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Paleomagnetism and Teetonics of the Kamchatka Region, Northeastern Russia: Implications for Development and Evolution of the Northwest Pacific Basin

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Paleomagnetism and Teetonics of the Kamchatka Region, Northeastern Russia: Implications for Development and Evolution of the Northwest Pacific Basin Polarforschung 68: 297 - 308, 1998 (erschienen 2000) Paleomagnetism and Teetonics of the Kamchatka Region, Northeastern Russia: Implications for Development and Evolution of the Northwest Pacific Basin By William Harbert', Pavel Kepezhinskas', Kirill Krylov', Vladimir Grigoriev', Sergei Sokolov', Maxim Aleksuitin', Alexander Heiphetz" and Paul Layer" THEME 15: Geodynamies of the Aretie Region 1990, KRYLOV et al. 1989, USTRITSKY & KHRAMOV 1987). Pres­ ently, interpretation of the geologie strueture of this region is Summary: The Kamchatka Peninsula of northeastern Russia is located along strongly linked with the paradigm of teetonostratigraphie the northwestern margin of theBering Seaandconsists of zones of complexly terranes (CONEY et al. 1980, lONES et al. 1983), deformed accreted terranes, Along thenorthern portion of the peninsula, pro­ gressing from thenorthwestem Bering Seainland theOlyutorskiy, Ukelayat, and Tectonostratigraphic terranes are geologie zones that are fault Koryak superterranes areaccreted to theOkhotsk-Chukotsk volcanic-plutonic bounded and have distinet geologie histories when compared bell in northern-most Kamchatka. A sedimentary sequence of Albian to with nearby localities (lONES et al. 1983), The names .Koryakia'' Maastrichtian age overlap terranes andunits of the Koryak superterrane and or .Koryak Highland" refer to the Bering Sea region east of the constrains their accretion time with this region of the North America plate. Ophiolite complexes, widespread within theKoryak superterrane, areassociated Okhotsk-Chukotsk volcanie belt (OChVB), and south of the with serpentinite melanges and some of the ophiolite terranes include large Chukotka block. Presently this region is part of the North portions of weakly serpentinized hyperbasites, layered gabbro, sheeted dikes, America Plate, as this boundary is constrained by earthquake and pillow basalts outcropping as internally coherent blocks within a sheared activity. Today, the plate boundary between North Ameriea and melange matrix. Interpretation of magnetic anomalies allow the correlation of theUkelayat with theWest Kamchatka andSredinny Range superterranes. The Eurasia plates is situated to the west frorn northern-most Olyutorskiy composite terrane maybecorrelated with thecentral andsouthern Kamchatka Peninsula going from the Lena delta area Kamchatka Peninsula Litke, Eastern Ranges and Vetlov composite terranes. The (Verkhoyansk sedimentary belt) to the western Okhotsk Sea most"out-board" of thecentral and southern Kamchatka Peninsula terranes is (DEMETS 1992). theKronotsky composite terrane, weil exposed along theKamchatka, Kronotsky andShipunsky Capes. Using regional geological constraints, paleomagnetism, andplate kinematic models for thePacific basin a regional model canbe pro­ The region of northeastern Russia, referred to in the Russian posed in which accretion ofthe Koryak composite terrane totheNorth America language literature geographically as including the .Koryak plateoccurs during theCampanian-Maastrichtian, followed bytheaccretion of Highland", in northeast Russia, consisting of the Kamchatka the Olyutorskiy composite terrane in the Middle Eocene, and the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene collision of the Kronotsky composite terrane. Are­ peninsula to the Gulf of Anadyr along the northwestern Bering vised age estimate of a keyoverlapping sedirnentary sequence of the Koryak Sea, has been interpreted as separate and distinet from the superterrane, calibrated with new Ar40j ArJ9 data, supports its LateCretaceous Mesozoic plutonie roeks of the Okhotsk-Chukotsk belt (in the accretion age. Russian-Ianguage seientifie literature referred to as the .Jvlesozoides of the Russian Far East") on the basis of the "ab­ sence of the granite layer in the crust", smaller crustal thickness INTRODUCTION and the presence ofTethyan (in the Russian-language scientific literature this term generally refers to an equatorial paleolatitude) The last ten years have seen signifieant advanees in the eom­ fauna within the Paleozoic and Mesozoie Koryak highland re­ prehension of the strueture, geology, and aeeretionary teeton­ gion rocks (MIKLOUHO-MAKLAY 1959, BRAGIN 1992, 1988, ics of the Northern Paeifie Basin (CONEY et al. 1980, WOODS & BYCHKOV & CHEKHOV 1979, BYCHKOV & DAGIS 1984, BYCHKOV DAVIES 1982, MOORE et al. 1983, ENGEBRETSON et al. 1985, & MELNIKOVA 1985). These fauna are anomalous for their SOKOLOV 1988, 1990, 1992, SOKOLOV et al. 1988, STAVSKY et al. present-day high latitudes when compared with the Boreal fauna of the neighboring regions of Siberia within similar aged I Department ofGeology and Planetary Seienees, University ofPittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, terranes (USTRITSKY & KHRAMOV 1987, SHAPIRO & GANELIN 1988, U.s.A., <[email protected]> DAGIS 1993). University ofSouthern Florida, Tarnpa, FL, U.S.A. ) Geologieal Institute, Russian Acaderny ofSeienees, Moseow, Russia. 4 Department ofGeology and Planetary Seienees, University ofPittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, The formation of the Kamehatka peninsula by aceretion and U.SA assemblage of oeeanie and island-arc terranes, has been sug­ , Geophysieal Institute, University ofAJaska, Fairbanks, AK, U.S.A. gested during the last twenty years in the Russian-Ianguage sei­ Manuseript reeeived 15 Oetober 1998, aeeepted 22 June 1999 entific literature (ALEKSANDROV et al. 1975, 1980, ALEKSANDROV 297 1978, RUZHENTSEV et al. 1979, 1982, BYALOBZHESKY 1979, northeast where it may be traeed to a major thrust system whieh ALEKSEYEV 1979, 1981, 1987, KAZIMIROV 1985, GELMAN & divides the Koryak and Olyutorskiy superterranes. Mueh of the BYCHKOV 1988). However, the entire northeastern region of the WZ eomplex eonsists of metamorphosed and strong1y deformed, Russian Republie has only reeently been interpreted to eonsist poorly dated, pre-Upper Cretaeeous roeks of East and Central of aeereted terranes (FUJITA & NEWBERRY 1982, ZONENSHAIN et Kamehatka (RAZNITSIN et al. 1985, TSUKANOV 1991). The EZ al. 1987, 1991, GRIGORIEV et al. 1990, 1992, SOKOLOV 1988, eomp1ex is made up of thiek stratigraphie seetions of Upper 1992, STAVSKY et al. 1990, ASTRAHANTZEV et al. 1987, GRIGORIEV Cretaeeous and Paleoeene roeks, (Lower Eoeene roeks in East et al. 1986, 1987, KHANCHUK et al. 1990, KRYLOV et al. 1989, Kamehatka), whieh have been thrust and folded. Intense KRYLOV 1990, KAZIMIROV et al. 1987, DIDENKO et al. 1993). deformation of this eomplex may be related to eollision events of other terranes with the Kamehatka peninsula. A less-de­ formed eomplex is present in eastem-rnost Kamehatka, border­ REGIONAL GEOLOGY OF THE KAMCHATKA PENIN­ ing the Paeifie Oeean and Bering Sea. Folding and thrusting of SULA pre-Pliocene roeks in a zone between Kamehatka and the Kronotsky Peninsula implies that the latter (geographieally in­ While more eomplex sehemes have been proposed (WATSON & cluding the Kamehatka and Shipunsky Peninsulas) may be the FUJITA 1985), in a simplified model, the region of Kamehatka youngest terrane aeereted to the Kamehatka landmass (Fig. 1). has been divided into two main zones, the western (WZ, West­ ern Zone Kamehatka superterrane) and eastern (EZ, Eastern In the WZ, the Upper Cretaeeous is represented by thiek Zone; East-Karnchatka superterrane) zones (Fig. 1). The bound­ stratigraphie seetions eomposed of turbidites. The souree ma­ ary between these two regions is marked by a signifieant mag­ terial for these deposits has been suggested to have been the netie anomaly and a thrust system. This regional thrust, of west­ Okhotsk-Chukotsk zone and an assoeiated foreare. Volcanie ern vergenee in the northern part of Kamehatka, eontinues to the material in sediments is searee (at least in the Campanian- .--_-----------'~~ Composite terrane map \ and cross sections riJ':.ilEE:J. m •. c:::J, [J3, [3, A B seo ot c OkhO(Sk:'"""1I\lIil••iii~~j;;~==~ Pacific Ocean 50 Kilometers c sec ot Okl,ofsk 4 Fig. 1: Geographie reference showing paleomagnetic sampling sites, geographie names and roads in the Kamehatka Peninsula region. Simplified terrane diagram and three selected cross sections are shown. 298 Maastrichtian portion of the section); at the same time, blocks manian-Turonian part of the section on the Kamchatsky Penin­ or lenses ofbasalt are common. The WZ is usually regarded as sula consists of oceanic basalts with interbedded jaspers and the marginal basin not far away from the continental margin. pelagic limestones overlain by fine grained turbidites and ar­ koses (post-Turonian but pre-Maastrichtian in age), whereas In the eastern zone, EZ, volcanic flows (basalts, andesites, some Coniacian-Santonian volcanic and sedimentary rocks of an is­ associated sediments) are most common in the Late Cretaceous­ land-arc affinity are common on the Kronotsky Peninsula. Early Paleocene portion of the section. Some cherts and other silicious sediments are also found among volcanics (ZINKEVICH On the basis of composition, internal structure, age ofrocks, and et al. 1990, TSUKANOV 1991, SHAPIRO et al. 1987, SHAPIRO 1976). the age of the fault relationships, the geographical region of the Sedimentary fonnations of considerable thickness of Paleocene Koryak highlands can be subdivided into three first-order and Lower Eocene, sometimes Upper Senonian, are also present superterranes, which moving inboard from the northwestern in this zone. The EZ can be divided into five composite terranes, Bering Sea toward more interior Eurasia and the Okhotsk­ 1) the Sredinny Range terrane, 2) Litke terrane, 3) East Ranges Chukotsk volcanic plutonic belt and the
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