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Regional Relations in Bankfull Channel Characteristics Determined from Flow Measurements at Selected Stream-Gaging Stations in West Virginia, 1911-2002

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Regional Relations in Bankfull Channel Characteristics Determined from Flow Measurements at Selected Stream-Gaging Stations in West Virginia, 1911-2002 Regional Relations in Bankfull Channel Characteristics Determined from Flow Measurements at Selected Stream-Gaging Stations in West Virginia, 1911-2002 By Terence Messinger and Jeffrey B. Wiley West Virginia Department of Transportation, Division of Highways West Virginia Conservation Agency Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4276 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2004 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to repro- duce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Messinger, Terence, and Wiley, J.B., 2004, Regional relations in bankfull channel characteristics determined from flow measurements at selected stream-gaging stations in West Virginia, 1911-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resourc- es Investigations Report 03-4276, 43 p. iii Contents Introduction . 1 Purpose and scope . 2 Description of study area. 2 Stream gaging network in West Virginia. 5 Historical trends in the extent of the network . 5 Limitations of data available from the stream-gaging network . 5 Basin characteristics of gaged streams . 11 Acknowledgements. 11 Methods . 11 Standard measurement procedures at stream-gaging stations. 11 Database construction and quality assurance procedures . 11 Factors affecting selection of stream-gaging stations for analysis. 12 Relations of flow with area, width, and average depth at cross sections. 12 Bridges . 13 Backwater . 13 Bankfull channel characteristics and regional relations . 15 Regional relations in bankfull channel characteristics . 15 Cross-sectional area . 23 Average depth. 24 Width. 28 Stream-gaging stations with two or more high-flow cross sections. 28 Summary. 30 References cited . 31 Appendix 1 . 33 iv Figures 1-4. Maps showing: 1. Physiographic provinces of West Virginia, and selected towns and cities. 3 2. Altitudes in West Virginia . 3 3. Mean annual precipitation in West Virginia. .4 4.. Two-year, 24-hour precipitation intensity, in inches, in West Virginia . .4 5. Graph showing number of continuous-record and annual-peak stream-gaging stations in West Vir- ginia, 1900-2001. .5 6. Map showing selected stream-gaging stations in West Virginia . .6 7-16. Graphs showing: 7. Relations between area and flow for (1) all flow measurements made at the Middle Fork near Audra, W.Va., 1988-20001, and selected earlier high-flow measurements, and (2) flow measure- ments made from the cableway . 13 8. Relation between cross-sectional area and flow for flow measurements made at a bridge over Big Coal River at Ashford, W.Va., and a cableway over Guyandotte River near Baileysville, W.Va., compared to the relation for each stream-gaging station for only those measurements made at flows between 0.5 and 5 times bankfull flow . 14 9. Relation of flow and width at bridges where flow is apparently confined and not confined by the bridge structure . 23 10. Regional relations between drainage area and bankfull cross-sectional area measured during current-meter flow measurements at selected stream-gaging stations in West Virginia . 24 11. Comparison of the area of stream channels at bankfull flow at bridge and cableway cross sec- tions in the Eastern and Western Regions in West Virginia . 25 12. Comparison of the average depth of stream channels at bankfull flow at bridge and cableway cross sections in the Eastern and Western Regions in West Virginia . 26 13. Comparison of the width of stream channels at bankfull flow at bridge and cableway cross sec- tions in the Eastern and Western Regions in West Virginia . 27 14. Regional relations between bankfull average depth determined from current-meter flow mea- surements and drainage area at selected stream-gaging stations in West Virginia . 28 15. Regional relations between bankfull width determined from current-meter flow measurements and drainage area at selected stream-gaging stations in West Virginia . 29 16. Relation of bankfull area, width, and average depth to drainage area at five stream-gaging sta- tions in the Western Region with flow measurements at more than one cross section, com- pared to regression lines and 95 percent confidence intervals for all stream-gaging stations in the Western Region of West Virginia. 30 Tables 1. Map numbers and station numbers for selected stream-gaging stations in West Virginia . .7 2. Regression equations, correlation coefficients, and p-values for the relations between near-bankfull flow and cross-sectional area for stream-gaging stations in West Virginia used to develop regression equations . 16 3. Regression equations, correlation coefficients, and p-values for the relations between near-bankfull flow and average depth for stream-gaging stations in West Virginia used to develop regression equa- tions . 19 4. Regression equations, correlation coefficients, and p-values for the relations between near-bankfull flow and width for stream-gaging stations in West Virginia used to develop regression equations 21 v 5. Equations and regression statistics describing regional relations in drainage area and bankfull chan- nel characteristics at selected stream-gaging stations in West Virginia . 23 1-1. Regression equations for the relation between flow and cross-sectional area, and flow and width for all stream-gaging stations in West Virginia draining less than 2,000 square miles, and with 10 or more years of record and two or more current-meter flow measurements at an identifiable cross section, for all measurements at that cross section . 33. 1-2. Regression equations for the relation between flow and average depth, and flow and width for all stream-gaging stations in West Virginia draining less than 2,000 square miles, and with 10 or more years of record and two to more current-meter flow measurements at an identifiable cross section, for all measurements at that cross section . 38 Conversion Factors and Datum Multiply By To obtain Length inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) Area square foot (ft2) 0.0929.
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