T h e U n i v e r s i t y o f W i s c o n s i n S y s t e m FFFeministeministeminist CollectionsCollectionsCollections

A Quarterly of Women’s Studies Resources

Special “Mini-Theme”: Islam, Women, and Feminism

W OMEN’ S S TUDIES

DOUBLE ISSUE Volume 22, Numbers 3-4, Spring/Summer 2001 Published by Phyllis Holman Weisbard L IBRARIAN Women’s Studies Librarian Feminist Collections

A Quarterly of Women’s Studies Resources

Women’s Studies Librarian University of Wisconsin System 430 Memorial Library 728 State St. Madison, WI 53706 Phone: 608-263-5754 Fax: 608-265-2754 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/WomensStudies/

Editors: Phyllis Holman Weisbard, JoAnne Lehman

Drawings: Miriam Greenwald

Staff assistance from: Ingrid Markhardt, Teresa Fernandez, Christa Reabe, Caroline Vantine

Volunteer readers for taping: Jennifer Stibitz

Subscriptions: $30 (individuals or nonprofit women’s programs, outside Wisconsin); $55 (institutions, outside Wisconsin); $16 (Wisconsin individuals or nonprofit women’s programs); $22.50 (Wisconsin institutions); $8.25 (UW individuals); $15 (UW organizations). Wisconsin subscriber amounts include state tax, except for UW organization amount. Postage (for foreign subscribers only): surface mail (Canada: $13; all others: $15); air mail (Canada: $25; all others: $55). (Subscriptions cover most publications produced by this office, including Feminist Collections, Feminist Periodicals, and New Books on Women & Feminism.)

Cover art: Miriam Greenwald

Numerous bibliographies and other informational files are available on the Women’s Studies Librarian’s World Wide Web site. The URL: http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/WomensStudies/ You'll find information about the office, tables of contents and selected full-text articles from recent issues of Feminist Collections, many Core Lists in Women’s Studies on such topics as aging, feminist pedagogy, film studies, health, lesbian studies, mass media, and women of color in the U.S., a listing of Wisconsin Bibliographies in Women’s Studies, including full text of a number of them, a catalog of films and videos in the UW System Women’s Studies Audiovisual Collection, and links to other selected websites on women and gender as well as to search engines and general databases.

ISSN: 0742-7441 Copyright 2001 Regents of the University of Wisconsin System Feminist Collections A Quarterly of Women’s Studies Resources

DOUBLE ISSUE Volume 22, Nos. 3-4, Spring/Summer 2001

CONTENTS

From the Editors ii

Book Reviews Zohreh Ghavamshahidi Islam and Feminism: In Search of Compatibility 1 Sherine Hamdy North American Muslim Women Voice Their Concerns 5 Helen M. Bannan Friendship (Like Sisterhood) Is Powerful 9 Susan Barribeau Corresponding Women: Heap–Reynolds and Stein–Toklas 13

Feminist Visions Jennifer Loewenstein Women in Islam: Four Films 15 Catherine Green Her Vision Survives: Two Films About Audre Lorde 18 Patrice Petro Childhoods Stolen: The Plight of Girls Worldwide 21 Carole Gerster Women in Independent Film and Video: A History 23

Tilly Vriend Women Map the World: The Making of a Database 27

Compiled by JoAnne Lehman Computer Talk 30

Reviewed by Phyllis Holman New Reference Works in Women’s Studies 35 Weisbard and others

Compiled by JoAnne Lehman Periodical Notes 46

Compiled by Teresa Fernandez Items of Note 49

Books and AV Recently Received 52

Supplement: Index to Volume 22 56 FROM THE EDITORS

In light of the events of Septem- international law and in Islam might be book and companion video by film- ber 11th and the nation’s discovery that reconciled. The review describes the maker Alexandra Juhasz; and the story most of us are woefully lacking in different perspectives within Islamic of how an international women’s infor- knowledge of Islam, this double issue law. In the second article, Sherine mation database came to be. Of of Feminist Collections, although it has Hamdy reviews two works on Muslim course, our “Computer Talk,” “Refer- been in the works since last year, is es- women’s issues and identity in North ence Reviews,” “Periodical Notes,” and pecially timely. The three articles— America, describing the work of “Items of Note” columns are here, too. two book reviews and one video re- scholar-activists who are trying to com- And, since this is partly the Summer view—that constitute this “mini-the- bat both Orientalism and patriarchy issue of FC, you’ll find our annual vol- matic” issue on women, feminism, and within and outside Islam. The third ume index at the back. Islam all share an assumption that read- review, by Jennifer Loewenstein, takes ers may be unfamiliar with Islamic reli- a look at four very different videos on We were surprised and pleased gious terms. Thus, the writers define women (many but not all of them to find our own publication reviewed such words as shari‘a (Islamic law, or Muslim) in the Arab world. in the September 2001 issue of principles of Islamic law), hejab (mod- MultiCultural Review (p.54–55). est dress for women), hadith (tradi- There’s much more in this That’s a periodical worth checking out, tion), and ijtihad (ongoing interpreta- double issue, though: reviews of popu- by the way: although obviously not tion of sacred texts), as well as the con- lar and scholarly books about women’s entirely devoted to feminism or cept of Islamism (politicization of Is- friendships; a look at the love notes women’s issues, there’s a lot of “cross- lam). between Gertrude Stein and Alice B. over” content. It’s published four These three reviews also go into Toklas and the correspondence be- times a year by Greenwood Publishing somewhat more depth than is our cus- tween Jane Heap and Florence Group (website: www.mcreview.com). tom in explaining the content as well as Reynolds; a review of two films about We hope this issue of FC finds you evaluating the works. Islam and Femi- Audre Lorde and the diverse safe and experiencing some sense of nism: In Search of Compatibility, by “celeconference,” called “I Am Your hope, even while so much seems wrong Zohreh Ghavamshahidi, tackles two Sister,” in which she figured centrally and hopeless in the world. We’ll be works, one specifically about the reli- near the end of her life; a film about back with the Fall issue soon. gious debate in contemporary Iran and the struggles of young girls in many the other an ambitious attempt to countries of the world; a trip through show how (women’s) human rights in feminist film history that focuses on a  P.H.W. and J.L.

Miriam Greenwald

Page ii Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) BOOK REVIEWS ISLAM AND FEMINISM: IN SEARCH OF COMPATIBILITY

by Zohreh Ghavamshahidi

Ziba Mir-Hosseini, ISLAM AND GENDER: THE RELIGIOUS DEBATE IN CONTEMPORARY IRAN. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999 (Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics, ed. Dale F. Eickelman & James Piscatori). 305p. bibl. glossary. index. $57.50, ISBN 0-691-05815-6; pap., $19.95, ISBN 0-691-01004-8.

Shaheen Sardar Ali, HUMAN RIGHTS IN ISLAM AND INTERNATIONAL LAW: EQUAL BEFORE ALLAH, UNEQUAL BEFORE MAN? The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000. 358p. bibl. glossary. index. $111.00, ISBN 90-411-1268-5.

Two recently published volumes center of Shi‘i religious learning,” appearing in the places that the by Islamic feminist scholars examine p.xvii): the perspective of the pre- redefine the relation between Islam the place of gender and women’s rights revolutionary seminary system, that of and feminism. concepts in Islamic law. Anthropolo- the post-revolutionary clerics, and that Islam and Gender is well orga- gist Ziba Mir-Hosseini, in Islam and which is part of the emerging discourse nized, and its premises are supported Gender: The Religious Debate in on women’s issues outside the seminar- by detailed analyses of written texts by, Contemporary Iran, seeks to make sense ies but rooted in shari‘a. as well as transcripts of personal of her native religion and culture by interviews with, representatives of the exploring how the shari‘a (Islamic law Mir-Hosseini’s purposes in this three dominant gender perspectives. or—as defined by Sardar Ali in the work are to show that “gender roles Mir-Hosseini builds her argument “in other volume—principles of Islamic and relations, and women’s rights, are an order that reflects the chronology of law), as interpreted in Iranian post- not fixed, not given, not absolute” the development of concepts.” Each of revolutionary discourse about gender, (p.6) but are negotiated through lived the book’s three parts starts with an deals with women’s issues. Shaheen realities and debates and through the introduction of “a defining text on Sardar Ali, Professor of Law at the voices of women and men who want to women” and adds new dimensions to University of Peshawar in Pakistan, change the present situation. Further- the argument. (p.18) analyzes the primary texts of Islamic more, she asserts that Muslim feminist law and attempts to reconcile the participation can benefit from and The book’s first part—Chapters Islamic legal system with international influence global feminist politics; and 1 and 2—looks at traditionalist gender discourse on women and human she argues that Islam and feminism are discourse. In Part Two, Mir-Hosseini rights. not incompatible especially when Islam spends six chapters on new traditional- is the national ideology. ist discourse; and Part Three is made For Islam and Gender, Mir- Mir-Hosseini argues that in post- up of two chapters on modernist Hosseini has done an ethnographic revolutionary Iran, women’s participa- discourse. study of women’s issues through tion in public and political spheres has Traditionalists, in Mir-Hosseini’s extensive fieldwork in Iran. Her book increased. The enforcement of hejab study, are clerics who view the shari‘a analyzes various notions of gender that (modest dress for women) has itself as natural and compatible with human are held by clergy and the ways in been a catalyst for that participation, as nature. The traditionalist view is which those notions are modernized, it opens a legitimate public space for based on the writings of the late non- deconstructed, and reconstructed women (p.7) and actually creates a way (p.xix). She studies three “dominant for women to challenge authority by gender perspectives” in the theological seminaries in the city of Qom (“the

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 1 Book Reviews

jurist philosopher Allameh Tabataba’i and those of his student, Ayatollah Motahhari; both believed gender equality to be contradictory to shari‘a. (Mir-Hosseini writes that in a small book called Polygamy and the Position of Women in Islam, “Allameh [Tabataba‘i] articulated all that is implicit in the writings of the [t]raditionalists” (p.23).) Mir- Hosseini conducts detailed interviews with traditionalists Ayatollah Madani and Ayatollah Azari-Qomi, who follow Motohhari’s thinking and have also written extensively on women’s issues in Islam. These two traditionalists inspire Iran’s formal ideological positions on women’s rights.

To Mir-Hosseini’s questions about gender equality in shari‘a, Ayatollah Madani responds that shari‘a fully endorses the concept of equality and actually gives women more rights than men. His writings on divorce, abortion, marriage, paternity, contra- ception, sex change, and women in society, however, indicate that he tries Miriam Greenwald to adjust current gender realities to conform to shari‘a. Mir-Hosseini concludes that although Madani insists bility. Women’s participation in he recommends hejab, facilitation of that shari‘a adjusts to changing politics and society goes against the marriage for youth, and control over circumstances, his views on all the grain of Islamic order as constructed the press, public media, radio, and issues are ruled by the logic of faith by traditionalists. television as ways of encouraging young and piety and remain unaffected by Mir-Hosseini finds Ayatollah females to observe Islamic dress. In his the realities of gender relations. Azari-Qomi—the other influential writing, Azari-Qomi defends the rights Madani’s emphasis is on duties rather traditionalist cleric she interviews—to of women in social and political than rights: A woman is created in the be inconsistent in his vision and involvement, yet maintains traditional- divine plan to bear children, and narrative on women’s issues. Unlike ist interpretations of shari‘a. motherhood is her most important Madani, Azari-Qomi is a political contribution to society; to fulfill this cleric actively involved in trying to New traditionalists do pay responsibility, she must stay at home. purify the concept of hejab. His main attention to the current debates about A woman can study and work at concern, as reflected in his discourse, gender and address criticisms of home, but these activities must not centers on women’s public appear- patriarchy in shari‘a. These clerics hinder her primary role and responsi- ance, or the “culture of hejab.” admit the need for new interpretations Because he sees women as essential to of texts regarding women’s issues. the fight against cultural imperialism, They advocate dynamic jurisprudence, which attempts to find Islamic solu- tions to gender issues; and they seek

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new interpretations of shari‘a, yet does more and asks less, is the founda- Zan. Sa‘idzadeh claims that Islam reject the idea of “equality” in rights tion of society. “basically regards men and women in and duties if that term implies similar- the same way, thus it can accommo- ity. Instead, they argue for an “equal- Modernists include clerics, date feminism, which articulates ity” that implies justice and balance. laymen, and laywomen who are willing women’s aspirations in this century” The new-traditionalist view is to have dialogue with non-religious (p.249). He argues that gender is a articulated in a male-run journal called perspectives. They argue that Islam secular, not divine, concept and that Payam-e Zan (Woman’s Message). In can be understood in a flexible way gender roles are “defined and regulated reading the journal and interviewing and interpreted to encourage democ- more by familial and social circum- its editor, Mir-Hosseini comes to the racy and pluralism. The most promi- stances than by nature and divine realization that Payam-e Zan is in a nent non-cleric member of this group will.” (p.249). In refuting old hadith delicate position among religious is Abdolkarim Sorush, “perhaps the and feqh (Islamic jurisprudence) scholars in Qom, since the periodical most influential and controversial theories on gender, however, challenges traditionalist views and has thinker the Islamic Republic has so far Sa‘idzadeh insists on arguing “from been very important in debates on produced” (p.217), who has sparked within feqh itself, using its own women’s issues. The general consen- discussion and debate among all language and mode of argumentation” sus in the dynamic jurisprudence groups on gender issues. Sorush (p.250). school of thought is that the shari‘a “approaches sacred texts by reintroduc- Mir-Hosseini concludes Islam and and its rulings are eternal and immu- ing the element of rationality that has Gender with the following points table, yet there is a constant need to been part of Shi‘i thought, and regarding feminist discourse and reinterpret the rulings as times change enabling his audience to be critical activities in the Islamic Republic of and new circumstances arise. without compromising their faith” Iran: More women are both joining (p.217–218). Separating political the modernist perspective and partici- On the question of gender ethics from religious ethics, he at- pating in political sphere, and laws discrimination, the new traditionalists tributes the hadiths (traditions) on have passed that make it more difficult assert that rights must be proportional women’s issues, as well as other texts, for men to divorce their wives. None to duties—a principle they call to the political ethics of that previous of the three perspectives discussed in “equality of balance.” As the cleric in time, calling them predominantly a this work—traditionalist, new tradi- charge of Payam-e Zan’s correspon- product of the clergy. tionalist, and modernist—are rigidly dence put it, “we must divide the Sorush is highly critical of bound; rather, there are dialogues rights of individuals by their duties, traditionalist and new-traditionalist among advocates of the different views, and establish equality in the results” views on women, yet also skeptical of among men and women and between (p.117). Legal rulings define the limits feminist literature. To find answers to clerics and non-clerics. Avenues are of duties and responsibilities, and gender issues, he suggests consulting opening for dialogue and change according to this way of thinking, it is religion, science, and history. Mir- within the framework of Islam. right for there to be different laws for Hosseini asserts that Sorush’s concep- men and women. Men have the duty tion of Islam and his approach to In Gender and Human Rights in of providing maintenance for their sacred texts have empowered women Islam and International Law: Equal wives (who have the right to be to argue for gender equality within the Before Allah, Unequal Before Man?, financially supported). In return, context of Islam. This empowerment is Professor Shaheen Sardar Ali argues husbands gain the right to have reflected in the women-run journal that the concept of women’s human control over their wives (which creates Zanan (Women). rights under Islamic law can be a duty of submission for women). Another modernist is Hojjat ol- reconciled to some degree with current New traditionalists also believe that Eslam Sa‘idzadeh, a cleric who calls his United Nations formulations of human actions commanded by God approach the “equality perspective” international human rights. The basic have two levels: justice and compas- (p.249), and whose writings have sion. Justice refers to strict observance appeared in both Zanan and Payam-e of one’s duties and rights; compassion, on the other hand, under which one

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 3 Book Reviews

premise of her argument is that “the of restrictive rules. Esposito’s hierar- Islamic legal tradition is not a mono- Sardar Ali sees shari‘a as chical notion of rights, Hevener’s lithic entity” (p.3). Furthermore, she principles of Islamic law that categories of rights (protective, argues that shari‘a (“the principles of corrective, and nondiscriminatory), were produced throughout Islamic law”) does not consist of an and the modernist method of gradual- “immutable, unchanging set of the centuries from ism are all useful in her research. Yet norms,” as implied by “literalists,” but interpretations, but became the problem with these three theories is “sensitive and susceptible to the static and were elevated to is that they emphasize formal but not changing needs of time,” as implied by the status of divine law, and substantive equality (the latter of the “progressive” elements. (p.3) thus considered immutable, which would include access to and In a comparative analysis of not subject to change. That control over resources). women’s rights under Islamic and mistaken perception, she Sardar Ali’s study of Pakistan’s international law, Sardar Ali finds both believes, is the main constitutional law regarding the commonalities and divergence. She obstacle to understanding human rights of women illustrates the uses Pakistan as a case study to women’s human rights in problem of non-substantive equality. demonstrate how the rights of women Islam. Despite a formal provision for are subsumed in patriarchal gendered equality in the constitution, women institutions in society. She sees a need are absent from the debate in the to unravel these rights by interpreting was influenced by cultural and ethnic public sphere in Pakistan. She finds Islamic texts anew, from women’s differences, historical context, the contradictions between elements in points of view. Her main objective colonial past, and the school of juris- the constitution and other legal here is to deconstruct three views of prudence. provisions, such as personal status women in Islam that are enunciated in Sardar Ali introduces three per- laws and customary norms outlining the legal systems of Islamic countries, spectives that appear in the discourse women’s rights. The “operative” and then reconstruct a core concept of about human rights within Islam: (1) Islamic law in Pakistan seems to be human rights for women from the the conservative opinion that is not contradictory to the Qur’an; two primary sources of Islamic law. willing to include the diversity of examples could be the provision for opinion that exists within legal tradi- polygamy and restrictions on women’s Sardar Ali studies the Qur’an, tion; (2) the perspective of writers who inheritance rights. Hadith, Ijma (consensus), Qiyas are not willing to talk about human (analogical deduction), and Ijtihad rights, believing there is no worthwhile Even though Pakistan is a (writings of independent jurists) on argument except the literal interpreta- signatory of the United Nations the question of women’s rights. She tion of documents from countries such Conventions on Women, very little is sees shari‘a as principles of Islamic law as Saudi Arabia and Sudan; and (3) done in that country to apply interna- that were produced throughout the finally, the view of those who include in tional standards of human rights. centuries from interpretations of those their analysis the diversity of Islamic Sardar Ali explains that the human sources, but that became static and jurisprudence. rights conventions do not really take were elevated to the status of divine Sardar Ali believes these perspec- gender discrimination into account, law, and thus considered immutable, tives should be studied within the although the International Conven- not subject to change (p.23–24). That context of the Qur’an and the historical tions on Women’s Rights do. Never- mistaken perception, she believes, is development of Islam. Different theless, there is a gap between the main obstacle to understanding interpretations of the Qur’an’s teach- standards and enforcement. Sardar women’s human rights in Islam. ings on women’s rights have influenced Ali argues that both international Sardar Ali explains that shari‘a does the political and legal ideologies of human rights law and Islamic tradi- not form a homogenous entity, since it different times. Sardar Ali also believes tion create and, indeed, lend support that interpretation of the Qur’an and to a hierarchy of rights, putting the Hadith must not be limited to a set women’s rights on a lower level.

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Another important point is that the word “equality” does not ad- and non-Muslim feminist scholars there is a private/public dichotomy in equately take into account the special understand the various opinions about both international rights and Islamic needs of women (pregnancy, mother- gender issues that exist in Iran today. literature. Liberalism (the ideological ing, and family care). Islamic states Sardar Ali’s book is worth the atten- foundation for human rights) empha- have replaced equality with protective tion of both feminist and international sizes individualism and the rights of rights for women. law scholars. the individual to social, political, economic, and legal protection; In conclusion, Sardar Ali calls for [Zohreh Ghavamshahidi is Chair of the however, it does not discuss the private the development of a methodology Department of Women’s Studies and sphere, which is mostly occupied by that is capable of identifying areas of Anthropology at the University of women. Human rights law continues real or perceived disparity, and Wisconsin–Whitewater. Professor to focus primarily on public and presents alternative formulations that Ghavamshahidi teaches international political aspects. In Islam, however, make the two systems (Islamic law and law as well as introductory and upper- the concept of individual autonomy is human rights conventions) compat- division courses in comparative politics, alien. In Muslim thought, humans are ible. specializing in the politics of the Middle accountable to God for their actions; Both Islam and Gender and East; her course offerings include Women the Western concept of individual Gender and Human Rights are well in Politics and Women in International autonomy does not reflect this Islamic written and well documented. Mir- Relations.] concept. Sardar Ali also believes that Hosseini’s work can help both Muslim

NORTH AMERICAN MUSLIM WOMEN VOICE THEIR CONCERNS by Sherine Hamdy

Gisela Webb, ed. WINDOWS OF FAITH: MUSLIM WOMEN SCHOLAR-ACTIVISTS IN NORTH AMERICA. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2000. 295p. bibl. index. $39.95, ISBN 0-8156-2851-X; pap., $19.95, ISBN 0- 8156-2852-8.

Shahnaz Khan, MUSLIM WOMEN: CRAFTING A NORTH AMERICAN IDENTITY. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2000. 151p. bibl. index. $49.95, ISBN 0-8130-1749.

Western scholarship and the and violent religious culture. Unfortu- growing religion. As Islamic communi- popular imagination have long been nately, Islam as a religion and Muslim ties increase on this continent, it fascinated with the status of women in culture remain grossly misunderstood becomes more urgent for Islam as a Islam. Early nineteenth-century by the West. religion to be understood, and for Orientalist travel literature portrayed Although popular media in North dialogue between Muslim and non- Muslim women as sexually exotic America often conflate “Muslim” with Muslim North Americans to increase. others in “harems” at the height of “Arab,” the Islamic world extends far Gisela Webb’s edited collection, colonial exploits and sex tourism. beyond Arab nations, across Asia and Windows of Faith: Muslim Women More recently, scholarly and popular Africa and into Europe. Through Scholar-Activists in North America, and mass-mediated Western images of the immigration and conversions, Islam is Shahnaz Khan’s sociological study, Muslim woman include distorted steadily increasing in North America as stereotypes of oppressed, muted, veiled well, where it is today the fastest- or even shrouded women living in what is often described as a misogynist

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 5 Book Reviews

Muslim Women: Crafting a North identity that should not be confined to incorrect understandings of the Qur’an American Identity, are steps in that belief and practice of the Islamic faith. that have been used to oppress women direction. Windows of Faith provides a (p.100). welcome and sorely needed perspective Both books point out two main in Islamic, feminist, legal, and post- In addition to al-Faruqi’s problems Muslim women face: colonial studies. The authors contribution, chapters by Amina Orientalism (of which colonialism, strategically and creatively contest both Wadud, Azizah al-Hibri, Asifa Western exploitation, media Orientalism and patriarchy by Quraishi, and Riffat Hassan seek to misrepresentations, Western feminism, practicing ijtihad, or the Islamic interpret the sacred and legal Qur’anic and universalizing human rights tradition of ongoing interpretation of text in its gender-egalitarian spirit. discourse are a part) and patriarchy the sacred texts. This is an important Other strategies for asserting gender (both within and outside of Islam). move, because Islam is a religion based equality in Islam include involvement Muslim women thus find themselves on its holy text, the Qur’an. The and education of the community between a rock and a hard place: Windows of Faith authors argue that an (Nimat Barazangi, Rabia Harris, having to defend Islam to a world (one informed understanding of the Islamic Aminah McCloud, Gwendolyn that includes well-intentioned but texts is necessary for women to Simmons), participation in grassroots often patronizing Western feminists) ascertain their equal rights. Islam, they organizing (Gwendolyn Simmons), that reduces their faith and culture to point out, is based on equality of all and documenting women’s active misogyny, while simultaneously believers before God, regardless of engagement with religion in early confronting sexism from within the social distinctions such as race, class, or Islamic history (Mohja Kahf). There larger Islamic community. gender. are two practical and useful appendices Windows of Faith presents the in the book: one, by Riffat Hassan, perspectives and work of ten scholar- The collection includes details the citations for human rights activists who creatively and strategical- alternative interpretations and guarantees in the Qur’an, and the ly combat both Orientalism and approaches to the Qur’an and some of other, by Kareema Altomare, is a patriarchy by uncovering Islam’s the ahadith, or sayings of the Prophet, partial list of organizations for Muslim egalitarian spirit. Muslim Women is a that highlight Islam’s protection of women’s rights, advocacy, and higher sociological analysis of fourteen women’s equality. The authors argue Islamic education in the U.S. women in Canada who have that text and tradition have been The most compelling and internalized Orientalist and patriarchal misinterpreted for centuries by male persuasive work is in the section on views of Islam, causing many to feel jurists who did not have women’s “Law,” particularly the chapter by conflicted and to reject identification interests—or, for that matter, Islamic legal scholar Asifa Quraishi, as Muslims. Both books attempt to particularly Islamic interests—in mind. who, through a well-researched challenge contemporary discourse that Thus, as Maysam al-Faruqi argues in analysis of the Qur’an and other categorizes “Muslim” and “progres- her chapter “Women’s Self-Identity in Islamic legal texts, harshly critiques the sive” as mutually exclusive. Yet they do the Qur’an and Islamic Law,” grossly misogynist rape laws in this in different and even opposing uncovering the spirit of equality in contemporary Pakistan. Quraishi ways: the Windows of Faith contribu- Islam is not a feminist project, but the investigates these laws, which have tors call for women’s equal rights from correct Islamic one. The problem of been used to disastrous effect on within religion, by appealing to Islamic women’s status in Muslim communi- women—most notably, these laws sacred texts that state that women and ties is not in Islam itself, but in Islamic have been used to convict rape victims men are equal before God. In contrast, interpretations (which al-Faruqi would on charges of adultery. Khan’s Muslim Women attempts to argue are misinterpretations) and the move outside of religion to show that applications of Islamic laws. Al-Faruqi Quraishi points out the Qur’an’s “Muslim” is a larger category of argues that the goal of Muslims is to clear stipulation that those who accuse properly understand divine guidance, chaste women of adultery and do not and that this includes redressing bring four witnesses should themselves be punished for slander, and “their testimony should not be accepted

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which is anathema to domination: insightfully argues, “At this intersec- Uncovering the spirit of “Consequently, all laws that attempt to tion, women find themselves thrust equality in Islam is not a dominate women by denying them into predetermined discourses and practices that help shape their agency feminist project, but the equal rights must be revised to reflect the fundamental Qur’anic principle of and determine their strategies of correct Islamic one. human equality” (p.71). resistance, often to the extent that progressive politics do not appear Shahnaz Khan’s sociological possible within the category Muslim” afterwards” (p.108). She argues that study, Muslim Women: Crafting a (p.ix). the requirement of quadruple North American Identity, presents There are several major problems testimony for what is usually a private conflicted and pained testimonies of in this book. First, although the act (adultery) suggests that charges of fourteen immigrant women in Canada. author rightfully seeks to problematize adultery should be brought only in Khan bases her study on one- to two- the category “Islam” as a cohesive cases of public indecency, not in those hour interviews with each of her entity and recognizes that Islam means of private sexual conduct. As for informants, whose transcripts she different things to different people, she private sexual misconduct, Quraishi reproduces in part. does not distinguish between Islam as a refers to the statement in verses 24:11- The book begins with three case sacred and textual tradition and Islam 17 of the Qur’an that “it is not for us studies of women who, having as practiced in everyday life. This leads to speak of it” (p.111); rather, God is internalized Orientalist depictions of her to argue that “progressive politics the ultimate judge. Islam and Muslims, reject this category cannot emerge from either Islam or of identification and do not consider Orientalism but in the in-between Furthermore, Quraishi argues, themselves Muslim (this seemed hybridized third space” (p. x). rape is not even considered to be in the strange for a book entitled “Muslim domain of adultery in Islamic law. Women”). Khan theorizes Islam as a But arguing that progressive Rape is a separate and serious criminal constructed category and draws on politics cannot emerge from Islam offense in the category of assault theoretical work done on the construct would deny the work being done by (p.129). Quraishi notes that in of “ethnic identity.” She writes that Azizah al-Hibri, Asifa Quraishi, addition to criminal prosecution for she accepts the category Muslim “as a Maysam al-Faruqi, Amina Wadud, rape, Islamic jurisprudence provides a starting point” and that she wishes to and others presented in Windows of means for civil redress for a rape “problematize it in an attempt to Faith. Throughout her work, Khan’s survivor, in the form of financial understand the fluidity of cultural very definition of Islam remains compensation for the loss of his or her expressions, particularly those within elusive. I think she is right to suggest sexual autonomy (pp.131 134). diasporic communities” (p.xii). that the category “Muslim” is broader The results of this type of Khan’s study offers several in people’s identities than religious Qur’anic analysis are quite different important insights. She highlights practices. In this vein, it is interesting from interpretations that allow abuses tensions in these women’s relationships to hear the voices of people who of women in the name of Islam, as is to Islam and attributes this problem consider themselves secular Muslims currently happening with the rape laws partly to the long-standing effects of and of non-religious people who of Pakistan. In fact, if Islamic law were colonialism and current stereotypes identify or are identified as Muslims. properly followed, it is these men who about Muslims. She also successfully But Islam as a textual religious accuse rape victims of adultery who seeks to undermine essentialist notions tradition should not be confused with would be punished. As Quraishi of a “Muslim” identity. One reason Islam as anything people who call concedes, there is still much work for the interviewed women’s themselves (or are called) Muslims say ahead in post-colonial Muslim nations identification as Muslims is that they and do. Asifa Quraishi’s excellent in changing not only the laws, but also are defined as such by the wider, non- critique of Pakistan’s misogynist rape the cultural attitudes that foster such Muslim Canadian community to laws to begin with (p. 135). As Azizah which they immigrated. Khan al-Hibri also argues, the most important element of Islam is piety,

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 7 Book Reviews

laws relies wholly on this distinction. husbands, brothers, or fathers essays in Windows of Faith by women That is to say, Quraishi does not experience Muslim identity. These who successfully find strategies in an concede that the Pakistani rape laws’ women come from the diverse regions Islamic framework with which to blatant abuse of Islamic law represents and backgrounds of Iran, Pakistan, combat anti-Muslim and anti-woman Islam merely because the Pakistani India, Somalia, Egypt, Turkey, and bias. I also hope, in turn, that the government says it does. Malta. It is certainly interesting that Windows of Faith scholar-activists will The other major problem in they are all identified as Muslims by be attentive to the issues Khan raises Khan’s work is that her analysis of the wider Canadian community to about the problems faced by North “Muslim women” in North America is which they immigrated. But how can American Muslim women. based on interviews with fourteen analysis of their diverse experiences of I would recommend that Khan’s women who “are the result of a chain migration, war in their homeland, analysis be read in the context of reaction in which [she] asked one discrimination, racism, unemploy- multiculturalism, racism, immigration, person to recommend another who ment, domestic abuse, reproduction, or diaspora studies, but I did not find wanted to talk about Muslim identity” child rearing, and political it illuminating for the study of Islam in (p.24). Thus, Khan admits, the (dis)engagement be reduced to their North America. I recommend the commonalities among the women are identification as Muslims? At some Windows of Faith collection (especially “not necessarily incidental” (p.24). points, the interviewed women and the essays by al-Faruqi, al-Hibri, She tries to explain that “representa- Khan herself seem to critique the Quraishi and Wadud) for women’s tion is not an issue” because any study notion that they are seen as “merely” studies, American studies, Middle East would necessarily be subjective (p.25). Muslims by the wider Canadian studies, religious studies, scholar- This is certainly true, but that does not community, but the structure of the activist work, and any class that wishes mean that one can address as large a book only reinforces this reduction. to deal with gender and Islam. Its category as “Muslim Women in North broad range of issues makes it suitable America” based on fourteen interviews. Khan’s presentation of these for undergraduate, graduate, women’s I am not even sure one could write women’s voices, however incomplete, center, Middle East center, and law about these fourteen women’s does raise some important issues about school libraries. Because of its useful “identities” based on one- to two-hour the difficulties of forging a Muslim appendices and outreach-oriented interviews. identity in an anti-Muslim environ- material, I also highly recommend it Furthermore, these women’s ment. She suggests that despite her for public libraries. voices are extracted from their social informants’ dis-identification as and familial contexts. Thus, even as Muslims and the discrimination they [Sherine Hamdy is a doctoral candidate Khan seems to imply that the women endure on the basis of their religion, in the Department of Anthropology at have specific gendered problems with these women still desire to be Muslim. New York University. Her work forging their Muslim identities, there On this note, I hope that Khan’s critically investigates the boundaries is no basis of comparison for how their interviewees (as well as anyone who between male and female bodies cross- reads her book) will read the important culturally; her dissertation research focuses on medicine, gender, and Islam in contemporary Egypt.]

Page 8 Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Book Reviews

FRIENDSHIP (LIKE SISTERHOOD) IS POWERFUL by Helen M. Bannan

Ellen Goodman and Patricia O’Brien, I KNOW JUST WHAT YOU MEAN: THE POWER OF FRIENDSHIP IN WOMEN’S LIVES. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000. 300p. bibl. $25.00, ISBN 0-684-84287-4; pap., $14.00, ISBN 0-7432-0171-X. [Large-print cloth edition available from Thorndike Press for $29.95, ISBN 0-684-84287-4.]

Sandy Sheehy, CONNECTING: THE ENDURING POWER OF FEMALE FRIENDSHIP. New York: William Morrow/HarperCollins, 2000. 394p. index. notes. $25.00, ISBN 0-380-97430-4.

Ruth A. Symes, Ann Kaloski, and Heloise Brown, CELEBRATING WOMEN’S FRIENDSHIP: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE. York, England: Raw Nerve Books (Centre for Women’s Studies, University of York, York Y010 5DD, England; website: www.rawnervebooks.co.uk), 1999. 273p. bibl. index. pap., £7.99, ISBN 0-9536585-1-1. [For overseas pricing and ordering information, send email to [email protected].]

In her introduction to Connect- inhabited in the nineteenth century,1 autobiographical details into the ing, writer Sandy Sheehy recalls being feminist scholars from many disci- analysis, underlining the relevance of taught, as she grew up in the 1950s, plines have reexamined relationships experience as evidence in examining that “[r]omance and family were the among women, emphasizing their this inherently subjective subject sustenance of life; female friendships variety and centrality in women’s matter. As the anthology’s concluding were the garnishes—the parsley sprig lives.2 Percolated through popular essay (by Jackie Scott-Mandeville) and orange slice, not the steak and culture, these ideas have often been proclaims, “The Personal is Aca- potatoes” (p. xvii). In I Know Just oversimplified. As Goodman and demic”—a twist on the Second Wave What You Mean, authors Ellen O’Brien note, a new stereotype of slogan that fits this field of women’s Goodman and Patricia O’Brien, close women as “endlessly empathic” is studies scholarship very well. friends themselves, use a very different beginning to replace an older one that metaphor to express the balance depicted “women constantly at odds,... Sandy Sheehy grounds Connect- among key aspects of women’s backbiting, gossiping, catfighting, ing solidly in social science research experience today: “Friendship is just untrustworthy” (p. 165). Most and methodology, minus the jargon, one leg of the three-legged stool of a women’s realities lie somewhere in the producing a readable, insightful life that includes work and love” (p. middle of the arc described by that analysis. Although there are no 135). No longer a feminine frill, pendulum’s swing. numbered footnotes, references linked friendship is now recognized as a to specific pages and lines of text fill necessity, particularly within popular The nearly simultaneous thirty-seven pages at the end of the culture, which “has never validated the appearance of Connecting and I Know volume. An appendix contains a importance of friendship between Just What You Mean, two excellent, quantitative summary and the ques- women as keenly as within the last few well-researched books on women’s tions Sheehy used in an interview years,” as editors Ruth Symes, Ann friendships intended for a general study she conducted with 204 women Kaloski, and Heloise Brown note in audience, should help restore that and girls, who were carefully selected the introduction to their anthology, middle ground. This review will also to represent several dimensions of Celebrating Women’s Friendship (p.2). consider a British anthology published demographic diversity, including age, A generation of feminist thought in 1999: Symes, Kaloski, and Brown’s race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and and activism has revolutionized the Celebrating Women’s Friendship. While region. This meticulous but unobtru- way we value women’s friendships. the first two books are more directly Beginning with Carroll Smith- comparable, all three of them weave Rosenberg’s exploration of the “female world of love and ritual” that women

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 9 Book Reviews

activated my laugh-out-loud meter. Widely syndicated columnist Ellen Goodman and novelist Patricia O’Brien tested their own longstanding friendship by writing this book together. In contrast to Sheehy’s social science base, Goodman and O’Brien’s grounding is in the humanities; they primarily use evidence from literature, arts, and media, although they, like Sheehy, also cite key feminist psycho- logical classics. They also use inter- views, but they chose their informants less rigorously, talking with many prominent women (Oprah Winfrey, Mary Gordon, the Indigo Girls) and their not-so-famous friends. Though they include some “everywoman” pairs and some historical examples (Eleanor Roosevelt, Vera Brittain), their range of diversity is decidedly more limited. Goodman and O’Brien examine what they call “The Bad Stuff” as well as the good, as Sheehy does, emphasizing Miriam Greenwald that solid relationships don’t magically sprout and thrive without significant growing pains. Like Sheehy, they sive research gives the book a solid among the categories. Sheehy also conclude with advice, outlining the foundation, as it proceeds clearly from explores seven primary challenges to key principles they used to expand its first chapters, outlining a friendship and several (unnumbered) their own initial connection into a multicultural history of patterns of themes of discord among friends. The fulfilling lifetime friendship. women’s friendship in the U.S. and book ends with a self-help chapter, providing clear definitions of terms. “Seventeen Steps to Having Friends Although Goodman and O’Brien for Life” (p. 315). Sheehy fleshes out do consider life cycle issues, particu- Sheehy is fond of listing as an all her lists with specific anecdotes larly in the section that emphasizes organizational device. She identifies from her rich interview data. Given shared feminist activism as a basis of seven stages of friendship development the nature of this topic, it seems fitting friendship among women of their and ten forms such relationships can to note my subjective as well as generation, their book’s structure is take, and then discusses how these analytical response to the book. It autobiographical. Applying Sheehy’s varieties change through the life cycle passed my personal “tissue test of taxonomy of friendship types to their in six “seasons” of friendship. This truth,” since its emotional resonance relationship, one might say that section of the book seems somewhat frequently moved me to tears as I O’Brien and Goodman began as repetitive, but the examples of each remembered incidents from my own “lifemates” in the 1970s, when they type of friendship in each phase of life friendships that were similar to those were thirty-something single mothers highlight the conceptual differences described. sharing the challenge of returning to I Know Just What You Mean graduate school as Nieman Fellows at passed my tissue test as well, and also Harvard. Although geographically separate most of the time since, they have continued to rely on each other as

Page 10 Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Book Reviews

“soulmates,” building what they ships, friendships are also, Side argues, extensive interview with a retired themselves call a “lifetime friendship,” “often based on commitment and thus servant—to examine cross-class the type of relationship their book entail some sense of obligation” (p. relationships between maid and primarily considers. 72). mistress that confound public and Using both individual voices and private distinctions. This theme is jointly written sections, Goodman and Laura Potts also reexamines that explored as well by Heloise Brown and O’Brien focus on the issues that have “voluntary” distinction, noting that Krista Cowman as they analyze the emerged in different stages of their family relationships seem increasingly differences between friendship and own relationship, extending insights voluntary in this era of “‘the break- comradeship within the British more general discussions of the down of the family’” (p. 83). Potts suffrage movement. importance of talk, risk, competition, argues against romanticizing friend- In looking forward to the future of play, etc. They delve into some topics ship, and insists that the model of women’s friendships, both Kaloski’s particular to their experiences, such as sisterhood for friendship is particularly essay in Celebrating Women’s Friend- sisters as first friends, and bravely go apt, since both are fraught with the ship and Sheehy’s epilogue in Connect- into some areas Sheehy avoided, such tension that occurs between individual ing explore cyberspace as a setting as comparison of friendship styles by uniqueness and a “mutual or shared where women can build real relation- gender. Upon finishing this book, a identity” that each relationship ships using electronic communication reader can feel she has gotten to know constitutes (p. 89). tools. Sheehy emphasizes how “E-mail about women’s friendship from the Vicki Bertram builds a solid Is Female” (p. 332), while Kaloski inside of one such relationship, a theoretical foundation for her analysis raises questions of authenticity and perspective much different from of representation of friendship by gender that can become problematic in Sheehy’s broader scope. contemporary women poets. Decrying virtual domains, particularly in the feminist use of familial metaphors that “cybercity” of LambdaMOO. The ten essays in Celebrating keep friendships marginal, she states Women’s Friendship, all of which that even the politically correct phrase In conclusion, I enjoyed all of originated as papers given at a confer- “significant other” renders non-sexual these books and recommend them ence of the same title at the University friendships “insignificant” (p. 187). both as potential texts for women’s of York in 1995, provide a range of As she explicates how poets “tackle the studies courses and as recreational analytical perspectives and personal challenging terrain of identification reading for personal development. voices on women’s relationships, as the and differentiation between women” Forced to be more specific, I’d favor subtitle accurately proclaims: Past, (p. 190), Bertram unearths new ways Sheehy for undergraduates, the Present and Future. The volume in which poets configure familial anthology for grad students, and begins with two powerful, jointly relationships to illuminate friendship Goodman and O’Brien for an airplane authored pieces that perceptively themes within them. book or a good friend’s birthday gift. analyze current friendships between Three historical essays shed new academics of different generations light on friendships past. Ruth Symes Notes (Jane Montague and Ali Andrew) and explores the close friendship that different racial/ethnic backgrounds developed solely through letters 1. Carroll Smith-Rosenberg, “The (Juliet Betts and Shantu Watt). exchanged between nineteenth-century Female World of Love and Ritual: Three excellent theoretical pieces Irish educational reformer Maria Relations Between Women in Nine- ground the present in the recent past Edgeworth and a concerned American teenth-Century America.” Signs v.1, of feminist scholarship. Katherine Jewish mother, Rachel Mordecai no.1 (1975), 1–29. Side identifies three major approaches Lazarus. Judy Giles uses a variety of 2. Notable discipline-based works (psychosexual, sociocultural, and twentieth-century sources—including include literary historian Lillian radical) in feminist theory on friend- Daphne DuMaurier’s novel Rebecca, a Faderman, Surpassing the Love of Men: ship and calls for more complete college graduate’s account of her life conceptualization of friendship disguised as a “charwoman,” and an maintenance. Although touted as more voluntary than family relation-

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 11 Book Reviews

Romantic Friendships Between Women (New York: Viking Penguin, 1988); Louise Bernikow, Among Women (New from the Renaissance to the Present linguist Deborah Tannen, You Just York: Harper and Row, 1980) and (New York: William Morrow, 1981); Don’t Understand: Men and Women in Letty Cottin Pogrebin, Among Friends: psychologist Lillian Rubin, Just Conversation (New York: Ballantine Who We Like, Why We Like Them, and Friends: The Role of Friendship in Our Books, 1990); theologian Mary E. What We Do About It (New York: Lives (New York: Harper & Row, Hunt, Fierce Tenderness: A Feminist McGraw Hill, 1987). 1985); philosopher Janice Raymond, A Theology of Friendship (New York: Passion for Friends: Toward a Philoso- Crossroad, 1991), and sociologist Pat [Helen M. Bannan, Director of phy of Female Affection (Boston: O’Connor, Friendships Between Women’s Studies at the University of Beacon Press, 1986); psychotherapists Women: A Critical Review (New York: Wisconsin–Oshkosh, is currently serving Luise Eichenbaum and Susie Orbach, Guilford, 1992). In addition, two as an interim associate dean of the Between Women: Love, Envy and insightful books by feminist authors College of Letters and Science there.] Competition in Women’s Friendships outside academia were influential:

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Page 12 Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Book Reviews

CORRESPONDING WOMEN: HEAP–REYNOLDS AND STEIN–TOKLAS by Susan Barribeau

Holly Baggett, ed., DEAR TINY HEART: THE LETTERS OF JANE HEAP AND FLORENCE REYNOLDS. New York: New York University Press, 2000. 208p. bibl. ill. index. $55.00, ISBN 0-8147-1246-0; pap., $20.00, ISBN 0- 8147-9856-X.

Kay Turner, ed., BABY PRECIOUS ALWAYS SHINES: SELECTED LOVE NOTES BETWEEN GERTRUDE STEIN AND ALICE B. TOKLAS. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999. bibl. ill. $17.95, ISBN 0-312-19832-9; pap., $12.95, ISBN 0-312-26713-4.

These evocatively titled books with women in lesbian relationships but it did make me think about are both collections of women’s during their lives and, judging from libraries and the vexing conflict correspondence, but very different their writings, were very self-accepting. between privacy and scholarly accessi- ones. Dear Tiny Heart consists of Stein and Toklas were lifelong bility. letters exchanged over a span of thirty- partners. Heap and Reynolds, who met seven years by two women who were in 1908 and were lovers early in their Holly Baggett’s introductory rarely together; the love notes in Baby relationship, remained friends for life, material in Dear Tiny Heart serves a Precious Always Shines were exchanged even when their primary relationships different purpose. It is a welcome by two women who were hardly ever were with other women. summary of the complex life and apart in their many years together. Both books feature generous and activities of Jane Heap and a source of The two edited collections make well-fashioned introductory essays by information about her lifelong connec- available to scholars (and other their respective editors. Kay Turner’s tion with Florence Reynolds. Again, interested parties) private communica- introduction to Baby Precious Always there is discussion about the process tions between two women who are Shines is very much about the notes and ramifications of bringing this very famous (Gertrude Stein and Alice themselves, their form and content, collection (housed at the University of B. Toklas), and between two others and their context within the domestic Delaware) to publication. Issues of (Jane Heap and Florence Reynolds) life of this famous couple—Stein and privacy and personal discretion are whose names are not commonly Toklas, after all, need no introduction. raised here too. As with Baby Precious, recognized. Turner also shares some of the the privacy issues in Tiny Heart have Despite the differences, these backstory on the finding and publish- to do with the intimate nature of the women have a number of commonali- ing of these notes, which are part of correspondents’ relationships—even ties. They were contemporaries. the Gertrude Stein papers at Yale’s though, for the most part, all of the Three of them—Stein, Toklas, and Beinecke Library. She devotes several women lived quite openly as lesbians. Heap—knew each other for many intriguing paragraphs to how the notes Jane Heap experienced fame years. Stein and Toklas lived and came to be included in the Stein herself during her lifetime, as co- worked in Paris permanently, Heap papers that Toklas gave to Yale after editor, with Margaret Anderson, of the temporarily, and the three shared Stein’s death in 1947—the notes “...by Little Review—a groundbreaking and many acquaintances in literary and all accounts...given by mistake.” adventurous literary journal that social circles of expatriate Americans Toklas did not want the notes made occupied a prime place during its and internationally known writers and public, but in 1981, the Beinecke existence (1914–1929) in publishing artists. Florence Reynolds lived in the Library decided to make them acces- new work of modernist writers. The United States, occasionally visiting and sible for research. My curiosity about traveling with Heap in Europe. All this decision will likely not be satisfied, four women were intellectually aware and interested in the arts. All lived

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 13 Book Reviews

Little Review was the first to publish Baby Precious Always Shines differs jacket, and hat—and a very intent chapters of James Joyce’s Ulysses—an considerably in sensibility from Dear expression. It is an arresting picture, act for which the editors were tried Tiny Heart. The Stein–Toklas and very gender-ambiguous. “Who is (and convicted) on charges of obscen- collection consists of informal and that guy?” asked a colleague who ity. brief love notes between two people spotted the book on my desk. Each Heap and Anderson were lovers as who were very rarely apart. I found book contains photos of the respective well as co-publishers. Anderson wrote myself thinking about Post-It correspondents. Baby Precious Always several books that describe their Notes.™ Had these women lived in Shines also includes reproductions of various partnerships. One of the most our time, perhaps Gertrude’s late-night some of the notes themselves, as well as useful aspects of Dear Tiny Heart is its notes would be written on those small, of some receipts and miscellanea from presentation of Heap’s perspective on pale-yellow flaps of paper and stuck to the Stein–Toklas household. There is the relationship with Anderson. her lover’s mirror or toothbrush to be something comforting about being Anderson figures large in Jane found in the morning. The important able to scrutinize photographs when Heap’s life throughout the span of thing is that however informal the love reading such personal missives. Heap’s correspondence with Reynolds. notes were, Alice saved them all. Jane Heap eventually moved away Early on, a young Heap writes in from her public life in the world of despair and exasperation to Reynolds The notes, mostly from Stein to avant-garde art and literature when she (now her friend, no longer a lover) Toklas, are affectionate in the extreme, became a disciple of the mystic George about Anderson’s infidelity and playful, gender-bending, repetitive, Gurdjieff. She moved to London and flightiness. As the correspondents age, and full of small clues about their led Gurdjieff study groups for the rest their letters express the mellowing of domestic life together. Perhaps the of her life, focused on self-awareness volatile, youthful relationships into most startling revelation in this and spirituality. Gertrude Stein solid and permanent friendships. collection is the clarity that emerges remained steadfast in her creative Indeed, in the later years, Reynolds has about the meaning of a peculiar Stein– habits and, rather than withdrawing gotten to know Anderson well and Toklas term. Scholars have heretofore from a public life, became, if anything, expresses much concern to Heap about widely believed that when Stein wrote more available—traveling, reading, Anderson’s perilous predicament in about a “cow,” she was referring to an and lecturing. France during World War II. orgasm. In the love notes, finally, “cow” unambiguously turns out to Both Heap and Stein were The Heap–Reynolds letters are mean bowel movement. lifelong seekers. I would venture to say organized by time period into four The Stein–Toklas notes are icing that having such steadfast, lifelong sections, with helpful context notes by on the cake for many readers, for companions as Reynolds and Toklas the editor in each section. The reader whom much about these women’s lives provided an invaluable foundation of shifts perspective along with the and story will already be familiar—The unconditional love and support. Such correspondents as their lives move on. Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, the art a foundation allowed these women to Reynolds’ steadfast love and generous collection, Making of Americans, the advance the creative ideas of the early support for Heap does not waver. apartments at rue de Fleurus and rue twentieth century, each in her own Heap often addresses Reynolds as Christine, and the poodle(s) named way. “Dear Mother,” revealing—bla- Basket. The Heap–Reynolds letters, tantly—a primary emotional depen- on the other hand, are the cake, in that [Susan Barribeau is an academic dency. Reynolds’ support was finan- they tell about lives and stories that are librarian at the University of Wiscon- cial as well as emotional. She not only not so well known. sin–Madison. Currently she wears two sent money regularly during her life, As objects, both books are well- hats: Electronic Resources Coordinator but also, upon her death in 1949, left produced, paperbound artifacts. The and Libraries Web Site Manager. In her income to Heap (who lived until cover of Dear Tiny Heart features a spite of these titles, however, she did not 1964). photograph of Jane Heap from the become a librarian because she loves shoulders up, wearing a shirt, tie, computers but rather because she loves books.]

Page 14 Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) FEMINIST VISIONS Women in Islam: Four Films by Jennifer Loewenstein

HOLLYWOOD HAREMS. 24 mins., color. 1999. Tania Kamal-Eldin. Women Make Movies, 462 Broadway, Suite 500L, New York, NY 10013; phone: (212) 925-0606; email: [email protected]; website: www.wmm.com. Rental: $60.00. Sale: $250.00. Order #: W00665.

CRIMES OF HONOUR. 44 mins., color. 1998. Dir: Shelley Saywell. First Run/Icarus Films, 32 Court Street, 21st Floor, Brooklyn, NY 11201; phone: (718) 488-8900; fax: (718) 488-8642; website: http://www.frif.com/ Rental: $75.00. Sale: $375.00.

THE BORN-AGAIN MUSLIMS. Part One of Beyond the Veil: The Conflict Between the Muslim World and the West (a series of three videos Produced by Kanakna Documentary in association with Mundovision Ltd.) 52 mins. 1999. Filmakers Library, 124 East 40th Street, New York, NY 10016; phone: (212) 808-4980; fax: 212-808-4983; e-mail: [email protected]; website: http://www.filmakers.com/ Rental: $75.00. Sale: $350.00.

FOUR WOMEN OF EGYPT. 90 mins., color. 1997. Tahani Rached. Women Make Movies, 462 Broadway, Suite 500L, New York, NY 10013; phone: (212) 925-0606; email: [email protected]; website: www.wmm.com. Rental: $90.00. Sale: $295.00. Order #: W99629.

There has been renewed interest Sheikh, made in 1921, and the latest primarily Middle Eastern and North in the Middle East and in Islam of late, are from films such as Son of Sinbad African countries. The stories recorded for a variety of reasons. One issue that and Kismet, which were produced in are chilling. Various people, including many people have been looking at the 1950s. As a history of the image of women’s rights lawyers and their more closely is the role of women in Oriental women in Hollywood films, clients, potential victims, and family Islamic culture. Four videos examine this video is informative. It does not, members of past victims relate all sides this topic from different standpoints however, touch on more discerning of the different stories. The writer and provide us with, among other issues such as the changing perception does not hesitate to condemn this things, contexts within which this of women in Islam over time, and it horrific practice, however. topic can be even more closely exam- never looks at the political climate ined. either in the United States or in the “Honor killings,” as they are The portrayal of Muslim women various Middle East nations as a still called, refer to the murder, by in Western films has long been a possible framework from which our male family members, of women or fascinating topic. In Hollywood images have developed. The focus here girls who refuse to accept an arranged Harems, we are shown a series of clips is strictly on entertainment: films are marriage, lose their virginity before from Hollywood films that portrayed made to entertain us, and the Oriental marriage, are raped, are victims of the “Oriental” woman as the object of woman is, at best, the object of sexual incest, fall in love with the “wrong” Western male fantasies: for instance, as entertainment for the primary viewers, man, or in some other way “dishonor” a suggestive, scantily dressed, simple who are adult males. their families by “behaving” in socially creature who lures men to herself Shelley Saywell’s Crimes of unacceptable ways or refusing to through the forbidden territory of the Honour, much more serious and accept traditional roles. Honor killings harem, past the inviolability of the veil. memorable, is a well-researched The clips are convincing but documentary about honor killing in incomplete. The earliest is from Rudolph Valentino’s famous film, The

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take place primarily (but not exclu- or Jordan’s capital, Amman, there are telling us that, “like most Muslims, the sively) among the poorer classes, where women’s shelters, as well as new laws people of Sudan believe the West is the “honor” is a more achievable distinc- making it illegal for men to commit aggressor.” The filmmakers interview tion than wealth. This tradition, we these killings. But even where the laws Muslims from places as varied as are informed, originated with ancient have been implemented, the penalty is Sudan, Turkey, and Iran on their tribal codes that made women’s bodies minimal. This video effectively reasons for embracing Islamic funda- the property of men. Examples of the highlights a serious issue faced by mentalism. Yet while the reasons vary practice can be found in Africa, women in societies that still allow (from the statement that this is “what throughout the Middle East, and as far them to be treated as the property of Allah has ordained” to “because the away as Pakistan. Contrary to popular male-dominated families. West is fighting Islam in Palestine”), belief, however, honor killings have no one can mistakenly get the impression basis whatsoever in Islam or in the Part One of the Beyond the Veil that fundamentalism is a movement of Koran, and, according to Saywell, they series presents a different image of the majority in Islamic countries, have taken place in Christian and women in Islam. Here, instead of which it is not. There is an “explosive Jewish families as well as among passive victims, we see “born again Islamic revival under way,” claims the Muslims. Muslims,” women who militantly narrator. Will this not lead to “a new practice “Islam” in reaction to the cold war confrontation?” he asks. Efforts to stop these crimes are intrusion of Western cultural values. Islamism has indeed flourished in under way in many countries today, This film is one part of a study of some places, including in Algeria and but have had limited success. In Islamism—a term that connotes not Iran, and within militant fundamental- Jordan alone, for example, a woman is essential, “pure,” or traditional Islam ist groups such as Hamas and killed every two weeks for bringing (in which there is no justification for Hizbullah. That this represents the “shame” to her family. The only refuge terrorist violence), but rather a modern trend for the future, however, is not for most women at risk is a prison or politicization of Islam that many clear—especially if one examines the mental hospital, which provides only Muslims abhor. This segment focuses recent history of Iran, where the desire temporary security at best. In more particular attention on the role of for a relaxation of the strict religious advanced areas such as the West Bank women in Islamism. It is nevertheless codes has long been evident. In only part of a broader debate referred to by one other Islamic country (Afghani- some as the “clash of civilizations”— stan, which indeed languishes under the meeting of the Islamic East with the outrageously repressive Taliban) the secular West. As such, it is over- have Muslim fundamentalists taken general in its depiction of Islam as a power or successfully “converted” a faith without variation or complexity, majority of the population. Women accepted blindly and at face value by fundamentalists in Islamist countries all who call themselves Muslim. By are even more a minority, although the portraying only the fundamentalists, images we see here might suggest this documentary does little justice to otherwise. the millions of people, men and There are a number of interesting women, who are culturally and and revealing interviews in Beyond the religiously Muslim but who are neither Veil: Born-Again Muslims. Until dogmatic nor militant in their obser- recently, one might have come away vance of Islam. First we watch as Sudanese women train in an Islamic militia Contrary to popular belief, Miriam Greenwald outside Khartoum. The image of the honor killings have “terrorist” comes swiftly to mind, and the narrator reinforces this image by no basis whatsoever in Islam or in the Koran.

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feeling that the film was intended to observant. All have been affected by especially at a time when modernity scare us with an exaggerated sense of the turmoil and change that marked and tradition were shaking the old the threat of Islamic fundamentalism Egypt’s post–World War II history. All foundations of Egypt and transforming from “the East” (in reality, from the have passionate opinions about Gamal it into the dynamic, if potentially poorest, most underdeveloped coun- Abdul Nasser’s “revolution” and the explosive, third-world power it is tries of the Mid-East). Sadly, from the regime of his successor, Anwar Sadat. today. other side of September 11, 2001, the All were active in political struggle of threat feels all too real. On the other one kind or another. Each story [Jennifer Loewenstein is a senior lecturer hand, the film does make clear that represents another facet of Egypt’s in Business Communications at the stereotypes about “the East” or “the internal and external changes in the University of Wisconsin–Madison. A West” exist on both sides, and that twentieth century—whether of social longtime human rights advocate focusing perhaps it would be better to try to revolution (women’s rights, unions, primarily on human rights abuses in the understand the “other” so that we economic inequality) or political Middle East, she has studied classical become “traveling companions” rather upheaval (ending British occupation, and modern Arabic, Islam, and modern than enemies. making peace with Israel, allying with Middle Eastern history. Jennifer taught the U.S., etc.) English in the Palestinian refugee camps Tahani Rachad’s Four Women of The documentary is enjoyable to of South Beirut, Lebanon, where she Egypt is a remarkable story of four watch because we see the human face lived for two summers, and has lived, women whose lives are entwined both of struggle, friendship, women’s traveled, and studied in Israel and the in friendship and with the history of solidarity, and conflict. There are no Occupied Territories. In 1989, she lived modern Egypt. Each woman has an clear answers on the direction that in West Berlin, where her studies led her entirely different story to tell, making modern Egypt will take regarding to the situation of the Turkish her relationship with the others the issues as divisive as women’s rights. Gästarbeiter in Germany. She has more telling. One is a Christian whose But the film is also educational, in that written and spoken extensively on first language was French and who each woman chose a way of life that human rights and international law, grew up in Paris and Cairo. Another nevertheless intersected with the often especially with respect to the Israel/ has become a religious Muslim. The dramatically opposed lives of the other Palestine conflict.] other two are culturally Muslim but, women interviewed. The story of their like many Christians and Jews in the continued friendship is uplifting, United States, are not particularly

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Her Vision Survives: Two Films About Audre Lorde

by Catherine Green

THE EDGE OF EACH OTHER’S BATTLES: THE VISION OF AUDRE LORDE. 87 mins. 2000. Prod.: Jennifer Abod. For ordering details, write to Profile Productions, P.O. Box 21387, Long Beach, CA 90801; email: [email protected].

A LITANY FOR SURVIVAL: THE LIFE AND WORK OF AUDRE LORDE. 60 mins. 1995. Ada Gay Griffin and Michelle Parkerson. Third World Newsreel, 545 Eighth Ave., 10th Floor, New York, NY 10018; phone: (212) 947-9277; fax: (212) 594-6417; website: http://www.twn.org. Rental: film, $300.00 plus shipping; video, $100.00 plus shipping. Sale: film, $1000.00 plus shipping; video, $250.00 plus shipping.

At the end of the poem “A communities as she speaks for herself tween ourselves and others as well as Litany for Survival,” Audre Lorde and her complex identifications. In our own internalized contradictions— wrote, “We were never meant to sur- the film Litany for Survival: The Life we need to speak. We speak and write vive.” She also recited the line in many and Work of Audre Lorde, Adrienne ourselves collaboratively into commu- interviews and speeches. What did she Rich notes, “There was a contradictory nities and worlds, just as Lorde created mean? Who are we? What is it to sur- seizing upon Audre as a token—espe- worlds—through her poetry as well as vive? cially as a Black lesbian, by white lesbi- her social activism—where they didn’t As AnaLouise Keating suggests in ans.” Rich mentions the pain this exist before. Women Reading Women Writing, caused Lorde, who was deeply commit- The poet Sapphire, also speaking Lorde’s “we” is performative and po- ted to inclusiveness. The in the film Litany, discusses Lorde’s litical.1 In her speeches, essays and po- performativity of Lorde’s “we” depends coming out as a lesbian at a time when etry, Lorde is inclusive.2 She offers us on our complex identifications—our “there was great terror about being dif- numerous opportunities to explore our ability and willingness to relate to what ferent” among Black Nationalists—as affiliations, our differences, and the is familiar in an “other” helps us to well as elsewhere. Sapphire continues, very fabric of our humanity. She asks embrace what is frightening or differ- “For her to stand up and say ‘I am a that we scrutinize our lives—examin- ent. When white lesbians and femi- lesbian’ was not just moving the ing principles that underlie our various nists embrace Lorde without examin- mountain, it was creating a new world oppressions, understanding how we ing our own racism or privilege, we fail for us.” may be complicit in our own oppres- to understand Lorde’s vision and miss sions and the systems that oppress oth- opportunities to move toward more Both films reviewed here—Grif- ers. Lorde’s “we” invites us to assume just communities and satisfying inter- fin and Parkerson’s Litany for Survival: our commonality as we work with and actions. But Lorde worked between all The Life and Work of Audre Lorde and celebrate our differences. the groups with whom she identi- Jennifer Abod’s more recent The Edge At the same time, Lorde speaks fied—pointing to homophobia and of Each Other’s Battles: The Vision of very specifically to groups who have sexism among Black men, homophobia Audre Lorde—document Lorde’s often been systematically denied visibility, among Black women, and so on. pivotal and galvanizing involvement in who have been oppressed and silenced. Lorde’s “we” invites “us” to speak, social political movements. As a Black woman, a feminist, a les- and to take responsibility for our There is a way in which Abod’s bian, a poet, a single mother of two, speaking. For Lorde, survival depends The Edge of Each Other’s Battles picks and more, Lorde is very clear about her on our ability to recognize the differ- up where Litany leaves off. Abod’s own connections and speaks for those ences between us as resources that we film thoughtfully discusses Lorde’s so- can use. In order to learn what our dif- cial activism in depth as it documents ferences are—both the differences be- a 1990 “celeconference” entitled “I Am Your Sister: Forging Global Connec- tions Across Differences,” which was

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organized to celebrate Lorde and her at peace—than is spent to feed the by the sense of the power and impor- work, as well as to bring together com- starving children in this country, tance of Lorde’s work that are enacted munities from all over the world. never mind the world? Where the and discussed in Jennifer Abod’s film, Griffin and Parkerson’s Litany also price of one stealth bomber, al- The Edge of Each Other’s Battles. The provides some footage from the confer- ready outmoded, is more than the planners of the “I Am Your Sister” ence and, near the end, introduces the entire federal appropriation for all celeconference—particularly Angela voices of conference organizers. Both of the arts in this country. What Bowen and Jacqui Alexander—discuss, films indulge the viewer with marvel- does it mean that a Black, lesbian, often with Lorde, the planning of the ous, up-close moments with Lorde. feminist warrior, poet, mother is conference, difficulties that came up in named as the state poet of New the course of the event, and Lorde’s In Litany, Lorde reads various of York? It means that we live in a social and political theory honestly and her poems, as well as passages from world full of the most intense con- in some depth. The conference de- Zami, her “biomythography.” The tradictions, and we must find ways picted in this video helps us remember readings are woven throughout the to use the best we have—our- how to practice what Lorde has taught film, giving a narrative coherence to selves, our work—to bridge those us. the rich montage of images, Lorde’s contradictions. voice, and others’ testimony. Old still The footage of Lorde in Abod’s photographs—particularly of Lorde For Lorde, these contradictions, film is superb. (Students of Lorde may but also of newspaper clippings—as juxtapositions, and differences teach find it thrilling—as did this reviewer.) well as historic marches, demonstra- us. What is our position in relation to She reads and speaks to the conference, tions, and everyday life in Harlem others? What is our world and how and her filmed conversations with the where Lorde grew up provide a sense can we move it? organizers, as well as with others such of the times as well as a closer glimpse Griffin and Parkerson’s film as Barbara Smith, feel very personal. into Lorde’s earlier life. touches on Lorde’s international work, The depth of discussion in this film is The film shows Lorde addressing including the time she spent helping to intensely satisfying. Also satisfying is the viewer directly; it also records ex- galvanize the community of Afro-Ger- Abod’s willingness to let the viewer tensive testimony from people who man women in Germany. We are also hear entire speeches and give speakers were close to her and for whom she has shown a portion of Ellen Kuzwayo’s the chance to develop their ideas. And been important: Sonia Sanchez, Sap- presentation at the “You Are My Sis- conference organizer Angela Bowen, phire, Adrienne Rich, Jewell Gomez, ter” celeconference, where Kuzwayo who had access to Lorde’s papers and Dr. Gloria Joseph (Lorde’s partner), assured the poet that the name of notes in the writing of her doctoral Essex Hemphill, Barbara Smith, Audre Lorde is known in South Africa. dissertation,3 adds numerous insightful Blanche Wiesen Cook, Lorde’s sisters, Litany intricately pieces together observations about Lorde’s life and and Lorde’s son, Jonathan Rollins. the fabric of Lorde’s biography and theory and the movements with which We are allowed to hear conversations work. The video contains interviews Lorde was associated. between Audre and her daughter, with Lorde as she is very near death; Elizabeth Rollins Lorde. The viewer is some of the depictions are so profound also invited into Lorde’s home life with that students and lovers of Lorde’s We live in a world full of the Gloria on St. Croix. work may even feel as if they were most intense contradic- Lorde’s powerful acceptance present. Lorde gave vision and voice to tions, and we must find speech upon being appointed Poet and for a house of difference. Her early ways to use the best we Laureate of New York State in 1991 is death left a terrible void that many felt have—ourselves, our included early in the film. She said, and still feel emotionally and intellec- work—to bridge those con- tually, so both films are powerfully im- tradictions. I’ve been asking myself, what does portant and satisfying on a number of it mean to be a poet in a country levels. —Audre Lorde where more money per minute, Litany ends with a great feeling of every minute, is spent on arma- loss, some of which might be overcome ments—and we are supposed to be

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The celeconference organizers had all the power.) In response, the conference Lorde claims that we are wanted to make sure that half the par- organizers stayed up all night to going to survive. But at the end of ticipants would be women of color and change the conference space so that a both films, there remains a tremendous working-class women—particularly “speak-out” could take place. In re- sense of loss. cultural workers—who use Lorde’s sponse to the struggle, Lorde also ad- work. This had been a dream of dressed the conference again: Notes Lorde’s, and the planners went to great lengths to make it happen. Partici- I love you. I really love you. Even 1. AnaLouise Keating, Women Read- pants represented twenty-three coun- when I fight with you and even ing Women Writing: Self Invention in tries and included men who defined when the severe battles between us Paula Gunn Allen, Gloria Anzaldua themselves as feminist. Lorde ex- happen—and they have happened and Audre Lorde (Philadelphia, PA: plained her globalism to the partici- and they will continue to happen, Temple University Press, 1996). pants: “We are part of communities, because we are different, because 2. Lorde’s published work includes and all over the world people of the we see things differently and be- numerous volumes of poetry, as well as earth are saying, ‘you took my land, cause we have different ways of several prose works: Zami: A New you didn’t use it well, you abused it, responding to the terrors that Spelling of My Name you polluted it, you didn’t pay for it. haunt us. But to be able to love (“biomythography”) (Freedom, CA: Give it back.’ That is what we begin and to recognize what love The Crossing Press, 1997); Sister Out- with.” means—not total acceptance, not sider: Essays and Speeches (Freedom, The celeconference was planned to blind acceptance, but recognition. CA: The Crossing Press, 1996); A explore the ideas in the essay “Eye to To recognize that if we move Burst of Light (essays) (Ithaca, NY: Eye: Black Women, Hatred, and An- against a common enemy doesn’t Firebrand Books, 1988); The Cancer ger,”4 in which Lorde discusses inter- mean we all beat the same drum Journals (San Francisco, CA: aunt lute nalized racism. The conference orga- or play the same tune. It means books, 1997). Also, there is a Norton nizers planned “eye to eye” sessions in that we are committed to a future. collection of her poetry, now out in which various groups were convened paperback: The Collected Poems of by category in order to discuss their Both films are beautifully made; Audre Lorde (New York, NY: W.W. differences and similarities. Appar- but more important, they keep Lorde’s Norton & Company, 1997). ently a rift developed, and while many vision alive. It is especially important 3. Angela Bowen, Who Said it Was participants found the sessions to be for us to remember the conference that Simple: Audre Lorde’s Complex Connec- enormously revealing, others felt that Abod’s film documents, and to con- tions to Three U.S. Liberation Move- they were not being heard and wanted tinue to reflect on how we might fur- ments, 1952-1992. Unpublished doc- a chance to speak publicly about their ther Lorde’s work—and our own— toral dissertation. experience. (Bowen and Alexander toward a livable future. Abod’s film 4. Audre Lorde, Sister Outsider: Essays speculate that women of color who raises important questions for femi- and Speeches (Freedom, CA: The weren’t Black felt that Black women nism, particularly around race and Crossing Press, 1996), p.145–176. class issues. Is there an inclusive and performative “we” in feminism—out- [Catherine Green is finishing a disserta- side of Lorde’s texts? At the end of the tion at New York University, in which she uses Audre Lorde’s work as theoretical basis for a pedagogy of image/text from a feminist and lesbian perspective. She is also currently teaching composition and literature at Defiance College in Defi- ance, Ohio.]

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Childhoods Stolen: The Plight of Girls Worldwide

by Patrice Petro

OF HOPSCOTCH AND LITTLE GIRLS: STOLEN CHILDHOOD. 53 mins. 1999. Marquise Lepage. Films for the Humanities & Sciences, P.O. Box 2053, Princeton, NJ 08543; phone: (800) 257-5126; fax: (609) 275-3767; email: [email protected]; website: www.films.com. Item No. 10982, VHS. Rental: $75.00. Sale: $129.00.

One person in five in the world This deeply moving documentary textual messages give statistics that are lives on less than $1 per day and one features interviews with girls, aged often shocking and always disturbing, in seven people suffers from chronic eight to fourteen, who speak in their reminding us of the precarious and hunger: the vast majority of poor own words about their experiences difficult global context in which girls people are women and children. growing up in countries from India to and women work and live today. “In Women have less means than men to Thailand, Haiti to Quebec. They all Haiti,” one message states, “250,000 avoid or climb out of poverty. play hopscotch outside their homes girls work as slaves.” Others tell us that and share similar aspirations and “from the age of five, girls in develop- There are officially 110 million girls dreams: buying a new pair of shoes, ing countries work 4–16 hours per day in the world between the ages of 4 having a new bike, or becoming rich at household chores” and that “girls and 14 who work, and this number and famous one day. However, the and women provide 70% of work does not take into account domestic documentary makes it clear that these hours and get 10% of the revenue.” labour. Working conditions are girls will probably never have the almost always worse for women than opportunity to achieve their goals, Not surprisingly, however, the for men (informal, atypical, casual, given the pervasive sexism and gender most powerful sequence in this video is on-call, underpaid work) and bias that persist unabated today. visual and dramatic, not textual or systematic wage inequity persists based on statistics. Midway through (women earn roughly 25% less than In testimonial after testimonial, the documentary, the filmmaker men, with huge disparities between the girls tell their stories—of forced recreates and stages the practice of countries). labor and forced marriage, of sexual female circumcision in a small African slavery and sexual mutilation. Their village. With a simple single-edged One million children around the faces are rendered in close-up, and blade, older women family members world, mainly girls, are recruited their words are translated and spoken perform genital cutting on their young into the sex industry each year. by a female voice off-camera, which daughters and granddaughters. Their obviously aids the English-speaking victims are left hobbling, emotionally Girls and women own less than 1% viewer but sometimes detracts from distraught, and deeply angry at other of the planet’s wealth; we furnish the power of the testimony at hand. women. Thus does this documentary 70% of the work hours and earn One wonders why subtitles weren’t bring home the way in which embed- only 10% of the income.1 used instead. Printed text messages are ded cultural traditions result in the presented throughout, though, generational divisions and the legacy of In her most recent film, award- offering factual information about the women harming other women. winning Canadian filmmaker Mar- social, economic, and cultural position In 1999, director Marquise quise Lepage explores the situation of of girls and women at the turn of a Lepage was named “Artiste pour la little girls around the world in an effort new millennium. Like the statements to document the persistence of at the beginning of this review, these poverty, forced labor, child prostitu- tion, sexual violence, and sexual abuse.

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Paix” by the National Film Board of Montreal, and her longstanding sexual orientation or gender identity Canada. The organization known as commitment to women’s issues has (i.e., as transgender or transsexual); Les Artistes pour la Paix, established in been recognized not only by govern- and so on.2 1983, brought together a group of ment agencies but by the critical artists whose works aimed to promote establishment as well. Of Hopscotch and Little Girls peace that can be sustained through Although marketed as an educa- presents an excellent opportunity for disarmament and social justice. In tional documentary for the humanities scholars and educators to reflect on the being honored by this award, Lepage and social sciences (and, presumably, persistence of sexism, violence, was recognized for a decade of film and for high school students), Of Hopscotch discrimination, and abuse of women video work that is noteworthy for its and Little Girls is best understood as worldwide—both within developing pacifist and feminist character. the work of a dedicated feminist countries and in our own communi- filmmaker who, in this most recent ties. Lepage’s other films include documentary, tackles the transnational Marie s’en va-t-en ville (a story of a terrain of sexual and gender rights. Notes runaway girl who takes refuge with an This short video takes its place aging prostitute, 1987); Un soleil alongside the work of women activists 1. Based on data reported by Naomi dentre deux nuages (about the courage worldwide who have invoked the Neft and Ann D. Levin in Where of children suffering from terminal phrase “sexual rights” to recognize Women Stand: An International Report illnesses, 1989); Mon Amerique a moi what scholar Ara Wilson refers to as a on the Status of Women in over 140 (a personal look at travel and dreams, wide array of rights that continue to be Countries, 1997–1998 (New York: 1992), Dans ton pays (a fictional short ignored, withheld, or abused: Random House, 1998). See also the nominated for a Genie award, 1993), the right for women [and in the case of Lepage video under review here. La Fete des Rois (in which a young boy this documentary, girls as young as 10 2. Ara Wilson, “The Transnational observes his family as they celebrate years old] to refuse marriage; for Geography of Sexual Rights,”in Truth Little Christmas, 1994), Le Jardin groups to have publicly visible alterna- Claims: Representation and Human oublie: la vie et l’oeuvre d’Alice Guy- tive sexual cultures; for girls to escape Rights, ed. Patrice Petro and Mark Blache (a loving treatment of the virginity exams or genital cutting; for Bradley (Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers world’s first woman filmmaker, 1995). sex workers to sell their services University Press, forthcoming in Lepage remains very active in the film legitimately; for wives to choose when 2002). community in Canada, especially to engage in intercourse, and whether to use contraceptives; for access to [Patrice Petro is Professor of Film Studies employment, housing, and medical and Director of the Center for care free from discrimination based on International Education at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Her latest book, Aftershocks of the New: Feminism and Film History, is forthcoming from Rutgers University Press.]

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WOMEN IN INDEPENDENT FILM AND VIDEO: A HISTORY

by Carole Gerster

Alexandra Juhasz, ed., WOMEN OF VISION: HISTORIES IN FEMINIST FILM AND VIDEO. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001. 343p. Pap., $19.95, ISBN 0-8166-3372-X.

WOMEN OF VISION: EIGHTEEN HISTORIES IN FEMINIST FILM AND VIDEO. 80 mins., color, VHS. 1999. Writer, prod., & dir.: Alexandra Juhasz. Cinema Guild, 130 Madison Ave., 2nd Flr., New York, NY 10016-7038; phone: (212) 685-6242; email: [email protected]; website: www.cinemaguild.com. Rental: $75.00. Sale: $300.00.

To Freud’s infamous question women are thinking about women. Margaret Caples does not choose to be “What do women want?” many Women working in independent film called a feminist because she has women filmmakers have been eager to and video outside of Hollywood are allegiances to “people of color, poor reply––although usually not with the unhampered by Hollywood’s conven- people, gays and lesbians, [and] the one-size-fits-all answer he seems to tional market appeal to male viewers physically challenged” as well as have desired. In one direct reply, and can avoid entrenched tropes of women (p.110). Cheryl Dunye Nancy Meyer’s film What Women masculinity and femininity. To learn defines her identity as fluid and plural, Want (2000), the male protagonist what a variety of these women (includ- often “a battle between race, class, and learns (from an accident that allows ing writers, directors, producers, sexuality” (p.294), and concludes that him to hear what women are thinking) distributors, and educators) say they “I am as much feminist as I am black that women want creative careers, that themselves want, Alexandra Juhasz’s as I am a tennis player as I am a dog they want to work with sensitive new book and its companion video are owner” (p.299). collaborators rather than sneaky important sources. The book includes competitors, and that penis envy Juhasz’s 1995–96 taped interviews Some of the women see them- belongs exclusively to men. With a (transcribed from the video) with selves as revisionary feminists. Carol story that fits well into the Hollywood eighteen independent women film- Leigh credits early feminism as her romantic comedy genre (often referred makers, plus three additional inter- greatest influence, but calls herself a to as “chick flicks” or “date movies”), views and an introduction, headnotes, “neo feminist” (p.207) and accordingly Meyer’s film is focused on what one and headings that place the ideas of often creates videos that expose man decides women want and is filled these women within the larger context feminism’s exclusion of prostitutes and with essentialist comedy: While of a “feminist media history” (p.ix). sex workers like herself (p.198). attempting to understand how to Others define the term for themselves. market his company’s products from a Juhasz’s book immediately and Based on her knowledge that early woman’s perspective, the hero (played continuously takes up the question of feminism “wasn’t very inclusive of by Mel Gibson) has great difficulty how to structure her interviews in a black women” and that black women’s applying makeup and putting on way that will record and respect history reveals that black women “were pantyhose, suggesting that such things women’s differing opinions. Thus, always feminists,” Yvonne Welbon says do come naturally to women. Meyer’s even as she claims that all the women that, although she does not use the film reveals both the commitment and she interviews create “feminist media,” term to describe herself, “in theory” the limitations of women working in Juhasz interrogates the idea that she is a feminist (p.271). Hollywood to bring women’s issues to feminism has been inclusive and Juhasz’s attempts to recognize the screen within green-light genres for records reasons why some of her feminism’s past inequities and move women such as the romantic comedy. interviewees do not identify as femi- The limitations of What Women nists. Juhasz notes, for example, that Want suggest that alternative sources are needed for information about what

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 23 Feminist Visions past them are evident when she defines Horsfield, and Constance Penley. Conversely, the book’s chronol- her term “feminist media” as “the “Part Two: Mothers, Lovers, and ogy organizes the interviews by the diverse work with or concerning film, Mentors” focuses on women whose interviewees’ dates of birth, from video, television, and digital produc- careers began contemporaneously with oldest to youngest. Juhasz explains tion made by those who critique the the women’s movement of the 1960s: that she chose these two organizational many inequitable power relations that Barbara Hammer, Michelle Citron, structures to allow readers to see for limit women” (p.1) and who believe Susan Mogul, Junita Mohammed, themselves “where age and political that “the media are a most powerful Vanalyne Green, and Victoria Vesna. generations merge or part” (p.34). By tool with which to effect the changes “Part Three: Reassembly Required” inviting readers to see beyond her–– that matter most” (p.3). Her inter- interviews women whose careers began and by extension any––organizational views also include a wide variety of in the 1980s and 90s: Carol Leigh, groupings of women, Juhasz encour- women: “young, middle age, and old; Frances Negron, Yvonne Welbon, ages us to understand the variety of straight, bisexual, and gay; white, Megan Cunningham, Eve Oishi, and ways, reasons, and ages that women Puerto Rican, black, Asian American, Valerie Soe. Juhasz includes herself in began working in feminist media. and biracial; leftist and centrist” (p.3– the latter group (p.38). Each individual interview in the book 4) from the well known to the un- known. Her aim is to document what she calls a “feminist media history” (p.ix) in order to preserve that history, to understand both continuities and oppositions among women within it, and to provide inspiration and promote conversations among diverse filmmakers. She invites, for example, older women to learn from younger ones and younger women to know the source of the ideas to which they react.

The video and book are not identical; one major difference is the way the interviews are organized. The book’s introduction calls attention to her different organizational strategies as consciously imposed structures that offer different perspectives, rather than as an invisible means to contain or limit responses. Juhasz says she arranged the video interviews to follow a loose chronology of the women’s movement (p.32). The video is thus divided by intertitles into three 30- to 40-minute segments. “Part One: Creating an Infrastructure” highlights women who came into their careers in the 1950s and 60s: Carole Schneemann, Pearl Bowser, Julie Reichert, Margaret Caples, Kate

Page 24 Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Feminist Visions

opens with a still photo from the fully claim this identity and voice for videos to take ownership of her own video, Juhasz’s introduction to the herself” (p.291). body (p.203) and “to try to person and her background, the Several women want to explore deconstruct [rather than dismiss or interview questions, the interviewee’s women’s bodies and women’s sexuality demonize] prostitution, sex work, and answers, and a list of her major to know themselves and to counteract our roles” (p.207). Leigh wants accomplishments in the field of film Hollywood depictions. Carolee feminism to include serious study of and video. Schneemann, who appears wearing prostitutes, and she wants more images horns in both the book and video, of fat women in the media. She We learn from the interviews films her own body because she wants presents her work and her body as that some women seek to recover, to explore her sexuality and hetero- possibilities of both (p.208). sometimes by recreating, the lost sexual pleasure and to “tear apart the history of women in film. Pearl projected superimpositions of male Women working in indepen- Bowser wants to recover and share mythologies that have been deforming dent film and video want to make and information about early African everything I know” (p.90). Her horns, see feminist films that are accessible to American filmmakers, including she says, are meant to show “that the a wide audience in order to bring relatively unknown women in film, phallic principle originally belongs to about social change. A number of the because she believes that knowing this the feminine” because “the original women interviewed share their past is essential in changing the future symbology of the bull…was an differing, and often changing, ideas of black representation. Bowser cites attribute of the Goddess” (p.74). about the relationship between film the example that “discussions about types, film language, and accessibility. black film history during the civil Barbara Hammer films the Documentary filmmaker Julia rights movement encouraged audiences female body as well as landscape Reichert, known for her films Growing to imagine themselves as filmmakers–– imagery to explore her lesbian sexuality Up Female and Union Maids, sees chroniclers of the history taking place and to create a lesbian film language herself as a “socialist feminist” (p.130). all around them” (p.55), and she “that comes alive to the body, to the Reichert wants to pass on “women’s especially invites black women to share sense of touch” (p.81). Juhasz’s and working-class history” (p.121) in their stories and “document our headnote remarks reveal that order to effect social change, and she culture” (p.57) through the powerful Hammer’s 1970 films were denounced uses the documentary as a readily medium of film. as “essentialist” when feminist theorists accessible means to do so. Cheryl Dunye’s first feature film, embraced the idea of “social construc- Other filmmakers distrust the The Watermelon Woman, is the tionism” and challenged anyone who standard documentary. Juhasz fictional story of a black lesbian actress suggested “that there are any biological explains their opposition: who worked in Hollywood and in race or other essential traits that make films (made by and for black audi- women different from men and that it The antirealist position questions ences) from the 1920s to the 1940s. is around these shared traits and whether a radical critique of Dunye attempts to recover lost history interests that women must unify.” patriarchy, or other dominant by documenting the life of a woman Juhasz also notes that both Hammer’s systems, can be expressed using who “could have existed” (p.291). films and feminist theories have the very structures, forms, or Juhasz’s headnote to her interview changed since then: Hammer now language that is used so effectively with Dunye describes the film in terms explicitly “investigates the construction to espouse the sexist ideologies that link Dunye’s motives to Bowser’s: of lesbian experience through culture, under attack. If your goal is to “The Watermelon Woman is actually a history, and language,” and feminists change a reality, can this be complex experimental narrative about revisit and learn from Hammer’s possible if you do not also image the relationship between missing “body-centered” films (p.78–80). reality differently? (p.138) precedence and contemporary iden- Carol Leigh, who appears naked in tity.” The main character, “played by both the book and the video as well as Dunye, wants to be a filmmaker” but in most of her own works, creates feels she needs to “know about the lives of her foremothers before she can

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 25 Feminist Visions

The problem with attempts to image Valerie Soe, Juanita Mohammed, the women profiled and film clips that reality differently through experimen- and Wendy Quinn stress the positive demonstrate both their ideas and their tal films and videos is accessibility. aspects of video. Soe uses video “to major accomplishments and contribu- Juhasz wonders, “if you are trying to counteract some of the incredible tions to filmmaking. In both cases, reach average women…will they be ignorance and stupidity that’s in the numerous film and video clips are interested in or capable of also mainstream film and television, the most valuable aspect of the unweaving a new form as they attempt especially when it comes to people of companion videos. to digest new content?” (p.138). color” (p.252). Mohammed uses Michelle Citron, best known for her camcorder video technology because Both Acker and Juhasz provide film Daughter Rite, believes this film “video provides power to get out general and section introductions, but helped make experimental filmmaking information” (p.217). Quinn, who a significant difference is that in her accessible to average viewers (p.142), works to exhibit and promote women’s book Acker quotes only periodically, yet now Citron advocates using “more videos, believes video is “more demo- generally providing all the information mainstream films, such as narrative cratic” than film and finds it an readers are to learn about her subjects features” to reach “wider audiences “increasingly important” means to in her own words. This is a sharp and therefore effect real change” enable people who have no other difference from the question-and- (p.139). Constance Penley, author, access “to tell their own stories” answer format in Juhasz’s book. journal editor, and educator, wants to (p.231). Victoria Vesna makes and Juhasz has self-consciously created a make feminism popular, to see promotes feminist projects on the postmodern book that goes to great “feminism as popular culture, popular Web; she wants to see women get lengths to disallow any one narrative–– culture as feminism.” Once a believer involved with digital technology now, any one voice, any one definition of in experimental filmmaking as the “while there’s a window” for women feminism, any one way to create “best source of strategies to subvert (p.245). feminist media history––to dominate. Hollywood” depictions of women, Juhasz’s book and video compare As a filmmaker, Juhasz self-reflexively Penley now believes that mass media well to and do not duplicate other discusses her own aims and beliefs as popular culture (including television book and video companions about only one voice among many, and, as a shows such as Roseanne and pornogra- women in film. For example, Ally feminist historian, she makes her phy) is where people get their ideas, Acker’s well-known book Reel Women: multiple frameworks both visible and and thus can get new ones (p.177). Pioneers of the Cinema 1896 to the open to opposition. Rather than give Present (1991) and companion videos dominance to either book or video, Many women endorse video— profile women in Hollywood and Juhasz makes each depend on the and some recommend computer international film, rather than inde- other to avoid a fragmented history technologies—as the best means to get pendent film and video, and are and to dismantle the idea that any one women involved in documenting their organized differently. Acker’s book text or organizing structure can own lives in ways that do not replicate places women in film under the contain what women have to say about traditional filmmaking inequities. categories of their filmmaking roles as themselves and what they want. Vanalyne Green finds video “cheap, directors, producers, writers, and easy to learn, and unencumbered by editors, as well as such categories as [Carole Gerster is Professor of English already threatening histories of male, women and the avant-garde, women of and Coordinator of the Film Studies hierarchical power and prestige” color, and even one-of-a-kind women Program at the University of Wisconsin– (p.154). For Green, however, the filmmakers. Acker’s accompanying River Falls. She is currently on leave choice is not without problems: video videos, including Directors on Direct- and teaching at the University of puts women into a “nontraditional art ing, Editors on Editing, and Screen- California–Santa Cruz.] form,” but “video is marginal” (p.160– writers on Screenwriting, organize 61). information in categories that match her book and, as does Juhasz’s video, contain both interviews with many of

Page 26 Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Women Map the World: The Making of a Database by Tilly Vriend

“What’s in it for me?” said a inviting all women’s information including cultural, political, and woman from Mali when I asked her to services to come to Amsterdam to educational data. register her organization for the participate in the conference, why We defined “women’s information Mapping the World database. Before I don’t we bring them all together in an services” to include international, had a chance to answer, a woman from inventory as well? Imagine the rich national, and local services, women’s Angola responded, “Everything! In source of women’s information this documentation and research centers that database you can find women’s would be!” connected to universities, gender- information on every subject, in every Reactions varied from “You must specific information sections con- country; you can contact colleagues be out of your mind!” and “That is nected to NGOs, and organizations around the world... And what’s more, impossible!” to “What a great idea— and resource centers in which women’s people will be able to find your how?” And so the project was born. information is collected in addition to organization!” The IIAV decided to create a information on other subjects. For Little did we know what the Web-based database, as well as a book, countries in which the development of impact would be when the IIAV that would contain information on such information is in its early stages, started to develop a database of women’s information services world- where democracy is newly established, women’s information services in 1997. wide and their collections. We aimed or where war has destabilized develop- This article offers an overview of to include at least one information ment, focal points for the distribution the history and development of center in every country and to present of women’s information are included. Mapping the World: A Database of the database at the Know- How Women’s Information Services Around Conference. We had not only to Worldwide Purpose the World, which is one of the data- collect all the information from the The Fourth World Conference on bases of the International Information women’s information centers around Women, held in Beijing in 1995, had Centre and Archives for the Women’s the world, but also to develop criteria identified the need for information Movement (Internationaal for inclusion, build a database, and specific to women and established that Informatiecentrum en Archief voor de create a questionnaire. Funds had to be gender-disaggregated data and statistics Vrouwenbeweging, or IIAV) in raised. And, last but not least, the data are required for effective policy Amsterdam, The Netherlands.1 would have to be processed. Neverthe- decisions. Every country that en- less, the database was operational in dorsed the Platform for Action had History less than a year. agreed, in doing so, to support, The idea for Mapping the World consult, and provide women-specific was first voiced in the summer of Criteria for Inclusion information. That had provided a 1997, during preparations for the Women have collected and context in which not only would 1998 Know-How Conference on the disseminated information for many women and women’s organizations World of Women’s Information.2 The years, but it is only in the twentieth profit from the Mapping the World organizing committee was discussing century that centers have been set up database, but policymakers, the aim of the conference (to improve for the specific purpose of collecting decisionmakers, the media, and general the accessibility and visibility of and documenting what has come to be information services would also be able women’s information) and the best known as women’s information, which ways to achieve it. Ansje Roepman,3 covers a wide spectrum of material, the IIAV Public Relations Manager at the time, exclaimed: “Since we are

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 27 to find information and services. The word filled our mailbox. The phone also contains essays on international intent of the project was stated as was buzzing constantly and the emails women’s information networks in follows: came in by the dozen. We raced Africa, Asia, and the Pacific and against the clock to enter as many women’s groups and networks in to provide ongoing, long-term centers as possible. Central and Eastern Europe and the access to women’s information Newly Independent States. centers in all countries and all Unveiling of the Database significant communities, including In August 1998, Mapping the Mapping into the Future indigenous communities and World: A Database of Women’s As this article goes to press, record migrant communities. The Information Services was presented to number 342 is being added to the database [will] contain informa- the participants of the Know-How Mapping the World database: The tion on a wide range of women’s Conference. It was a tremendous Centro Documentación y estudios de information services, including success. By then the database la mujer (Documentation Centre for details on the collections they contained information on 162 centers Women’s Studies) in Bilbao, Spain. hold. representing 78 countries, varying The database is by no means complete, from large national women’s libraries though, as the number of women’s Collecting the Data to small grassroots centers. For the information services in the world A questionnaire was sent to all first time in history it was possible to probably approaches 1000. The IIAV potential participants, together with a search by name, type of organization, is still putting in every effort to expand letter of invitation to the Know-How country, subject, and keyword (terms the database to include at least one Conference. Whenever possible we from the European Women’s center per country, and we will used email to contact the centers, but Thesaurus4) and to find details of continue to do so until all countries in many cases we had to use ordinary collections, availability of materials, are represented. mail, fax, or phone. From then on, it Website and postal addresses, activities Some parts of the world were well was a question of waiting in anticipa- of the centers, indexing and represented from the beginning—for tion and perseverance. We often classification systems, and services instance, Western Europe and the wondered if our idea was going to provided. United States. But in 1998, many work out as we had planned. It took But we also wanted to provide the countries in Africa, Asia, and South weeks before the first questionnaires information in book form, particularly America were still missing. In came in, and many of those lacked for those who did not have access to December 1998, UNESCO vital information. Sometimes there the Internet. We were therefore very acknowledged once again the vital role was no reaction at all. Finally, in the pleased when our colleagues of the of free access to (women’s) information last few months preceding the confer- Royal Tropical Institute proposed in peace processes in Africa. It ence, the forms started to arrive in working with us on a book. In May provided funds to expand the number quantity. It was a great time for stamp 1999 it was published.5 Not only is it of African women’s information collectors: letters from all over the a printed version of the database; it centers in the database, as a

Miriam Greenwald

Page 28 Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) contribution to African women in participants informed us of changes, electronic form at www.iiav.nl/ their struggle for peace and non- we want to be sure that all data are mapping-the-world. For more violence. The IIAV asked her African correct, especially since we are working information, send email to partners to participate in the effort. on a CD-ROM edition. At the same [email protected]. With the help of the electronic time, new applications of the database networks of GAIN (Gender in Africa are being researched in cooperation Notes Information Network) and ENDA- with our international partners. SYNFEV (Synergy Gender and Mapping the World plays a key role 1. The IIAV maintains a website Development, Environment and in the international activities of the (which includes the database) at Development of the Third World), IIAV. UNESCO recently asked us to www.iiav.nl women’s information services in Africa develop and publish a quick reference were persuaded to register for Mapping guide to the database for public 2. The Know-How Conference, hosted the World, and within four months, policymakers (with no library training) by the IIAV, took place in Amsterdam, twenty-five new African centers were working for gender equality. Among The Netherlands, in August 1998. It added. the target audience, Internet access was attended by 300 women’s In 1999, we focused on Central varies widely, and users of the database information specialists from 83 and Eastern Europe, and next in line in less developed countries may have countries. was Latin America. This time the slow or very costly Internet access. Latin American Information Agency Quick access to the database is 3. Sadly, Ansje Roepman, to whom I collected information on twenty-five important. dedicate this article, died of cancer in Latin American women’s information the spring of 1999. centers and sent the completed forms Conclusion to the IIAV for processing. Initially conceived as a tool for 4. Marianne Boere, ed., European One of our original criteria for networking and cooperation between Women’s Thesaurus: List of Controlled inclusion in the database was that women’s information specialists Terms for Indexing Information on the centers have a physical collection that worldwide, Mapping the World now Position of Women and Women’s Studies is available to the public. As women’s demonstrates the power and richness (Amsterdam: IIAV, 1998). information services are changing their of women’s collections round the policies concerning collecting and world. It is the fastest way to locate 5. Minke Valk, Henk van Dam, and disseminating information, virtual women’s libraries, archives, and Sarah Cummings, eds., Women’s libraries are coming into being, documentation centers anywhere in Information Services and Networks: A offering electronic collections and links the world and to find out how to use Global Sourcebook (Amsterdam: Royal to other Internet-based women’s the resources of those centers. Tropical Institute, 1999). information services. We decided to Mapping the World has indeed helped include virtual libraries and to make women’s information more [Tilly Vriend started working as an information centers provided that they accessible and visible. Each day, not information specialist at the Information have as a priority to increase access to only women’s information specialists and Documentation Center for the women’s information. but also policymakers, researchers, Women’s Movement (IDC) in 1982; the At the end of 2000, the IIAV’s women’s organizations, and the media Center later merged with other website itself was revised, offering discover the enormous potential of this organizations to become the IIAV. Since better search options. In 2001, we database and use it in their 1997 she has been involved in have been doing user research to find policymaking, planning, programs, developing the Mapping the World out whether the database still meets and publications. database, and she currently coordinates our goals. Although we mainly If your women’s information all of the IIAV’s other databases as well. received positive reactions, we revised service is not yet represented in She can be reached by email at the database web interface for clarity Mapping the World, we invite you to [email protected].] and usability. In addition, all join us, by simply filling in the information in Mapping the World is being reviewed for accuracy. Although

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 29 COMPUTER TALK

Remember that our website (http://www. library.wisc.edu/libraries/WomensStudies/) includes BLACK GRRRL REVOLUTION, INC.—“The electronic versions of all recent “Computer Talk” col- Problackgrrrl® Movement for Universal Freedom”—is a umns, plus many bibliographies, core lists of women’s company founded and directed by Brigette M. Moore, studies books, and links to hundreds of other websites by “through which she creates and produces her original topic. problackgrrrl-feminist programs, events, merchandise, and media promoting community and social respect for black girls and women, all girls and women of color and many WORLD WIDE WEBSITES languages.” The company has a website at: http:// www.blackgrrrlrevolution.com/ Moore also heads the Black Grrrl Revolution Foundation, Inc. (Web address: http:// ADVANCING WOMEN offers both a website and a free blackgrrrlrevolution.org), whose goal is “funding girls of e-zine devoted to business, career, and workplace issues for color, ages 15-20, who aim to revolutionize their lives women. Site includes news and feature articles, a career through art, activism, and self-empowerment”; hip-hop center linked to a searchable job database, a chat area, and a artist Jennifer “J-Love” Calderon is a member of the subscription form for the ‘zine. Find it all at: http:// foundation’s selection committee. www.advancingwomen.com (site was in redesign status as of 10/03/01). The BODY IMAGE PROJECT: BEAUTY AS A RELATIVE CONCEPT, by artist Larry Kirkwood, uses AKINA MAMA WA AFRIKA (AMwA) is “an interna- the art of cast-making to provide “a more honest and healthy tional non-governmental development organisation, working view of who we really are physically” and confront “preju- to enhance the leadership capacities of African women in dices such as sexism, racism, and ageism.” Kirkwood makes Europe and Africa.” The Swahili phrase means “solidarity casts directly from people’s bodies during his presentations. among African women.” The agency’s website can be found See photos of finished casts, as well as a project description at: http://www.akinamama.com and comments from participants, at: http:// www.kirkwoodstudios.com/index.html ARTWOMEN.ORG, “a combination magazine and interactive discussion session for feminists interested in art, The CAMPAIGN TO STOP GENDER APARTHEID visual culture, art history, criticism and artmaking,” was IN AFGHANISTAN is an effort supported by the Feminist recently launched by Mary Jo Aagerstoun and Mary Ross Majority Foundation to “restore the rights of Afghan Taylor. The site, which offers discussion forums, a gallery of women and girls, increase humanitarian aid for Afghan work by women artists, and reviews of exhibitions, grew out women and children, and make sure Afghan women play a of the founders’ online preparations for a roundtable session leadership role in rebuilding the country.” Find out more at at the National Women’s Studies Association’s 2000 the Foundation’s website: http://www.feminist.org/afghan/ conference. Web address: http://www.artwomen.org intro.asp

The ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN IN SCIENCE AND The website of the CANADIAN FEMINIST ALLIANCE EDUCATION (AWSE), based in Moscow, has as its aim FOR INTERNATIONAL ACTION (FAFIA) has “moral, practical and (as far as possible) financial support of announced “new and refreshed content.” For articles on women-working in the sphere of sciences, arts and educa- Beijing+5, violence against women, the Canadian tion.” Website in English and Russian: http:// government’s track record on advancing gender equality, mars.biophys.msu.ru/awse/default.htm and more—available in English and French—see http:// www.fafia.org/

The CENTER FOR THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN (CEW) at the University of Michigan was established in 1964 to help women further their educational and career

Page 30 Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Computer Talk

goals and to facilitate research about and advocacy for ment and enterprises, and promoting gender equality.” It women. CEW’s website offers free downloadable research also produces practice manuals on gender equality for trade reports, a calendar of events, and information about scholar- unions and is establishing an information base on equal ships, internships, and other resources: http:// employment opportunity policies and practices. www.umich.edu/~cew GENPROM’s home page: http://www.ilo.org/public/ english/employment/gems/index.htm DOCUMENTS FROM THE WOMEN’S LIBERA- TION MOVEMENT, from Duke University’s Special HERMAIL.NET is a free, email-based service that connects Collections Library, are on the Web as an online archival women travelers all over the world. Once a woman has collection. The documents “range from radical theoretical signed up (confidentially and without cost) through the writings to humourous plays to the minutes of an actual HERmail website, she can type in the name of a city she grassroots group,” and the focus is on the movement in the wants to visit and be put in touch (anonymously on the first U.S. in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Links to other contact) with one or two women in that location who are relevant sites are also provided. Web address: http:// willing to share information—and only after the initial scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/ contact do the parties decide whether to exchange email addresses with each other. The website also offers travel tips, EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN 100 MILLION highlights of a featured destination (currently China), and OF THE POOREST FAMILIES in the world through links to other, travel-related resources for women. Go to: small loans that help them set up their own microenterprises http://www.hermail.net/ is one of the core goals of the Microcredit Summit Cam- paign, which maintains a site in English, French, and LAWYERS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND LEGAL Spanish at: http://www.microcreditsummit.org/ AID (LHRLA) seeks to raise awareness of, and put an end to, trafficking in women and children in Pakistan. This Full-text articles from the journals FAMILY PLANNING project is described on the organization’s website at: http:// PERSPECTIVES and INTERNATIONAL FAMILY www.lhrla.sdnpk.org/traff_women.html PLANNING PERSPECTIVES (the most recent six or seven years) are available online on the Alan Guttmacher MEDIA REPORT TO WOMEN, the 16-page newsletter Institute’s website: http://www.agi-usa.org/journals/ “covering all the issues concerning women and media,” now has a presence on the Internet at FLAMETREE is a U.K.-based site devoted to women’s www.mediareporttowomen.com, with summaries of articles worklife issues. Current features address talking to employ- and industry statistics and links. ers about flexible work arrangements, overcoming fears about starting a business, and living with cancer. Find this MOTHERS’ VOICES UNITED TO END AIDS is all site at http://www.flametree.co.uk/ about helping one’s children protect themselves against HIV infection. This national organization’s website offers facts GENDER POLICY REVIEW is a free, monthly, online about HIV/AIDS and statistics about teenagers’ sexual journal “geared toward policy professionals and individuals behavior and their rates of infection, information about interested in gender and international, development and advocacy, and educational resources: http:// domestic politics.” The Review seeks to “provide a forum for www.mvoices.org discussions and news on current laws and policies that affect gender power relations as well as the position of women in NANCY DREW goes electronic! Girls, boys, and adults can their societies and globally.” Current and back issues are develop problem-solving skills by solving mysteries with the available at: http://www.genderpolicy.org/ legendary “girl detective,” in educational CD-ROM games published by HER Interactive (“for girls who aren’t afraid of GENPROM is the International Labour Organization’s a mouse”). Website: http://www.herinteractive.com/ Gender Promotion Programme — which works for “more and better jobs for women and men.” The program supports research on “innovative and effective policies and practices for enhancing opportunities for women in employ-

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 31 Computer Talk

The Republic of Slovenia has an OFFICE FOR EQUAL VIETNAM WOMEN’S FORUM (VWF) is a women- OPPORTUNITIES, which lists its purpose and activities, only (but not Vietnamese-only) discussion list that is meant as well as statistics and publications about women in to be “a virtual space for Vietnamese women to share our Slovenia, on its dual-language (Slovene and English) website: knowledge and concerns with each other across lines of http://www.uem-rs.si/ professions, interests, thoughts and national borders.” VWF has created a website to share information about the group’s The PROGRAM FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOL- goals and projects with a wider audience: http:// OGY IN HEALTH (PATH), with headquarters in Seattle www.geocities.com/vnwomensforum/ and sites in Washington, D.C., India, Indonesia, Kenya, Philippines, Mekong Region, Ukraine, and Vietnam, is “an VOICES FROM THE GAPS, based at the University of international non-profit organization whose mission is to Minnesota, is “dedicated to increasing the visibility of and improve health, especially the health of women and chil- information about North American women writers of color dren.” Address for PATH’s website: http://www.path.org/ whose voices fill in the ‘gaps’ of American literature.” The index.htm instructional website at http://voices.cla.umn.edu/ includes a database-in-progress of more than 500 writers. RESISTING HITLER: MILDRED HARNACK AND THE RED ORCHESTRA: Shareen Brysac’s book about The WOMEN IN AVIATION RESOURCE CENTER, the Wisconsin woman who worked for the German resis- with a site maintained by aviation historian Henry M. tance and was executed by personal order of Hitler is Holden, offers online discussion forums, links to employ- described on a website that also offers a teachers’ guide (for ment resources, the stories of dozens of famous and not-so- use with high-school students), the author’s suggestions for famous women aviators past and present, continually book discussion groups, and links to more information updated news in nine categories (including one for flight about Mildred Harnack and the Resistance. Go to: http:// attendant news stories, one on women’s rights, and one www.mildredharnack.com entirely about news involving Boeing), publications, and gift items. Check out this educational, entertaining, and link- The SWEDISH SECRETARIAT FOR GENDER laden site: http://www.women-in-aviation.com RESEARCH has expanded the English version of its website. News on gender research in Sweden, a calendar of THE WOMEN’S STUDIES CENTER in Santiago, English-language events, the English version of the journal Chile—known as “CEM,” the initials for its Spanish name Genus (Gender), and access to Swedish dissertations written (Centro de Estudios de la Mujer)—is “an independent, non- in English are included at: http://www.genus.gu.se profit organization founded in 1984 by women social scientists and economists concerned with gender issues.” The TIBETAN WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION commemo- The Center “conducts research, training, communication rates the women who died resisting the Chinese invasion and and consulting programs, concentrating on the fields of “focuses on cultural preservation by supporting the elderly, labor and employment, citizenship and political participa- children’s education, religious studies for women, improving tion, and public policy planning.” CEM’s website is women’s access to health care, child care and education, and available in Spanish and English: http://www.cem.cl/ the distribution of sponsorship money.” FRIENDS OF TIBETAN WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION (FOTWA), an educational organization, seeks to “aid Tibetans living in DOWNLOADABLE PAPERS exile and to expand worldwide awareness of the refugee AND REPORTS experience. FOTWA’s website includes pictures from “Children of Compassion: A Benefit Exhibition of Painting and Poetry by Tibetan Children” and other exhibitions: Ellen S. Kole, AFRICAN WOMEN SPEAK ON THE http://www.fotwa.org/ INTERNET. Research report prepared for WomenAction and APC-Africa-Women on “How WomenAction 2000’s Target Group Uses the Internet.” Available on the “Interna- tional Cooperation” page of the IIAV’s site: http:// www.iiav.nl/eng/ic/index.html

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Center for Development Information and Evaluation, Report No. 48 (Feb. 2000). 42p. Downloadable in PDF AFTERMATH: GENDER ISSUES IN POST-CON- format: http://nt1.ids.ac.uk/bridge/Reports/re48c.pdf FLICT SOCIETIES. USAID series, 2000. Studies of Cambodia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Rwanda, Georgia. THE HOFSTEDE COMMITTEE REPORT: JUVE- Downloadable in PDF files: http://www.ids.ac.uk/eldis/ NILE PROSTITUTION IN MINNESOTA. Minnesota aftermath.htm Attorney General’s Office. 33p. In HTML or PDF from http://www.ag.state.mn.us/office/Crime/hofstede.htm Paul Hewett and Sajeda Amin, ASSESSING THE IM- PACT OF GARMENT WORK ON QUALITY OF Margaret C. Harrell, INVISIBLE WOMEN: JUNIOR LIFE MEASURES. Bangladesh Institute of Development ENLISTED ARMY WIVES. 116p. Report on research Studies, Jan. 2000. In HTML format at: http://www.bids- performed under the auspices of RAND’s National Security bd.org/sajeda.htm Research Division; tells the personal stories of three different women. Downloadable as nine separate PDF files from Arnstein Aassve, ECONOMIC RESOURCES AND http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1223/ SINGLE MOTHERHOOD INCIDENCE AND RESO- LUTION OF PREMARITAL CHILDBEARING MEDIEVAL JEWISH WOMEN IN HISTORY, LIT- AMONG YOUNG AMERICAN WOMEN. Working ERATURE, LAW AND ART: A BIBLIOGRAPHY is Paper 2000-015 from the Max Planck Institute for Demo- available as Working Paper No. 7 (June 2000) from the graphic Research, December 2000. 32p. Downloadable in Hadassah Research Institute on Jewish Women at Brandeis PDF format from http://www.demogr.mpg.de/Papers/ University: http://www.brandeis.edu/hirjw/ Working/wp-2000-015.pdf publications.html

From the National Criminal Justice Reference Service: Reports on WELFARE REFORM IN WISCONSIN: FULL REPORT OF THE PREVALENCE, INCI- DENCE, AND CONSEQUENCES OF VIOLENCE • Robert Jacobson and Gary Green, WHO’S HIRING AGAINST WOMEN: FINDINGS FROM THE NA- WHOM FOR WHAT? A REPORT ON EMPLOY- TIONAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN SURVEY. ER PRACTICES AND PERCEPTIONS IN 2000. Available in ASCII or PDF as NCJ No. 183781: WISCONSIN. Wisconsin Council on Children and http://virlib.ncjrs.org/VictimsOfCrime.asp Families. 26p. Downloadable in PDF format from http://www.wccf.org/welfare.html (choose “Employer Charlotte Johnson-Welch, International Center for Research Demand for Former Welfare Recipients” from list of on Women, GENDER AND HOUSEHOLD FOOD topics) SECURITY: A LOST OPPORTUNITY. Presentation to the October 2000 International Food and Nutrition • Sammis White and Laura Geddes, ECONOMIC Conference. 26p. In PDF format at: http://www.wisc.edu/ LESSONS FOR WELFARE MOTHERS. Wisconsin ltc/live/basglo0010a.pdf Policy Research Institute Report v.14, n.1 (Feb. 2001). 34p. Downloadable in PDF format from http:// GENDER, HIV AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A TRAIN- www.wpri.org/Reports/reports.html#Vol14 ING MANUAL is available in PDF files from UNIFEM (the United Nations Development Fund for Women) in • Department of Workforce Development, AN English, French, and Spanish: http://www.unifem.undp.org/ EVALUATION: WISCONSIN WORKS (W-2) public/hivtraining/ Also from UNIFEM in the same three PROGRAM. Wisconsin Legislative Audit Bureau. languages: PROGRESS OF THE WORLD’S WOMEN 221p. See summary and/or download full report in 2000: A NEW BIENNIAL REPORT: http:// PDF format from http://www.legis.state.wi.us/lab/ www.unifem.undp.org/progressww/ reports/01-7tear.htm

Patricia Alexander and Sally Baden, GLOSSARY ON MACROECONOMICS FROM A GENDER PERSPEC- TIVE. Briefings on Gender and Development (BRIDGE),

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Tahseen Jafry, WOMEN, HUMAN CAPITAL AND BOL is a moderated list focused on human rights and LIVELIHOODS: AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE. women’s studies in South Asia. To subscribe, send the Overseas Development Institute. Natural Resource message subscribe bol to [email protected] Perspectives n.54 (Apr. 2000). 4p. In PDF format at http:/ /www.odi.org.uk/nrp/54.pdf GENDER, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GATEWAY ANNOUNCEMENT LIST: Hosted and WOMEN’S RIGHTS TO LAND, HOUSING AND maintained by Women in Global Science and Technology PROPERTY IN POST-CONFLICT SITUATIONS for the United Nations Commission on Science and AND DURING RECONSTRUCTION: A GLOBAL Technology for Development. “The Gateway is a OVERVIEW. Land Management Series No. 9 (Nairobi, clearinghouse of resources, information, activities and Kenya: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements, partners in gender, science and technology for develop- 1999). “Unedited version: the text has not been officially ment.” Solely for announcements of new Gateway links and edited by the UN.” Available in Word or PDF format: resources; not a discussion list. To subscribe, send a message http://www.unchs.org/tenure/Publication/Womrights/ to [email protected] with subscribe in pub_1.htm the subject line. For information, write to [email protected]

SHAMS is a forum for discussion of issues related to EMAIL LISTS women’s rights in Islam. To subscribe, send the message subscribe shams to [email protected] (Below is a very small sampling of new email discussion lists, just some that have come to our attention recently. For a much The WOMEN_SRI_LANKA list is open to everyone more complete listing, try Joan Korenman’s Web page at: http:// interested in discussing woman- or gender-related topics. www.umbc.edu/wmst/forums.html) To subscribe, send an email message to women_sri_lanka- [email protected] AFR-FEM is an “Internet working group” originally convened in conjunction with the 1998 African Women and Economic Development Conference in Ethiopia and OTHER now maintained as a permanent reference for conference participants and others. For information, send the message The INTERNET WORKFORCE COMPENSATION info afr-fem to [email protected] To subscribe, STUDY 2000, a survey conducted by The Standard, found send the message subscribe afr-fem to that even in the Internet working world, women still earn [email protected] less than men. Laura Carr reports in “Still a Man’s World?” at http://www.thestandard.com/article/ AWSS-L, the monitored discussion list of the Association 0,1902,21033,00.html for Women in Slavic Studies, is now open to all interested academics. To subscribe, send a message with no subject line to: [email protected] In the body of the message, type subscribe awss-l Firstname Lastname. For more  compiled by JoAnne Lehman, information about the list or membership in the association, with thanks to the compilers at Women in Development visit http://www.psa.ac.uk/graduate/News_Events/awss.htm and others who keep us apprised of new electronic resources

Page 34 Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) NEW REFERENCE WORKS IN WOMEN’S STUDIES

Reviewed by Phyllis Holman Weisbard, with contributions by Eliana Berg and Karen Rosneck

FRICAN MERICAN A A conditions; work/careers/achievement; section aren’t this technical. WOMEN writers (about the writers; no fiction or Patricia Hill Collins’ 1998 book poetry works themselves are cited); and on social injustice toward African Veronica G. Thomas, Kisha reference works. Lacking is a section, or American women and other oppressed Braithwaite, & Paula Mitchell, AFRI- attention within the existing sections, groups is listed as Contradictions of Mo- CAN AMERICAN WOMEN: AN to biographical works on individual dernity. Although that is the name of ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. African American women, and the ex- the series in which it appeared, the ac- Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2001. cellent biographical dictionary Notable tual title of her work is Fighting Words: 219p. (Bibliographies and indexes in Black American Women, Books I and II, Black Women and the Search for Justice. Afro-American and African Studies, edited by Jessie Carney Smith (Gale, Thomas, Braithwaite, and Mitchell say no.42). index. $69.50, ISBN 0-313- 1992, 1996) is not mentioned in the of the book, “The author argues that 31263-X. reference section. because African American women and The authors tried to write jargon- other historically oppressed groups seek A professor of human development free annotations conveying the focus of economic and social justice, the social at Howard University (Thomas) col- the works so that general readers would theories focusing on these populations laborated with two doctoral students in not be put off. They do this quite well. must emphasize themes different from counseling on this volume, which is For example, in annotating “Knowl- those of mainstream American society” designed to make it easier for research- edge and Resistance: Black Women (p.147). Much of the material de- ers to locate and synthesize scholarly Talk About Racism in the Netherlands scribed in African American Women: work about African American women. the USA,” they get to the nugget of the An Annotated Bibliography helps to illu- The material covered was published article with this statement: “Percep- minate those differences, and having between 1975 and 1999 in scholarly tions of racism based on a paternalistic the citations gathered in one place will journals and academic, popular, and model of race relations in the Nether- ease the way for all interested readers. feminist press books. Articles from lands are compared with perceptions women’s studies journals are well repre- based on a conflict model of race rela- sented, along with many published in tions in the United States” (p.151). CHRONOLOGY Black studies publications and else- Avoiding specialized terminology is where. Excluded are occasional papers, much harder in summarizing medical Linda Miles Coppens, WHAT conference proceedings, magazine ar- literature. The annotation for “Man- AMERICAN WOMEN DID, 1789– ticles, audiovisuals, dissertations, un- agement of Intraepithelilal [sic (should 1920: A YEAR-BY-YEAR REFER- published items, and websites. (The read Intraepithelial)] Neoplasia of the ENCE. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, authors say they have excluded “mono- Uterine Cervix of the Black Popula- 2001. 259p. illus., bibl., index. graphs,” too, but they must be using a tion” reads in part, “Black patients $38.50, ISBN 0-7864-0899-5. restricted definition, since they include who had a histological diagnosis of dys- numerous single-authored books.) plasia or carcinoma in situ of the cervix A few years ago there was a spate The book is divided into nine were chosen...” (p.99); but medical ter- of chronologies and timelines of topical areas: education; feminist minology is difficult to render in every- women’s history, many of which at- thought/womanist perspectives; inti- day words without losing precision, macy/relationships/motherhood; and most of the articles in the health health, religion/spirituality/womanist theology; social/historical/economic

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tempted to span all of recorded history. women’s experiences throughout his- Coppens devotes the education (Among them are Chronology of tory. and scholarship section for 1903 to the Women’s History, by Kirstin Olsen These books all have their place. inferior education provided by (1994), and Women’s World: A Franck and Brownstone pack in the women’s colleges in the South at that Timeline of Women in History, by Irene most one- to two-line facts. Olsen pro- time compared to their Northern sis- M. Franck and David M. Brownstone vides the month and sometimes the day ters, as background for the founding of (1995).) It’s impossible to achieve of happenings. Weatherford offers a the Southern Association of College much analysis with such breadth, and paragraph for most of her selections. Women that year by Statesville Female even those works solely on American Coppens provides more depth and does College alumna Elizabeth Avery history, such as Doris Weatherford’s not shy away from describing anti- Colton. Colton and her organization Milestones: A Chronology of American feminist activity. Sometimes the same campaigned for improvement in the Women’s History (1997), have quite a topic appears in several of the books; academic standards of the colleges. As sweep to cover. Coppens focuses on a more often the material occurs with the other topics, Coppens is the shorter time span within American his- uniquely in one. only one to mention the Association, tory, which allows her the space for A single year as presented by let alone set a context for its creation. more analysis. She has also created a Coppens illustrates the strengths of her Under “arts” for 1903, Coppens more valuable reference resource than book. For the year 1903, in the “do- devotes two paragraphs to Isabella the others, because, unlike all the other mesticity” section, Coppens discourses Stuart Gardner and the museum she chronological works, hers is footnoted. on female wage earning. Investigative built to house her collections. Olsen The others include many interesting journalism published that year dis- also includes the opening of the mu- tidbits, but leave librarians somewhat closed discrepancies in pay rates for seum on January 1st. Both Coppens uneasy relying on them, since there’s women and men—and approved of and Weatherford give a paragraph to no trail back to an original source for them! Journalist Bessie Van Vorst, she the writing of The Land of Little Rain, the facts presented. reports, took undercover jobs as a fac- Mary Austin’s first book. In format, Coppens is similar to tory worker to get her story. When her All four chronologies cite the ma- Olsen and Franck/Brownstone; all sub- report appeared as a book, it caught the jor activist event that year: the found- divide the years into broad subject cat- attention and approval of President ing of the Women’s Trade Union egories. Here again, Coppens’ catego- Theodore Roosevelt, who wrote to Van League. In her paragraph on the ries strike me as truer to the spheres Vorst that women must “recognize that WTUL, Olsen gives readers the most most available to women during her the greatest thing for any woman is to names (five) associated with the organi- time period than those Olsen and be a good wife and mother.” This story zation; Weatherford lists many of the Franck/Brownstone selected. Coppens is not cited in any of the other chro- unions involved (glove, cap, hat, shoe- uses domesticity, work, arts, education nologies. Under “religion,” Coppens makers, waitresses, retail clerks, train and scholarship, religion, law and poli- also chooses an anti-feminist example: ticket agents, and typographers), and tics, and “joining forces,” her term for Margaret Seebach argued emphatically Franck and Brownstone uniquely in- organizational activism. In comparison, that women should not be preachers, clude Jane Addams (the League’s first in addition to categories roughly paral- in “Shall Women Preach?” in the vice-president) and the group’s motto: leling these, with “general status and Lutheran Quarterly, primarily because, “The Eight-Hour Day; a Living Wage; daily life” for Coppens’ “domesticity,” she claimed, women have lesser reason- to Guard the Home.” Coppens looks Olsen has performing arts and enter- ing ability. Again, there’s no mention ahead by summarizing the accomplish- taining, athletics and exploration, busi- of this article in the other books. The ments of the WTUL’s first ten years ness and industry, science and medi- hiring of Gertrude Battles Lane as but also alludes to the split in leader- cine—and manages to find facts to fill household editor of the Woman’s Home ship between unionists who favored them, even though, on the whole, these Companion is what Coppens highlights organizing to improve workers’ condi- are all areas less connected to most under “work.” Weatherford mentions tions and others who sought to develop her in an entry for 1898 concerning programs for workers’ education and the magazine, but she is absent from social uplift. She also mentions that the other two books. year’s developments in the National American Woman Suffrage Associa- tion.

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Because of the unique offerings, ernmental agricultural departments, nance, and all other branches of the libraries can stand to have several two places hospitable to women long discipline. women’s history chronologies on hand. before classical economics departments The editors assiduously sought out At the very least, acquire one of the all- opened their doors. information about women from out- history titles, add Milestones if you are The editors decided to restrict the side the United States, and succeeded in the United States, and snap up What entries to retired economists or women so well that they might rightly have American Women Did, 1789–1920, for no longer living, but point out in their called their book An International Bio- its comparative depth and citation of introduction that there is a “relatively graphical Dictionary. An index by sources. large generation of women economists country of origin and/or countries of currently active in the profession” residence as an economist would have (p.xvi.) Some of them are contributors made this even more apparent, but ECONOMISTS to the Biographical Dictionary. Only among those included are Olga thirty-one identifiable women were Nikolajevna Bondareva of Russia, Robert W. Dimand, Mary Ann listed in Who’s Who in Economics Huguette Biaujeaud of France, Krishna Dimand, & Evelyn L. Forget, eds., A (1986) out of 1,275 entries (“identifi- Bharadwaj of India, Karin Kock of BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY able” because in the absence of addi- Sweden, and Koko (Takako) Sanpei of OF WOMEN ECONOMISTS. tional information it is difficult to de- Japan. The United States, the United Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, termine whether a name like “Jean” is Kingdom, and other nations provided 2000. 491p. $150.00, ISBN 1-85278- the English female name or male havens for emigrés fleeing Germany 964-6. French one, etc.). Those thirty-one are and Austria, including Käthe Bauer- listed on page 250 of the Biographical Mengelberg, Ilse Schüller Mintz, “It’s the economy, stupid,” may be Dictionary, following the entry for Frieda Wunderlich, and Hilde what politicians use to rouse voters, but Anna Koutsoyiannis, one of them. Behrend. Cora Berliner administered it’s the economists who do the real Finding more women economists to the economic and sociopolitical depart- analysis of economic forces. Although study might have been a daunting task, ment of a major German Jewish orga- it’s male economists who dominate the had not several bibliographical articles nization and refused opportunities to discipline, including having been appeared recently, compiled by editor leave Germany while people still awarded all the Nobel prizes in eco- Robert Dimand himself and others. needed her there. She perished in the nomics to date, this biographical dic- The introduction offers some in- Holocaust. Natalie Moszkowska, born tionary illuminates the careers and con- teresting findings about women econo- in Poland, emigrated to Switzerland in tributions to the field of some 120 mists. While the editors mention first 1923. The women whose names are women. While there are now numer- the diversity in topics studied by best known to non-economists are Pol- ous biographical reference works to women economists, I was struck more ish Communist leader Rosa Luxem- choose from on women writers, artists, by their statement that women econo- burg, American social reformer Flo- physicians, and scientists, this is the mists did (and still do??) pay far more rence Kelley, prolific British political first devoted solely to women econo- attention, proportionately, to women’s economist Harriet Martineau, and mists. Such a book is long overdue. issues, such as stressing the value of American writer Charlotte Perkins A groundbreaking work like this household production, analyzing Gilman. Some, including Harriet faces several problems. First, the editors women’s work both in the home and Hardy Taylor Mill, Elizabeth Boody (all academic economists, past or in the labor force, factoring in the im- Schumpeter, and Rose Director Fried- present) had to decide how to define portance of women’s reproductive role, man, have had more illustrious econo- the discipline. They wisely decided on and attending to gender pay differen- mist husbands (respectively John an expansive definition, going beyond tials and to the economics of racial and Stuart, Joseph, and Milton; Harriet the theoretical work that constitutes gender discrimination. Women also was also the daughter of Thomas the field today and opting to include have contributed to the history of eco- Hardy), but were economists in their people whose work would have been nomics, Marxian macroeconomics, in- considered economics at the time they ternational trade theory, public fi- wrote. Also included are women who worked in home economics and gov-

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own right, major influences on their health, spirituality, science, education, liographies offer plentiful suggestions husbands, or outright collaborators politics, economics, and history. Each for further research. (Friedman). handsome volume, graced with the The international focus of this The entries vary quite a bit in portrait of a woman of a different race, Routledge encyclopedia is substantial; length. Krishna Bharadwaj wrote her age, or ethnicity, records the diversity the work features writing by authors own (ten pages); Rosa Luxemburg’s is a of knowledge about women at the cur- from seventy countries. Many of the full nineteen. The shortest run two rent life stage of feminism. articles incorporate specific examples or pages. Each biography reviews signifi- In compiling this extensive ency- case studies that explore topics from a cant biographical facts and situates the clopedia, the general editors, Cheris regional perspective. Entries for indi- woman’s work in the field of econom- Kramarae (University of Oregon) and vidual countries are largely excluded, ics. Listings of works by and about the Dale Spender (University of however; instead, the encyclopedia pre- biographee conclude the articles. Queensland) utilized the expertise of a sents numerous articles that survey The editors say they’ve written the staff of more than a thousand. As femi- broad regions of the world. volume primarily for fellow economists nists, the editors and authors reject the While browsing through the vol- whom they hope to entice into con- claims of unbiased objectivity advanced umes, I quickly identified topics of in- ducting further such recovery work, by most traditional encyclopedias. In- terest to me. One article included in- but whether or not that goal succeeds, stead, these volumes combat women’s formation on Slavic women writers, a they’ve taken a giant step in restoring historical exclusion from the worldwide focus of recent research but rarely in- the contributions of women to eco- cultural dialogue by documenting and cluded in general women’s studies ref- nomics. The book should be an inspi- preserving knowledge about women. erence works. Another simply and co- ration to women who are drawn to the Originating among a group of aca- gently compared the ideas of a variety study of market forces, globalization, demics and activists at the University of contemporary literary theorists. Both etc., and who wonder if there is a place of Oregon in 1990, the encyclopedia’s presented concise surveys of complex for women in the discipline. final form resulted from the changing topics without sacrificing detail. needs of writers and publishers and a The Routledge International Ency- continuous process of updating. The clopedia of Women offers greater ENCYCLOPEDIAS decision to limit the work to four vol- breadth and scope than several other umes prompted the restriction of en- recently published works. Providing a Cheris Kramarae & Dale Spender, gen. tries to English but also the exclusion greater international focus than the eds., ROUTLEDGE INTERNA- of separate biographies. Instead, the Women’s Studies Encyclopedia (edited by TIONAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF authors endeavored to weave bio- Helen Tierney) and the Reader’s Guide WOMEN: GLOBAL WOMEN’S graphical information throughout ar- to Women (edited by Eleanor Amico), ISSUES AND KNOWLEDGE. ticles that focused on ideas and actions. the Routledge volumes offer almost New York: Routledge, 2000. 1800 p. In offering general introductions twice the number of articles than the 4vols. $695.00, ISBN 0415920884. to topics, the authors present informa- former, but without the latter’s sub- Incorporating a greater interna- tion in an informal, accessible style. stantial independent biographies. Indis- tional focus than perhaps any other Younger feminists, scholars in new pensable for advanced high school stu- general women’s studies reference fields, and librarians served as invalu- dents, college students, scholars, profes- work, this impressive encyclopedia ex- able resources, contributing articles on sionals, activists, and general readers, plores three decades of knowledge recent research and trends in subjects these volumes represent an invaluable about women and feminism. Packed areas including cyberculture, technol- resource for exploring the growing uni- with information, these four hefty vol- ogy, lesbian studies, sexuality, black verse of knowledge about women and umes present over 900 articles on a feminist aesthetics, queer theory, girl feminism. wide variety of subjects including the studies, and postcolonialism. An al- arts, environment, community, family, phabetical and topical list of articles [Karen Rosneck, who contributed the and a large general index provide abun- above review, is a writer and translator dant access to topics, and generous bib- in the field of Slavic literature and also works as an acquisitions assistant at the University of Wisconsin’s Memorial Li- brary.]

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ENTREPENEURS agriculture, mining, communications, Notes construction, manufacturing, service Jeannette M. Oppedisano, HISTORI- (both for-profit and not-for-profit), 1. House Small Business Committee, CAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF transportation, and wholesale and retail Press Release (Washington, D.C.: Feb. AMERICAN WOMEN ENTRE- trade (pp.xi–xii). 11, 1999), http://www.house.gov/ PRENEURS: 1776 TO THE But why African American news- smbiz/press/106th/1999/990211.htm PRESENT. Westport, CT: Green- paper founder Maggie Walker and not wood, 2000. 283p. photos. bibl. index. Madame C.J. Walker, the millionaire 2. J. McClain, “Women-Owned Firms $79.50, ISBN 0-313-30647-8. African American hair preparations Grow,” Times Union (Apr. 12, 1995), magnate? Where’s Ruth Handler, co- p.C16. According to governmental re- founder of Mattel Toy Company and ports, women-owned businesses consti- “mother” of Barbie, in all likelihood tute the fastest-growing segment of the the most successful doll of all time? FEMINISM U.S. economy. “Women entrepreneurs The author could very well have justifi- are starting new firms at twice the rate able reasons—it’s just that she doesn’t Jennifer A. Hurley, FEMINISM: OP- of all other business and own nearly 40 let us in on them. Given Oppedisano’s POSING VIEWPOINTS. San Di- percent of all firms in the U.S.,” re- broad view of entrepreneurship, it ego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 2001. ported the House Small Business Com- should not be surprising to find social (Opposing viewpoints.) index. $18.70, mittee.1 Author Oppedisano quotes a activist Jane Addams and physician ISBN 0-7377-0507-8. source that puts an additional spin on Elizabeth Blackwell in the volume, and the contribution of businesses owned yet it is, I suppose because “entrepre- Do you think feminism is debat- by women: “Women now hire more neur” seems more associated with busi- able? Are you teaching high-schoolers workers in the United States than For- ness than with social service or medi- or others for whom stark contrast tune 500 companies do globally” cine. At any rate, Addams’ and sparks interest in ways that nuanced (p.xi.).2 Yet, says Oppedisano, the Blackwell’s lives are quite worthy of material can’t? Then you might want value of women entrepreneurs emulation, and if girls and boys learn to try Feminism: Opposing Viewpoints. throughout American history has been about them here, who should quibble? Even if the concept that feminism given short shrift, something she set Also in the volume are Debbi could be up for grabs is abhorrent to out to rectify. Her intent was also to Fields (Mrs. Fields Cookies), choreog- you, this book is a convenient way to provide role models for today’s girls rapher and dance troupe leader Martha find excerpts from critics of feminist (and boys)—a purpose closely allied Graham; television personality and tenets, including Christina Hoff with her work as director of Camp CEO of her own production company Sommers (“Women are Not the Vic- Start-Up, an entrepreneurship program Linda Ellerbee, Girls Scouts of the U.S. tims of Sexism”), Elizabeth Fox- held at Skidmore College for teen founder Juliette Low, beauty products Genovese (“Claims That Women Face women. head Elizabeth Arden (born Florence Discrimination in the Workplace Are Although she does indeed include Graham), Stinson Aviation’s mother- Exaggerated”) and Karen Lehrman many inspiring stories, it would have daughters dynamos Emma, Katherine, (“Women are Not Harmed by Society been more satisfying if Oppedisano had and Marjorie Stinson, and religious Standards”), paired with texts by de- provided some information on how she leaders Mary Baker Eddy, Ann Lee, fenders. selected the entrepreneurs. All we know and Aimee McPherson. Each biogra- The chapters are organized around is that she used a wide definition of phy runs from two to four pages and is central questions: “What is the Status entrepreneurs—“agents of change who accompanied by a listing of sources of Women in America?” “How Has take substantial risks...to initiate and that include books, articles, and Feminism Affected Society?” “Is Femi- develop an organizational entity and to websites. nism Obsolete?” and “What Should participate in those endeavors even the Goals of Feminism Be?” This last though there is no certainty of generat- ing personal income” (p.xi)—and planned to represent the categories of

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chapter covers abortion, pornography, Sexual Norms Should Society Up- Stars. “Wampas” or, alternatively ren- the need for an Equal Rights Amend- hold?” “How are Gender and Sexual dered, WAMPAS is the acronym for ment to the U.S. Constitution, and the Orientation Determined?” “What Western Associated Motion Picture issue of whether American feminists Constitutes Normal Sexual Behavior?” Advertisers, itself founded just a few should be active in seeking rights for “How is Society’s View of Human years earlier, in 1920, by professional women in other countries. In addition Sexuality Changing?”), Male/Female publicists in the film industry. Initially to the point/counterpoint pairings, Roles (“How Are Gender Roles Estab- wanting mainly to heighten the visibil- each chapter has a bibliography of ad- lished?” “Have Women’s Roles ity of their organization, these promot- ditional articles on the topic and a list Changed for the Better?” “Have Men’s ers came up with the idea of selecting of suggested questions for discussion. Roles Changed for the Better?” “What and showing off thirteen young women This volume is part of a large series Will Improve Male/Female Relation- with “potential star power.” They were on societal issues, all set up in the same ships? “), Pornography (“Is Pornography dubbed “baby stars” in the sense of format. Since these books and others Harmful?” “Should Pornography Be “junior.” As the idea caught on, like them are the way issue-oriented Censored?” “Should Pornography on “Wampas Baby Star” became a coveted information trickles down to schools, the Internet Be Regulated?” “What designation and publicity vehicle for academics concerned with women’s Should Be the Feminist Stance on Por- the actresses. Unlike recipients of the issues ought to take a look at them. nography?”), Teenage Pregnancy (“Is later Oscars, most baby stars had yet to Other related titles and their questions Teenage Pregnancy a Serious Prob- make their mark in films, and the ma- (according to the Greenhaven Press lem?” “What Factors Contribute to jority never achieved greatness. website) are Abortion (“Is Abortion Im- Teenage Pregnancy?” “How Can Teen- In the introduction, Roy Liebman moral?” “Should Abortion Rights Be age Pregnancy Be Prevented?” “What outlines the rise of the awards through- Restricted?” “ Can Abortion Be Justi- New Initiatives Would Reduce Teen out the twenties and their hard times fied?” “Is Abortion Safe for Women?” Pregnancy?”), and Working Women and eventual demise during the De- “Is Research Using Aborted Fetal Tis- (“What Are the Effects of Women’s pression years. He next provides year- sue Ethical?”), Domestic Violence (“Is Increased Participation in the by-year rosters of the baby stars, ac- Domestic Violence a Serious Prob- Workforce?” “How Serious is Dis- companied by group photographs from lem?” “What Factors Contribute to crimination Against Female Workers?” 1928 and 1932. According to Domestic Violence?” “Are Legal Rem- “How Serious a Problem is Sexual Ha- Liebman (identified as a librarian and edies Against Domestic Violence Just rassment in the Workplace?” “Should author of two other reference works of and Effective?” “How Can Society Women Serve in the Military?”) film biography), the first year’s “ba- Help Victims of Domestic Violence?”), bies” were older, more experienced ac- Eating Disorders (“How Serious Is the tresses than those chosen in subsequent Problem of Eating Disorders?” “Who FILM BIOGRAPHIES years, and all but one had successful Is at Risk of Eating Disorders?” “What careers. Colleen Moore, Bessie Love, Causes Eating Disorders?” “How Roy Liebman, THE WAMPAS and Lois Wilson were three of them. Should Eating Disorders Be Treated?” BABY STARS: A BIOGRAPHICAL Some of the best-known names that “How Can Eating Disorders Be Pre- DICTIONARY, 1922–1934. appeared on the rosters over the years vented?”), Homosexuality (“What Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2000. were Mary Astor, Fay Wray (King Causes Homosexuality?” “Do Homo- illus. index. $45.00, ISBN 0-7864- Kong’s original love), Dolores Del Rio, sexuals Face Serious Discrimination?” 0756-5. Janet Gaynor, and Joan Crawford, all “Should Society Encourage Increased in 1926; Sally Rand (1927); Jean Acceptance of Homosexuality?” Before there were Oscars doled out Arthur and Loretta Young (1929); “Should Society Sanction Gay and Les- by the Motion Picture Association Joan Blondell (1931); and Ginger bian Families?”), Human Sexuality (which was organized in 1927), and Rogers and Gloria (Rose of Titanic) (“What Is the Purpose of Sex?” “What continuing for awhile thereafter, some Stuart (1932). promising young actresses each year The bulk of the book consists of hoped to be selected as Wampas Baby biographies of the more than 140 women. For each, Liebman provides a filmography and information focusing

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on their film careers, with comments groundbreaking publication because As the editors note, “the women about their marriage(s) and subsequent some of these women have received no featured in this volume are merely the lives. Appendices include biographies previous scholarly treatment. tip of the iceberg” (p.xi). I was de- of Baby Star drop-outs, miscellaneous The women were selected for in- lighted to read about Chiquinha facts about the stars (who had the most clusion by their common struggle Gonzaga, a very important but almost children, which wrote autobiographies, against discrimination and because unknown Brazilian composer, and Mãe which were nominated for or won “[they] have challenged the status quo, Menininha do Gantois, a revered Bra- Academy Awards, etc.), information have given voice to others, have fought zilian spiritual leader whom I have about winners of rival awards (e.g., for human dignity, and have never seen noted anywhere else. It was “Fox Debutantes”), and a listing of reconfigured the social imaginary” another pleasant surprise to find Wampas presidents. (p.ix). The entries provide information Mercedes Sosa and Patria, Minerva, In Liebman’s “Sources” section, it about family and background, educa- and María Teresa Mirabal among these becomes clearer why the biographies tion, influences faced and overcome, women. But I sadly missed some no- are often sketchy. He used contempo- and achievements. Many of the listings tables who were conspicuous in their raneous newspaper accounts and fan include photographs that give an extra absence: Griselda Gambaro, Nélida magazines, film journals, and both con- dimension to the text. Piñon, Luisa Valenzuela, and Edla Van temporaneous and subsequent bio- The editors tried to present entries Steen, to name a few. graphical books. Research pickings are of about equal length, each followed by All in all, Notable Twentieth-Cen- slim for women who dropped from references for further reading. The no- tury Latin American Women is a strong sight not long after their Wampas des- tations were written by different col- testimony to the contributions that ignation. Perhaps he will hear from laborators who appear in alphabetical seventy-two of the most remarkable families of the Baby Stars now that the order at the end of the book. Because women have made to their chosen field book is out and will be able to incorpo- these contributors come from different and society. The mixture of different rate in a second edition more about the fields and possess various levels of backgrounds and experiences makes for lives of those who did not make it in qualification, the quality of the entries an indispensable work if one wants to Hollywood. varies widely. Readers should be wary know about Latin American women of misinformation in the literary analy- who have advanced their cause during ses presented in some of the biogra- the twentieth century. Because of the LATIN AMERICAN WOMEN phies. A few of the biographies, espe- wide extent of sources and indexes pro- cially of the political and ideological vided, this book will be very useful for Cynthia Margarita Tompkins & David activists, may also be deemed a bit too both scholars and students in need of William Foster, eds., NOTABLE partisan by readers. information about preeminent women TWENTIETH-CENTURY LATIN Arrangement of biographies is al- from Latin America. AMERICAN WOMEN: A BIO- phabetical by last name. After the en- GRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. tries, Appendix A presents the women [Eliana Berg, who wrote the above re- Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, by fields of endeavor (from actress to view, teaches in the Department of Span- 2001. 352p. index. $59.95, ISBN 0- translator), and Appendix B divides the ish and Portuguese and the Center for 313-31112-9. notables by country of origin. The edi- Women’s Studies at the University of tors also give a brief bibliography of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.] How satisfying to open a book books about Latin America in general about notable Latin American women and women’s fields of work in particu- and to be immersed in excellent—for lar. Jane Jaquette provides a good in- the most part—biographical notations troduction to women in Latin America, about women who deserve to be highlighting women’s achievements in noted— some very well known and education, politics and culture (p.xiii- some happily discovered in this vol- xxiii). ume. The work recovers information about seventy-two Latin American women, living and dead. It is a truly

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LESBIAN AND GAY and young adults. But there’s nothing other adults. Two appendices list re- YOUTH like having a whole book devoted to sources and a calendar of commemora- the subject. This is especially the case tive events throughout the year. Six- Frances Ann Day, LESBIAN AND when the work adheres to a set of teen authors, including Nancy Garden, GAY VOICES: AN ANNOTATED guidelines for evaluating lesbian/gay M.E. Kerr, Lesléa Newman, and BIBLIOGRAPHY AND GUIDE themed books and describes the entries Sandra Scoppettone, receive full author TO LITERATURE FOR CHIL- in appropriate detail. Lesbian and Gay profiles, complete with photographs, DREN AND YOUNG ADULTS. Voices does both, and considerably biographical sketch, list of lesbian/gay Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2000. more. themed books, and references to fur- 268p. bibl. index. $35.00, ISBN 0- The author formulated her own ther biographical or analytical material. 313-31162-5. guidelines, which she spells out in a I’ll end this review with a sampling separate section, “Suggested Guidelines of the books I’m glad I learned about When Nancy Garden was a teen- for Evaluating Books With Lesbian and through Voices. Due to all the demands ager in the 1950s, feeling the first Gay Content.” They include good se- for removal of Heather Has Two stirrings of love for her girlfriend lection criteria for evaluating a work on Mommies from libraries, I was well- Sandy, there were no young adult nov- any subject (literary quality, authentic- aware of that one, but not of Lesléa els that mirrored the experience the ity, and absence of racism, sexism, and Newman’s other thoughtful picture two girls were having or that could other negative -isms), promotion of books, such as Belinda’s Bouquet help them deal with the scorn and self-esteem, and attention to blatant or (1991), about fat oppression and also prejudice they endured and the separa- subtle homophobic and heterosexist including lesbian mother characters, tion their parents enforced. According messages. She elaborates on the last and Too Far Away to Touch (1995), in to Garden, none would appear until category by asking a series of questions which an uncle dying of AIDS finds a 1969 (John Donovan’s I’ll Get There: It of each text. If the work is an overview way to explain to his young niece how Better Be Worth the Trip, from Harper of children’s literature or another topic, he can always remain in her heart. & Row), followed by a few in the does it omit gay and lesbian titles? For Annie on My Mind caused as much of a 1970s. Even in the 1980s, when Gar- works of fiction, are lesbian and gay stir as Heather, but I hadn’t known den published Annie On My Mind— characters portrayed as “complex, mul- that that had stimulated Nancy Garden and, as she says in the foreword, when tidimensional individuals?” Are they to write a fictionalized account of the “homosexuality in books for the young, involved in healthy, loving relation- reaction in The Year They Burned the though still controversial, had emerged ships? “Is the emphasis always on com- Books (1999). From the descriptions, I firmly from its own closet”—and in the ing out?” Does the work or collection plan to recommend both Robert 1990s, which saw a greater number of reflect diversity, or are all the gay and Bernstein’s Straight Parents, Gay Chil- publications, finding the books has not lesbian characters “young, white, dren: Keeping Families Together (1995) been easy. Occasional articles in the middle-class and able-bodied?” “Is the and Carolyn Welch Griffin, Marian J. professional literature of librarianship language used respectful of gays and Wirth, and Arthur G. Wirth’s Beyond and education (e.g., “Young Adult lesbians?” Are stereotypes perpetuated? Acceptance: Parents of Lesbians and Gays Novels With Gay/Lesbian Characters In biographies of gays and lesbians, do Talk About Their Experiences (1996) to and Themes 1969–1992,” by Christine the biographers mention their own a friend whose daughter recently an- Jenkins in Journal of Youth Services in sexual identity? All these are excellent nounced she is a lesbian. Libraries 7, Fall 1993) have pointed criteria. Librarians, teachers, parents, coun- librarians and teachers to the titles, and The scope of the volume is broad, selors, and gay and lesbian youth will various bibliographies on gay and les- with more than 275 annotated book all find Lesbian and Gay Voices helpful bian literature have included some cita- entries in chapters devoted to picture in finding well-written books. And let’s tions to material written for children books, fiction, short stories, nonfiction, not forget that all children will relate biography/autobiography, and books better to gays and lesbians around for librarians, educators, parents, and them when they have read works such as those featured in this bibliography.

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QUOTATIONS of birth of the women takes some get- most obvious choice, “reasons for ting used to—one can’t simply open travel.” I was rewarded with that exact Elaine T. Partnow, THE QUOT- the main section and riffle pages until index term, except that it only pointed ABLE WOMAN: THE FIRST coming to the woman’s name or the to the page itself in the preface. Next I 5,000 YEARS. New York: broad subject, the other two methods tried, in turn, “self-discovery,” “en- Checkmark Books, Facts on File, by which such books are arranged. One lightenment,” and “education,” surmis- 2001. 974p. indexes. $75.00, ISBN 0- or more of the several indexes (bio- ing that perhaps the women for whom 8160-4012-5. graphical, career/occupation, ethnicity/ that reason was most salient would be nationality, and subject) must be con- listed. But none of these terms ap- Though collecting quotations could sulted first. But there’s a significant peared at all in the subject index. Last, be considered as merely an ironic intellectual benefit to Partnow’s ar- and with little hope for success, I tried mimetism—victimless collecting, as rangement. One can follow the shifts “explorers” and “travel,” hoping that it were...in a world that is well on over time in attitudes toward gender the various reasons would be listed as its way to becoming one vast quarry, relations, politics, writing, and so many subtopics. Though there were no sub- the collector becomes someone en- more topics. If Facts on File ever turns topics, I decided to read the entries for gaged in a pious work of salvage. The Quotable Woman into a database, “explorers” and “travel writers” (the let’s hope this browseability is pre- only index term with travel as an ele- Susan Sontag, “Melancholy Objects,” served. ment other than when used in book in On Photography, 1977; Partnow, titles). The entry for “exploration” p.588 seems to belie the theory in the preface, TRAVEL since it opens with a statement that Anyone who spends any time on applies to both women and men ex- the World Wide Web will appreciate Patricia D. Netzley, ENCYCLOPE- plorers—“Explorers travel for discov- the “vast quarry” imagery and the “pi- DIA OF WOMEN’S TRAVEL AND ery, generally to visit geographical re- ous work of salvage”—and organiza- EXPLORATION. Westport, CT: gions never before seen by people of tion—that Partnow’s books provide. Oryx, 2001. 259p. bibl. index. their own culture”—and the only The Quotable Woman: The First 5,000 photogs. $65.00, ISBN 1-57356-238- qualification mentioned with respect to Years is her latest and biggest effort, a 6. women explorers is that there haven’t revised and updated edition of The been many because of “behavioral re- New Quotable Woman (1992), which One statement in the strictions place[d] upon women was itself a revised, combined edition Encyclopedia’s Preface particularly tan- throughout history” (p.78). The rest of of The Quotable Woman, from Eve to talized me: “Whereas men have histori- this entry is divided by region, recount- 1799 (1985) and The Quotable cally traveled for adventure, enjoyment, ing which women explored each one. Woman, 1800–1981 (1982). This edi- physical challenge, financial reward, “Travel writers” provided some of tion adds more than 6,000 new quota- and perhaps fame, women have prima- the analysis I sought, however. This is tions, is more international in scope, rily traveled for self-discovery, enlight- where Netzley reviews the socially ac- and gathers more words from histori- enment, and education” (p.ix). I was ceptable reasons for women’s travel up ans and scientists. quite prepared to accept the statement until the mid-twentieth century, when What makes Partnow’s works es- as true, but wanted to read more analy- both women and men began to travel pecially appealing as reference works is sis. Where would it be in this interest- for various reasons unconfined by gen- that she provides source information ing new volume? Would I have to der. In former years women had to for every single one of the 19,000 quo- tease the proof out myself by reading justify their travel by some worthwhile tations, which are from 3,657 women. numerous biographical entries, or pursuit, such as learning about a place There is nothing quite as maddening to would there be a topical entry on the (its flora, fauna, human society, etc.), a librarian than being asked the source subject? by drawing inspiration for visual depic- of a particular quotation, finding it in a I tried the latter approach first, quotation book, but not gleaning more looking in the subject index for the there than to whom to attribute the words. The chronological order by year

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tions, and by writing an account of the The Complete Guide to Women’s Tours tional Labour Organization, 2000. trip. British article writer Gwendolyn and Outdoor Trips) that that guide pro- 108p. $12.95, ISBN 92-2-110844-9. Dorrien Smith painted watercolors and vides information on “tourism oppor- collected plant specimens for botanical tunities for lesbians” among other This is a revised and expanded edi- gardens. Louise Stuart Costello, also things (p.6); and “Guidebooks, tion of ABC of Women Workers’ Rights: British, supported her family by writ- Travel” hales Damron Women’s Travel- Practical Guide (1994). It is a dictio- ing travel books. While men might ler, edited by Gina M. Gatta (1998), as nary-style source of information on write of danger and surviving harrow- a source of information specifically for gender equity issues in work settings, ing experiences, women like American lesbian travelers. The only other listing written for the general public. The Ann Wharton and Austrian Ida Pfeiffer in the subject index under the term guidebook is part of the International concentrated mostly on their observa- “lesbians” points to the entry for Vita Labour Organization’s (ILO’s) efforts tions. Making political comments was Sackville-West, even though, undoubt- to bridge the gap between legal rights added to the genre toward the end of edly, there were others among the and enforcement mechanisms on the the nineteenth century and increased in nearly 300 women in this book who one hand and actual work situations on the twentieth. led active lesbian lives. the other. The book describes the obli- According to Netzley, modern Each of the entries includes sug- gations of nation-states and employers women’s travel writing is also charac- gestions for further reading and cross- and the gender-related rights of work- terized by quite personal comments references to related topics. The bio- ers under ILO standards and other in- and memories. She cites Leila Hadley’s graphical entries summarize the lives ternational instruments. It also defines A Journey With Elsa Cloud (1997), in and accomplishments of the women, a number of terms, such as “gender which the author travels to India to highlighting their travels and explora- mainstreaming,” “glass ceiling,” and reconnect with her estranged daughter, tions. Topical entries cover means of “export processing zones,” relevant to and Barbara Grizzuti Harrison’s explo- transportation (“air,” “sea,” “bicycles,” women workers and gender equality, as ration of her Italian American family etc.); professions with travel compo- well as legal mechanisms like “burden roots in Italian Days (1989) among her nents (“anthropologists and archaeolo- of proof.” Here are some examples of examples. One could quibble that some gists,” “photographers and artists,” gender-related workers rights according men also write about their personal “missionaries,” “scientists,” etc.); coun- to ILO conventions: journeys, but I think Netzley makes a tries and regions; and subjects such as sufficient case in this entry, buttressed “grand tours,” “disguises,” • A breastfeeding worker is entitled by the biographical entries themselves. “migration,”and “military service.” to half an hour’s break twice a day Having just written a review of While all the persons may be found in to nurse her child. She may inter- Gay and Lesbian Voices, in which the other reference works, no other refer- rupt her work to do so, and the author provides a checklist by which to ence work zeroes in on the travel aspect interruptions should count as evaluate books, I decided to apply rel- of their lives. This fact, together with work time. (p. 15) evant criteria to the Encyclopedia. Is the useful topical entries, make the En- • There should be no emotional lesbian travel a category in the work? cyclopedia of Women’s Travel and Explo- abuse, persecution, or victimiza- And for the entries that are biographi- ration a unique volume covering a sub- tion at work. (p.55) cal (the majority), is the sexual identity ject of scholarly and personal interest. • Victims of harassment and pres- of the travelers mentioned? The Ency- sure should be protected from re- clopedia is rather weak on both scores. taliatory or disciplinary action by There is no separate entry covering les- WORKERS’ RIGHTS adequate preventative measures bian travel, though there is mention in and means of redress. (p.55) the entry for Thalia Zepatos’ 1994 Ad- DICTIONARIES ventures in Good Company (subtitled The ILO also makes proscriptive rec- ABC OF WOMEN WORKERS’ ommendations, such as this: RIGHTS AND GENDER EQUAL- ITY. Geneva, Switzerland: Interna- In the area of home work, national policies should be designed, imple-

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mented and periodically reviewed to promote, as afar as possible, equality of treatment between homeworkers and other wage earn- ers.... (p.56)

And in the section on “girl child labourers,” there is a list of methods for taking into account the special situa- tion of girls, including placing explicit emphasis on girls as a target group in any action plans or direct action programmes aimed at eliminating child labour; [concentrating] on those eco- nomic sectors where many girls are found (i.e. prostitution, domestic work, agriculture, and manufacturing)...[and linking] up with efforts to promote education for girls. (p.51) Each entry includes citations to the particular international document from which the rule or recommenda- tion is drawn. Although knowledge alone will not change conditions for women workers around the world, their situation cannot advance without it. For them and for those who advo- cate on their behalf, ABC of Women Workers’ Rights and Gender Equality provides a convenient compendium. It will be equally useful to students in- timidated by reading actual interna- tional conventions in their entirety. They can use this guide as a painless entry into the whirl of international agreements.

[Phyllis Holman Weisbard, who wrote all of the above reviews except as otherwise noted, is the Women’s Studies Librarian for the University of the Wisconsin Sys- tem and co-editor of Feminist Collec- tions.]

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 45 PERIODICAL NOTES

NEW AND NEWLY DISCOVERED THIRDSPACE 2001– . Eds.: Jenea Tallentire, Kim PERIODICALS Snowden, Alisa Harrison, & Norma Oshynko. 2/yr at present (with potential for more). Free; online. Website: http://www.thirdspace.ca/journal.htm (Issue examined: v.1, GOOD GIRL 2001– . Ed. in chief: Nikko Snyder. 4/yr? no.1, July 2001) Can$9.95 for 2 issues within Canada; Can$14.95 elsewhere. The editors of this new peer-reviewed journal for Box 202, 2738 Dundas Street West, Toronto, Ontario, “emerging” feminist scholars were all graduate students at Canada M6P 1Y3; website: www.goodgirl.ca (Issue exam- the University of British Columbia when they started this ined: v.1, Spring 2001) venture, which includes on its website not only the journal Started by “one girl and her computer” with the help of itself but also a section called “chora,” a space “for resources, “many brilliant minds,” this new magazine seeks to represent news, and networking,” which includes information about “young Canadian feminists with some pretty frickin’ unique subscribing to the listserv chora-l. They write in their takes on the world.” The inaugural issue, available in full introductory essay, “We named this project ‘thirdspace’ in text on the magazine’s website as well as in print, includes a order to evoke Homi Bhaba’s work on hybridity, a model piece about the history of the word girl, some philosophy which is often played out in emerging feminists’ lives and about sewing, reflections on the corporate world’s often- academic pursuits. We often are poised between the poten- mind-numbing “professional development” training, a tial of this liminal state created by our feminist work and critique of the birth control pill, a rant about the manipula- action, and a certain isolation that we frequently experience tion of young women by tobacco companies, and an essay in our academic units and amongst our peers. As editors of on Canadianness by the daughter of an English father and this new endeavor we wanted to provide a space for feminist American mother. The website also lists the contents of the scholarship that could be shared and enjoyed by other newest issue and provides links to other feminist ‘zines and academics engaged in feminist research, and experienced by resources. those less familiar with feminist thinking. It was also important for us to create a forum where ideas and resources JOURNAL OF THREAT ASSESSMENT 2001– . Ed.: can be shared, read and discussed, with the hope that those Joseph T. McCann. 4/yr. $45.00 (individuals); $75.00 who visit the site will come away with a stronger under- (institutions); $90.00 (libraries). ISSN: 1533-2608. The standing of the diverse and fascinating areas of feminist Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY research from around the world.” 13904-1580; phone: (800) 429-6784; fax: (800) 895-0582; The inaugural issue features such intriguing titles as email: [email protected]; website: http:// “Female Desire in Prose Poetry: Susan Holbrook’s ‘as thirsty www.HaworthPress.com (Issue examined: v.1, no.1, 2001) as’ and Hilary Clark’s ‘Tomato,’” by Joy Fehr; “The Experi- Included here because many of its articles deal with ence of Mothers in Stepfather Families,” by Erika Horwitz; issues that affect women and girls (stalking, self-mutilation, and “‘Oh! Dogma (Up Yours!),’” by Maria-Elena Buszek. sexual violence), this new journal is meant to be “an outlet Downloadable PDF versions of the articles are promised. for research and scholarly articles that provide practical Emerging scholar is defined as “graduate student, post- information on ways in which threatening and violent doctoral fellow, new independent scholar, or a similar behavior can be assessed and managed effectively in a variety status”; manuscript submissions from such contributors are of settings. Among the topics that fall within the domain of encouraged. the journal are violence in schools, workplace violence, domestic violence, child sexual abuse, targeted violence WOMEN’S POLICY JOURNAL OF HARVARD, John against public figures, stalking, harassment, homicide, F. Kennedy School of Government. 2001– . 1/yr (each on a domestic and international terrorism, suicide, self-destruc- specific topic). $20.00 (individuals); $40.00 (libraries and tive behavior, and other forms of violence” (from the institutions); $10.00 (students). 79 John F. Kennedy Street, Introduction). Cambridge, MA 02138; phone: (617) 496-5192; fax: (617) 495-5500; email: [email protected]; website: http:// www.ksg.harvard.edu/wpjh/ (Issue examined: v.1, Summer 2001).

Page 46 Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Periodical Notes

The inaugural issue of this new, “non-partisan, scholarly PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW v.69, no.4, Novem- review dedicated to publishing interdisciplinary work on ber 2000: “Woman Suffrage: The View from the Pacific.” policymaking and politics affecting women in the United Guest eds.: Ellen DuBois and Robert W. Cherny. ISSN: States” is titled “Work, Money, and Power: Challenges and 0030-8684. Subscription: 4/yr., $29.00 (individuals); Opportunities for Women in the 21st Century.” The $81.00 (institutions); $19.00 (retired/students), add $20.00 journal was created by a committee—established by the outside North America. Single issue: $9.00 (individuals); Kennedy School’s Women Students’ Association—of $21.00 (institutions). University of California Press, 2000 students, faculty, and groups interested in women and Center Street, Suite 303, Berkeley, CA 94704-1223. public policy. The peer-journal accepts unsolicited articles Partial contents: “Settler Anxieties, Indigenous Peoples, year-round, and is currently calling for papers for Volume 2, and Women’s Suffrage in the Colonies of Australia, New to be published in May 2002. Zealand, and Hawai‘i, 1888 to 1902" (Patricia Grimshaw); “Constructing the Woman Citizen and Struggling for the Vote in California, 1896–1911" (Gayle Gullett); “A ‘Test of SPECIAL ISSUES OF PERIODICALS Chiffon Politics’: Gender Politics in Seattle, 1897–1917" (John Putman); “Women’s Suffrage in China: Challenging ACADEMIC MEDICINE v.75, no.1: “Women’s Health Scholarly Conventions” (Louise Edwards); “Women’s as a Catalyst for Reform of Medical Education.” Ed.: Rights, Feminism, and Suffragism in Japan, 1870–1925" Addeane S. Caelleigh. Subscription: 12/yr., includes print (Barbara Molony); “Chilean Feminists, the International edition and online access, $120.00 (in U.S.); $180.00 Women’s Movement, and Suffrage, 1915–1950" (Corinne (elsewhere); $60.00 (student, U.S. only). Single issue: A. Pernet); “Agitating for Their Rights: The Columbian $10.00 + shipping, if available, print only. Association of Women’s Movement, 1930–1957" (Charity Coker American Medical Colleges, 2450 N Street, NW, Washing- Gonzalez). ton, DC 20037; website: http:// www.academicmedicine.org/ PEAK RUNNING PERFORMANCE v.10, no.4, July/ Archived full-text articles from special issue currently August 2001. Managing ed.: Claudia Piepenburg. Subscrip- available free on website at http:// tion: 6/yr., $19.95 (in U.S.); $29.95 (outside U.S.). Single www.academicmedicine.org/content/vol75/issue11/ issue: $5.00. Road Runner Sports, 5549 Copley Drive, San Partial contents: “Integration of Women’s Health into Diego, CA 92111; phone: (888) PEAKRUN; email: an Internal Medicine Core Curriculum for Medical Stu- [email protected]; website: www.peakrun.com dents” (JoDean Nicolette and Michael B. Jacobs); “Weaving Not special issue on women per se, but does focus on Women’s Health Across Clinical Clerkships” (Diane women runners’ health in its lead article: “The Female Magrane et al.); “Transforming Cultural Competence into Triad: Old Bones in Young Women—Too Fit to Quit or Cross-Cultural Efficacy in Women’s Health Education” Too Thin to Win?” (Carol L. Otis). (Ana E. Núñez); “Tools for Integrating Women’s Health into Medical Education: Clinical Cases and Concept THE SALT JOURNAL v.3, no.1, Winter 2001: “The Mapping” (Lucia Beck Weiss and Sandra P. Levison); Feminist Issue.” Ed.-in-chief: David Barton. Subscription: “Resources for Teaching About Women’s Health” (Margo J. 4/yr., $26.00. Single issue: $6.95. P.O. Box N, Santa Fe, Krasnoff); “A Systematic Approach to Faculty Development NM 87504; phone: (505) 954-4404; email: in Women’s Health: Lessons from Education, Feminism, [email protected] and Conflict Theory” (Katherine L. Patterson Neely Partial contents: “Revising the Feminist Myths” et al.); “Women’s Health and Complexity Science” (Eileen (Frederick Turner); “She Who Shrieks Holy Mother” Hoffman); “The Trends in Health Care Delivery for (Chellis Glendinning); “A Feminist Reading of Feminist Women: Challenges for Medical Education” (Carol S. History” (Teresa Hobby); “Leather and Lace Meets Weisman). Women’s Lib” (Caroline Knapp).

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 47 Periodical Notes

TRANSITIONS contacted at Institut for Paedagogisk Antropologi, Danmarks Paedagogiske Universitet, Emdrupvej 101, DK- FEMINIST LEGAL STUDIES, introduced in this 2400 Kobenhavn, Denmark. column in FC 15(4), Summer 1994, is now available from Kluwer Academic Publishers in either a paper version or STANDPOINT is the new name for the former CENTER online, or a combined subscription. Website: http:// NEWS, the newsletter of the Center for Research on www.wkap.nl/journalhome.htm/0966-3622 Women at the University of Memphis. The Center’s address is 39 Clement Hall, University of Memphis, FEMINIST STUDIES IN AOTEAROA JOURNAL, Memphis, TN 38152-3530; phone: (901) 678-2770. The subtitled “feminism with attitude,” left the Web pages of newsletter is also available online at http://cas.memphis.edu/ Massey University during the struggle over that institution’s isc/crow women’s studies program, and now has a new home at: http://www.wave3.net.nz/fmst/ ANNIVERSARIES NORA: NORDIC JOURNAL OF WOMEN’S STUD- IES, last noted in this column in 1996 when its editorial LILITH, “the independent Jewish women’s magazine,” offices moved from Norway to Finland, is now under celebrates 25 years of publication this year. Address is: 250 Danish editorship. New editor Susanne Knudsen can be W. 57th St., Suite 2432, New York, NY 10107; website: www.lilithmag.com  compiled by JoAnne Lehman

Page 48 Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) ITEMS OF NOTE

The WOMEN IN FOCUS PROJECT of FOREIGN ographies covering 33 women’s lives, 1713-1859,” holds 54 POLICY IN FOCUS (FPIF) aims “to promote a more rare autobiographies. Part 2, “Rare printed autobiographies enlightened and gender-inclusive U.S. foreign policy.” To covering 22 women’s lives, 1780–1889,” covers the time that end, FPIF offers a number of informational “policy from George III to “the rise of the New Woman.” Part Two briefs.” One of the most recent, entitled “GATS and of MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN WOMEN is Women,” by Marceline White, investigates the effect the also now offered on 35mm microfilm; titled “Household General Agreement on Trade and Service will have on Books, Correspondence and Manuscripts owned by women, especially those in developing countries. This and Women, from the British Library, London,” it concentrates other women-related documents from the project are on women’s material prevalent during medieval and early available free online at: http://www.fpif.org/indices/topics/ modern times. To order either of these collections, contact women.html Adam Matthew Publications, 8 Oxford Street, Marlborough, Wiltshire, England SN8 1AP; phone: +44 The well-received radio show series VOICES OF PUBLIC (1672) 511921; fax: +44 (1672) 511663; email: INTELLECTUALS: FEMINISMS AND SCIENCE IN [email protected]; website: www.adam-matthew- CIVIL SOCIETY is now available on CD. To order, visit publications.co.uk/index.htm http://www.radcliffe.edu/feminisms/ WOMEN AND ACTIVISM is the title of the collected The INSTITUTE FOR WOMEN AND TECHNOL- presentations from the Women Writer’s Conference at the OGY (IWT) in Palo Alto is offering a series of “Exploration 1999 Zimbabwe International Book Fair. The book, which and Innovation” workshops. The workshops are meant to features women’s literature from all over the world, is meant give women “an opportunity to define areas in which to spread the voice of women everywhere. It can be ordered technologies could have a positive impact on their lives, for $16.95 from the African Books Collective: The Jam communities, or businesses and to impact the design of Factory, 27 Park End Street, Oxford, England OX 1HU; technologies. For more information on these workshops, phone: +44(0)-1865-726686; email: [email protected] visit this page on IWT’s website: http://www.iwt.org/ projectareas.html#Workshops ENGENDERING THE UNDERGRADUATE AGRI- CULTURAL CURRICULUM: A RESOURCE GUIDE In September 2000, Amnesty International released SAUDI focuses on incorporating gender related topics into univer- ARABIA: GROSS HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES sity agricultural curricula. Published by GENDEAVOUR, AGAINST WOMEN, a 28-page report about Saudi Uttara Devi Resource Center for Gender and Development, Arabian women. This report can be viewed online at: http:/ M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Third Cross /web.amnesty.org/802568F7005C4453/0/ Road, Taramani Institutional Area, CPT Campus, Chennai D2C1FC0DC59EC51C802569610071BFEC!Open (Madras) 600 113, India; phone: 91-44-235-1698; fax: 91- 44-235-1319; email: [email protected]; website: Also available from Amnesty International is the 21-page www.mssrg.org report RESPECT, PROTECT, FULFIL—WOMEN’S HUMAN RIGHTS: STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR WOMEN IN CONTEMPORARY DEMOCRATIZA- ABUSES BY “NON-STATE ACTORS”: http:// TION is a 45-page report by Shahrashhoub Razavi that web.amnesty.org/802568F7005C4453/0/ discusses gender differences in political participation in 09C325F624441B2F802569580071FE8A!Open newly democratic countries. Emphasis is placed on methods to reform democratic institutions. Available (as OPG 4) for A number of the original texts listed in Barbara Penny $5.00 from the United Nations Research Institute for Social Kanner’s WOMEN IN CONTEXT: TWO HUNDRED Development (UNRISD), Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva YEARS OF BRITISH WOMEN AUTOBIOGRA- 10, Switzerland; phone: (4122) 9173020; fax: (4122) PHERS: A REFERENCE GUIDE AND READER (GK Hall, 1997) are now available on 35mm microfilm from Adam Matthew Publications. Part 1, “Rare printed autobi-

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 49 Items of Note

9170650; email: [email protected]; or download for free from MOTING SUCCESS IN EARLY ADOLESCENCE, a UNRISD’s website at: http://www.unrisd.org/cgi-bin/ report that looks at the issues facing girls in the Memphis dnld1.pl?filename=opg/opg4.doc:337k&thispage=engindex/ public middle schools and encourages advocacy and inter- publ/cat/p330.htm ventions to help girls succeed academically and develop a healthy sexuality. To obtain a copy of this report, write to The AFL-CIO’s Department for Professional Employees the Center for Research on Women, University of Memphis, (DPE) new release, SALARIED AND PROFESSIONAL Clement Hall 339, Memphis, TN 38152; phone: (901) WOMEN: RELEVANT STATISTICS, provides informa- 678-2770. tion for women in the working world. Call (202) 638-5670 or write to DPE at 815 16th Street NW, Washington, DC Joint efforts between the Center for Research on Women at 20006. the University of Memphis and the Women’s Foundation of Greater Memphis produced PROFILES: A REPORT ON WHOLE PERSON ASSOCIATES (“the stress and THE WOMEN AND GIRLS OF GREATER MEM- wellness specialists”) offer guides by Louise Yolton Eberhardt PHIS. This report makes known the disadvantages women for women in the workplace and in the world today. face, but also sheds light on new resources becoming CONFRONTING SEXUAL HARASSMENT deals with available in the Memphis area. Single copies can be pur- sexual harassment by raising awareness and providing chased for $10.00 from the Center for Research on Women, exercises on how to keep it from happening. BRIDGING University of Memphis, Campus Box 56105, Memphis, TN THE GENDER GAP can help men and women communi- 38152-6105; phone: (901) 678-2770; fax: (901) 678-3652. cate effectively at work. WORKING WITH WOMEN’S Discounts are given for bulk orders. GROUPS, Vols. 1-2, provides valuable information for group leaders: Volume1 is designed for beginning groups of Several new publications are available through the any kind, while Volume 2 focuses on the needs of specific WELLESLEY CENTERS FOR WOMEN “New Works kinds of groups. Each book costs $24.94; an optional 2001" Catalog. PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SPORTS worksheet master for each book sells for $9.95. Order from PARTICIPATION ON GIRLS’ SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, Whole Person Associates, 210 West Michigan, Duluth, MN 2000, by Samru Erkut and Allison Tracy (33p., $10.00, 55802-1908; phone: (800) 247-6789; fax: (218) 727-0505. Paper No. 301), is about the impact sports have on high school girls’ sexual activity. “WHAT ABOUT THE Historian Birgitta Jordansson has written THE POLITICS BOYS?” WHAT THE CURRENT DEBATES TELL OF GENDER EQUALITY: THE ENCOUNTER US, AND DON’T TELL US ABOUT BOYS IN BETWEEN POLITICAL INTENTIONS AND THE SCHOOL, by Michael Kimmel (17p., $10.00, Special ACADEMY IN THE “THAM PROFESSORSHIPS” for Report No. CRW 27), looks at males and their place in the Swedish Secretariat for Gender Research. This report gender issues. RAISING CONFIDENT AND COMPE- investigates the longterm effects of thirty-one professorships TENT GIRLS: HOW MIDDLE SCHOOLS CAN that were set up “for the underrepresented sex” during the SUPPORT GIRLS, by Fern Marx et al. (126p., $25.00, tenure of Carl Tham as Sweden’s Minister of Education and Special Report No. CRW 26), is a guide to running work- Science. For more information, contact the Swedish shops for middle school teachers and parents. Professor Secretariat for Gender Research, Box 200, SE-405 30 Mary Grimley Mason narrates her life with polio in LIFE Göteborg, Sweden; email: [email protected]; website: PRINTS: A MEMOIR OF HEALING AND DISCOV- www.genus.sc ERY (223p., $19.95, Book No. 1003). THE NEW DON’T BLAME MOTHER: MENDING THE Partners in Public Education of Memphis, Tennessee, MOTHER-DAUGHTER RELATIONSHIP, 2000, by teamed up with the Center for Research on Women at the Paula J. Caplan, Ph.D. ($15.95, Book No. 18), examines University of Memphis as “town criers for the needs of girls” why mothers and daughters struggle and suggests methods and put together ADVOCATES FOR GIRLS: PRO- for reconciling differences. Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., LICSW, and Janet Surrey, Ph.D., put together THE RELATIONAL MODEL OF WOMEN’S PSYCHO- LOGICAL DEVELOPMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE, 2000 ($10.00, Paper No. WP91),

Page 50 Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Items of Note

which discusses using the Stone Center’s relational model to ° WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS: WHY COMPA- deal with substance abuse in women. WOMEN PHYSI- NIES LOSE FEMALE TALENT AND WHAT CIANS: RELATIONAL DILEMMAS, by Julia THEY CAN DO ABOUT IT (43p., 1998) McMurray and Judith Jordan ($10.00, Paper No. 89) covers problems facing professional women today. All of these ° TWO CAREERS, ONE MARRIAGE: MAKING IT publications can be ordered online at www.wcwonline.org; WORK IN THE WORKPLACE (48p., 1998) by phone: (781) 283-2510; or by mail: Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, 106 Center St., Wellesley, ° 1999 CATALYST CENSUS OF WOMEN BOARD MA 02481-8203. DIRECTORS OF THE FORTUNE 1000 (61p., 1999) CATALYST RESEARCH, known as “the unbiased source of timely, accurate information that can’t be found any- ° 2000 CATALYST CENSUS OF WOMEN where else,” has been tracking the status of women at work CORPORATE OFFICERS AND TOP EARNERS and in leadership for more than twenty years. Catalyst (49p., 2000) shares the results of these studies in a number of reports that are described on the Internet and available for purchase in To order these or other Catalyst reports, visit the website: print (as full reports or executive summaries). Short reports www.catalystwomen.org; or inquire by phone: (212) 514- of interest to our readers include the following: 7600; email: [email protected]; fax: (212) 514-8470; or mail: Catalyst, 120 Wall St., New York, NY 10005-3904. ° WOMEN OF COLOR IN CORPORATE MAN- AGEMENT: DYNAMICS OF CAREER AD- VANCEMENT (46p., 1998)  compiled by Teresa Fernandez

° MBA GRADS IN INFO TECH: WOMEN IN THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY (28p., 2000)

Miriam Greenwald

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 51 BOOKS AND AV RECENTLY RECEIVED

CATALYST CENSUS OF WOMEN CORPORATE OFFICERS DESIRING REVOLUTION: SECOND-WAVE FEMINISM AND AND TOP EARNERS. Catalyst. 2000. (Address: 120 Wall St., New THE REWRITING OF TWENTIETH-CENTURY AMERICAN York, NY 100053904) SEXUAL THOUGHT, 1920 TO 1982. Gerhard, Jane. Columbia THE ACTIVITIES OF WOMEN’S ORGANIZATIONS IN University Press, 2001. KOREA. Park, Meesok, ed. Publishing Department, Sookmyung THE DIARIES OF BEATRICE WEBB. Mackenzie, Norman and Women’s University. Research Institute of Asian Women, 2000. Mackenzie, Jeanne, eds. abrdg. by Lynn Knight. Northeastern (Address: Chungpa-Dong 2-Ka, Yongsan -Ku, Seoul 140-742, Korea) University Press, 2001. AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOG- DID YOU HEAR ABOUT THE GIRL WHO...?: CONTEMPO- RAPHY. Thomas, Veronica G. and others, comps. Greenwood, 2001. RARY LEGENDS, FOLKLORE, AND HUMAN SEXUALITY. AFRICAN WOMEN AND CHILDREN: CRISIS AND RE- Whatley, Mariamne H and Henken, Elissa R. New York University SPONSE. Rwomire, Apollo, ed. Praeger, 2001. Press, 2000. ALBION FELLOWS BACON: INDIANA’S MUNICIPAL DR. JOHNSON’S WOMEN. Clarke, Norma. Hambledon & HOUSEKEEPER. Barrows, Robert G. Indiana University Press, London, 2000. 2000. THE ELEANOR ROOSEVELT ENCYCLOPEDIA. Beasley, AMERICAN WOMEN’S HISTORY: A STUDENT COMPAN- Maurine H., eds. fwd. by Blanche Wiesen Cook. Greenwood Press, ION. Matthews, Glenna. Oxford University Press, 2000. 2000. ASMAHAN’S SECRETS: WOMAN, WAR, AND SONG. Zuhur, EMMA NEWMAN: A FRONTIER WOMAN MINISTER. Walker, Sherifa, McCann-Baker, Annes, ed. American University in Cairo Randi Jones, ed. Syracuse University Press, 2000. Press, 2000. EN-GENDERING INDIA: WOMAN AND NATION IN BECOMING CITIZENS: THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOP- COLONIAL AND POSTCOLONIAL NARRATIVES. Sangeeta, MENT OF THE CALIFORNIA WOMEN’S MOVEMENT, 1880- Ray. Duke University Press, 2000. 1911. Gullet, Gayle. University of Illinois Press, 2000. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FEMINIST THEORIES. Code, Lorraine, A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF WOMEN ECONO- ed. Routledge, 2000. MISTS. Dimand, Robert W. and others, eds. Edward Elgar, 2000. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WOMEN’S TRAVEL AND EXPLO- BIRTH OF THE MILLENNIUM: A WALK THROUGH LIFE’S RATION. Netzley, Patricia. Oryx, 2001. PATHWAYS. Kincaid, Hilary. Vantage, 2000. ENDURING WHAT CANNOT BE ENDURED. Dowlen, BITTER SWEET: INDIGENOUS WOMEN IN THE PACIFIC. Dorothy Dore, intro. by Theresa Kaminski. McFarland, 2001. Jones, Alison and others, eds. University of Otago Press, 2000. ENGENDERING THE STATE: FAMILY, WORK, AND WEL- BLUE JEAN: WHAT YOUNG WOMEN ARE THINKING, FARE IN CANADA. Christie, Nancy. University of Toronto Press, SAYING, AND DOING. Handel, Sherry S. Blue Jean Media, Inc., 2000. 2001 EXTRAORDINARY WOMEN OF THE MEDIEVAL AND BODY OUTLAWS: YOUNG WOMEN WRITE ABOUT BODY RENAISSANCE WORLD: A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. IMAGE AND IDENTITY. Edut, Ophira, intro. by Rebecca Walker. Levin, Carol and others. Greenwood Press, 2000. Seal, 2000. A FEAST IN THE MIRROR: STORIES BY CONTEMPORARY BODY POLITICS AND FICTIONAL DOUBLE. King, Deborah IRANIAN WOMEN. Khorrami, Mohammad Mehdi and Walker, ed. Indiana University Press, 2000. Vatanabadi,, eds; trans.by Lynne Rienner, 2000. CHINESE AMERICAN LITERATURE SINCE THE 1850S. Yin, THE FEMININE AND THE SACRED. Clément, Catherine and Xiao-huang. University of Illinois Press, 2000. Kristeva, Julia, trans. by Jane Marie Todd. Columbia University Press, THE CLUBWOMEN’S DAUGHTERS: COLLECTIVIST 2001. IMPULSES IN PROGRESSIVE-ERA GIRL’S FICTION. Tarbox, FEMINISM AND THE FAMILY: POLITICS AND SOCIETY IN Gwen Athene. Garland, 2000. THE UK AND THE USA. Somerville, Jennifer. St. Martin’s, 2000. CONTROVERSY AND COALITION: THE NEW FEMINIST FEMINISM, THE FAMILY, AND THE POLITICS OF THE MOVEMENT ACROSS FOUR DECADES OF CHANGE. Ferree, CLOSET: LESBIAN AND GAY DISPLACEMENT. Calhoun, Myra Marx and Hess, Beth B. Routledge, 2000. Cheshire. Oxford University Press, 2000. DAPHNE DU MAURIER. Auerbach, Nina. University of FEMINISM, THE STATE AND SOCIAL POLICY. Charles, Pennsylvania Press, 2000. Nickie. St. Martin’s, 2000. DAUGHTERS OF THE GODDESS, DAUGHTERS OF IMPERI- FEMINIST CONSEQUENCES: THEORY FOR THE NEW ALISM: AFRICAN WOMEN STRUGGLE FOR CULTURE, CENTURY. Bronfen, Elisabeth and Kavka, Misha, eds. Columbia POWER & DEMOCRACY. Amadiume, Ifi. Zed, 2000. University Press, 2001. DECONSTRUCTING IMAGES OF “THE TURKISH A FEMINIST COSMOLOGY: ECOLOGY, SOLIDARITY, AND WOMAN.” Arat, Zehra F., ed. St. Martin’s Press, 2000. METAPHYSICS. Howell, Nancy R. Humanity Books, 2000. FEMINIST SCIENCE STUDIES: A NEW GENERATION. Mayberry, Maralee and others, eds. Routledge, 2001. FIRST LADIES OF THE UNITED STATES: A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. Watson, Robert P. Lynne Reinner, 2001.

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FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS III: A TEN-YEAR INTERNATIONAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WOMEN AND RETROSPECTIVE OF PART-TIME ARRANGEMENTS FOR SPORTS. Christensen, Karen and others, eds. Gale Group/Macmillan MANAGERS AND PROFESSIONALS. Catalyst, 2000. (Address: Reference, 2001. 120 Wall St., New York, NY 10005-3904) INTERNATIONAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WOMEN’S SUF- THE FOUNDATION DIRECTORY: PART 2. Lunn, Melissa, ed. FRAGE. Hannam, June and others. ABC-CLIO, 2000. The Foundation Center, 2000. IS ACADEMIC FEMINISM DEAD?: THEORY IN PRACTICE. FROM FIREPLACE TO COOKSTOVE: TECHNOLOGY AND The social justice group at the center for advanced feminist studies, THE DOMESTIC IDEAL IN AMERICA. Brewer, Patricia J. University of Minnesota, ed. New York University Press, 2000. Syracuse University Press, 2000. ISLAM AND GENDER: THE RELIGIOUS DEBATE IN FROM THE FIELD TO THE LEGISLATURE: A HISTORY OF CONTEMPORARY IRAN. Mir-Hosseini, Ziba. Princeton Univer- WOMEN IN THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. O’Neal, Eugenia. Green- sity Press, 1999. wood, 2001. KATHERINE MANSFIELD: A LITERARY LIFE. Smith, Angela. THE FRUIT OF THE TREE. Wharton, Edith. Northeastern Palgrave; distr. St. Martin’s, 2001. University Press, 2000. KITCHEN CULTURE IN AMERICA: POPULAR REPRESEN- GAY AND LESBIAN FAMILIES: A BIBLIOGRAPHY. Nordquist, TATIONS OF FOOD, GENDER, AND RACE. Inness, Sherrie, ed. Joan, comp. Reference & Research Services, 2000. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. GENDER EQUITY OR BUST!: ON THE ROAD TO CAMPUS LATINAS ON STAGE: PRACTICE AND THEORY. Arrizón, LEADERSHIP WITH WOMEN IN HIGHER EDUCATION. Alicia and Manzor, Lillian, eds. Third Woman, 2000. Wenniger, Mary Dee and Conroy, Mary Helen, eds. Jossey-Bass Inc., LESBIAN AND GAY VOICES: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRA- 2001. PHY AND GUIDE TO LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN AND GENDER WORKS: OXFAM EXPERIENCE IN POLICY AND YOUNG ADULTS. Day, Frances Ann, foreword by Nancy Garden. PRACTICE. Porter, Fenella and others, eds. Oxfam, 1999. Greenwood, 2000. GERTRUDE BELL: THE ARABIAN DIARIES, 1913-1914. LIBERALISM AND THE ‘POLITICS OF DIFFERENCE.’ O’Brien, Rosemary, ed. Photogs. by Gertrude Bell. Syracuse Univer- Baumeister, Andrea T. Columbia University Press, 2000. sity Press, 2000. THE LOONY-BIN TRIP. Millett, Kate. University of Illinois Press, GLOBAL FEMINISMS SINCE 1945. Smith, Bonnie G., ed. 2000. Routledge, 2000. LOVING IN THE WAR YEARS. Moraga, Cherrie L. South End, GLOBALIZING FEMINIST BIOETHICS: CROSSCULTURAL 2000. PERSPECTIVES. Tong, Rosemarie and others, eds. Westview Press, MAINSTREAMING MEN INTO GENDER AND DEVELOP- 2001. MENT DEBATES, REFLECTIONS, AND EXPERIENCES. HANNAH ARENDT: LIFE IS A NARRATIVE. Kristeva, Julia, Chant, Sylvia and Gutmann, Matthew C. Oxfam, 2000. trans. by Frank Collins. University of Toronto Press, 2001. MAKING SILENCE SPEAK: WOMEN’S VOICES IN GREEK HEALING NARRATIVES: WOMEN WRITERS CURING LITERATURE AND SOCIETY. McClure, Laura and Lardinois, CULTURAL DIS-EASE. Wilentz, Gay. Rutgers University Press, André, eds. Princeton University Press, 2001. 2000. MARY SHELLEY’S FICTIONS: FROM FRANKENSTEIN TO THE HEALING YEARS: A DOCUMENTARY ABOUT SURVIV- FAULKNER. Eberle-Sinatra, Michael, ed., intro. by Nora Crook. St. ING INCEST AND CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE (VIDEO), Barbini, Martin’s, 2000. Kathy director. Future Education Films, 1999 MEDICINE TRAIL: THE LIFE AND LESSONS OF GLADYS THE HEART TOO LONG SUPPRESSED: A CHRONICLE OF TANTAQUIDGEON. Fawcett, Melissa Jayne. University of Arizona MENTAL ILLNESS. Hebald, Carol, fwd. by Thomas S. Szasz. Press, 2000. Northeastern University Press, 2001. MOTHER TIME: WOMEN, AGING, AND ETHICS. Walker, HOLLYWOOD LOOKS AT WOMEN. Coolidge, Archibald Cary Margaret Urban, ed. Rowman & Littlefield, 2000. Jr. The Maecenas; dist. VISTA, 2001. MOTHERING THE SELF: MOTHERS, DAUGHTERS, HYSTERIA. Bollas, Christopher. Routledge, 2000. SUBJECTS. Steph Lawler. Routledge, 2000. I WILL NOT EAT STONE: A WOMEN’S HISTORY OF MOTHERS AND CHILDREN: FEMINIST ANALYSES AND COLONIAL ASANTE. Allman, Jean and Tashjian, Victoria. PERSONAL NARRATIVES. Chase, Susan E. and Rogers, Mary F. Heinemann, 2000. Rutgers University Press, 2001. IMMIGRANT MOTHERS: NARRATIVES OF RACE AND MOTHERS AND SONS: FEMINISM, MASCULINITY, AND MATERNITY, 1890-1925. Irving, Katrina. University of Illinois THE STRUGGLE TO RAISE OUR SONS. O’Reilly, Andrea, ed. Press, 2000. Routledge, 2001. THE IMPLICIT RELATION OF PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW: MUSLIM WOMEN: CRAFTING A NORTH AMERICAN WOMEN AND SYNDROME EVIDENCE. Raitt, Fiona E. and IDENTITY. Khan, Shahnaz. University Press of Florida, 2000. Zeedyk, M. Suzanne. Routledge, 2000. MY DANGEROUS DESIRES: A QUEER GIRL DREAMING INDIVIDUALIST FEMINISM OF THE NINETEENTH HER WAY HOME. Hollibaugh, Amber. Duke University Press, CENTURY: COLLECTED WRITINGS AND BIOGRAPHICAL 2000. PROFILES. McElroy, Wendy, ed. McFarland, 2001.

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MY HEART IS A LARGE KINGDOM: SELECTED LETTERS THE RADICAL WOMEN MANIFESTO: SOCIALIST FEMI- OF MARGARET FULLER. Hudspeth, Robert N, ed. Cornell NIST THEORY, PROGRAM & ORGANIZATIONAL STRUC- University Press, 2001. TURE. Red Letter Press. 2001. MY HOME AS I REMEMBER. Maracle, Lee and Laronde, Sandra, READER’S GUIDE TO LESBIAN AND GAY STUDIES. Murphy, eds. Natural Heritage Books, 2000. (Address: P.O. Box 95, Station O, Timothy F., ed. Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000. Toronto, ON, Canada M4A 2M8) READING FOR DIVERSITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE: AN NATIVE TONGUE. Elgin, Suzette Haden. Feminist Press, 2000. ANTHOLOGY ON RACISM, ANTISEMITISM, SEXISM, NELL BRINKLEY AND THE NEW WOMAN IN THE EARLY HETEROSEXISM, ABLEISM, AND CLASSICISM. Adams, 20TH CENTURY. Robbins, Trina. McFarland & Company, 2001. Maurianne and others, eds. Routlegdge, 2000. NEW MILLENNIAL SEXSTYLES. Siegel, Carol. Indiana University REFORMING FICTIONS: NATIVE, AFRICAN, & JEWISH Press, 2000. AMERICAN WOMEN’S LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM IN NOON WORDS. Copri, Lucha, trans. by Catherine Rodriguez- THE PROGRESSIVE ERA. Batker, Carol J. Columbia University Nieto. Arte Público, 2001. Press, 2000. NOTABLE TWENTIETH-CENTURY LATIN AMERICAN RESISTANCE, FLIGHT, CREATION: FEMINIST ENACT- WOMEN: A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. Tompkins, Cynthia MENTS OF FRENCH PHILOSOPHY. Olkowski, Dorothea, ed. Margarita and Foster, David William, eds. Greenwood Press, 2000. Cornell University Press, 2000. NURSES AT THE FRONT: WRITING THE WOUNDS OF RETRIEVING EXPERIENCE: SUBJECTIVITY AND RECOG- THE GREAT WAR. Higonnet, Margaret R, ed. Northeastern NITION IN FEMINIST POLITICS. Kruks, Sonia. Cornell University Press, 2001. University Press, 2001. THE OLYMPICS AT THE MILLENNIUM. Schaffer, Kay and REWRITING THE WOMEN OF CAMELOT: ARTHURIAN Smith, Sidonie, eds. Rutgers University Press, 2000. POPULAR FICTION AND FEMINISM. Howey, Ann F. Green- ONE RED EYE: POEMS. Dierking, Kirsten. Holy Cow!; distr. wood, 2001. Consortium Book Sales & Distribution, 2001. A ROOM OF HIS OWN: IN SEARCH OF THE FEMININE IN THE OTHER RECONSTRUCTION: WHERE VIOLENCE AND THE NOVELS OF SAUL BELLOW. Cronin, Gloria L. Syracuse WOMANHOOD MEET IN THE WRITINGS OF IDA B. University Press, 2001. WELLS-BARNETT, ANGELINA WELD GRIMKE AND NELLA THE SATELLITE SEX: THE MEDIA AND WOMEN’S ISSUES LARSEN. Miller, Ericka M. Hodges, Graham, ed. Garland, 2000. IN ENGLISH CANADA, 1966-1971. Freedman, Barbara M. OUR MONICA, OURSELVES: THE CLINTON AFFAIR AND Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2001. THE NATIONAL INTEREST. Berlant, Lauren and Duggan, Lisa, SCREENING CULTURE, VIEWING POLITICS: AN ETHNOG- eds. New York University Press, 2001. RAPHY OF TELEVISION, WOMANHOOD, AND NATION IN PANDITA RAMABAI THROUGH HER OWN WORDS: POSTCOLONIAL INDIA. Mankekar, Purnima. Duke University SELECTED WORKS. Kosambi, Meera, ed. and comp. Oxford Press, 2000. University Press, 2000. THE SECOND BATTLEFIELD: WOMEN, MODERNISM AND THE POLITICS OF WOMEN’S STUDIES: TESTIMONY THE FIRST WORLD WAR. Smith, Angela K. Manchester FROM THIRTY FOUNDING MOTHERS. Howe, Florence, ed. University Press; distr. St. Martin’s, 2000. Feminist Press of University of New York, 2000. SELF AND HISTORY: A TRIBUTE TO LINDA NOCHLIN. PORNOGRAPHY AND SEXUAL REPRESENTATION: A D’Souza, Aruna, ed. Thames & Hudson, 2001. REFERENCE GUIDE. Slade, Joseph W. Greenwood, 2001. SISTER MARIA CELESTE’S LETTERS TO HER FATHER, POST-DYKES TO WATCH OUT FOR. Bechdel, Alison. Firebrand, GALILEO. Russell, Rinaldina, ed. Writer’s Club Press/iUniverse.com, 2000. 2000. PRENATAL TESTING AND DISABILITY RIGHTS. Parens, Erik THE SOCIOLOGY OF GENDER: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION. and Asch, Adrienne, eds. Georgetown University Press, 2000. Kramer, Laura. Roxbury, 2001. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF FEMALE VIOLENCE: CRIMES SOURCEBOOK ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN. Renzetti, AGAINST THE BODY. Motz, Anna. Brunner-Routledge/Taylor & Claire and others, eds. Sage, 2001. Francis Group, 2001. STARLET: 54 FAMOUS AND NOT SO FAMOUS LEADING THE QUEEN’S MIRROR: FAIRY TALES BY GERMAN LADIES OF THE SIXTIES. Holston, Kim. McFarland & Co., WOMEN, 1780-1900. Jarvis, Shawn C and Blackwell, Jeannine, eds.; 2000. trans. by Shawn C. Jarvis & Jeannine Blackwell. University of STATES OF CONFLICT: GENDER, VIOLENCE AND RESIS- Nebraska Press, 2001. TANCE. Jacobs, Susie and others, eds. Zed, 2000. QUILTING LESSONS: NOTES FROM THE SCRAP BAG OF A STRINGS ATTACHED (VIDEO), Leech, Marla Renee, producer, WRITER AND QUILTER. Berlo, Janet Catherine. University of 1999. Nebraska Press, 2001. SUCH NEWS OF THE LAND: U.S. WOMEN NATURE THE QUOTABLE WOMAN: THE FIRST 5,000 YEARS. Partnow, WRITERS. Edwards, Thomas S and De Wolfe, Elizabeth A, eds. Elaine T., ed. and comp. Facts on File, Inc./Checkmark Books, 2001. University Press of New England, 2001. THOUSANDS OF ROADS: A MEMOIR OF A YOUNG WOMAN’S LIFE IN THE UKRAINIAN UNDERGROUND DURING AND AFTER WORLD WAR II. Pyskir, Maria Savchyn, Savage, Ania, trans. by McFarland & Company, Inc., 2001.

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UNCOVERINGS 2000. Gunn, Virginia, ed. American Quilt Study WOMEN IN THE OFFICE: TRANSITIONS IN A GLOBAL Group, 2000. (Address: 35th and Holdredge Street, Lincoln, NE ECONOMY. Eyerman, Ann. Sumach, 2000. 68504-0737) WOMEN IN U.S. HISTORY: A RESOURCE GUIDE. Hardy, Lyda UNDERSTANDING BREAST CANCER. Dervan, Peter A. Mary. Libraries Unlimited, 2000. McFarland & Company, Inc., 2001. WOMEN IN WORLD HISTORY: A BIOGRAPHICAL ENCY- UNEQUAL SISTERS: A MULTICULTURAL READER IN U.S. CLOPEDIA, VOL. 10 MAA-MEI Commire, Anne and Klezmer, WOMEN’S HISTORY. Ruiz, Vicki L. and DuBois, Ellen Carol, eds. Deborah, eds. Yorkin; distr. Gale, 2000. Routledge, 2000. WOMEN IN WORLD HISTORY: A BIOGRAPHICAL ENCY- UTOPIC. Keelan, Claudia. Alice James, 2000. CLOPEDIA, VOL. 11 MEK-N. Commire, Anne and Klezmer, VIRTUAL GENDER: TECHNOLOGY, CONSUMPTION AND Deborah, eds. Yorkin; distr. Gale, 2001. IDENTITY. Green, Eileen and Adam, Alison. Routledge, 2001. WOMEN IN WORLD HISTORY: A BIOGRAPHICAL ENCY- VOTED OUT: THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CLOPEDIA, VOL 4 COLE - DZER. Commire, Anne and Klezmer, ANTI-GAY POLITICS. Russell, Glenda M. New York University Deborah, eds. Yorkin; distr. Gale, 2000. Press, 2000. WOMEN OF OKINAWA: NINE VOICES FROM A GARRISON THE WAMPAS BABY STARS: A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIO- ISLAND. Keyso, Ruth Ann. Cornell University Press, 2000. NARY, 1922-1934. Liebman, Roy. McFarland, 2000. WOMEN PERFORMING MUSIC: THE EMERGING OF WOMEN AGEING: CHANGING IDENTITIES, CHALLENG- AMERICAN WOMEN AS INSTRUMENTALISTS AND ING MYTHS. Bernard, Miriam and others, eds. Routledge, 2000. CONDUCTORS. Macleod, Beth Abelson. McFarland, 2001. WOMEN AND DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE IN VICTORIAN WOMEN WORKING THE NAFTA FOOD CHAIN: WOMEN, POLITICAL FICTION. Johnston, Susan. Greenwood, 2001. FOOD AND GLOBALIZATION. Barndt, Deborah, ed. Second WOMEN AND LEADERSHIP. Sweetman, Caroline, ed. Oxfam, Story, 1999. 2000. WOMEN’S BODIES, WOMEN’S LIVES: HEALTH, WELL- WOMEN AND MENTAL HEALTH. Kohen, Dora, ed. Routledge, BEING AND BODY IMAGE. Miedema, Baukje and others, eds. 2000. Sumach, 2000. WOMEN AND POWER: FIGHTING PATRIARCHIES & THE WOMEN’S GREAT LAKES READER. Brehm, Victoria, ed. POVERTY. Townsend, Jane and others. Zed, 2000. Ladyslipper, 2000. WOMEN AND POWER IN THE MIDDLE EAST. Joseph, Suad WOMEN’S HEALTH ON THE INTERNET. Wood, M. Sandra and Slyomovics, Susan, eds. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. and Coggan, Janet M, eds. Haworth, 2000. WOMEN AND THE CITY: GENDER, SPACE, AND POWER WOMEN’S POLITICAL AND SOCIAL THOUGHT: AN IN BOSTON, 1870-1940. Deutsch, Sarah. Oxford University Press, ANTHOLOGY. Smith, Hilda L and Carroll, Berenice A, eds. Indiana 2000. University Press, 2001. WOMEN AUTHORS OF DETECTIVE SERIES: TWENTY ONE WOMEN WRITERS OF MEIJI AND TAISHO JAPAN: THEIR AMERICAN AND BRITISH WRITERS, 1900-2000. Reynolds, LIVES, WORKS AND CRITICAL RECEPTION, 1868-1926. Moira Davison. McFarland & Company, 2001. Tanaka, Yukiko. McFarland, 2000. WOMEN COLLEGE BASKETBALL COACHES. Skaine, THE WORLD’S WOMEN 2000: TRENDS AND STATISTICS. Rosemarie, fwd. by Betty F. Jaynes. McFarland & Company, 2001. United Nations. United Nations, 2000. WOMEN IN AFRICAN ECONOMIES: FROM BURNING SUN YOU’RE NOT FROM AROUND HERE, ARE YOU?: A LESBIAN TO BOARDROOM. Snyder, Margaret. Fountain; distr. African IN SMALL-TOWN AMERICA. Blum, Louise A. University of Books Collective, 2000. Wisconsin Press, 2001. WOMEN IN POLITICS: WORLD BIBLIOGRAPHY. Inter- YOUNG, WHITE, AND MISERABLE: GROWING UP FEMALE Parliamentary Union. 1999. IN THE FIFTIES. Breines, Wini. University of Chicago Press, 2001. WOMEN IN PUBLIC RELATIONS: HOW GENDER INFLU- ENCES PRACTICE. Grunig, Larissa A and others. Guilford Press/ Guilford Publications, Inc., 2001.

Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Page 55 SUPPLEMENT: INDEX TO FEMINIST COLLECTIONS, VOL. 22

Alice, Lynne, “A Cutting Edge: Australian Feminist Writing in “Feminist Publishing,” vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, p.24. Review” [book review], vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, pp.1–5. Fernandez, Teresa, “Items of Note,” vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/ Alsgaard, Melissa, “Digital Feminism: Reaching Women Summer 2001, pp.49–51. Through Web-Based Courses,” vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, “Friendship (Like Sisterhood) Is Powerful” [book review], by pp.22–24. Helen M. Bannan, vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/Summer 2001, Apple, Rima, “The Puzzle of Modern Motherhood” [book pp.9–12. review], vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, pp.9–11. “From the Editors,” by JoAnne Lehman and Phyllis Holman Bannan, Helen M., “Friendship (Like Sisterhood) Is Powerful” Weisbard, vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, p.ii [editorial transi- [book review], vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/Summer 2001, tion]; vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, p.ii; vol.22, nos.3–4, p.ii pp.9–12. [Islam, women, feminism]. Barribeau, Susan, “Corresponding Women: Heap–Reynolds Gerster, Carole, “Women in Independent Film and Video: A and Stein–Toklas” [book review], vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/ History” [book/video review], vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/ Summer 2001, pp.13–14. Summer 2001, pp.23–26. “Behind the Scenes in a Digitization Project,” by Ruth Ann Ghavamshahidi, Zohreh, “Islam and Feminism: In Search of Jones, vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, pp.14–16. Compatibility” [book review], vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/ Berg, Eliana, [one title in] “New Reference Works in Women’s Summer 2001, pp.1–5. Studies,” vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/Summer 2001, p.41. Gordon, Beverly, “World Wide Web Review: Museums Boere, Marianne, “Treasures of the Women’s Movement,” Relating to Women,” vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, pp.17– vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, pp.19–21. 19. Brown, Terry, “Women and Economics on the Global Scene: Graupner, Eunice, “Women and the World of Business” [book A Review of Films” [video review], vol.22, no.1, Fall review], vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, pp.1–3. 2000, pp.15–18. Green, Catherine, “Her Vision Survives: Two Films About “Childhoods Stolen: The Plight of Girls Worldwide” [video Audre Lorde” [video review], vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/ review], by Patrice Petro, vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/Summer Summer 2001, pp.18–20. 2001, pp.21–22. Hamdy, Sherine, “North American Muslim Women Voice “Computer Talk,” by Linda Shult, vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, Their Concerns” [book review], vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/ pp.25–27; by JoAnne Lehman, vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, Summer 2001, pp.5–8. pp.20–23; vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/Summer 2001, pp.30– “Her Vision Survives: Two Films About Audre Lorde” [video 34. review], by Catherine Green, vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/ “Constructing the Mothering Experience: Videos on Mother- Summer 2001, pp.18–20. hood” [video review], by Valerie Mannis, vol.22, no.1, Fall “Islam and Feminism: In Search of Compatibility” [book 2000, pp.12–14. review], by Zohreh Ghavamshahidi, vol.22, nos.3–4, “Corresponding Women: Heap–Reynolds and Stein–Toklas” Spring/Summer 2001, pp.1–5. [book review], by Susan Barribeau, vol.22, nos.3–4, “Items of Note,” by Jennifer Kitchak, vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, Spring/Summer 2001, pp.13–14. p.37; by Ann Lauf & JoAnne Lehman, vol.22, no.2, “A Cutting Edge: Australian Feminist Writing in Review” Winter 2001, pp.40–41; by Teresa Fernandez, vol.22, [book review], by Lynne Alice, vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, nos.3–4, Spring/Summer 2001, pp.49–51. pp.1–5. Kitchak, Jennifer, [one title in] “New Reference Works in “Digital Feminism: Reaching Women Through Web-Based Women’s Studies,” vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, p.29. Courses,” by Melissa Alsgaard, vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, Kitchak, Jennifer, “Items of Note,” vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, pp.22–24. p.37. Edmonds, Michael, [one title in] “New Reference Works in Lauf, Ann, & JoAnne Lehman, “Items of Note,” vol.22, no.2, Women’s Studies,” vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, p.28. Winter 2001, pp.40–41. Lehman, JoAnne, “Computer Talk,” vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, pp.20–23; vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/Summer 2001, pp.30–34.

Page 56 Feminist Collections (v.22, nos.3-4, Spring/Summer 2001) Lehman, JoAnne, “Periodical Notes,” vol.22, no.2, Winter Vu Anh Le, “Women, Suffering, and History: Vietnam War 2001, pp.35–39; vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/Summer 2001, Films” [video review], vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, pp.11– pp.46–48. 13. Loch-Wouters, Marge, “Strong Roles for Women and Girls” Weisbard, Phyllis Holman, “New Reference Works in [book review], vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, pp.7–10. Women’s Studies,” vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, pp.28–32; Loewenstein, Jennifer, “Women in Islam: Four Films” [video vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, pp.25–34; vol.22, nos.3–4, review], vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/Summer 2001, pp.15–17. Spring/Summer 2001, pp.35–45. Mannis, Valerie, “Constructing the Mothering Experience: “Women and Economics on the Global Scene: A Review of Videos on Motherhood” [video review], vol.22, no.1, Fall Films” [video review], by Terry Brown, vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, pp.12–14. 2000, pp.15–18. Mulligan-Hansel, Kathleen, “Women in International Politics” “Women and the World of Business” [book review], by Eunice [book review], vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, pp.6–8. Graupner, vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, pp.1–3. “New Reference Works in Women’s Studies,” by Phyllis “Women in International Politics” [book review], by Kathleen Holman Weisbard, vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, pp.28–32; Mulligan-Hansel, vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, pp.6–8. vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, pp.25–34; vol.22, nos.3–4, “Women in Islam: Four Films” [video review], by Jennifer Spring/Summer 2001, pp.35–45. Loewenstein, vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/Summer 2001, “North American Muslim Women Voice Their Concerns” pp.15–17. [book review], by Sherine Hamdy, vol.22, nos.3–4, “Women Map the World: The Making of a Database,” by Spring/Summer 2001, pp.5–8. Tilly Vriend, vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/Summer 2001, “Periodical Notes,” by Linda Shult, vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, pp.27–29. pp.33–36; by JoAnne Lehman, vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, “Women in Independent Film and Video: A History” [book/ pp.35–39; vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/Summer 2001, pp.46– video review], by Carole Gerster, vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/ 48. Summer 2001, pp.23–26. Petro, Patrice, “Childhoods Stolen: The Plight of Girls “Women, Suffering, and History: Vietnam War Films” [video Worldwide” [video review], vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/ review], by Vu Anh Le, vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, pp.11– Summer 2001, pp.21–22. 13. “The Puzzle of Modern Motherhood” [book review], by Rima “World Wide Web Review: Museums Relating to Women,” by Apple, vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, pp.9–11. Beverly Gordon, vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, pp.17–19. Rosneck, Karen, [one title in] “New Reference Works in Women’s Studies,” vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/Summer 2001, p.38. Shult, Linda, “Computer Talk,” vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, pp.25–27. Shult, Linda, “Periodical Notes,” vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, pp.33–36. “Strong Roles for Women and Girls” [book review], by Marge Loch-Wouters, vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, pp.7–10. Takata, Susan R., “Voices from Inside Prison Walls” [book review], vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, pp.4–7. “Treasures of the Women’s Movement,” by Marianne Boere, vol.22, no.1, Fall 2000, pp.19–21. “Voices from Inside Prison Walls” [book review], by Susan R. Takata, vol.22, no.2, Winter 2001, pp.4–7. Vriend, Tilly, “Women Map the World: The Making of a Database,” vol.22, nos.3–4, Spring/Summer 2001, pp.27– 29.

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