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Análisis De La Imperialización De Los Territorios En Mesoamérica Y Crítica Al Estado De Sitio Y La Guerra Total Contra Las Poblaciones En El Colapso Mundial

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Análisis De La Imperialización De Los Territorios En Mesoamérica Y Crítica Al Estado De Sitio Y La Guerra Total Contra Las Poblaciones En El Colapso Mundial UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COSTA RICA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS ESCUELA DE FILOSOFÍA DOCTORADO EN ESTUDIOS LATINOAMERICANOS CON ÉNFASIS EN PENSAMIENTO LATINOAMERICANO ANÁLISIS DE LA IMPERIALIZACIÓN DE LOS TERRITORIOS EN MESOAMÉRICA Y CRÍTICA AL ESTADO DE SITIO Y LA GUERRA TOTAL CONTRA LAS POBLACIONES EN EL COLAPSO MUNDIAL CANDIDATO A DOCTOR: BRYAN GONZÁLEZ HERNÁNDEZ Heredia, 15 de Junio de 2020 Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Doctor en Estudios Latinoamericanos con Énfasis en Pensamiento Latinoamericano. Cumple con los requisitos establecidos por el Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado de la Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica. II MIEMBROS DEL TRIBUNAL EXAMINADOR [Dr. Francisco San Lee Campos] Representante del Consejo Central de Posgrado [Dr. Allan González Estrada] Coordinador a.i. del posgrado [Dr. John Saxe-Fernández] Tutor de tesis [Dr. Juan Olivier Gómez Meza] Miembro del Comité Asesor [Dr. Marcus Abilio Gomes Pereira] Miembro del Comité Asesor [Bryan González Hernández] Sustentante III Hacer comprender a los ciudadanos pasmados que aunque no entren en la guerra, están de todos modos. Comité Invisible del Partido Imaginario, 2015 IV TABLA DE CONTENIDO Resumen IX Abreviaturas X Agradecimientos XV Dedicatoria XIX Introducción 1 Capítulo I. El Problema de investigación: análisis de la imperialización 5 de los territorios en Mesoamérica y crítica al estado de sitio y la guerra total contra las poblaciones en el colapso mundial El problema de investigación 5 Justificación 7 Objetivos 14 Estrategia metodológica 15 Tipo de investigación 17 Fuentes de investigación 17 Ubicación temporal y espacial 17 Herramientas de análisis 21 Capítulo II. De las constelaciones teóricas. Esbozo de un mapa estelar- 26 conceptual para la navegación en contextos abismales. Estado de la cuestión 31 Constelación de Pluto enceguecido 31 Constelación de Apolión, el destructor. 39 Constelación de Argos Panoptes 42 Constelación de Calibán, el argifonte 53 De las constelaciones teóricas 58 Constelación de Pluto enceguecido. O la destrucción planetaria y la 58 aniquilación biológica por las oligarquías globales Constelación de Apolión, el destructor. O la fase terminal del imperialismo 62 de los Estados Unidos en el colapso mundial V Constelación de Argos Panoptes. O la materia, forma y poder del estado de 104 seguridad en el siglo XXI Constelación de Calibán, el argifonte. Apuntes para una crítica a la razón 121 imperial-securitaria desde el pensamiento latinoamericano Capítulo III. Desde el abismo. Aproximación crítica a la era de las 133 destrucciones planetarias y la aniquilación biológica por parte de las oligarquías globales Abandonando la última orilla 134 Desde el abismo. Para un crítica situada en el colapso mundial 136 Crítica al Antropoceno. Humano, demasiado humano –pero no cualquier 140 humano- Sobre el Plutoceno. Era de las destrucciones planetarias y aniquilaciones 145 bióticas por las oligarquías globales El Plutoceno como manifestación de la guerra total contra las poblaciones y 153 la naturaleza Conclusiones 159 Capítulo IV. La fase terminal del imperialismo. Estado de sitio, 160 dominación global y guerra total en el Plutoceno La fase más mortífera del imperialismo en un mundo que se hunde 161 La guerra como mecanismo de gestión planetaria en el Plutoceno 165 Pretensiones imperiales para un futuro incierto 170 Hacia el nuevo siglo estadounidense. Preparativos para la dominación total 172 y la agresión global Odisea 2000. El dominio del espectro completo como doctrina de la guerra 178 total de agresión imperial El “momento imperial”: 11 de setiembre de 2001 y el asalto al poder global 183 El estado de sitio global y la destrucción del derecho internacional 190 Excepcionalidad y enemistad. Guerra total contra las poblaciones 192 Conclusiones 195 VI Capítulo V. Mesoamérica: “el lugar más importante del mundo”. 199 Dependencia estratégica e imperialismo terminal en el Plutoceno Imperio con “m” de Mesoamérica. Sobre las relaciones entre Estados Unidos 201 y la región mesoamericana La doctrina Monroe del siglo XXI. El control de Mesoamérica como parte 207 del proyecto imperial de los Estados Unidos para un mundo que colapsa La importancia geoestratégica de Mesoamérica para los Estados Unidos en 222 el Plutoceno Dependencia estratégica y agotamiento acelerado de los recursos críticos 225 Hidrocarburos mesoamericanos en la carrera por lo que queda 228 La guerra por el oro blanco. El litio mesoamericano en el siglo xxi 231 Mesoamérica liquida. La guerra por el control del agua 237 Biodiversidad mesoamericana. Guerra imperial total contra la biota por el 243 gobierno de la vida Ecúmene mesoamericana. La población como factor geopolítico 250 Posición astro-geoestratégica mesoamericana y el dominio de espectro 253 completo “Entre dos tierras y dos mares”. Sobre la posición geoestratégica de 253 Mesoamérica Mesoamérica y el dominio de espectro completo. La astropolitik 259 estadounidense en el siglo XXI Imperialización de los territorios (I): la construcción deM como espacio vital 264 de los Estados Unidos en el Plutoceno Plan Chiapas 2000 – Plan Puebla-Panamá – Plan Colombia 269 Geojurisprudencia y libre comercio 281 Proyecto Mesoamérica – Iniciativa Mérida 288 Conclusiones 290 Capítulo VI. La destrucción de Mesoamérica. Imperialización de los 292 territorios y la producción espacial de la seguridad: cuerpos y ciudades en la guerra total contra las poblaciones VII ¿Una guerra declarada para no ser ganada? La ‘guerra contra las drogas’ o la 294 abierta declaración de una guerra total contra las poblaciones La guerra contra las poblaciones en la era Richard Nixon 299 La administración de Ronald Reagan y la articulación imperial-mafiosa de 301 la guerra contra las poblaciones La guerra contra las poblaciones durante la administración de George H. W. 310 Bush y la Operación Just Cause en Panamá La era Clinton y el auge de la militarización de la policía 315 La segunda era Bush y la guerra imperial total integrada contra las 320 poblaciones ‘Yes we can’: Barack Obama y la continuación de la guerra contra las 337 poblaciones por todos los medios Donald Trump, ¿el terror de los bad hombres? 344 Imperialización de los territorios (II): del espacio mortal a la producción 347 espacial de la seguridad como pacificación de las ciudades y las poblaciones La producción espacial de la seguridad en las ciudades y en los cuerpos 354 Campos de batalla: cuerpos y ciudades desmembradas 357 El mundo que Orwell jamás imaginó. La imperialización de los cuerpos y las 369 ciudades como parte de la guerra total contra las poblaciones La existencia sitiada y las ciudades como prisiones para la pacificación de 380 las poblaciones Conclusiones 385 Conclusiones 388 Aportes de la tesis doctoral 394 Bibliografía 400 Anexos 469 Anexo I: Extensión territorial total de Mesoamérica 470 Anexo II: Mapa de Mesoamérica 471 Anexo III: Límites de Mesoamérica según Paul Kirchhoff 472 Anexo IV: Gasto militar mundial por regiones en 2018 473 VIII Anexo V: Población total de Mesoamérica 474 Anexo VI: PIB de Mesoamérica en 2017 475 Anexo VII: Importancia geoestratégica de Mesoamérica según Alfred 476 Thayer Mahan: “el mare nostrum” Anexo VIII: Centros espaciales en el mundo y puntos de lanzamiento 477 óptimos de la tierra Anexo IX: La órbita geoestacionaria 478 Anexo X: Regiones estratégicas en el espacio exterior 479 Anexo XI: Objetivo final de la dominación del espectro completo 480 Anexo XII: Mapa Plan Puebla-Panamá 481 Anexo XIII: Mapa Proyecto Mesoamérica 482 Anexo XIV: El mapa mundial según las líneas del pentágono 483 IX RESUMEN Esta tesis realiza desde una perspectiva latinoamericanista, un análisis crítico sobre los vínculos entre la producción espacial de la guerra contra las drogas en Mesoamérica y el proyecto imperialista de dominio global de los Estados Unidos para el siglo XXI, que instaura un estado de sitio a nivel mundial y acelera la guerra total contra las poblaciones y la naturaleza, considerada como un mecanismo de gestión planetaria para un contexto de colapso mundial. Aborda desde la metodología relacional de derechos humanos las instituciones, las ideas, y las relaciones entre estas con el contexto que se estudia, con el propósito de comprender el proyecto imperial de los Estados Unidos en el siglo XXI y el proceso de imperialización de Mesoamérica. Así como la era de las destrucciones planetarias y la aniquilación biológica que acarrea la acumulación de poder y capital que ese proyecto imperial promueve y asegura. Descriptores: Imperialismo; Imperialización de los territorios; Pensamiento Latinoamericano; Filosofía de la situación; Guerra contra las drogas; Mesoamérica; Colapso Mundial; guerra total contra las poblaciones y contra la naturaleza; Seguridad; producción espacial de la seguridad; ciudades; cuerpos. X ABREVIATURAS ACLU American Civil Liberties Union (Unión Estadounidense para las Libertades Civiles) AGS American Geographical Society (Sociedad Geográfica Estadounidense) ALBA-TCP Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América – Tratado de Comerciero de los Pueblos ALCA Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas AOR Area of Responsability (Área de responsabilidad) ASPAN Alianza para la Seguridad y la Prosperidad de América del Norte AWG Anthropocene Work Group (Grupo de Trabajo sobre el Antropoceno) BCIE Banco Centroamericano de Integración Económica BID Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo BM Banco Mundial CAF Corporación Andina de Fomento CAFTA-DR Central America Free Trade Agreement (Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Centroamérica, Estados
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