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New Columbariinae (Gastropoda: Turbinellidae) from the Indian Ocean

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New Columbariinae (Gastropoda: Turbinellidae) from the Indian Ocean THE NAUTILUS 118(3):93±102, 2004 Page 93 New Columbariinae (Gastropoda: Turbinellidae) from the Indian Ocean M. G. Harasewych Department of Zoology, MRC 163 National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution PO Box 37012 Washington, DC 20013-7012 USA [email protected] ABSTRACT (USNM), the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN), the Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg Four new species of Columbariinae are described from the (NM), and the Western Australian Museum (WAM). Indian Ocean, based on museum material. Coluzea kallistropha While the increased sampling of soft bottom deep-sea inhabits the lower continental slope off Mozambique and the habitats is likely to continue to bring additional colum- KwaZulu-Natal coast of South Africa, and may easily be distin- guished from its congeners by its lower spire and broad, ¯ange- bariine taxa to light, the known fauna is beginning to like peripheral keel. Coluzea madagascarensis occurs on the provide insights into patterns of allopatric speciation and upper continental slope along the southwestern coast of Mad- bathymetric zonation, as well as to common ecopheno- agascar. Diagnostic features include long, radial spines along typic adaptations in different oceans. the shell periphery and strong spiral sculpture. Columbarium quadrativaricosum is presently known only from the upper SYSTEMATICS continental slope off Transkei, South Africa. Its distinctive, thick, squarish varices serve to distinguish it from closely re- Family Turbinellidae Swainson, 1840 lated species. Coluzea naxa is known only from its type locality Subfamily Columbariinae Tomlin, 1928 along the uppermost continental slope off the Northwest Shelf Genus Coluzea Allan, 1926 of Western Australia. It is readily discerned from its geograph- ically proximal congeners on the basis of its smaller, thinner, Coluzea kallistropha new species shell, prominent rounded axial sculpture, and posteriorly di- (Figures 1±7) rected spines. Diagnosis: A moderate sized species with a narrow, fusiform, white shell with a broad, laterally oriented, ¯ange-like keel along the shell periphery with an un- INTRODUCTION dulating edge and spiral threads along both surfaces. A weak but distinct anterior carina is present. Shoulder The subfamily Columbariinae represents an early [Maes- sloping. Spiral sculpture consists of 1±2 strong, rectan- trichtian (Darragh, 1969)] and diverse radiation of ver- gular, widely spaced spiral cords between the suture and mivorous Turbinellidae that has, since the Neogene, the periphery, 1±3 cords between periphery and siphon- been restricted to habitats ranging from outer continen- al canal, and 5±8 along the proximal portion of the long, tal shelf to abyssal depths along continental margins. The axial siphonal canal. Inner lip formed of a smooth glaze subfamily is currently known from 52 Recent species deposited after the outer shell layer of the previous and subspecies, with greatest diversity occurring along whorl is resorbed. the western margins of ocean basins [western Atlantic Ocean 5 11 species; western Indian Ocean 5 14 species Description: Shell (Figures 1, 3, 6) of moderate size (3 new herein); western Paci®c 5 17 species and sub- (to 52 mm), thin to moderately heavy, fusiform; spire species]. Six species (1 new herein) are presently known angle 35±438. Protoconch (Figure 4) eroded, estimated from the eastern Indian Ocean, and single species have to consist of 1½ in¯ated whorl, ®rst whorl de¯ected from been described from the eastern Paci®c, the Antarctic, coiling axis of shell by 75±858. Transition to teleoconch and the Bering Sea. The taxa described herein are based indistinct, eroded. Teleoconch extrapolated to consist of on specimens collected by the research vessels ANTON 8 strongly convex nearly triangular whorls. Suture abut- BRUUN,MASCAREIGNES III, MEIRING NAUDEÂ , and LADY ted to previous whorl just anterior to strong cord form- BASTEN and housed in the collections of the National ing anterior carina (Figure 1, ac). Earliest discernible Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution sculpture consists of strong axial ribs (10 per whorl on Page 94 THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 118, No. 3 Figures 1±6. Coluzea kallistropha new species. 1±2. Holotype [USNM 718517], 60 mi NE Ponta SaÄo SebastiaÄo, Mozambique, 218189 S, 368189 E, in 1510±1600 m. 1. Apertural, right lateral, dorsal, and apical views of shell. 2. Outer and inner surfaces of operculum. 3±5. Paratype 1 [USNM 717921] 100 mi SE Lourenco Marques, Mozambique, 278099 S, 348099 E, in 1335 m. 3. Apertural, right lateral, and dorsal views of shell. 4. Lateral view of protoconch and early whorls. 5. Periostracum between suture and shell periphery. 6. Paratype 2 [NM A76] Durban Bay, from dredgings dumped at head of bay. Scale bar (1 cm) applies to all entire shells. Abbreviations: ac, anterior carina, c, spiral cord. M. G. Harasewych, 2004 Page 95 zambique, 218189 S, 368189 E, in 1510±1600 m, Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Trawl, ANTON BRUUN Cruise 8, sta. 399C, 2 October 1964. Type Material: Holotype, USNM 718517, 51.35 mm, from the type locality; Paratype 1, USNM 717921, 26.60 mm, 100 mi SE Lourenco Marques, Mozambique, 278099 S, 348099 E, in 1335 m, ANTON BRUUN Cruise 7, sta. 374C, 23 August 1964; Paratype 2, NM A76, 42.22 mm, Durban Bay, from dredgings dumped at head of bay, 2 December 1972. Distribution (Figure 7): The presently known range of this species extends from southern Mozambique southward to KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, at depths of 1335 to 1600 m. Etymology: Kallistropha 5 kallimosÐGreek, beauti- ful 1 stropheÐGreek, a turning, twist. Figure 7. Geographic distributions of new species of Colu- Remarks: Coluzea kallistropha is most closely related zea and Columbarium from the western Indian Ocean. Coluzea kallistropha new species, open circle 5 type locality, solid cir- to Coluzea eastwoodae Kilburn, 1971, and Coluzea juliae cles 5 additional localities. Coluzea madagascarensis new spe- Harasewych, 1989, but may easily be distinguished from cies, open diamond 5 type locality, solid diamonds 5 addi- both by its broad, ¯ange-like peripheral keel, and by the tional localities. Columbarium quadrativaricosum new species, sculpture between the suture and peripheral keel open triangle 5 type locality, solid triangles 5 additional lo- (smooth in C. eastwoodae; 2±3 broad, squarish hollow calities. cords in C. juliae; 1±2 strong, narrow cords in C. kallis- tropha). These three species inhabit the same geograph- ic area off the southeastern coast of Africa, but have second teleoconch whorl) crossed by strong spiral cords different bathymetric ranges. Coluzea eastwoodae, the (3 above and 3 below periphery). By third teleoconch most widely sampled species, has been reported from whorl, short, broad, open, laterally directed spines form depths ranging from 150 to 740 m, with the deepest live along periphery. By fourth teleoconch whorl, axial ribs taken specimen presently known being from 570 m. diminish in prominence; spines fuse to form continuous Based on the few specimens of C. juliae to be sampled peripheral keel with 3 weaker spiral cords above, and with precise depth data, the con®rmed bathymetric two below the keel. By ®fth teleoconch whorl, axial range for this species is 600 to 700 m. The two live sculpture becomes indistinct except for ®ne growth collected types of C. kallistropha were collected along lines, keel increases in size. Spiral sculpture becomes the lower continental slope, at depths of 1335 to 1600 more pronounced, with 1±2 strong hollow cords be- m, among the deepest for any species of Columbariinae. tween suture and periphery, 1±3 between periphery and While most living Columbariinae occur on sand and mud siphonal canal, 5±8 along proximal portion of siphonal bottoms along the outer continental shelf and upper canal, decreasing in prominence distally. Finer spiral continental slope, two species of Fulgurofusus, F. ben- threads (1±3) between adjacent cords, 7±12 undulating thocallis (Melvill and Standen, 1907) and F. aequilonius threads along adapical and abapical surfaces of periph- Sysoev, 2000, are known to occur on the abyssal plain in eral keel. Aperture broadly ovate, roughly triangular, polar regions, the former off the South Orkney Islands, sharply tapering anteriorly, de¯ected from shell axis by the latter in the Bering Sea. 8 23±26 . Outer lip glazed, furrows beneath spiral cords, It is interesting to note that a phenotype with a broad, deepest beneath peripheral keel. Inner lip smooth, outer laterally directed, ¯ange-like keel occurs in most regions shell layer comprising surface sculpture resorbed along with a high diversity of columbariines (e.g., Fulgurofusus parietal region, columella and siphonal canal prior to de- brayi Clench, 1959Ðwestern Atlantic; Coluzea kallistro- position of thin porcellaneous glaze. Siphonal canal long, phaÐwestern Indian Ocean; Coluzea altocanallis (Dell, axial, stout, straight. Shell color uniformly white. Perios- 1956)ÐNew Zealand; Columbarium pagodoides (Wat- tracum (Figure 5) thin, straw-colored, lamellose and son, 1882)Ðeastern Australia), suggesting that the mor- ®nely hirsute, forming low, broad tufts along spiral cords phology may be an ecophenotypic response to a partic- and threads (Figure 5, c). Operculum (Figure 2) thin, ular substrate or habitat. claw-shaped, broadly rounded posteriorly, sharply taper- ing anteriorly, leading to a terminal nucleus. Inner sur- Coluzea madagascarensis new species face with thin glaze covering anterior region and nucle- (Figures 7±17) us, de®ning rounded attachment region. Soft tissues, radula unknown. Diagnosis: A large species, with heavy, narrow, fusi- Type Locality: 60 mi NE Ponta SaÄo SebastiaÄo, Mo- form shell, prominent and persistent strongly shouldered Page 96 THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 118, No. 3 Figures 8±16. Coluzea madagascarensis new species. 8±9. Holotype [MNHN], off SW Madagascar, 228189 S, 438059 E, in 450± 500 m. 8. Apertural, right lateral, and dorsal views of shell. 9. Outer and inner surfaces of operculum. 10±11. Paratype 1 [USNM 1018395], off SW Madagascar, 228179 S, 438049 E, in 425±450 m. 10. Apertural and dorsal views of shell.
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