5. Immatiirc specimen, apparcntly from Bogoth (Leyden AIuseutti : TTYEof Tfierislicus columlianus E’iriscli). 6. Atlrilt specimen from Aritioqiiin i!i Colombia (JZUS. Herlepd). 7 & 8. Two adult specimcns, one m:irlrcd fcmulc, t’rom Altagracia iri \-cnezuc.la, obtaincd by Jlr. George, IS. Clicrric., h-ovcmbcr 1897 (Mzrs. Berlepsch) . 9. Adiilt inale from Vslle Graridc in 13olivia, obtaiiicd hy (j. Garlcpp (Mus. Berlqsch).

(2) f~IIERISTICUSMELANOPIS. 1. Adult specimen from Chile (Cav. Pico//et,Mus. Tmirirl., Cat. no. 2885). 2. Adult spccimeti, no csact 1oc:ility (Mus. ?iiurin., Cat. no. 2895). 3. Adult male, Santiago, Chile, Alarcli 1HG7, f’roni tllc Museum of Santiago, Voyage of the ‘Magenta’ (Mw.Tuurin., Cat. no. 8353). Ibises of the Genus Theristicus. 505

(3) 1’HEKlSTlCUS BHANICKII. 1. Adult male, Pariayacu, Peru, 18 October, 1892 (.I. licllinowski, Mrrs. Berlrpch, SPECIM. TY PICUM) . 2. Adult male, Vallevicioso, Paramo dc.1 Cotopasi, July (Dr. G. Festn) . 3. Adult male, Vallcvicioso, July (Dr. Festa). 4. Adult malc, Vallevicioso, July (Dr. Frstn). 5. Tmniaturc male, \‘allevicioso, July (Dr. Frstu). 0. Adult fcmalc, Vallcvicioso, July (Dr. Festa). 7 & 8. Young specimens, Vallevicioso, July (Ur. Fcsta).

Genus TAEKISTICUSN-agl. irypt!. ?‘heristicus Wagl. lsis, 1832, 1’. 1231 . Ibis melanopis Lath. Waglcr gives the following characters of the genus Theristicus :- “ ltostrum gracilius (quam in getiere Ibbidis) ; yedes lircves, rohusti ; tarsiis validus, digiti iiitcrmerlii longitiidinc incluso hujus unguc, aiiticc scutellis licsagoriis tectus, post ice rcticulnt.iis ; digiti validi, hreviusculi, terctius- culi ; ungues mcdiocrcs, validi, arcuati, illi digiti ariterioris iritermedii acic interna subinflata (integra) ; acrodactyla ulevato-scutellata. Ptilosis : lora ac stria utrinquc ad 1:itus menti niida ; ale ct caudu praclouge, hzc cuucata, alas trariscendens ; pilci ac colli plun~c long^, lacem. Color praedominans obscurus ct dilutus, remiges et caucla metallici.” Dr. Sharpe has recently givcii the characters of the different genera belonging to thc family Ibididr! ; those of the genus Theristicus may be summarized a9 follows :- ‘(Antcrior aspect of tarsus reticulated, with uumerous hesagonal scales ; itiucr sccondarics ordiuary, not oriia- mented ; head feathcred ; lores bare, no fleshy wattle on centre of throat ; forehead feathered ; lorcs with some warty papillse, region of eye bare ; sides of chin and upper throat bare ; 110 crest of dcpendcnt feathers on iiapc.” To these characters those of the colouriiig may be added, being very similar in all tLc spccics. General colour slaty grey, head and neck whitish buff; uppcr part of the head 5G6 Count T. Salvadori 0th the rufous-clicstnut ; greater upper wing-coverts grey or whitc ; bill black ; feet red. Nab. South Amcrica.

Iiq to thr 4cjlecie.s of the Gtwrw ‘I‘heriwticus.

I/. (;iiatr:t!o toto iiigrt I-distiicw : pilt.0 tkt liutcula lotn in parte nntica colli imi rufo-mstnueis ; tcctrici- his iilaruiii m;tjoribus albip ; bnsi obtects reiiiipiu seriiudariori~in:illxi ...... 1. 7‘. cnuddrrs. h. Cinstnro partini albicnutr : pilro taiitum nit’u- c;i-tcunc.o : cello toto albo, plus iiiinusro fulw tiiictc ; pectore fawin trnnsversa grisen ornitto ; tectricibus aloruni innjoribus griseis ; remigibii- nccrmdnriis oiniiiiio nigrie. N’. Mtior, rostro loupiore ; tcctricibus alaruln grisei:: pallidioribus ; pectore ~umiiio taiitum albo- f’ulrtweiite, fascia giinen tmusverm ornnto .... 2. 7’. nwkotqis. TI’. JIiiior, rtwtro breviore et graciliore ; tectricibw alnruiii giiecis snturntioribua ; pectorc fascia prieen trniisrersn oriinto, et abdornine niedio nlbis ...... 3. T. brcrtzickii.

1. TIIERISTJCUSCAUDATU~. Cio.i<;oca llarcgr. Hist. h-at. Hras. 1). 191 ~Pernambuco) (16-18) j Liclit. Ahhaudl. Berl. Aknd. 1816-17, 1’. 158 (=Ibis allicollis) (18191. Corrrly ir col blanc de Cayenne Dauhent. P1. Eril. viii. pl. 976 (1770). Le Grand Corcrlis de Cayenne BUR. Ilist. Nat. Ois. viii. 1). 47 (1781). Scolopaz* caudatus Bdd. Tabl. PI. Ed. 1). 57, u. 976 (1783). White-necked Ibis Lath. Gen. Syn. iii. 1, p. 109, 11. 6 (17%). Tantalus albicollis Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 653, n. 20 (1788) ; Lath. Itid. Orn. ii. p. 104, n. (i (1790j j Drapiez, Dict. Class. XI. N. viii. p. 489 (1825). nfcmdurria 0’ Curuca‘u Azara, Apunt. iii. p. 189, no. 362 (Pziraguay) (1803). La Mundurria ou Curacau proprement dit Sonnini, trad. d’Azara, \’oy. iii. p. 217 (1809). fbisea of the Genus Thcristicus. SO? Ibis albicollis Vieill. N. D. xvi. p. 17 (1817) ; Dumont, Dict. Sc. Nat. xxii. p. -l.%(1821) ; Wied, Reise nach Bras. ii. p. 169 (1821) ; I%.411. Enc. Mkth. iii. p. 1146 (1823) ; Skph. in Shnw, Gen. Zool. xii. 1, p. 18 (1824) ; LCSS.Man. ii. p. 255 (1828) ; Ivied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., Vog. iv. p. 693 (Baliia, Riu Grande do Sul) (1831) ; Temm. P1. Col. Tabl. Mdth. p. 95 (1839) : Cab. it1 Scliomb. lleisc Brit. Guiana, iii. p. 737 (Hr. Ciuiana) (1848) ; Burni. La Plata- Reise, ii. p. 510 (Paran6, Metidoza, Triciiniari) (1861). Tuntalus mandwria Lath. apud Drapicz, Diet. Class. H. N. viii. p. 490 (1825). Ibis melanopis IVagl. (nec Gm.), Syst. Av. Gcn. Ibis, sp. 17 (dcscr. huj. spec., scd cscl. syn. nonnull.) (1827); Hartl. Syst. Verz. Gcs. Mus., Viig. p. 111, no. 4 (Brasilien) (1844); Gerbc, Dict. Univ. H. N. vii. p. 7 (part., habitat, uec descr.) (1846) ; Uurm. (nec Gm.), Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras. iii. p. 421 (syn. cnictid.) (1856) ; Schlcg. MUS. P.-B., Ibis, p. 7 (part. nos. 3, 4, UrCsil, Caycnnej (1863); I3urm. J. f. 0. 1860, p. %65, 11. 233 (Mendoza, l’aranii, Tucuman) ; Ilcinh. (ncc Gm.), Vid. Mcddel. Nat. For. 1870, p. 22 (Paracatti, ltio S. Francisco, hfinas Gcraes) ; Ciieb. ‘l’hes. Urn. ii. p. 386 (part.) (1875); Erust, Cat. Aves Mus. Caracas, p. 42 (Zulia ec Orinoco) (1887). Ibis alba (errore) Less. Tr. d’Oru. p. 567, xi. 7 (nec 11. 5, ct syn. emend.) (1831). Theriuticus melanopis (part.) Wagl. Isis, 1832, p. 1232 ; Up. Consp. Av. ii. 1). 155, ti. 1 (part., Paraguay) (1855); Scl. et Salv. Nom. Av. Neotrop. p. 127 (part.) (1873); Allen, Brill. Essca Inst. viii. p. 82 (Santarem) (1876) ; Berl. J. f. 0. 1877, p. 124, n. 276 (Paraguay) ; Durnf. Ibis, 1880, 1). 424 (Rio Pasaje, Salta, June) ; Barrows, Auk, 1884, p. 272 (Lowcr Uruguay, April) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. ssvi. p. 21 (part., Brazil), p. 265 (1Lio Pilcomayo) (1898). melanopis Hartl. (ncc Gm.) Index Azar. Apunt. p. 23, n. 362 (syn. emend.) (18k7). Geronticus caudatus G. B. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 566, n. 14 (1847). Theristicus allicollis Licht. Nomenc. Av. p. 91 (Brasilien) 508 Count T. Salvadori on the

(1834); Bp. Compt. Rend. XI. p. 725, 11. 173 (18%); id. Consp. Gen. Av. ii. p. 155, n. 2 (Brad, Cayenne) (1855). Geronticus albicollis Scl. P. z. S. 1861, 1). 728 (%ool. Gardens) ; Pclz. Orn. Hras. p. 307 (ItararC, Jnguaraiha, Tayacoccn, Muruugaba, Araguay, Zainamhaya, Cnicara, Rlatto Grosso) et p. .4.?7 <1868-71). Geronlicus (Z'/wristicl~s) cnuddus G. It. Gr. Hand-list, iii. 1). 4.0, no. 10231. (S. Aincrica) (1871 ), Theristicus caurfulus Elliot, P. S. S. 1877, p. 498 ( partim) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1879, 1). 827 P ZOO^. Gad.), 1882, 1). 794 (Zoo]. Gard.) ; id. Tlist I'crt. 1111. (8) 1). 411 (1883); Salv. Ibis, 1886, 1). 171 (,ex Scliomb.) ; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. ii. 1). 110 (part.) (1889) ; Grahaiii Kerr, Ibis, 1891, 1). 270 (R. Pilconiayo), 1892, I). 115 (Dccemlw, resident oil tlic Lowr Pilcomayo) ; Herl. ct Stolzin. P. Z. S. 1892, 1). 392; Allcn, Hull. Am. Jlus. N. 11. v. 1). 130 (JIatto Grrosso) (1803); Ikrl. ot 8tolzni. Ih, lH!).l., 1). 4.05 (critical) ; Koc~~igsw.Orii. I'auliatn, J. f. 0. 1896, 1). 38'3 (S. Pnulo) ; Scl. List I'ert. An. 1). 427 (18!:6) ; Salvatl. 13011. NUS.Tor. 110. 292, 1). 31 (Salt;l) (lX!E) : Sl)arl)c, Cat. 1%.ssvi. pi). 23, 265 (Hritisli Giiiaiia) (18%) ; llicriiig, Av. 1Sst. S. I'aiilo, p. 385 (18'3'3) j Fiiiseli, Not. lqd. Rliis. ssi. pp. 2 I., 26 (Capinc, Caiyari) (1t)iW) ; Sliarlw, Ilniid-list Gcii. 8~ Sp. 13. i. 1). 186, 11. 2 (British Giiiaiia) (1899). lhis caudain Rchnw. J. f. 0. 1877, 1). 1st (dmcr. o1)t.j ct 1'. 273. Ibis cnudatus Freiizcl, J. f. 0. 18!11, 1). 124 (Cordova). 7ileristir.u.s n~elaq~sisSliarpe, Hard-list Gc~.& Sp. 1%.i. 1). 186, n. 1 (part., Central Brazil) (1899). Pileo toto, cervicis parte iiifinia, colloque antico iufimo saturatc fulvis j gcxiis, vitta plumosa lotigitudinali gillre intermedia ac collo alhis, intcrdnm plus miiiilsvc ful- vcsccntihus ; gula: latcribiis, loris, frontis lateribus vcrrucosis, ac tota regionc periophthnlmica nudis nigris ; pectore, ventrc, abdomiric et crisso nigricaiitibus, vix nitorc vircscciitc iridutis ; tlorsi plumis et scapllaribus fuscis, vix uitore virescente iridutis, apice pallide linlbatis : tergo, uropygio, supracaudalibus, tibiarum 1)lurriis (It alarum tectricibus inferioribus nigris, viresccnti-niteil- Ibises qf the Genus Thcristieus. 509 tibus ; alaruni tectricibus minoribus et mediis citicreis albido limbatis; alarrim tectricibus majoribris albis vittam longitudinalem masiniarn formantibus ; remigibuu ac cauda conica clongata nigris, nietiillicc c viritli rcsplcn- dcntibns ; rcmiyim sccuntlarioruni bnsi obtccta alba : rostro nigro ; iridc riibra ; pcdibiis colorc roseo gcranii. Long. tot. circa 750 rum. ; al. 440 ; caud. 230 ; rostri din. 170 ; tarsi 86. Juuior. Pelle uuda froiitis et capitis latcrttni I&, liaud verrucosa ; plagn pollida ala: sordide alba. Hab. Cayeniie (UirJbn), Guiana 13ritanuica (Scho/iiburyk, N‘hitely) ; Venezucla, Oriuoco ct Zulia (tide Ernst), hlta- gracia (Cherrie) ; Colombia, Uogoti et Antioquia (Mus. Red) ; Brasilia, Santarerii (Allen), l’criiambuco (Marc- grave), Bahia (Ri’ed), ParacatG, Rio S. Francisco (Lund), hlatto Grosso (Natterer, Smith), S. Paulo et Parauii (Xuttwcr),Rio Grade do Sul (Ivied); Bolivia, Valle Graridc (Gadepp, iii Miis. Berlepch) ; Paraguay (Azaraj, ltio I’ilcomago (Kwr); Uriigoay (Barrows) ; Sortlicrii Argeii- tiiia, Salta (Durrford,ZloreMi), Tucuman, Parati 6, Mcudoxa (Hzirmeister), Cordova (Frenzd). r1lhis spccics is easily distiriguislial)lc., having tlic twcast black like tlic rcst of tlic iiudcrparts, a broad wliitc band 011 thc wings, foriucd by tho grcatcr wing-covcrts, arid the hiddcu base of the secondaries wliitc., also by tlie rusty- fulvous colour of tlic cap and of thc two spots at the basc of the neck, one anterior and the 0thposterior. As stated above, I have examiued niiic spccimeus of this species. The first is from Cayenne, the very locality in- habited by the type-specimen, figured by Daubenton, on which were based hoth Sco1opa.r caudatus Bodtl. arid Tat~tal~ albicollis Gm. This spccimeii is strikitigly similar to the figure, and remarkable for its great size, aid the ntimeroiis warts ou the naked skin of tlie forchead and sides of tlie head. Scarcely ditfcreiit from it arc the tn o sl)ccirnens from Venezuela, and two others from Colombia (Rogoti and Antioquia), seut to me by (3rd von 13crlcpsch ; the ouly difference of any importance is in thc colour of the lower 510 Count T. Salvadori on the parts (breast, abdomen, and nnder tail-coverts) bcing of a deeper black. Moreover, thc rusty-fulvous colour of the pilerim and of tlic two spots at tlie basc of the neck, in froiit and behind, are of a deeper liuc in thc 13ogotA specimens than it1 tlic two from lTcticzuela. The typc-spccimcn of Theristiciis cohidiiaiiiia, sciit me hy Dr. Finsch, certainly belongs to the present spccics ; it is somewhat immature (as showii by the :ibseiire of warts on tlic forchcad and sides of tlic licad, tlic skin hciiig quitc sniooth) and therefore has the light bnutl on tlic wings greyish M Iiite, and thc hidden base of the sccorid;iric.s dull whitish. A specimen in the Turiii MLI~CUUI,rcccivetl ‘‘ from Brazil ” (no. 3), ant1 another from llolivia collcctcd by Garlepp (Mus. Berltyisch) (no. 9) have thc lowcr parts lighter, somewhat more grcyisli tliau thosc niciitioncd al)ow ; Ijotli Iiavc tlic foreliead more cstciisiwl> fc.:ttherrd, :tiid tlic tlimcrisioiis soitiewhot miallcr, but tlic tliffercticcs sccui to he wcll witliin tlic limits of iudividual vnriatioii. Tlic spcciincn from Salta (no. 2), which, bciiig a feiiialc, is sornewhat smaller tliaii tlie Caytic hl,is qiiite similar to tliis, and differs oiily in tlic furclicatl beiiig less iiakctl, aid tlic whitish colour of tlic iieck morc distinctly tinged with fidvous. Tlie gcograpliical range of tliis species lias been very \wll indicated by Hcrlcysch and Stolzmann. It is confiuctl to tlie castern part of Soutlicrn Anierica, aiitl from Cayenne cstciitls westward to J3ri tish Guiana, Vciiezuela, and Colombia, utitl southward through Uraeil, to Uolivia, Paraguay, Uriigiiay, ant1 Northcrii Argentina, which probably is the soutlicrti limit of the species, RS the speciincits in the ncighbour- hood of Huenos Ayres, wliicli arc found there during the .,viiitcr, possibly belong to T. me/anopis. This, howcver, can be a.iccrtained only I)y csamination of‘ specimens collected in tliat country *. * Mr. IIudsoii (1’. %. S. ]ail, p. 261) desrribes tLc Jiucdto.in de I~~,~wIzo,wbich is found during the wiuter suuth of Bucnov l\ire~, a having thc wings and back ash-blue, a clinrncter of 1’. itteku~topis,uod tile under surface and belly black, which ifi IL feature of T.ctrttrlatus ! Still I am inclined to believe that the mcntioued is 1’. mplnnopik Ibises of the Genus Theristicus. 511 Therislicuu caudatuv has been confused with T. melanopas by Wagler, Schlegel, Elliot, and also by Sclatcr and Salvin ; but it lias been duly recognized as distinct by Berlepsch and Stolzmann, who have succeeded in establishing its specific characters and gcographical distribution very clearly. Dr. Sharpe also has rccoguized T. cuudutus as a distinct species, but, having missed Ucrlepsch and Stolzmann’s cxccllent uotes, he has failed in tracing the geographical distribution, and cousequently the syiioiiymy given by him is not esact. I should say that the spccimcn from Rio l’ilcotuayo (Cat. B. xxvi. p. 265), where, according to Ah. Graham Kerr, the bird is resident, must belong to T. caudatus and not to T. melanopis”.

2. THERISTICUSMELANOPIS. Black-faced Ibis Lath. Gen. Syn. iii. pt. 1, p. 108, pl. lxxir. (New Year’s Island, uear Staten Island) (1785) (I$. Porstcr, Voy. ii. p. 521); id. Gen. Hist. ix. pl. 150. Tantalus mdunopis Gm. S. K. i. 2, p. 653, ti. 19 (Insula Novi Anni) (1788) ; Lath. Iud. Orn. ii. p. 704, no. 5 (1790). Ibis tnelunopis Vicill. N. D. svi. I). 20 (1817) (ex Latham) ; Dumont, Dict. Sc. Net. nsii. p. 127 (1821) j Vicill. Enc. 116th. iii. p. 1148, p1. (35. f. 2 (1823); Steph. in Shaw, Gcn. Zool. xii. 1, p. 12 (1824); Drapiez, nict. Class. H. N. viii. p. 490 (1825); M’agl. Syst. ,4v., gcn. Ibis, sp. 17 (part.) (1827) ; Gerbe, Dict. Univ. H. N. vii. p. 7 (part., descr. nec habitat) (18&3); Des Murs in Gay, Hist. dc Chile, i. p. 417 (1848) ; Hartl. Naumannia, 1853, pp. 216, 222 (Valdivia); Cass. iu U. S. Astron. Exped. ii. p. 197 (Chile) (1856) ; Burm. La Plata-Reise, ii. p. 511 (sub I. albicollis) (1861) ; Solileg. Mus. P.-B., Ibis, p. 7 (part. nos. 1 and 2, Chile) (1863); Scl. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 339 (Chile) ; Scl. 1’. Z. S. 1870, p. 665 (Santiago, Zool. Gard.) ; Philippi & Sandb. Cat. Av. Chil. p. 34 (1868) j Huds. & Scl. P. 8,S. 1872, p. 549 (Patagonia) ; Brchm, J. f. 0. 1874, p. 05 (iii continemcnt); Gieb. Thes. Om. ii. p. 386 (part.) (1875) ; Rchnw. J. f. 0.

* P.S.-Dr. Sherpe now informs me that, as I surmised, the Pilcomaju specimen ie T. caudatua. 512 Couiit T. Salvadori OILthe

1877, 111). 15,k, 275 (Chilean Suhrcgionj ; Lataste, Proc.- wrh. Soc.. Sc. Chile, 1893, 1). cxsii (Jlagcllaii Str.). Ibis alhicoilis Less. (ncc (im.),Voy. Coq., %ool.i. 1). 242 (liivcs du Port Saiiit-Viiicciit). Tirrrisfic*rt.s/i/ela?iopis part., \Vagl. Isis: 1832; 1). 1832 ; c;. li. GI,. List Grall. Iirit. Mus. 1). !)8 (Straits ot’ JIii- gcll:tn, Cliilc) (181 1.) ; Tliclit. Soiii. i\r. 1). ‘31 (Chile) (1X.X.) ; 111). Coiisli. (hi. Av. ii. 1). 15>, 11. 1 (part., Chile, 111s.No\-. .iiiiii) (1853) ; id. Coiiipt. Ilctiitl. XI. 1). 725, 11. 172 (1 8.Y>); Ptlz. Itvisc Sov:ira. Viig. 1). 1 :?7 (Cliilc) (166.5) ; Scd. ct Salv. Ihis, lX(i8, 1). IS!) (IClizabctli I.) ; Ciiiiiiiiigli. Ibis, 1869, 1). 233 (W. Patagotiia) ; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1870, 1). 49‘3 (Sandy Point) ; Newtoii, This, 1870, 1). 502 (egg, Elizabeth I.); id. P. Z. S. 1871, 11. 5G, 1’1. iv. t’. 8 (cgg) ; G. It. Gr. Idntid-list, iii. 1). .I.(), 110. 10283 (Str. of Alagcllan, Cliilc) (1871) ; Scl. ct Snlv. Noin. -11,.Xcotiwp. 1). 127 (part.) (1873) ; Gigl. \-ia;g. ‘ I\I;igciita,’ pp. 956, 937, !)Ci (l’atagoiiia) (187;) ; 1)iiriit‘. lh, JH77, 1). 1‘30 (liiiciios Aijr(bs in wiiitcr), 1x78, 1). 4.00 (l’atxgoiiia) ; Scl. ct Salv. 1’. %. S. 1878. 1). ,Mi (Saiitly l’oiiit) ; id. 1.0~.Ctiall., l%iids, ii. 1). 206 (1880) ; ljcrl. ct Stolziii. 1’. %. S. 1x92, pli. 372, 3!)1 ; lkrl. c>t Stolxiii. Ibis, 1894, 1). 405 (ei,itical) : Slini.pi>, Cat. J3. ssvi. pi). 83 (part., Chilc, Str. ol‘ 3I:tgc.llaii) (189%); Viiiscli, Not. Lcytl. JIus. ssi. 131). 25, 86 (Chile) (1899). T/wris/icus W~OIUJ~Darw. 1-0~.‘ lkagle,’ iii. ljirtls, 1). 128 (1’atagoiii:t) (184.1) ; l?rascr, 1’. Z. S. 1813, 1). 117 (Iiitcrior of Chile) : Curiiiiiigh. Ihis, 1868, 1)p. 126, 4.88 (Straits of nragelliul); Ucrl. et Stolzm. P. %. s. 1892, 1’. 38‘3 (Ica). ‘Ibntnlus n/elniiop.v Forst. Icon. iiictl. in Brit. AIiis. t. 117 : id, (cd. Licht.) Descr. Anim. p. 332 (Iiisula Xovi Aiiiii, Terra Statiium vicina) ( I8 1.1. ). Grroniicirs ~d~nopisG. It. Gr. Gcii. 13. iii. 1). Xfi, 11. 15 (181.7) ; ? Scl. 1’. %. S. 1876, 1). 8%; (Zool. (;ai*tl.). Y7ieristicu.s alilicollis Ikliiib. (iicc Gin.) Syn. :1~.t. 1.b0, fi. 531, 532 (?) (1818) : id. hv. Syst. Wat. 1’. 1-4, (1850). Ibis niclnnopsis Ilihra, Dcnlischr. Ic. Ak. IViss. v. 11. 131 (X.Cliilv) (1863) ; id. J. f. 0. 1855, 1). 56 (N. Chilc). Germticus ( ?’heristicus) melaiiopis G. R. Or. IIand-list, iii. p. 40, no. 10233 (Str. of Magellail, Chile) (1871). Ibises qf the Genus Tlieristicus. 513 Gwonticus melatiolis (errorc), Scl. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 828 (Zool. Gard.). Theri.uticus crtudulm Elliot, 1’. Z. S. 1877, 1). .1.98 (part.) ; Salv. (nec Eodd.) Cat. 13. Strickl. Coll. p. 525, no. 255.8 (specini. a, Chile) (1882) ; Scl. List Vert. An. (8) 1). ill (part.) (1883) ; Scl. et ZIuds. Arg. Orn. ii. 1). 110 (part., Antarctic S. Amcr.) (1889) ; IIolland, Ibis, 1892, 1). 205 (Estancia Esl artilla, bctwccri llanclias and Chascomus, from May to August) ; James, New List Chil. B. p. 0 (Cliilc) (1892) ; Scl. List Vcrt. hu. (9) p. 1.27 (part.) (1896). ? Vanduria (or Baudurid ?) de Invierno Hudson, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 261 (Pampas about lat. 38’s.). ? Geronticus melauopis IIiids. & Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 2G1 (south of 13uerlos Xyrcs). [I’heristicus melaiioyis IIcine h Rclinw. Nom. Mus. IIein. p. 313 (1890). Ibis caudatu Ilartert (iicc Rodd.), Kat. \70geluamml. Mus. Senckeub. p. 205, 110. 30% (Cliile) (1891). Z6i9 (Theristicus) cczudatus Oust. AliJs. SC. Cap Horn, Ois. 111). 140, 330 (part.) (1891). Tlreristicus melanopis Sharpc, Hand-list Gcn. & Sp. H. i. 1). 186, n. 1 (part., Chile aiid tlic Str. of hIagellau) (1880). Pileo toto fiilvo-rcrirgiiiuso, latcribus capitis, vit ta plumosa Ioiigitudiiiali gulx iutcrincdia, collo ac pcctorc alljo-fill- vescciitil,us, loris vc‘rrucosis, rctgioiic pwioplithalmica ac gula: lateriljus, intcrtliim etiam partc mcdia infima plz, Iiudis, iiigi is; fascia pncpectorali tr:trisrcrsa, plus minusve Ma, cirierca ; abdomiiie tibiarumque pluinis nigri- cantibus ; crisso nigcrrimo, riitore viresceiite ; dorso, scapularibus, alarumquc tcctricibus griscis fcre sericeis, tectricibus inajorihus ct mediis paullo pallidioribus ; rcmigibus, subalarihus, cautla ct supracaudalibus nigris, viridi-iiitcutihos : rostro iiigro ; iritlc rubro-sanguiricn ; pedibuv rubris. Long. tot. circa 700 mm.; al. 4(w: caud. 200; rostri culm. 1.W ; tarsi 80. Hab. Magellailia (Forster, Cunuiiiyharn) ; I’atagoiiia (Hudson); Soutlicrii Argeiitiiia (Hudsoit) ; Chile (Mw.P.-U., Vursouiu, &c.), Valdivia (Philippi) ; Pcru occ., Ica (hil/i- mwski), Chorillos (Jdski). ‘rhia species is easily kriown from thc preceding by the 514 ('ount T. Salvatlori opt tlrr following characters :-the wings arc grey, wanting the broad white band so conspicuous in T. caudatus ; besides, the large rusty-fulvoiis patch iri the middle of the lower part of the forc neck is wanting : the hrcast is not slaty black as in T. caudnlus, but fnlvous whitc likc thc ricck, and betaeeii this and the breast there is a grey transverse band, morc or less broad; finally thc hidden hascs of thr sccond- aries are riot white. I liavc csamiiied only threc spccimens of this species, all in thc Turin Museum. One, from an unknown locality, and appareritly the oldest of tlie three, has thc upper parts grcy, almost nniform, and the grey pectoral band not 1 vry distinct, being foriiietl by grey feathers, tippcd with fulvous-white, so that the I)and seems almost obsoletc. lteicliciibach has figured a similar bird, apparently with 110 pectoral band at all (011. cit. fig. 532). Iksidcs, the above- mentioned bird is remarkable for having the feathered line along the middle of thc throat confined to the upper part, while lower down the throat is entirely nakcd, cvcn in the middle. Tlie other two specimens cxamined by mc are both from Chile, one seut hy thc l'ietlmontcse consul Cav. Picollet, and the other (a malc) obtained from tlic Museum of Santiago during tlic voyage of' tlie ' Magenta.' Tliey are iicarly similar, and differ from tlic prccediiig one in having the band along the middle of the throat entirely feathered, the feathers of the upper parts with a dark subapicrrl spot quite distinct, the grcy pectoral band I)roader, autl tllc greater wing-coverts somewhat whitish. I think that 1)oth these are immature. The area of this species has been clearly described by Berlepsch and Stolzmanu. It extends from Magellania to Cliilc and the western part of Peru as far north as Tca and Chorillos. On the east it inhabits Patagonia, whence during wintcr it migrates into the southern part of Argen- tina, apparently as far north as the Yrovincc of Buenos llyres (Hudso?~). T)r. Sharpe (Cat. n. 1. c.) has erroneously extended the IL; s ,1900.PI. Ix.

,L MmternBroc :rrp J D Wemans dd et hth THEEI S T 1 C U 5 BFATJ I C KII .AD.

Ibises qf the Gcnus Theristiciis. 513 area of this species as far north as Matto Grosso, where 7'. ca?idatus only is fouud.

8. THEHIST~CUSDHANICRII. (Plates IX. & X.) Ibis ntelanupis Tsch. jnec Gm.), Arch. f. Natiirg. 184.1, 1, p. 312, n. 313 (Peru) ; Tsch. et Cab. Faun. Pcr. pp. 51, 298 (La Puna) (1845-46) j Scl. ct Salv. 1'. Z. S. 1869, p. 600 (Pitumarca). Then'sticus melanopis Tacz. (nec Gm.), P. 8. S. 1874., p. 562 (Junin) ; Sliarpe, Cat. B. xxvi. p. 21 (part., specim. 9. I'itumarca) (1898). Theristicus catidatus part. Elliot, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 498 (Peril) ; Tacz. (ncc Ikxlcl.), Orn. Pcr. iii. p. 417 (Peril, IGgion cle la Piina, Jiiiiiii, Lima, Hiianta, Maraynioc) (1886). Ttmiuticus branickii 13crl. et Stolzm. Ibis, 1894, p. 404 (Peruvia nlta, Juiiiii, Maraynioc, Pariayacu) ; Finsch, Not. Lryd. Mus. xxi. pp. 25, 26 (1899) ; Salvad. et Festa, Boll. Miis. Zool. Tor. no. 368, p. 45 (Vallevicioso, Ecuador) (1900). Theristicus nielanopsis Sliarpe, Hand-list Gcn. & Sp. 13. i. p. 186, no. 1 (part., Pcrii) (1859). Mas ad. Pileo toto, cervice siiinma ct genis rufo-srtigi- nosis ; collo rcliqiio ct fascia pluniosa nicdia lou,ni- tudinali giilre alhirlis plus minusrc: fulvesceute titwtis ; fascia prapectorali transvcrsa cincrca ; pectore et abdomine.. medio alhis ; lateribus tibiarumque plumis nigris ; crisso ct adlaribus nigris, viridi ruetallice nitentibus ; dorso ct scapularibus griseis, his, praecipuc longioribns,. paullum tiitorc viridi indutis ; tcctricibue alarum palhdc griseis ; remigibiis, rcctricibus, ac sub- alaribus nigris, nitore viridi indiitis : rostro, froutis lateribus verrucosis, rcgionc periophthalmica et cute iiuda gulae nigris ; iritlc bruntlea; pcdibus riibris (Taczanowski) vcl rubro-flavidis (Festa). Long. tot. circa 700 mm. ; al. 420; caud. 210 ; rostri culm. 120; tarsi 70. Fcem. Mari sirnilis. Juv. Capite et collo albido-fulvesccutibus, crebrc fusco striolatis ; fascia przpectorali cinerca ; pcctore et ab- domine medio albis, plumis in medio stria ciuerea 516 0~1the 1hi.w.~of ifir Ge)iiis Tlirristieiis.

notatis ; dorm ct scapularihus fiisco-cincrcis, plumis p:tllitlius marginatis ct fascki siihpicali fiisca notatis ; tcctricihs ;iIa 1.11 111 mi I iorilnis ci iicrc,is, alho marginatis j tcctricilms.. iiicdii< vt ni:ijoril>tisciiic,i.eo-uIIJitlis ; lateribus fiisco-iiigris ; rcwi4l)iis, ciiin sii1):iIiiriIiiis ct asillari1)its, ?. caiidn :ie crjsso i11~ris, iiitow riricli iutliitis : “ rostro Iiigricnntc~; p(dil)iis sortli(lc rirew:iitibiis ” (I+’~tcl). Iltrb. 1’eruri:t :ilta, Tin 1’iin:t (Ksrkirtli), 1’itiiiii;irc:L (ppc ‘l’inta) (IV/ii/dy),J iiiiiii, Tlinia, IIiiaiitx, 7I:ir:iyiiioc (Jdski), Maraynioc, l’ariayacu (h’ulinoicsl-i) ; iEqiiatoria alta, Vallcricioso (Cotopasi) (F~sta). 111 his specics rcscni1)lcs T. nielanopis in having the wing- coverts grey and a trnrisvcrsc grey I)nnct on the lircast, but is easily tlistiiigriislied hy the breast and abdomen being whi tc. I have esnminctl eight specimciis of this species : oiic oE them was collected hy Kaliiiowski at Marayiiioc, Pariayacu : this is labrlled as the type and has been lent to me by Graf yon Berlcpsch, to whoiii it bcloiigs ; tlie other seven wcrc collectctl hy lh. Festa in Ecuatlor. Tlic first (I’lntc IX,)is rcimirkable for tlic rusty-fulvoos colour of the pilcuin arid c-liccks ; the s:inie coloiir, sonicwl~at paler, spretids owr t!ic IICC~~. ,II lie spcciiiicns collectccl hy Dr. 1:estn in l~ciradorarc: four innl(~s, oiic fciiial~‘,nritl t\vo yoitiig birds not sexed. TIic four inalcs :riitl tlie fkriiale show wry slight ditti.i.criccs ; none of tlwni have tlic liead mid ucclr of a rusty-i’ulrous colour so bright iis iii tlic type-specimcn froiii Peru. Two, apparently fully acliilt, have tlic upper parts almost uniform grey, slightly paler 011 the wing-coverts. One, cvideritly thc youngest, has the liead and iicck almost entirely white, with some fiilvous fcathers on the nape arid lower part of fore neck ; hesides it Itas the smaller wing-covcrts with whitish edgings aud subapical band.; or spots dusky grey, siire signs of being immatu rc. hstly, rlie two young birds (L’latt: X.) arc very remarkable in liavitig the lieatl and neck tlull wlritc-fulvous, with dusky streaks aloug thc shafts of tlic fcathers ; besides, they have the whitr f~atli~rsof the lowtr parts streaked with grey along the J U Keulem-s del et Lth MutternEhos l’np T HE F.1 S TI CU S BRAN I C KIl ,JR

On the b‘ir41u of dt. Luciri Luke, Ziihduiid. 517

middle. This juvenile stagc lias becii very well dcscribetl by Taczanowski (Om. du Pkrou, iii. p. 418). Therislicus branickii seems to be confiiied to the highlands of Peru and Ecuador : its area, so far as we kuow at present, extciids from Pitumarca, near Tinta, on the soutli, to Valle- vicioso in Ecuador on the north. This species has been confounded with T. melanopis by Tschutli and Cabaiiis, by Sdater and Salviu, and also later on by Taczanowski. By Graf voii Berlepsch and Stolzmanti it was recognized as perfectly distinct, arid the specific characters were pointed out quite clcarly. Xotwithstaridirig this, Dr. Slinrpe has agairi mixcd it up with T. melan- opis, under the iruprcssiori that the differcrices of plumage relied on hy J3erlcpsch aiid Stolzmaiin for the separation of ‘1’. branickii were ouly those of age or seasoii. Ijut the specific validity of this species, agreed to quite recently also by Dr. Finsch, cannot he denied any Itmger, arid I hope that thc figlires drawn by Mr. Kculcrnans (Plates IX. and X.),taken from Dr. Prsta’s specimens (adult atid young), will make T. branickii recognizable at a glance, arid settle the question for the future.

XXX.-On the Birds of St. Luciu Lake in Zululud. By R. 13. arid J. I). S. \l’ooitw.~~u*. ~IAYIXGjust rcturncd fieom ail iiiterestii g trip to St. Luc:ia Lake, Zululand, we send you a short account ot‘ the birds met with. On Septcmber 19th, 1899, we left tlic Lower Tugela, the northern termiuus of the Natal Hailway, atid, crossing the river, proceeded with our cart and oxcri along thc coast- road. \\’e forded in sucrcssion the rivers Arnatikulu, Uin- suiidusi, Umlilatusi, aiid Unifolosi, and on the eighth day reached an extensive wood called the “ Duku-tluku ” or

6‘ Wandering Bush,” which stretches from the lirtilolooi alorlg the coast. This country is uridulating, aid the forest

* For former articles on this subject by Mejhrs. Woodward see ‘Ibis,’ 1~7,p. 400 and p. 495, and 1898, p. 216. SER. VII.--TOL. V1. 2N