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PROGRESS REPORT NUMBER THREE Geology of Arenac County

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PROGRESS REPORT NUMBER THREE Geology of Arenac County STATE OF MICHIGAN Standish Structure........................................................14 PROGRESS REPORT NUMBER THREE Chapter - V OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION....................15 Geology of Arenac County Gas Production.............................................................15 by Oil Production...............................................................15 Gordon H. Pringle CONCLUSION.................................................................16 Assistant Petroleum Geologist Geological Survey Division Department of Conservation Plates May, 1937 Plate 1. Surface geology of Arenac County. ...........................2 Plate 2. Areal geology of Arenac County. ...............................3 Plate 3. Subsurface structural contour map of Arenac Contents County............................................................................12 Chapter I - INTRODUCTION............................................ 1 Plate 4. Structural contours drawn on the top of the Berea Formation. ......................................................................13 Chapter II - PHYSIOGRAPHY ......................................... 2 Plate 5. Geological cross-section along Line A-B..................13 Chapter III - AREAL GEOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY 3 Plate 6. Composite section along Lake Huron in Section 13, Areal Geology................................................................ 3 T.20N., R.7E. .................................................................14 Pennsylvanian System .................................................. 3 Saginaw Formation ..........................................................4 Parma Sandstone.............................................................4 Chapter I Outcrops ........................................................................ 4 INTRODUCTION Outcrops of Saginaw Formation at Omer. ........................4 Arenac County, made up of less than 11 townships or Outcrop at Old Brick Plant near Omer..............................4 about 370 square miles, is on the west side of Saginaw Outcrop of Rifle River. ......................................................5 Bay with the south line about 25 miles north of Bay City. Other Outcrops.................................................................5 Mississippian System .................................................... 5 Two paved highways cross the county. U.S. 23 extends Bayport Limestone. ..........................................................5 north from Bay City to Standish where it divides, M 76 going northwest to the city of West Branch and U.S. 23 Outcrops ........................................................................ 6 following the Lake Huron shore to Alpena. The county Bear Track Inn Section.....................................................6 and township roads are in fair condition and with the Harmon City Section. .......................................................6 state roads give access to almost any section in the Outcrop on Ridge in Sections 23 and 24, T. 20N., R.7E. .7 county. Whitestone Point Section. ................................................7 Outcrop at Point au Gres..................................................8 Two railroads serve Arenac County. The Michigan Vaughn’s Quarry. .............................................................8 Central Railroad passes through Standish and extends Griffen Quarry...................................................................9 northwest to West Branch; the Detroit and Mackinaw Kaven's Quarry (at Fire Tower). .......................................9 Railroad has its right of way through the eastern part of Michigan Formation........................................................10 the county passing through Sagining, Pine River, Omer, Outcrops ...................................................................... 10 Twining, and Turner. Outcrop Near Corner of Sections 10, 11, 14 and 15, Whitney township, T.20N., R.7E.....................................10 The principal town is Standish which is also the county Outcrop on M. 65............................................................10 seat. Marshall Formation.........................................................11 The main industries are farming and fishing. The farms Coldwater. ......................................................................11 Sunbury. .........................................................................11 are located on the morainal and clay areas. The fishing Berea-Bedford. ...............................................................11 industry is composed of a few small independent operators located along the Lake Huron shore. There The Mississippian-Devonian........................................ 12 are also some resort areas along the Lake Huron shore, Antrim formation. ............................................................12 mainly in Whitney and Sims townships, and a rapidly The Devonian System ................................................. 12 developing resort region along the Saginaw Bay shore of Traverse-Bell Formations. ..............................................12 AuGres township. Dundee Formation..........................................................12 Geological interest has been renewed in this county Chapter IV - STRUCTURE............................................. 13 during the past few years because of the possibility of oil Clayton Structure......................................................... 13 and gas production. This interest was greatly increased by the discovery of a small field in Clayton township in Sterling Structure......................................................... 14 November, 1936. Progress Report 3 – Page 1 of 16 This report is written to bring together the available data along the sandy lake shore. on the county and to point out areas where further The sand and clay areas are in belts trending roughly exploration might be profitable. parallel to the Port Huron moraine. The sand represents deposits in shallow water and the clay in deeper water of the former glacial lakes. The low sandy plain extending southwestward from the east side of the town of Alger represents an old drainage way of the Au Sable and Rifle Rivers to the Tittabawassee River which was in use at the time the ice stood at the Port Huron moraine on the east side of the Rifle River (Leverett)1. The eastern outlets of the Au Sable and Rifle Rivers being blocked, drainage was forced southwestward through the Tittabawassee. This area was afterwards covered by a later stage of the glacial lakes. The sand plains about Pinnacle Hill in Section 2, Deep 2 River township, represent, according to Gregory , a delta deposit of a stream which occupied the present Plate 1. Surface geology of Arenac County. headwaters of the Rifle River and discharged into glacial Lake Warren. A stratified gravel deposit in the southeast quarter of Section 31, Clayton township, well above the Chapter II present river level, possibly represents a near shore PHYSIOGRAPHY phase of this delta. Geologically Arenac County is near the northeastern Several sand belts parallel the shore lines of the former edge of the central portion of the Michigan basin, and glacial lakes. The most prominent shore lines are those physiographically in the Glacial Lake Plain Section about of Lake Warren, which may easily be identified in places Saginaw Bay. The surface of the area differs from the along the east side of the Port Huron moraine, and the greater portion of the glaciated surface of the State in shores of Lakes Algonquin and Nippissing, (Plate 1) being composed of sediments, largely of sand and clay, North and west of Standish are other fragmental sand laid down in large bodies of water, because at the time ridges now somewhat obscured by wind action. The the Saginaw lowland was uncovered by the retreating ridges are below the Warren beach and above the ice it was covered by a lake, the impounded waters Algonquin and may possibly represent the shore lines of dammed against the ice front. glacial lakes, Grassmere and Lundy.3 The Port Huron moraine which marks a temporary The sandy region between the Algonquin and Nippissing readvance of the ice front somewhat modifies the lake beaches from Saganing north to Omer is characterized plain. This moraine extends from near the southwest by small sand dunes. corner of the county northeastward into Clayton and Mason townships. Other morainic areas are in the The clay areas are usually quite flat to gently rolling. extreme northwest corner of the county, in the They are composed of a dark blue heavy clay with northwestern corner of Moffat township, and a very occasional sand lenses and a few small pebbles. subdued water laid moraine is near Lake Huron in the There are three main rivers in the county. The most northeast corner (in northeastern Whitney township, To important is the Rifle River which is entrenched in a 20 No, Ro 7 E.). valley about 100 feet deep at the north line of Arenac In the southwest corner of Clayton township the Port County and more than 150 feet deep at Pinnacle Hill. Huron moraine is cut by the deep valley of the Rifle The river drops from approximately 700 feet above sea River. The highest elevations in the county are along level at the north county line to lake level where it enters this moraine a short distance north of the river at slightly Saginaw Bay, a drop of 120 feet or an average of 6 feet over 850 feet. From this area the elevations drop per mile. This drop is greater in the northern portion of
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