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Resource Utilization in Unalaska, Aleutian Islands, Alaska
RESOURCE UTILIZATION IN UNALASKA, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA Douglas W. Veltre, Ph. D. Mary J. Veltre, B.A. Technical Paper Number 58 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence October 23, 1982 Contract 824790 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report would not have been possible to produce without the generous support the authors received from many residents of Unalaska. Numerous individuals graciously shared their time and knowledge, and the Ounalashka Corporation,. in particular, deserves special thanks for assistance with housing and transportation. Thanks go too to Linda Ellanna, Deputy Director of the Division of Subsistence, who provided continuing support throughout this project, and to those individuals who offered valuable comments on an earlier draft of this report. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. ii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 Purpose ..................... 1 Research objectives ............... 4 Research methods 6 Discussion of rese~r~h'm~tho~oio~y' ........ ...... 8 Organization of the report ........... 10 2 BACKGROUNDON ALEUT RESOURCE UTILIZATION . 11 Introduction ............... 11 Aleut distribuiiin' ............... 11 Precontact resource is: ba;tgr;ls' . 12 The early postcontact period .......... 19 Conclusions ................... 19 3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND. 23 Introduction ........................... 23 The precontact'plrioi . 23 The Russian period ............... 25 The American period ............... 30 Unalaska community profile. ........... 37 Conclusions ................... 38 4 THE NATURAL SETTING ............... -
Sea Otter Studies - 1969
SEA OTTER STUDIES - 1969 by Karl Schneider SEA OTT ER STU DIES - 1969 This report is a comp il ation of a numbe r o short reports _written for the marine mammals staff files. While it serves some of the purposes of a segment report, ft was compiled for the use of the staff only. Many of the conclusions and ideas expressed are tentative and based on incomplete analysis or the dat.a . The contents of the report are as follows: Proje"ct Statement Aerial Count (Aleutians, Alaska Peninsula, Shumagins) Survey -Sitka to Cape Spencer Survey - Klag Bay Area Sightings - Yakutat Bay History of Harvests and Transplants Age Determination Age Structure Growth Reproduction Tagged Otter In addition to the work presented here, much time was spent on a sea otter transplant, observing the effects of nuclear testing at Amchitka and collecting information on pelt sales. Analysis of much information and specimens collected since 1967 is still incomplete and will be written up at a later date . · .. STATE: Alaska JOB T ITL.E: . Sea Otte.r · JOB NO.: . G-2 . NAME AND TITLE OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Karl Schneider, Study Leader NAME AND ADDRESS OF FISH AND GAME AGENCY: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subpart Building, Juneau,-. Alaska ~ :. ·- · --- -~ · JOB DESCRIPTION: OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine trends in distribution changes of sea otter populations in areas where repopulation of former habitat is incomplete. 2. To determine the effectiveness of aerial, surface and photographic· counts as census tools. )-. To obtain information relating to molt, breeding biology, population sex and age composition, growth and food habits of the sea otter in selected. -
Designation of Critical Habitat for the Southwest Alaska Distinct Population Segment of the Northern Sea Otter; Final Rule
Thursday, October 8, 2009 Part III Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Southwest Alaska Distinct Population Segment of the Northern Sea Otter; Final Rule VerDate Nov<24>2008 19:03 Oct 07, 2009 Jkt 220001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\08OCR3.SGM 08OCR3 srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with RULES3 51988 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 194 / Thursday, October 8, 2009 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR northern sea otter, refer to the final published in the Federal Register on listing rule published in the Federal August 9, 2005 (70 FR 46366). Fish and Wildlife Service Register on August 9, 2005 (70 FR Summary of Comments and 46366), the proposed rule to designate Recommendations 50 CFR Part 17 critical habitat published in the Federal Register on December 16, 2008 (73 FR We requested written comments from [FWS–R7–ES–2008–0105; 92210–1117– the public during the public comment 0000–FY08–B4] 76454), and the June 9, 2009 (74 FR 27271), notice of availability of the draft period on the proposed rule to designate RIN 1018–AV92 economic analysis (DEA). More detailed critical habitat for the southwest Alaska information on northern sea otter DPS of the northern sea otter. During the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife biology and ecology that is directly public comment period, we also and Plants; Designation of Critical relevant to designation of critical habitat contacted appropriate Federal, State, Habitat for the Southwest Alaska is discussed under the Primary and local agencies; Alaska Native Distinct Population Segment of the Constituent Elements section below. -
The Mesa Site: Paleoindians Above the Arctic Circle
U. S. Department of the Interior BLM-Alaska Open File Report 86 Bureau of Land Management BLM/AK/ST-03/001+8100+020 April 2003 Alaska State Office 222 West 7th Avenue Anchorage Alaska 99513 The Mesa Site: Paleoindians above the Arctic Circle Michael Kunz, Michael Bever, Constance Adkins Cover Photo View of Mesa from west with Iteriak Creek in foreground. Photo: Dan Gullickson Disclaimer The mention of trade names or commercial products in this report does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the federal government. Authors Michael Kunz is an Archaeologist, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Northern Field Office, 1150 University Avenue, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709. Michael Bever is a project supervisor for Pacific Legacy Inc., 3081 Alhambra Drive, Suite 208, Cameron Park, CA 95682. Constance Adkins is an Archaeologist, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Northern Field Office, 1150 University Avenue, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709. Open File Reports Open File Reports issued by the Bureau of Land Management-Alaska present the results of invento- ries or other investigations on a variety of scientific and technical subjects that are made available to the public outside the formal BLM-Alaska technical publication series. These reports can include preliminary or incomplete data and are not published and distributed in quantity. The reports are available while supplies last from BLM External Affairs, 222 West 7th Avenue #13, Anchorage, Alaska 99513 and from the Juneau Minerals Information Center, 100 Savikko Road, Mayflower Island, Douglas, AK 99824, (907) 364-1553. Copies are also available for inspection at the Alaska Resource Library and Information Service (Anchorage), the USDI Resources Library in Washington, D. -
THE SUBSISTENCE HARVEST and USE of STELLER SEA LIONS in ALASKA by Terry L Haynes and Craig Mishler Technical Paper No
THE SUBSISTENCE HARVEST AND USE OF STELLER SEA LIONS IN ALASKA by Terry L Haynes and Craig Mishler Technical Paper No. 198 This research was partially supported by ANILCA Federal Aid funds administered through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, SG-1-9 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Juneau, Alaska July 1991 EEO STATEMENT The Alaska Department of Fish and Game operates all of its public programs and activities free from discrimination on the basis of race, igion, color, national origin, age, sex, or handicap Because the de partment receives federal funding, any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against should write to: O.E.O. U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 i ABSTRACT Subsequent to the classification of the Steller sea lion as a threatened species in 1990, a Sea Lion Recovery Team was created and charged with preparing a population recovery plan. This report examines the historical literature on subsistence uses, reviews Native oral traditions, and summarizes the limited amount of available information on contemporary harvests and uses of sea lions over a wide range of 25 coastal Alaskan communities. The report is designed to assist in creation of a recovery plan sensitive to subsistence uses. Further research and data needs are identified for consideration in the development of a long-range sea lion management plan. Various strategies of hunting sea lions are described, along with hunting technologies, methods of butchering sea lions, and traditional ways of cooking and serving them. Evidence gathered from prehistoric sites is summarized, and the pervasive symbolic role of Steller sea lions in Koniag and Aleut folktales, folk songs, and folk beliefs is examined in some detail. -
Alaska Submerged Lands Act Report : Analysis of Inholdings
BLM LIBRARY 88074922 // ALASKA SUBMERGED LANDS ACT REPORT ANALYSIS OF INHOLDINGS, ACQUISITION PRIORITIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO REDUCE IMPACTS ON CONSERVATION SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA AUGUST 1990 U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT NATIONAL PARK SERVICE USDA FOREST SERVICE •v * f & naj&*^ ib'-MoT-Wll i^l Iks.1 m r AH / AH? ALASKA SUBMERGED LANDS ACT REPORT ANALYSIS OF INHOLDINGS, ACQUISITION PRIORITIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO REDUCE IMPACTS ON CONSERVATION SYSTEM UNITS IN ALASKA , AUGUST 1990 BLM Library Denver Federal Center Bidg. 50. OC-521 v>rs Rnx 25041 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. INTRODUCTION. 1 II. SCOPE OF REPORT. 1 III. HISTORY OF LAND STATUS. 3 Alaska Statehood Act. 3 Alaska Native Allotment Act. 3 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. 3 Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. 6 National Park Service. 6 USDA Forest Service. 6 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 6 Bureau of Land Management. 10 IV. ACQUISITION POLICY. 10 V. ACQUISITION METHODS. 11 VI. ESTABLISHMENT OF PRIORITIES FOR ACQUISITION. 12 VII. EFFECTS ON IMPLEMENTATION OF SECTION 101 OF THE ACT ON CONSERVATION SYSTEM UNITS. 14 VIII. ISSUES. 18 A. Potential Impacts because of Changing Navigability Standards. 18 B. Potential Impacts of Amendment of Section 901 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act by Section 101 of this Act. 19 C. Title to Submerged Lands on Pre-statehood Withdrawals. 20 D. Overselections. 20 E. Underselected Villages. 21 IX. RECOMMENDATIONS. 22 A. Funding for Land Acquisitions. 22 B. Land Exchanges. 22 i PAGE X. APPENDICES Appendices A-D: Acquisition Priority Lists. 23 A. Summary of Inholdings and Acquisition Priorities on National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska U.S. -
Fl'tjyvi" I RESULTS of a MARINE BIRD &'Ld MAMMAL SURVEY
-----~- r ¥l~~ S-eJ~;~(:? I fl'tJyVI" i RESULTS OF A MARINE BIRD &'lD MAMMAL SURVEY [ OF THE WESTERN ALEUTIAN ISLANDS SUMMER 1978 ,J l I :"I i Robert H. Day Brian E. Lawhead Tom J. Early Elaine B. Rhode ALEUTIAN ISLANDS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE January 1979 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Author Page List of Figures i List of Tables vi I Introduction 1 II Census Techniques Day 4 III Island Descriptions Rhode 17 IV Island Species Accounts Day 34 V Avian Pre~ators Day 48 VI Marine Mammals Lawhead 54 VII Buldir Island Rhode 77 VIII Auklet Census Day 83 IX Murre Study Plots Lawhead and Day 88 X Beached Animal Surveys Day 115 XI Permanent Plots Day and Early 129 XII Pelagic Transects Early 157 XIII Terrestrial Transects Early 176 XIV Recotmnendations 184 Literature Cited 186 Appendix I Raw Island Transect Data 190 .,. .. :'" ,., ,- II Buldir Permanent Plots Data 200 III Agattu Murre Plot Data 217 IV Agattu Inland Transects Data 234 LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title Page No. 1 Schematic diagram of Least and Crested 11 Auklet activity patterns. 2 Location of the Baby Islands in the 19 Eastern Fox Group. 3 Baby Islands - Physical features. 20 4 Bogoslof Island - Physical features 22 in 1978. 5 The Near Island Group. 23 6 Agattu ,Island - Physica·1 features and 24 potenti~l campsites. 7 Alaid Island - Physical features and 26 potential campsites. 8 Nizki Island - Physical features and 27 potential campsites. 9 The Rat Island Group. 29 10 Bu1dir Island - Physical features and 30 potential campsites. 11 Kiska Island - Physical features and 31 potential campsites. -
Kamchatka Peninsula and Salmon Research with Pro Plus
YSI Environmental Application Note Kamchatka Peninsula: Where the Waters Run Free and Salmon Thrive In Russia’s Far East lies the 1,250 km (780 mile) Kamchatka The habitat on the Kol is nearly ideal for salmon. The salmon run Peninsula. Situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of includes over seven million fish returning to spawn. The fish fill Okhotsk, Kamchatka is home to Steller’s sea-eagles, brown bears, the river channel so fully that some sections block the view to the World Heritage List volcanoes, and a remarkable amount of Pacific river bottom. The Kol also has the world’s first whole-basin refuge salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) that are being studied, protected, and for the conservation of Pacific salmon - the Kol-Kekhta Regional even filmed for television. Experimental Salmon Reserve. Kamchatka may contain the world’s Research greatest diversity of salmonids including Along the Kol’s north bank is the Kol River chinook, chum, coho, seema, pink and Biostation established for the sole purpose sockeye salmon. Rainbow trout and dolly of serving as a binational research station varden char are also highly abundant. between Russia and the U.S. Researchers Biologists estimate at least 20% of all wild are studying the dynamics of the Kol Pacific salmon originates in Kamchatka. ecosystem and addressing the question of the importance of the salmon to the health The life of a salmon is far from easy as a of the entire river’s ecosystem. fish life goes. Millions of fry, roughly five inches long after a few months of growth, While there is no question to the have to navigate close to a hundred miles All six species of Pacific salmon spawn in the importance of the healthy ecosystem on to the sea. -
First Documented Record of Watercock (Gallicrex Cinerea) in Oceania
96 Short note Notornis, 2010, Vol. 57: 96-97 0029-4470 © The Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Inc. SHORT NOTE First documented record of watercock (Gallicrex cinerea) in Oceania DONALD W. BUDEN* Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, College of Micronesia-FSM. P.O. Box 159, Kolonia, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia GLENN MCKINLAY C/-55 Albert Road. Devonport, Auckland, New Zealand The watercock (Gallicrex cinerea) breeds from Pratt et al. (1987) listed this species as hypothetical Pakistan, India, and the Maldive Is east to China, in Palau, based on an unconfirmed sighting by R. P. Korea, Japan (Yaeyama Is), the Russian Far Owen that was mentioned in correspondence from East (Primorskiy Teritory, Bol’shoy Pelis I), the Owen to Pratt. Philippines, and Greater Sunda Is (Brazil 1991; Kosrae (5˚19’N, 162˚59’E; 109 km2; 630 m Mackinnon & Phillipps 1993; Taylor 1996; Coates elevation) is the easternmost island in the Caroline Is & Bishop 1997; Grimmett et al. 1999; Smythies & and the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), in the Davison 1999; Strange 2001; Shimba 2007; Mann west-central Pacific Ocean (Fig. 2). The watercock 2008; Nechaev & Gamova 2009). Birds from the was found in a grassy field just outside Utwe northern part of the range regularly migrate to village at the south end of the island. McKinlay as far south as the Lesser Sundas, (Mackinnon & saw it initially the morning of 1 May, once again Phillipps 1993, 2000; Taylor 1996; Taylor & van Perlo during late afternoon (presumably the same bird), 1998; Strange 2001). A few, probably overshooting and once again during mid-afternoon on 2 May their wintering destination, have been recorded before he left the island the following day. -
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf. Principal
Volume 1. Marine Mammals Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration April 1976 Annual Reports from Principal Investigators Volume: 1. Marine Mammals 2. Marine Birds 3. Marine Birds 4. Marine Birds 5. Fish, Plankton, Benthos, Littoral 6. Fish, Plankton, Benthos, Littoral 7. Fish, Plankton, Benthos, Littoral 8. Effects of Contaminants 9. Chemistry and Microbiology 10. Chemistry and Microbiology 11. Physical Oceanography and Meteorology 12. Geology 13. Geology 14. Ice Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf Volume 1. Marine Mammals Fourth quarterand annual reportsfor the reportingperiod ending March 1976, from PrincipalInvestigators participating in a multi-year program of environmental assessment related to petroleum development on the Alaskan ContinentalShelf. The program is directed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under the sponsorship of the Bureau of Land Management. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES / Boulder, Colorado / 1976 CONTENTS Research Unit Proposer Title Page 13 James A. Estes Behavior and Reproduction of the 1 USFWS Pacific Walrus 14 James A. Estes Distribution of the Pacific Walrus 1 USFWS 34 G. Carleton Ray Analysis of Marine Mammal Remote 3 Douglas Wartzok Sensing Data Johns Hopkins U. 67 Clifford H. Fiscus Baseline Characterization: Marine 57 Howard W. Braham Mammals NWFC/NMFS 68 Clifford H. Fiscus Abundance and Seasonal Distribution 121 Howard W. Braham of Marine Mammals in the Gulf of NWFC/NMFS Alaska 69 Clifford H. Fiscus Resource Assessment: Abundance and 141 Howard W. Braham Seasonal Distribution of Bowhead and NWFC/NMFS Belukha Whales - Bering Sea 70 Clifford H. Fiscus Abundance and Seasonal Distribution 159 Willman M. -
Universim of Alaska Table: of Contents
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE XNTEFSOR GEOLOGICAL SURmY RESOURCE REPORT FOR THE DEEP-WATER AREAS OF PROPOSED mS LEASE SALE NO* 70, ST. GEORGE BASIN, ALASKA A- K. Cooper, D. W. Scholl, T. L. Vallier, and E. W. scott Open File Report 80- 246 This reprt is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Geological . Survey standards and nanenclature. Menlo Park, Calif,ornia October, 1979 BMER E. RASMUSON LIBRARY UNIVERSIM OF ALASKA TABLE: OF CONTENTS Introduction -cation ..................................................... 5 Publieally available data .................................... 5 . Regional Tectonic setting .................................... 7 Geologic Fxamework Gemrphic setting ......................................... 10 frmnak Plateau and continental slope ...................... 10 Aleutian Ridge .......................................... 10 Geology of Umnak Plateau Region ............................... 14' Umnak Plateau and continental slope ..................... 14 Aleutian Ridge ...................................... 18 Structural Framework Seismic reflection/refraction data ........................... 29 Umnak Plateau and continental slope .......................... 31 Seamen- and igneous crustal sections ................ 31 Diapirs ........................,..,.................. 37 Folding and Faulting ................................. 40 Submarine canyons ....................................... 42 Aleutian Ridge ............................................... 44 Igneous and sedimentary crustal sections -
Eastern Europe & Russia Study Guide
Eastern Europe & Russia Study Guide Vocabulary acid rain – rain, snow, or mist that is acidic capital – money or goods that are used to make products censor - to suppress or delete anything considered objectionable cuisine – style of food disposable income - money left after taxes are paid emigrate – to migrate out of a place entrepreneur - person who organizes and manages his or her own business ethnic cleansing - attempt to create an area with only one ethnic group by removing or attacking other ethnic groups ice age – time of lower temperatures when much of the land is covered with snow and ice Kamchatka Peninsula - a peninsula in the Russian Far East known for its volcanic activity KGB - the Soviet-era secret police Lake Baikal - a huge lake in Russia that is more than one mile deep and holds about 20 percent of Earth’s fresh water mechanized farming – farming with machines permafrost - permanently frozen soil secede – to break away Siberia – Asiatic Russia steppes – vast areas of grasslands superpower - an extremely powerful nation Ural Mountains – low-lying mountains that separate European Russia from Asiatic Russia Questions 1) What effects have glaciers had on the physical features of Eastern Europe? Glaciers have created ridges of hills, dug out land for lakes, and deposited material that blocked the flow of rivers. 2) How is agriculture in the north different from that in the south? In the north, agriculture is mostly mechanized. In the south it mostly uses human labor instead of machines. 3) What has caused damage to the forests of Eastern Europe? Acid rain has caused damage to the forests of Eastern Europe.