DOCSLIB.ORG

Report on the Results of a Census of the Dominion of New Zealand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report on the Results of a Census of the Dominion of New Zealand D HA RE POUT RESULTS OF A CENSUS DOMINION OF NEW ZEALAND TAKEN FOK THE NIGHT OF THK im< APRIL, K r- < WU. c KV 3J 30 O M. ERASER, Government Htatibthian. |X[T, WELLINGTON, N.Z. Bv AuTHOiUTV : John Mackay, (iovRRNMEXT Printhr. London : Eyrk and Spottisvvoodk, Pr.EKT Street, E.C. 1913. UNIVERSITY of CALIFORWJ 130123X ^ AT LOS ANGELES LIBRARY HA ^=\ 1 1 CONTENTS. Inthodlctokv (Pafies l-i). Date lit' Census nf New Zealand aii(] Bi'itish Enj|iiie Date of .Maori Census Census lit' Cook anil otlier Annexed Pai'ific Islands l''orm of Hoiiseliold Schedule Collection of Agiicultuie and Live-stock Statistics Collection ol Industiial Statistics Heport to Hepiesentation Couiniissioners Publication of Census Results Cost of Census Ai'rangements for Census ... Division of Dominion into Districts. Number of Enumerators and Sub-Enumerators Compilation of Kesults Compilation Staff eniployed Writing and Sorting of Cards Compilatior. of Industrial Statislics by Selected Clerks . I'aHX 1. POHILATION AND H<)l><El> (Pages 7-26j. Total, Euro|>ean, Half-caste, Maori, and Chinese Popidation Population of Cook and other Anne.xed Pacific Islands Population of Principal Divisions ... ,s Increase of Popvdatioii at Successive Censnse.- <) Compaiison of Census Populations with Department's Estimates !l I'o|iulation of Provincial Districts 9 Population of Counties and Boroughs III Population of Chief Cities and Suburbs N Population of Town Districts !.-) Population of Small Centres 16 Population of .\djaeent Islands j-> Population on Shipboard . 22 Proportions of Sexes 22 Density of Population 22 Density of Inhabited Dwellings 22 Descriptions of Dwellings 23 Persons to each Inhaljited Dwelling, Chief Cities and Donunion ... 25 rninhabited Dwellinghouses 25 Houses in course of Erection 25 Average Weekly Rents in ceitain Boroughs 26 PaKT 11. ilKI.IGIOXSi OK THK Peoi'I,)-; (Pages •>{)-2 Numbers of Adiierents of the vario\is Denominations, also Propnrticins pei Cent, of Population 20 .Numbers for each Denomination, 1906 and 1911 Proportions of Sexes in the various Denominations 29 Paist 111. — BinrHFi,ACi;t< ok tue Pkovi.e (Pages 30-;}2) New Zealand-, .Australian-, ami Mritislj-born Population 30 Eoreign-born Population 30 Increases and Decreases since 1906 30 Detailed Table of Birthplaces, showing Comjiarison^ with 1906 31 — — — 1 IV id). Pa1!T IV. AUK^ OF TllK PeOFI.E ( Pll^'eS ;i2— p»gB N\iinbers in ifitaiu Age-gmups, Fuiir Successivi- Censuses 32 I'lopoitions i^er Cent, umler and "ver 21 .. 34 .Males and l'\iiialus in cectaiii Ayc-gii'Uiis, 190G and 1911 . .34 I'i(i]>iirtions per Cent, in certain Age-groups, Successive Censuses .. 35 Numbers and Proportions at Quimiuennial Age-jieriods 36 Pri>j)ortion of Sexes at Quiucjueunial Age-periods • . ... 37 Population at each Year of Age, including and exchnliiig Chinese ... 37 Ages of Xew-Zealanders on board Ship at Coloniljo ... .. ... ... 39 Ages and !.,engtli of Residence. Persons aged .").") and upwards ... ... ... 39 New Zealand-burn Population aged 55 and uj)Wards ... ... ... 40 Paut V. Conjugal Coxuition of thk I'koim.k (Pages 40-46). Proportions, Males and Feniales, I'nniarried. .Married, and Widowed, at Successive Censuses 40 .Males and Feniales, Unmarried, .Married, Widowed, and Divorced, accoiding to Age-groui>s, Census 1911, also Proportions 41 Proportions in Tliree .\ge-groups of .Married Women, 15 to 45, at Successive Censuses 43 Conjugal Condition of Chinese • •• • • • 4" I'nniarried .Males and Females ... • 4:3 Husbands and Wives •-- ... 43 Widowers and Widows 43 Duration of .Marriagi and Number of Children 43 Marriage and Hirtii Itatet in Australasia 46 Part VI. Education of the Peopi-k (Pages 46-49). i'lopoitions at Successive Censuses of those (1) able to read and write, (2) able to read oiilv, • •• • +6 (3) unable to read . I'lopoitions in Quin(|Ueniiial Age-groups, Census 1911. of Persons, .Males and Females, of the various Standards of Education .• 4( Numbers in <.jhiim|urnnial Age-gmups. Census 1911, of Persons, Males and Females, of the various Standards of Education ... ... 48 -Mark Signatures to Marriage Entries, 1881 and 1911 48 Attendance at School 49 .Vttendancc at Sabbath Schools .. ... 49 Paht Vil. —Infirmity (Pages 50-56). Proportions per 10,000 in l^uin(|ueniiial Age-groups, Deaf and Dumb, Blind, Lunatics, and • ''O Feeble-minded • Numbers in Quinciueimial Age-groups, Deaf and Dumb. Blind, l,uiiatics. and Feeble-minded 51 Deaf and Dumb: Proportions at Successive Censuses 53 Deaf and Dumb: (Occupations (Past or Present) 53 Deaf-muteism in Australasia, 1911 54 Blind: Proportions at Successive Censu.ses 54 Blind: Occupations (Past or Present) 55 Lunacy at Successive Censuses 56 Lunacy in Australasia. 1910 56 Paiit Vlll. — (JtcL I'ATioNs 111 inE Pkoplk (Pages 57-98). Classitication used 1 • •• Definition of Classes . • •• •• ['^ Numbers and Pro]>ortions in the Classes ... •-• ••• 59 61 Numbers and Proportions of Breadwinners in tiie Clas.ses . Totals of Breadwinners Classified accoiding to Grade of Occupation, ^^lll)loye^s. &c. 61 • • • Cneniployed . • • • ""- Numbers and Pro])ortioiis according to Grade and Class ... ... 62 Details of Occupations in Orders and Sub-orders .. Order I. Government, Defence, T,aw. and Protection . .. 64 .-Vrt, Science, and Amusements 66 ,, 2. Religion, Charity. Health. Education. ,, 3. Domestic ... •• • 68 70 ,, 4. Property and Finance . • 5. Dealers in Art or Mechanic Prodvictions 71 6. Dealers, Ac, in Textile Fabrics. Dress, and Fibrous Materials 7.S and Stimulants 71 I Dealers in Fond, Drinks. Narcotics, — — — — Details ol Occupanoiis in Uiders and .Sub-orders coultnued. paoe Order 8. L)Lalers in Animals, and iu Animal and Vegetable .Substances 75 ,, 9. Dealers in Minerals and Substances used for Fuel and Ligtit 76 ,, 10. Dealers iu Minerals other than foi Fuel and Liglit .. 77 ,, 11. General Dealers ... 78 ,, 12. Speculators on Chance Events 79 79 Vi. Storage . ... 14. Ti aiispoit and Coiiiiiiunication . 80 ,, 15. Manufactures, &c. : Art and Mechanic Productions 81 ., 16. Manufactures, &c. : Textile Fabri(;s, Dress, Fibrou.< Materials 85 17. Manufactures, kc. : Food, Drinks, Narcotics, and Stimulants 86 ,, 18. Manufactures, itc. : Animal and Vetretable Substances 88 19. Manufactures. &c. ; .Metals and Mineral Matters 89 ,, 20. Heat, Light, or other Forms nf Energy . 90 ., 21. -Making or repairing Buildings, Roails, Railways, itc. ; Uiidifinecl I,al)our 91 ... ,, 22. Disposal of the Dead, or of Refuse . 92 ,, 23. Industrial Workers imperfectly defined ... 92 ,, 24. Primary Producers : Atrricultural. Pastoral. Mineral. A-c. 9.3 ., 25. Indefinite 96 ,, 26. Dependents upon Natural Guardians . 96 ,, 27. Dependents upon Public or Piivate Support .. 97 r)ccu]iations of the Chinese... ... ... ... ... ... 98 Libharies, othkr Literary Scientific AiM'Kxnix A. Industries: Public and and Ixstitutioxsi ; Places of Worship ("Pages 99-1-37). -Manufactories and Works Compari.son of Total Results. 1911 and 190K . .. 99 Industries in Piovincial Districts ... 101 Details of Principal Industries . ... ... 104 Value of Manufactures. Principal Industries, Five Censuses 108 Hands Employed, Principal Industries, Four Censuses 109 .Motive Power Employed . 110 Ages of Industries .. ... Ill Capital of Registered Companies . 113 Character of Organization . ... ... IU Principal Industries : Reniarks Freezing. Preserving, and Bniling-<ln\vii Wr.rks ll.""! Bacon-curing Establishments 116 Fisli Curing ami Preserving Works 116 Butter and Cheese Factories . 117 Grain-mills ... .. 117 Biscuit-factories ... ... 118 Fruit-preserving and Jam-making .. 118 Confectionery and Sugar-boiling W'orks 119 Breweries ... ... ... 119 Malthouses ... ... ... ,120 Colonial-wine-making Establishments l'2(l -\erated-water and Cordial Factories ... 121 Sauce, Pickle, and Vinegar Making Works . 121 Soap and Candle Works ... 121 Cooperages . ... .. 122 Sawmills and Sash and Door Factories 122 Gasworks . ... .123 Electric-current-supply Works ... .. 124 Electric Tramways ... ... 124 Idme and Cement Works .. 124 Brick, Tile, and Pottery Works 125 Tinware-factories 125 Iron and Brass Foundiies and Boilermaking Establishments .. 125 ' Engineering-works ... ... ... 126 Printing and Bcokliindinir Establishments ... .. .126 -Agricultural-implement Factories . .. ... ... 127 Coachbuilding Establishments 127 Cvcle- works ... ... 127 —— — — . VI .Manufactories and Works—cuii/iininl. I'riiii-ijial liuliiKf rie.s : ilmtMivka- -cuiil i iiuril SiuldlLT}' and Huruuss W uiKs 127 'J'aiiniii";:, Fellniongering, and Wool-sc-niiiiiig Kstal>Iishiin ni- I 28 Estalilishinuuts Ship and Boat Building I 28 Sail, Teut, and Oilskin Making I'actories 128 Kurniture-fact(irie.s 12!» Woollen-mills 129 Clothing and Waterpiuot' Factoiit's ... 130 Ho.siery-t'actories . 130 Boot and Shoe Faitorios 130 Hope and Twine Works i;ii Flax-mills 131 .Mines and Quarries Gold-nuartz Mining and Crushing 132 Hydraulie Gold-mining 13.-i Gold-dredging 133 Collieries 133 Summarized Results 13-1 Fisheries 134 Poultry ... 135 Apiaries 135 Places of Worship 130 Public i.ibrarie^, (fee. i:i7 Appendix B. — M.aori PorLi,.\Tio.\ (Pages I '58-1 10). The Eiiunieration, witli Results I .-is Maori Population at Suece.ssive Censuses 139 Halt-castes 139 Proportions ol' .Maoris under and over Fifteen Years of .Age I :(9 .Maoris in caeli Couiitv, Census 1911... NO .Vi'i'KNDix C. Cook ano othkii I'.uikic Isi.andjs (Page Ul). i|iula( HOI, White and .Native, nf raeli Island, with BirlhpUu-i.'S nf Whites I II .\lTK.\ni.\ I). — OCCUI'ATIUN OK LaND, 1 -I VK-SI oCK, AiNU Al
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In Conversation with the Mayor Gary Tong
    1 IN CONVERSATION WITH THE MAYOR GARY TONG through new technology (such as through our roading team’s use of drones). On a personal note, two things have stood have out this year; one of great sadness, the other a highlight. Sadly, we farewelled former Mayor Frana Cardno in April. She was a great role model and the reason I got into politics; a wonderful woman who will be sadly missed. Rest in peace, Frana. At the other end of the spectrum, in May I helped host His Mayor Gary Tong Royal Highness Prince Harry’s visit to Stewart Island. He’s a top bloke whose visit generated fantastic publicity for the Much like before crossing the road, island and Southland District. I’m sure our tourism industry at the end of each year I like to will see the benefi ts for some while yet. pause and look both ways. Just a few months ago the Southland Regional Development Strategy was launched. It gives direction for development of the region as a whole, with the primary focus on increasing our population. It tells us focusing on population growth will There’s a lot to look back on in 2015, and mean not only more people, it will provide economic growth, there’s plenty to come in 2016. Refl ecting on skilled workers, a better lifestyle, and improved health, the year that’s been, I realise just how much education and social services. We need to work together has happened in Southland District over the to achieve this; not just councils, but business, community, past year.
    [Show full text]
  • Presidents Report
    Otago Goldfields Heritage Trust, Inc President’s Report 2013 I am pleased to present my fourth annual report for the Otago Goldfields Heritage Trust. In the year just past the focus continued to be on the 150th celebrations marking the discovery of gold in Cromwell and elsewhere in the region. A New Generation Honours the Past One of the lasting memories of the gold 150 celebrations will be part played by the schools in our region. All schools took as their main theme for the year a remembrance of gold rush times and most children will have had the opportunity to pan for gold. The Trust has had a mobile gold panning set up which has been taken from school to school and while the “gold” might have been gold painted lead shot this doesn’t seem to have deterred the amateur sleuths. One of the Trust’s aims this past year has been to link today’s children with the events of the past. We are fortunate in Otago that there are still strong linkages with the land and its people and our wish is that today’s children and their parents will want to keep these memories alive into the future. To that end we were kept quite busy in the week immediately following the Cavalcade where we had involvement with 3 Schools visiting the Cromwell area and we were able to take them on guided walks, do some panning and provide information. We are very fortunate to have within our members such knowledgeable characters who we can call upon to interact with groups.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Zealand Gazette. 861
    APRIL l.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 861 POSTAL DIS'r'RICT OF CHRI-STCHURCH--coniin?hed. Service. ----;-I _i_~_f----'-! ____Fr_e-qu_e_n_cy_. ______c__eo_!_~_iy_"a_'::_c•_·_~N-ame of Contractor, I {u:~~- _!:t1~~: £ s. d. 92 Rangiora, Sefton, and North Lobnrn Daily f54 E. T. Hubbard 314 10 0 (rural delivery) l 4i Thrice weekly }Motor-car .. 31/12/40 93 Rangiora and Waikuku (part rural de­ 13! Daily Motor-car E. T. Hubbard 75 0 0 31/12/40 livery) 94 Rotherham Railway-station and Post­ ii2 Twice daily, Tuesday, Motor-car E. Britton 35 0 0 office Thursday, and Saturdayll 95 Rotherham and Waiau River (Edward's 20 Daily . Motor-truck E. Britton 104 0 0 31/12/40 gate) 96 Scargill Railway-station and Post-office 1 Twice daily I Motor-car T. 0. Johnston 40 0 0 97 Sheffield and Kowai Bush (rural de­ 34 Daily Motor-car L. vV. Lawrence .. 177 0 0 31/12/40 livery) 98 Sheffield Railway-station and Post­ Five times daily Foot (Dept!. officer) office 99 Southbrook Railway-station and Post­ Twice daily Foot W. l\lliller 15 0 0 office 100 Waiau and Kaikoura 105! Thrice weekly Motor-car P. Curran 300 0 0 31/12/40 101 Waiau Railway-station and Post-office 2!- Twice daily, Tuesday, Motor-car W. E. Creed 40 0 0 office Thursday, and Saturday 102 Waikuku and Waikuku Beach 5 Daily Bicycle Miss I. Dymock 7 16 0 103 Waipara and Motunau, and delivery of 49 Daily Omnibus Newman Bros., 100 0 0 31/12/40 private bags as far as Greta Paddock Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE of Rrhursday, AUGUST 26, 1915
    Jumb. 102. 3077 SUPPLEMENT TO THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE OF rrHURSDAY, AUGUST 26, 1915. WELLINGTON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 28, 1915. TENDERS FOR INLAND MAIL-SERVICES FOR 1916 AND 1916-1918. Tenders Jor ln/,and Mail-services Jor 1916 and 1916-18. I 9. Birkenhe&d, Glenfield, Albany, and Dairy Flat (rural delivery), thrice weekly to Dairy Flat; five times General Post Office, I weekly to Glenfield and Albany. (Alternative to No. 9A.,) Wellington, 26th August, 1915. 9A,tt Birkenhead, Glenfield, Albany, and Dairy Flat (rural EALED alternative tenders will be received at, the several delivery; by four-wheeled motor vehicle ; see special S Chief Post-offices in the Dominion until Thursd&y, conditions), thrice weekly to Dairy Fiat : five times the 30th September, 1915, for the convey&nce of m&ils weekly to Glenfield and Albany. (Alternative to No. 9.) between the undermentioned places, for periods of ONE year IO. Cabbage Bay and Port Charles, weekly. and TBBJ:111 years, from the 1st January, 1916. 11. Cambridge and Frankton Junction Railway-staticn (by horse vehicle or motor vehicle, to connect with the POSTAL DISTRICT 01!' AUCKLAND, south-bcund Main Trunk expre~s), five times weekly. 1. Aris, Rira, and Ka.ea.ea, twice weekly. 12. Cambridge, Karapiro, and TaotaorDa (rural delivery, 2. Auckland Chief Post-office, Railway - station, &nd also delivery of correspcndence to settlers' hexes Wharves (by horse vehicles or motor vehicles), as re­ erected at both places), daily. (Alternative to No. I 2A.) quired. 12A,tt Cambridge, Karapiro, and Taotaoroa (rural delivery, 3. Auckland, clearing receivers within a radius of four 1niles by four-wheeled motor vehicle; see special condi­ and a half of Chief Post-office (divided into four areas), tions; also delivery of correspondence into settlers' (by horse vehicles or motor vehicles), thrice daily.
    [Show full text]
  • Indicative DTT Coverage Invercargill (Forest Hill)
    Blackmount Caroline Balfour Waipounamu Kingston Crossing Greenvale Avondale Wendon Caroline Valley Glenure Kelso Riversdale Crossans Corner Dipton Waikaka Chatton North Beaumont Pyramid Tapanui Merino Downs Kaweku Koni Glenkenich Fleming Otama Mt Linton Rongahere Ohai Chatton East Birchwood Opio Chatton Maitland Waikoikoi Motumote Tua Mandeville Nightcaps Benmore Pomahaka Otahu Otamita Knapdale Rankleburn Eastern Bush Pukemutu Waikaka Valley Wharetoa Wairio Kauana Wreys Bush Dunearn Lill Burn Valley Feldwick Croydon Conical Hill Howe Benio Otapiri Gorge Woodlaw Centre Bush Otapiri Whiterigg South Hillend McNab Clifden Limehills Lora Gorge Croydon Bush Popotunoa Scotts Gap Gordon Otikerama Heenans Corner Pukerau Orawia Aparima Waipahi Upper Charlton Gore Merrivale Arthurton Heddon Bush South Gore Lady Barkly Alton Valley Pukemaori Bayswater Gore Saleyards Taumata Waikouro Waimumu Wairuna Raymonds Gap Hokonui Ashley Charlton Oreti Plains Kaiwera Gladfield Pikopiko Winton Browns Drummond Happy Valley Five Roads Otautau Ferndale Tuatapere Gap Road Waitane Clinton Te Tipua Otaraia Kuriwao Waiwera Papatotara Forest Hill Springhills Mataura Ringway Thomsons Crossing Glencoe Hedgehope Pebbly Hills Te Tua Lochiel Isla Bank Waikana Northope Forest Hill Te Waewae Fairfax Pourakino Valley Tuturau Otahuti Gropers Bush Tussock Creek Waiarikiki Wilsons Crossing Brydone Spar Bush Ermedale Ryal Bush Ota Creek Waihoaka Hazletts Taramoa Mabel Bush Flints Bush Grove Bush Mimihau Thornbury Oporo Branxholme Edendale Dacre Oware Orepuki Waimatuku Gummies Bush
    [Show full text]
  • Auckland Regional Office of Archives New Zealand
    A supplementary finding-aid to the archives relating to Maori Schools held in the Auckland Regional Office of Archives New Zealand MAORI SCHOOL RECORDS, 1879-1969 Archives New Zealand Auckland holds records relating to approximately 449 Maori Schools, which were transferred by the Department of Education. These schools cover the whole of New Zealand. In 1969 the Maori Schools were integrated into the State System. Since then some of the former Maori schools have transferred their records to Archives New Zealand Auckland. Building and Site Files (series 1001) For most schools we hold a Building and Site file. These usually give information on: • the acquisition of land, specifications for the school or teacher’s residence, sometimes a plan. • letters and petitions to the Education Department requesting a school, providing lists of families’ names and ages of children in the local community who would attend a school. (Sometimes the school was never built, or it was some years before the Department agreed to the establishment of a school in the area). The files may also contain other information such as: • initial Inspector’s reports on the pupils and the teacher, and standard of buildings and grounds; • correspondence from the teachers, Education Department and members of the school committee or community; • pre-1920 lists of students’ names may be included. There are no Building and Site files for Church/private Maori schools as those organisations usually erected, paid for and maintained the buildings themselves. Admission Registers (series 1004) provide details such as: - Name of pupil - Date enrolled - Date of birth - Name of parent or guardian - Address - Previous school attended - Years/classes attended - Last date of attendance - Next school or destination Attendance Returns (series 1001 and 1006) provide: - Name of pupil - Age in years and months - Sometimes number of days attended at time of Return Log Books (series 1003) Written by the Head Teacher/Sole Teacher this daily diary includes important events and various activities held at the school.
    [Show full text]
  • Meet the Maker VARY
    ACROSS WAITAKI DISTRICT (SEE MAPS) SATURDAY 23 OCT- SUNDAY 24 OCT TIMES Meet the maker VARY CREATIVE WAITAKI STUDIO TOUR Waitaki is a maker’s paradise, with more artists, photographers and crafters than you can shake a stick at (please don’t do that, they’re busy making things). Meet the Maker is your annual chance to meet some of our region’s creative folk, not at an exhibition but right there in their homes, studios and workspaces. Find out what makes them tick, why Waitaki is a good place to make, and where they find inspiration… FREE EVENT 19 Grab your friends, or just A few things to note: bring yourself, and hop in the car for a creative adventure to It’s unlikely you’ll get around all meet the makers of Waitaki! the makers over the two days, we Pack a picnic or stop at one suggest 8-12 in a day is a good of the awesome cafes and number. Make sure you check eateries around the district opening hours and plan your tour for breakfast, brunch, lunch as not all artists are open all day, or just a coffee. each day. You will be entering makers’ personal spaces, so please respect their space and work. Not all makers will have EFTPOS, so be prepared with some cash for smaller purchases. You will be able to arrange bank transfers with individual makers. Many makers will have This event is not suited for children artwork and products under the age of 12. for sale - a chance to Please keep in mind that you’ll buy local and support need to sign in with your Covid Kiwi artists and crafts tracer app at each venue.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference Guide 3: Education Records Pupils, Teachers & Schools
    Christchurch Regional Office Reference Guide 3: Education Records Pupils, Teachers & Schools Summary This reference guide gives an overview of the key education records that we hold which contain information about pupils, teachers and schools in Canterbury and Westland; please note that our records relate only to publicly-funded schools. - June 2019 Page 1 of 15 Reference Guide 3: Education Records - Pupils, Teachers & Schools Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................. 2 Access ...................................................................................................................... 3 School Records ......................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3 List of Schools ............................................................................................................. 4 School Histories .......................................................................................................... 9 Canterbury Association Schools ............................................................................... 10 Teachers ................................................................................................................. 11 Introduction ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Soils of Southland and Their Potential Uses E
    THE SOILS OF SOUTHLAND AND THEIR POTENTIAL USES E. J. B. CUTLER, Pedologist, Soil Bureau, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dunedin The pedologist should concern himself not only with mapping and classification of soils; he should examine the use to which soils are put and the changes that take place under varying kinds of use or misuse. The soil survey is only the starting point; it shows the physical, chemical and genetic characteristics of soils, their distribution and relationship to environment. First of all we are interested in the nature of our soils in their undisturbed native state. We can then~ follow the changes that have taken place with changing farming techniques and try to predict desirable changes or modifications; changes which will not only improve the short term production from the soils, but enable us to maintain long-term, sustained-yield production. These prin- ciples apply equally in the mountains and on the plains. Secondly we are interested in seeing that our soil resources arc used most efficiently; that usage of soils takes place in a logical way and that those concerned .with economics are aware of the limitations of the soil as well as of its potentialities. Thirdly there is the aesthetic viewpoint, perhaps not capable of strict scientific treatment but nonetheless a very important one to all of us as civilised people. There is no reason why our landscape should not be planned for pleasure as well as for profit. THE SOILS OF SOUTHLAND The basic soil pattern of Southland is fairly simple; there are three groups of soils delineated primarily by climatic factors.
    [Show full text]
  • Bullinggillianm1991bahons.Pdf (4.414Mb)
    THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY PROTECTION OF AUTHOR ’S COPYRIGHT This copy has been supplied by the Library of the University of Otago on the understanding that the following conditions will be observed: 1. To comply with s56 of the Copyright Act 1994 [NZ], this thesis copy must only be used for the purposes of research or private study. 2. The author's permission must be obtained before any material in the thesis is reproduced, unless such reproduction falls within the fair dealing guidelines of the Copyright Act 1994. Due acknowledgement must be made to the author in any citation. 3. No further copies may be made without the permission of the Librarian of the University of Otago. August 2010 Preventable deaths? : the 1918 influenza pandemic in Nightcaps Gillian M Bulling A study submitted for the degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honours at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. 1991 Created 7/12/2011 GILLIAN BULLING THE 1918 INFLUENZA PANDEMIC IN NIGHTCAPS PREFACE There are several people I would like to thank: for their considerable help and encouragement of this project. Mr MacKay of Wairio and Mrs McDougall of the Otautau Public Library for their help with the research. The staff of the Invercargill Register ofBirths, Deaths and Marriages. David Hartley and Judi Eathorne-Gould for their computing skills. Mrs Dorothy Bulling and Mrs Diane Elder 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables and Figures 4 List of illustrations 4 Introduction , 6 Chapter one - Setting the Scene 9 Chapter two - Otautau and Nightcaps - Typical Country Towns? 35 Chapter three - The Victims 53 Conclusion 64 Appendix 66 Bibliography 71 4 TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS Health Department Notices .J q -20 Source - Southland Times November 1918 Influenza Remedies.
    [Show full text]
  • Consequences to Threatened Plants and Insects of Fragmentation of Southland Floodplain Forests
    Consequences to threatened plants and insects of fragmentation of Southland floodplain forests S. Walker, G.M. Rogers, W.G. Lee, B. Rance, D. Ward, C. Rufaut, A. Conn, N. Simpson, G. Hall, and M-C. Larivière SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION 265 Published by Science & Technical Publishing Department of Conservation PO Box 10–420 Wellington, New Zealand Cover: The Dean Burn: the largest tracts of floodplain forest ecosystem remaining on private land in Southland, New Zealand. (See Appendix 1 for more details.) Photo: Geoff Rogers, RD&I, DOC. Science for Conservation is a scientific monograph series presenting research funded by New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC). Manuscripts are internally and externally peer-reviewed; resulting publications are considered part of the formal international scientific literature. Individual copies are printed, and are also available from the departmental website in pdf form. Titles are listed in our catalogue on the website, refer www.doc.govt.nz under Publications, then Science and Research. © Copyright April 2006, New Zealand Department of Conservation ISSN 1173–2946 ISBN 0–478–14070–3 This report was prepared for publication by Science & Technical Publishing; editing by Geoff Gregory and layout by Ian Mackenzie. Publication was approved by the Chief Scientist (Research, Development & Improvement Division), Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. In the interest of forest conservation, we support paperless electronic publishing. When printing, recycled paper is used wherever possible. CONTENTS
    [Show full text]
  • Omarama Gazette November 6, 2019 FINAL.Pub
    Omarama Gazette November 2019 And we think they're awesome too! Omarama’s Police and Land Search and Rescue volunteers have been commended and thanked for their rescue of eight students caught out by weather conditions while tramping in the Huxley last month. Last week, in an article in the Police magazine ‘Ten One’, Southern District Inspector James Ure said the operation reflected" the great work some rural offic- ers undertook regularly" and, in this case, “with two Sar jobs happening simultaneously at opposite ends of the area”. He acknowledged the team’s “quality decision making and excellent work”. “There was a very high chance of serious risk or death occurring." He thanked all the volunteers "who put themselves in harm’s way that night". “The support ...provided to RCCNZ [ Rescue Coordination Centre New Zealand] in coordinating this operation proved the value of local expertise and having a good volunteer group available.” About 11.30pm, Friday, October 18, barely two hours after returning home from searching for a man missing in the Waitaki River, near Duntroon, Senior Constable Nayland (Bean) Smith and the Omarama LandSar team were alerted that help was needed to find trampers in Huxley Forks -Hopkins Valley area. Eight students aged 20 to 25 had activated a personal locator beacon near the Blair Glacier above the Huxley River. Weather conditions had deteriorated, it was snowing, two in the group were show- ing signs of hypothermia, so the group found shelter, pitched tents and because of their circumstances, activated the personal locator beacon. LandSar commended continued... Bean called Tom Moore of Lake Ohau Station who told him there was about an inch of snow on the ground, low -lying cloud and light rain but the river should be fordable with a 4WD.
    [Show full text]