Leachate Treatment
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A Combined Vermifiltration-Hydroponic System
applied sciences Article A Combined Vermifiltration-Hydroponic System for Swine Wastewater Treatment Kirill Ispolnov 1,*, Luis M. I. Aires 1,Nídia D. Lourenço 2 and Judite S. Vieira 1 1 Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), School of Technology and Management (ESTG), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; [email protected] (L.M.I.A.); [email protected] (J.S.V.) 2 Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO)-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT), NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Intensive swine farming causes strong local environmental impacts by generating ef- fluents rich in solids, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pathogenic bacteria. Insufficient treatment of hog farm effluents has been reported for common technologies, and vermifiltration is considered a promising treatment alternative that, however, requires additional processes to remove nitrate and phosphorus. This work aimed to study the use of vermifiltration with a downstream hydroponic culture to treat hog farm effluents. A treatment system comprising a vermifilter and a downstream deep-water culture hydroponic unit was built. The treated effluent was reused to dilute raw wastewater. Electrical conductivity, pH, and changes in BOD5, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorus, and coliform bacteria were assessed. Plants were monitored throughout the experiment. Electrical conductivity increased due to vermifiltration; pH stayed within a neutral to mild alkaline range. Vermifiltration removed 83% of BOD5, 99% of ammonia and nitrite, and increased nitrate by Citation: Ispolnov, K.; Aires, L.M.I.; 11%. -
Treatment of Sewage by Vermifiltration: a Review
Treatment of Sewage by Vermifiltration: A Review 1 2 Jatin Patel , Prof. Y. M. Gajera 1 M.E. Environmental Management, L.D. College of Engineering Ahmedabad -15 2 Assistant professor, Environmental Engineering, L.D. College of Engineering Ahmedabad -15 Abstract: A centralized treatment facility often faces problems of high cost of collection, treatment and disposal of wastewater and hence the growing needs for small scale decentralized eco-friendly alternative treatment options are necessary. Vermifiltration is such method where wastewater is treated using earthworms. Earthworm's body works as a biofilter and have been found to remove BOD, COD, TDS, and TSS by general mechanism of ingestion, biodegradation, and absorption through body walls. There is no sludge formation in vermifiltration process which requires additional cost on landfill disposal and it is also odor-free process. Treated water also can used for farm irrigation and in parks and gardens. The present study will evaluate the performance of vermifiltration for parameters like BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, phosphorus and nitrogen for sewage. Keywords: Vermifiltration, Earthworms, Wastewater, Ingestion, Absorption Introduction Due to the increasing population and scarcity of treatment area, high cost of wastewater collection and its treatment is not allowing the conventional STP everywhere. Hence, cost effective decentralized and eco-friendly treatments are required. Many developing countries can‟t afford the construction of STPs, and thus, there is a growing need for developing some ecologically safe and economically viable onsite small-scale wastewater treatment technologies. [24] The discharge of untreated wastewater in surface and sub-surface water courses is the most important source of contamination of water resources. -
Leachate Quantities After Closure of a Landfill
Leachate Quantities after Closure of a Landfill Ali Khatami, Ph.D., P.E., The leachate quantities for SCS Engineers the period of 2010 through 2014 were obtained and Criteria for the solid waste analyzed. The data clearly landfills (40 CFR Part 258 shows a downward trend of or the Subtitle D Federal) leachate quantities following have been around for over 30 closure, as would be years and many municipal expected. Leachate collected solid waste (MSW) landfills from the landfill during have been constructed 2010 was reported on a with lining systems in monthly basis when leachate accordance with the Subtitle quantities after closure were D requirements. However, still high and needed to be very few Subtitle D landfills removed from the facility have been entirely closed for disposal every month. with final covers that include However, leachate quantities a geomembrane barrier layer. rapidly decreased and The significance of the final Glades County Landfill after closing. monthly shipment of leachate covers with geomembrane was no longer necessary; is that percolation of rain Since the landfill was closed in one single construction event, rain water instead, leachate was removed when water into the landfill essentially the storage tank reached a point that stops following completion of the percolation was essentially eliminated almost instantaneously considering the leachate had to be removed and final cover. Assuming the final cover quantities reported. Therefore, the the 20-year time frame the landfill was system remains intact, leachate that data did not have monthly values, but continues to be generated after closure open. It is important to note that the maximum thickness of waste in the clusters of several-months data. -
The Biological Treatment Method for Landfill Leachate
E3S Web of Conferences 202, 06006 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020206006 ICENIS 2020 The biological treatment method for landfill leachate Siti Ilhami Firiyal Imtinan1*, P. Purwanto1,2, Bambang Yulianto1,3 1Master Program of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia 3Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia Abstract. Currently, waste generation in Indonesia is increasing; the amount of waste generated in a year is around 67.8 million tons. Increasing the amount of waste generation can cause other problems, namely water from the decay of waste called leachate. Leachate can contaminate surface water, groundwater, or soil if it is streamed directly into the environment without treatment. Between physical and chemical, biological methods, and leachate transfer, the most effective treatment is the biological method. The purpose of this article is to understand the biological method for leachate treatment in landfills. It can be concluded that each method has different treatment results because it depends on the leachate characteristics and the treatment method. These biological methods used to treat leachate, even with various leachate characteristics, also can be combined to produce effluent from leachate treatment below the established standards. Keywords. Leachate treatment; biological method; landfill leachate. 1. Introduction Waste generation in Indonesia is increasing, as stated by the Minister of Environment and Forestry, which recognizes the challenges of waste problems in Indonesia are still very large. The amount of waste generated in a year is around 67.8 million tons and will continue to grow in line with population growth [1]. -
Sequencing Batch Reactors: Principles, Design/Operation and Case Studies - S
WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES - Sequencing Batch Reactors: Principles, Design/Operation and Case Studies - S. Vigneswaran, M. Sundaravadivel, D. S. Chaudhary SEQUENCING BATCH REACTORS: PRINCIPLES, DESIGN/OPERATION AND CASE STUDIES S. Vigneswaran, M. Sundaravadivel, and D. S. Chaudhary Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Australia Keywords: Activated sludge process, return activated sludge, sludge settling, wastewater treatment, Contents 1. Background 2. The SBR technology for wastewater treatment 3. Physical description of the SBR system 3.1 FILL Phase 3.2 REACT Phase 3.3 SETTLE Phase 3.4 DRAW or DECANT Phase 3.5 IDLE Phase 4. Components and configuration of SBR system 5. Control of biological reactions through operating strategies 6. Design of SBR reactor 7. Costs of SBR 8. Case studies 8.1 Quakers Hill STP 8.2 SBR for Nutrient Removal at Bathhurst Sewage Treatment Plant 8.3 St Marys Sewage Treatment plant 8.4 A Small Cheese-Making Dairy in France 8.5 A Full-scale Sequencing Batch Reactor System for Swine Wastewater Treatment, Lo and Liao (2007) 8.6 Sequencing Batch Reactor for Biological Treatment of Grey Water, Lamin et al. (2007) 8.7 SBR Processes in Wastewater Plants, Larrea et al (2007) 9. Conclusion GlossaryUNESCO – EOLSS Bibliography Biographical Sketches SAMPLE CHAPTERS Summary Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is a fill-and-draw activated sludge treatment system. Although the processes involved in SBR are identical to the conventional activated sludge process, SBR is compact and time oriented system, and all the processes are carried out sequentially in the same tank. -
Troubleshooting Activated Sludge Processes Introduction
Troubleshooting Activated Sludge Processes Introduction Excess Foam High Effluent Suspended Solids High Effluent Soluble BOD or Ammonia Low effluent pH Introduction Review of the literature shows that the activated sludge process has experienced operational problems since its inception. Although they did not experience settling problems with their activated sludge, Ardern and Lockett (Ardern and Lockett, 1914a) did note increased turbidity and reduced nitrification with reduced temperatures. By the early 1920s continuous-flow systems were having to deal with the scourge of activated sludge, bulking (Ardem and Lockett, 1914b, Martin 1927) and effluent suspended solids problems. Martin (1927) also describes effluent quality problems due to toxic and/or high-organic- strength industrial wastes. Oxygen demanding materials would bleedthrough the process. More recently, Jenkins, Richard and Daigger (1993) discussed severe foaming problems in activated sludge systems. Experience shows that controlling the activated sludge process is still difficult for many plants in the United States. However, improved process control can be obtained by systematically looking at the problems and their potential causes. Once the cause is defined, control actions can be initiated to eliminate the problem. Problems associated with the activated sludge process can usually be related to four conditions (Schuyler, 1995). Any of these can occur by themselves or with any of the other conditions. The first is foam. So much foam can accumulate that it becomes a safety problem by spilling out onto walkways. It becomes a regulatory problem as it spills from clarifier surfaces into the effluent. The second, high effluent suspended solids, can be caused by many things. It is the most common problem found in activated sludge systems. -
Guidance for Leachate Recirculation at Municipal Solid Waste Landfills
Guidance for Leachate Recirculation at Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Waste/Solid Waste #5.08 • June 2009 Introduction leachate generation, and thus, potential groundwater quality impacts. This Guidance has been developed to meet three goals: Of the waste in landfills at Minnesota Contents MSWLFs in 2006, approximately 77 1. Provide municipal solid waste percent went to facilities that currently Introduction ............... 1 landfill (MSWLF) owners with the have active gas collection systems History ....................... 1 minimum standards to implement Benefits ..................... 2 (Burnsville, Clay, Crow Wing, East Goals......................... 2 leachate recirculation as a tool in Central, Elk River, Pine Bend, and Spruce Design ....................... 3 managing leachate on-site and Ridge). Also in 2006, 43 percent of the Operation .................. 4 minimizing the long-term impact of waste stream went to facilities that Landfill gas the disposed waste to human health recirculate their leachate (Crow Wing, East management ............. 5 and the environment. Monitoring ................. 5 Central, Elk River, Lyon, Morrison, and Physical monitoring 2. Encourage the control of greenhouse Spruce Ridge). parameters ................ 6 Leachate monitoring gas (GHG) emissions at MSWLFs. parameters ................ 6 3. Encourage the production of energy Gas monitoring parameters ................ 7 from landfill gas as an alternative Reporting................... 8 renewable energy source. Closure...................... 9 Long-term care.......... 9 It is the intention of the Minnesota Contact information ... 9 Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) to approve leachate recirculation through permit reissuance or major permit modification at MSWLFs that meet the minimum guidelines outlined herein. This guidance supersedes any previous policy or guidance on leachate recirculation. Current MSWLF design and operation does not promote the degradation of History disposed organic wastes within a In 2006, almost 1.5 million tons of waste reasonable timeframe. -
Pesticide Waste Leachate Toxicity Evaluation and Hazard Quotient Derivation by Allium Assay
Current World Enviroment Vol. 2(2), 221-224 (2007) Pesticide waste leachate toxicity evaluation and hazard quotient derivation by Allium assay SARVESH and PRABHAKAR P. SINGH Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University, Faizabad - 2244 001 (India) (Received: November 12, 2007; Accepted: December 23, 2007) ABSTRACT This study was envisaged to explore the impact of pesticide solid waste leachate to Allium cepa (common onion) bulbs. Bulbs exposed to the leachate showed hampered root growth and morphological deformities. At 15% and higher concentrations of leachate after 5 days, gall like swellings were noticed around the mitotic zone (zone of root growth). From the dose response th th th th curve, the EC50 values for the 5 , 10 , 15 and 20 day were calculated and the highest EC50 value, th th 24.9%, was for the 5 day while the lowest EC50 value, 20%, was for the 20 day. The EC50 decreases th th th from 5 to the 20 day successively. The 5 day EC50 was used to determine the hazard quotient (HQ) of the pesticide waste leachate from the dumping site. A value of 4.49 as HQ suggests that that there is considerable risk, as any value of HQ above one (>1) is environmentally unacceptable. The response in root growth pattern, residue analysis and the HQ indicates that the leachate is toxic to rot growth of onion and steps for proper management of hazardous waste and leachate are urgently required. Keywords: Allium cepa; bioassay; pesticide waste; leachate; EC50; hazard quotient INTRODUCTION studies6,7 and risk characterization is the estimation of the incidence and severity of the effects likelihood According to a 1997 market estimate, to occur in an environmental compartment due to approximately 5684 million pounds of pesticide actual or predicted exposure to a chemical. -
FULLTEXT01.Pdf
http://www.diva-portal.org This is the published version of a paper published in Science of the Total Environment. Citation for the original published paper (version of record): Arp, H P., Morin, N A., Andersson, P L., Hale, S E., Wania, F. et al. (2020) The presence, emission and partitioning behavior of polychlorinated biphenyls in waste, leachate and aerosols from Norwegian waste-handling facilities Science of the Total Environment, 715: 1-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136824 Access to the published version may require subscription. N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-169377 Science of the Total Environment 715 (2020) 136824 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science of the Total Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv The presence, emission and partitioning behavior of polychlorinated biphenyls in waste, leachate and aerosols from Norwegian waste- handling facilities Hans Peter H. Arp a,b,⁎, Nicolas A.O. Morin a,c,PatrikL.Anderssond, Sarah E. Hale a, Frank Wania e, Knut Breivik f,g, Gijs D. Breedveld a,h a Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway b Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway c Environmental and Food Laboratory of Vendée (LEAV), Department of Chemistry, Rond-point Georges Duval CS 80802, 85021 La Roche-sur-Yon, France d Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden e Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada f Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. -
Effectively Managing Landfill Leachate Odor Control With
Leachate Management As Seen In Effectively Managing Landfill Leachate Odor Control with Permanganate Oxidizing agents can be introduced to landfill leachate during wastewater treatment to kill the offending bacteria and reduce odor emissions to zero. Permanganate application successfully controls obnoxious odors that are released when storing and transferring landfill leachate. n By John Boll Leachate is formed when liquid passes through a landfill and odor emissions to zero. In the cases described in this article, mixes with degraded waste, picking up dissolved and suspended oxidizers such as hydrogen peroxide and chlorine were tested material. This nasty liquid contains organic and inorganic but not suitable for elimination of the offending odor. However, contaminants as well as heavy metals and pathogens. permanganate application successfully controlled obnoxious odors High levels of odor causing compounds are also found in leachate. that were released when storing and transferring landfill leachate. The primary odorant is volatile hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which When sodium permanganate is injected into leachate, in accumulates to very high levels in closed wet wells, junction boxes minutes, it reacts with dissolved hydrogen sulfide, reducing odor and pipes of collection systems. Hydrogen sulfide is generated by emissions to zero. the conversion of dissolved sulfate by anaerobic bacteria. It has an easily recognizable unpleasant, rotten egg characteristic. It Site #1 Background is detected by the human nose at very low threshold levels, but A landfill in the Northeastern U.S. operates one open cell and can also desensitize the nose after short-term exposure. Hydrogen accepts construction and demolition waste, including wall board. sulfide is a dense, heavier-than-air gas and it accumulates in Numerous neighbor complaints about odors associated with the confined spaces. -
Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet: Trickling Filters
United States Office of Water EPA 832-F-00-014 Environmental Protection Washington, D.C. September 2000 Agency Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet Trickling Filters DESCRIPTION ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Trickling filters (TFs) are used to remove organic Some advantages and disadvantages of TFs are matter from wastewater. The TF is an aerobic listed below. treatment system that utilizes microorganisms attached to a medium to remove organic matter Advantages from wastewater. This type of system is common to a number of technologies such as rotating C Simple, reliable, biological process. biological contactors and packed bed reactors (bio- towers). These systems are known as C Suitable in areas where large tracts of land attached-growth processes. In contrast, systems in are not available for land intensive treatment which microorganisms are sustained in a liquid are systems. known as suspended-growth processes. C May qualify for equivalent secondary APPLICABILITY discharge standards. TFs enable organic material in the wastewater to be C Effective in treating high concentrations of adsorbed by a population of microorganisms organics depending on the type of medium (aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative bacteria; fungi; used. algae; and protozoa) attached to the medium as a biological film or slime layer (approximately 0.1 to C Appropriate for small- to medium-sized 0.2 mm thick). As the wastewater flows over the communities. medium, microorganisms already in the water gradually attach themselves to the rock, slag, or C Rapidly reduce soluble BOD5 in applied plastic surface and form a film. The organic wastewater. material is then degraded by the aerobic microorganisms in the outer part of the slime layer. -
The Activated Sludge Process Part 1 Revised July 2014
Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator Certification Training Module 15: The Activated Sludge Process Part 1 Revised July 2014 This course includes content developed by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (Pa. DEP) in cooperation with the following contractors, subcontractors, or grantees: The Pennsylvania State Association of Township Supervisors (PSATS) Gannett Fleming, Inc. Dering Consulting Group Penn State Harrisburg Environmental Training Center MODULE 15: THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS - PART 1 Topical Outline Unit 1 – General Description of the Activated Sludge Process I. Definitions A. Activated Sludge B. Activated Sludge Process II. The Activated Sludge Process Description A. Organisms B. Secondary Clarification C. Activated Sludge Process Control III. Activated Sludge Plants A. Types of Plants B. Factors that Upset Plant Operation IV. Unit Review V. References Unit 2 – Aeration I. Purpose of Aeration II. Aeration Methods A. Mechanical B. Diffused III. Aeration Systems A. Mechanical Aeration Systems B. Diffused Aeration Systems Bureau of Safe Drinking Water, Department of Environmental Protection Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator Training i MODULE 15: THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS - PART 1 IV. Safety Procedures A. Aeration Tanks and Clarifiers B. Surface Aerators C. Air Filters D. Blowers E. Air Distribution System F. Air Headers and Diffusers V. Review VI. References Unit 3 – New Plant Start-Up Procedures I. Purpose of Plant and Equipment Review A. Document Familiarization B. Equipment Familiarization II. Equipment and Structures Check A. Flow Control Gates and Valves B. Piping and Channels C. Weirs D. Froth Control System E. Air System F. Secondary Clarifier III. Process Start-Up A. Process Units B. Process Control IV. Unit Review V.