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4273 Mechanisms of Policy Change Inside International
Angelos Angelou LSE| European Institute Word count: 4,273 Mechanisms of policy change inside International Organizations during times of crisis: Evidence from the cooperation of the Troika institutions vis-à-vis the handling of the Greek debt Abstract This note will establish that the observed mechanisms of policy change inside the EC and the ECB vis-à-vis the handling of the Greek debt disconfirm certain central theoretical expectations of the policy change literature. By juxtaposing the most basic theoretical insights of the policy change research with a new dataset that describes the interactions of the Troika institutions regarding the handling of the Greek debt we will establish that the mode of change inside the two European institutions was unexpected and puzzling from a theoretical point of view. The study of such a failed most-likely case will provide detailed insights regarding the processes of change inside IOs during times of crisis and will allow us to modify the respective hypotheses of the policy change literature. Introduction The Eurozone bailouts have been a matter of extensive academic and political discussion. One of the less examined aspects of the crisis is the cooperation between the three organizations that undertook the drafting and the daily management of the programs. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), the European Commission (EC) and the European Central Bank (ECB), created an ad hoc body, the Troika that operated as the directorate and the meditator via which the debtors coordinated with their creditors. This note will use one of the numerous disagreements that arose during this cooperation in order to study the process of policy change inside the three Troika bodies. -
Calendar of Benoît Cœuré, November 2016 1
Calendar of Benoît Cœuré Member of the ECB's Executive Board November 2016 Meeting / Event Date (incl. topic / meeting participants, as applicable) Location Tuesday, 1 November Meeting with HSBC, on global economic and financial Frankfurt developments Wednesday, 2 November Banking Industry Dialogue ECB Meeting with high-level independent evaluator of past ECB European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) and European Stability Mechanism (ESM) financial assistance programmes, Ms Gertrude Tumpel-Gugerell, on ex post evaluation of EFSF and ESM programmes Governing Council ECB Thursday, 3 November Meeting with Morgan Stanley, on developments in the ECB European Union Europe on Credit Series, organised by Harvard Universityʼs Cambridge, Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies – keynote MA address on “Sovereign debt in the euro area: too safe or too risky?” Friday, 4 November Meeting with Harvard University, on research on monetary Cambridge, policy and financial regulation MA Sunday, 6 November Meeting with US Federal Reserve System, Ms Janet Basel Yellen, and Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Mr William C. Dudley, on global economic and financial developments Monday, 7 November Bank for International Settlements (BIS) – bi-monthly Basel meetings Eurogroup Brussels Tuesday, 8 November Executive Board ECB Meeting with Mr Vivien Lévy-Garboua, on a project for the ECB French Treasury on post-trade activities in Europe Calendar of Benoît Cœuré, November 2016 1 Meeting with media Frankfurt Wednesday, 9 November Meeting with media Lyons Les -
AHEPA Steamed About White House GID Event NYC Mayor Holds Greek
O C V ΓΡΑΦΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ Bringing the news ΤΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ to generations of ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 1915 The National Herald Greek Americans A WEEKLY GREEK AMERICAN PUBLICATION c v www.thenationalherald.com VOL. 12, ISSUE 599 April 4, 2009 $1.25 GREECE: 1.75 EURO AHEPA Steamed About White House GID Event Ike Gulas Sends Letter to Obama Criticizing “Gatekeepers,” Andy Athens Issues Response By Evan C. Lambrou Special to The National Herald NEW YORK – Most Greek Ameri- cans would agree that the annual White House ceremony commemo- rating Greek Independence Day is a very special event. Community leaders emphasize that it is an hon- or for the President of the United States to issue a proclamation rec- ognizing the significance of Greek Independence Day each year, and to be able to meet with him at the White House on that day. But while there is consensus about those things, there is also sharp disagreement about the way the event has been handled over the years. Some people feel exclud- ed. Case in point: AHEPA, the coun- try’s oldest and largest civic organi- zation of Hellenic heritage, typical- ly sends a contingent of at least five each year, and often up to 8-12. It did not get to seat as many people at this year’s event, held in the East Room of the White House just last AHEPA President Ike Gulas New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg addresses the audience during a reception he hosted at Gracie Mansion in New York City for the 188th an- week. niversary of Greek Independence on Monday, March 30, 2009. -
Pfizer's Bourla
No. 3985 December 13, 2019 line success and business development. “In the next two years, we need to see how the pipeline is delivering,” he said. Bourla has been outspoken that when it comes to business development, he doesn’t see a mega-merger on the hori- zon. Instead, he said he is looking to bring in mid-stage clinical development assets to complement the internal pipeline. It sounds like investors can expect the company to be active on the business development front within those guard- rails. “I want to double it,” he said of the pipeline, which includes 92 projects right now. “And, we are going to double it by bringing in a lot of innovation to comple- ment what we distribute.” The company is focusing business de- velopment on six core therapeutic areas Pfizer’s Bourla: “I Think We Forgot as well, but Bourla indicated the company will be actively building out those areas both through internal investment and What It Looks Like To Grow” external collaboration. “We’re going to be JESSICA MERRILL [email protected] active because Pfizer is a very big plane and it cannot fly with one engine,” he said. fizer Inc. CEO Albert Bourla took in July it will merge the Upjohn business Bourla highlighted Pfizer’s recent acqui- over the top leadership spot from with Mylan NV to form a new generic drug sition of the cancer specialist Array Bio- PIan Read a year ago, but has quickly company to be called Viatris GMBH. Pharma for $11.4bn as an example of the executed on big changes poised to make The resulting Pfizer will be significantly kinds of deals the company will be pursu- Pfizer significantly smaller and faster smaller, with a 2020 annual revenue base ing. -
Gender Stereotypes and Media Bias in Women's
Gender Stereotypes and Media Bias in Women’s Campaigns for Executive Office: The 2009 Campaign of Dora Bakoyannis for the Leadership of Nea Dimokratia in Greece by Stefanos Oikonomou B.A. in Communications and Media Studies, February 2010, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens A Thesis submitted to The Faculty of College of Professional Studies of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Professional Studies August 31, 2014 Thesis directed by Michael Cornfield Associate Professor of Political Management Acknowledgments I would like to thank my parents, Stella Triantafullopoulou and Kostas Oikonomou, to whom this work is dedicated, for their continuous love, support, and encouragement and for helping me realize my dreams. I would also like to thank Chrysanthi Hatzimasoura and Philip Soucacos, for their unyielding friendship, without whom this work would have never been completed. Finally, I wish to express my gratitude to Professor Michael Cornfield for his insights and for helping me cross the finish line; Professor David Ettinger for his guidance during the first stage of this research and for helping me adjust its scope; and the Director of Academic Administration at The Graduate School of Political Management, Suzanne Farrand, for her tremendous generosity and understanding throughout this process. ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………..ii List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………….vi List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………….vii -
State Transformation and the European Integration Project Lessons from the Financial Crisis and the Greek Paradigm Evangelos Venizelos No
State Transformation and the European Integration Project Lessons from the financial crisis and the Greek paradigm Evangelos Venizelos No. 130/February 2016 Abstract The financial crisis that erupted in the eurozone not only affected the EU’s financial governance mechanisms, but also the very nature of state sovereignty and balances in the relations of member states; thus, the actual inequalities between the member states hidden behind their institutional equality have deteriorated. This transformation is recorded in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the member states’ constitutional courts, particularly in those at the heart of the crisis, with Greece as the most prominent example. It is the issue of public debt (sovereign debt) of the EU member states that particularly reflects the influence of the crisis on state sovereignty as well as the intensely transnational (intergovernmental) character of European integration, which under these circumstances takes the form of a continuous, tough negotiation. The historical connection between public debt (sovereign debt) and state sovereignty has re-emerged because of the financial crisis. This development has affected not only the European institutions, but also, at the member state level, the actual institutional content of the rule of law (especially judicial review) and the welfare state in its essence, as the great social and political acquis of 20th century Europe. From this perspective, the way that the Greek courts have dealt with the gradual waves of fiscal austerity measures and structural reforms from 2010 to 2015 is characteristic. The effect of the financial crisis on the sovereignty of the member states and on the pace of European integration also has an impact on European foreign and security policy, and the correlations between the political forces at both the national and European level, thus producing even more intense pressures on European social democracy. -
Election and Aftermath
Order Code RS20575 Updated June 9, 2000 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Greece: Election and Aftermath (name redacted) Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary Prime Minister Simitis of Greece called an early election for April 9, 2000 because he believed that his government’s achievement in meeting the criteria for entry into the European Monetary Union (EMU) would return his PanHellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) party to power. PASOK’s narrow victory endorsed Simitis’s decision, but the opposition New Democracy’s (ND) strong showing also validated Costas Karamanlis’s leadership of that party. The election continued a trend toward bipolarism, as votes for smaller parties, except for the Communists, declined appreciably. Simitis reappointed most key members of his previous government, and brought in close allies and technocrats to carry out a revitalized domestic agenda. In foreign policy, the government will try to continue the Greek-Turkish rapprochement, to help stabilize the Balkans, and to move closer to Europe through the EMU and the European Security and Defense Policy. Greek-U.S. relations are warm, but intermittently troubled by differences over the future of the former Yugoslavia, terrorism and counterterrorism in Greece, and minor issues. This report will be updated if developments warrant. Introduction1 On February 4, 2000, Prime Minister Costas Simitis called an early election for April 9, six months before his government’s term was to expire. On March 9, parliament reelected President Costas Stephanopoulos and Greece applied for membership in the European Monetary Union (EMU) single currency zone. -
How Jews Change the World - the Jerusalem Post
1/7/2021 How Jews change the world - The Jerusalem Post Jerusalem Post > Opinion How Jews change the world It comes as no surprise that two Jews, Bourla and Zaks, are spearheading two COVID- 19 vaccines to which many may one day soon owe their lives. By SHLOMO MAITAL DECEMBER 22, 2020 12:28 8000 British author Norman Lebrecht faces the media holding his Whitbread Book of the Year Award entry, 'The Song of Names,' in London in 2003. (photo credit: REUTERS) Advertisement ~ Listen to this article now \l:V 09:18 Powered by Trinity Audio https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/how-jews-change-the-world-652199 1/6 1/7/2021 How Jews change the world - The Jerusalem Post Report~ A Greek Jew, two Turkish-born Germans, a Lebanese Armenian and an Israeli walk into a bar. Actually - not a bar, but a research lab. And it's not a joke. It's about brilliant people, all of them emigres, some Jewish, whose vaccines will hopefully save countless lives in Israel and the world. And there is a back story - about a century of Jewish genius that changed the world. It is recounted brilliantly by Norman Lebrecht, a British journalist and novelist, and graduate of Bar-llan University, in his book Genius and Anxiety: HowJews Changed the World, 1847-1947. Let's begin with the vaccine. On Friday, November 13, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu signed a deal with the giant US pharmaceutical company Pfizer to purchase millions of coronavirus vaccine doses. It was only days after Pfizer announced clinical trials showed the vaccine was 90% effective at preventing COVID-19. -
Psaros, Mehiel Speak Exclusively to TNH on St. Nicholas Nicholas Fundraising Efforts Shrine Underway to Church Complete the Church by Theodore Kalmoukos
Enjoy our Greek American Weddings Annual Special Insert S BRINGING THE NEWS W TO GENERATIONS OF ND E GREEK- AMERICANS The National Herald 2an 2 ni versary N A WEEKLY GREEK-AMERICAN PUBLICATION 1997-2019 VOL. 23, ISSUE 1165 www.thenationalherald.com February 8-14 , 2020 www. ekirikas .com $1.50 Saving St. Psaros, Mehiel Speak Exclusively to TNH on St. Nicholas Nicholas Fundraising efforts Shrine underway to Church complete the church By Theodore Kalmoukos Time for Greek- BOSTON – The construction the St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Americans to do Church and National Shrine has already resumed according to all we can Dennis Mehiel and Michael Psaros, chairman and vice chair - Commentary man, respectively, of Friends of By Nicholas Gage St. Nicholas, who spoke to The National Herald during an ex - No one has been more dis - clusive and extensive interview. heartened than I have been by They also said that “the net the unfortunate fate of the St. cost” to complete the Church, Nicholas Shrine at Ground Zero, interior and exterior, is $42 mil - which should have been fin - lion, and they spoke about the ished two years ago at half the fundraising efforts that are un - cost of what it will now take to derway. complete it. When we asked if any finan - Everyone who contributed to cial irregularities took place dur - the delays and the ballooning ing the first phase of the project costs – from the incompetent and if so, by whom, Mehiel and managers of the project at the Psaros said “this is the final time Archdiocese to the slew of we will address this subject. -
Athens News Agency 5.05.14
Monday, 5 May 2014 Issue No: 4648 PM Samaras: Greece is breaking its chains with the past Prime Minister Antonis Samaras has said in an article published in Sunday’s edition “To Vima” newspaper that a new Greece is emerging by breaking its "shell" and its chains with the past. The premier refers to inherent problems of the past which kept Greece back to “old-fashioned mentalities and distortions, which maintained a false growth on borrowed money,” adding that a “shell” had been obstructing the country to move forward. ”This shell is now breaking. And the country and people’s great abilities are being released,” the premier stresses, launching an attack on those forces which, as he puts it, are still fiercely resisting because they do not want Greece to move ahead to the future. Samaras said that the main opposition SYRIZA party wanted Greece to return to the crisis that is now being left behind, and to see the country in an instable condition, internationally isolated and divided. The premier charged SYRIZA of making efforts to exert ideological terrorism and divide the society, as “they are trying to ethically castigate as ‘extreme right’ or ‘neo-liberal’ all views which are opposed to theirs.” NERIT broadcaster starting programme as of 18:00 on Sunday The New Greek Radio, Internet and Television (NERIT) broadcaster started its programme as of 18:00 on Sunday with a new news bulletin, a Greek and a foreign film and a sports programme. According to NERIT's president, about 11 months after the closure of the ERT broadcaster and the transitional Public Television channel the countdown will begin shortly before 18:00 with a "modest ceremony". -
GES 2020 SENT 10Th TEMPLATE for SPEAKERS BIOS PP NOV. 1-12-20 VER 10
Simos Anastasopoulos is a graduate of the Department of Electrical Engineering of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), and holds a Master’s of Science Degree in Mechanical/Automotive Engineering from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. He has worked for two years for General Motors Corporation as a development Engineer at the Milford Proving Ground. Since 2002 he had Been the Managing Director of the company and in 2013 was named Chairman and CEO of PETSIAVAS S.A. Since July 2020, he is President of Associations of S.A. & Limited LiaBility Companies. He is the elected President of the Council on Competitiveness of Greece, since its foundation in 2018. He is also a member of the Board of the Pan-Hellenic Association of Pharmaceutical Industries and a memBer of the General Council of SEV Hellenic Federation of Enterprises. Since June 2019, he is President Emeritus of Simos Anastasopoulos the American-Hellenic ChamBer of Commerce after a tenure of 6 years as the elected President. President Simos Anastasopoulos was Born in Athens in 1957, is married to Peggy Petsiavas and has two daughters. The Council on Competitiveness of Greece (CompeteGR) Born in 1961, Dimitris Andriopoulos has significant experience in the real estate, tourism, shipping and food industries. For more than 30 years he has been the head of major operations and projects in Greece and abroad for Intracom, Elliniki Technodomiki - Teb, Superfast Ferries and McDonald's. Since 2005 Mr. Dimitris Andriopoulos is the main shareholder and Chief Executive Officer of Dimand SA, an Athens based leading property and development company specializing in sustainable (LEED Gold) office developments and urban regeneration projects. -
Pfizer and Biontech Announce Collaboration with Biovac to Manufacture and Distribute COVID-19 Vaccine Doses Within Africa
Pfizer and BioNTech Announce Collaboration with Biovac to Manufacture and Distribute COVID-19 Vaccine Doses within Africa July 21, 2021 NEW YORK and MAINZ, GERMANY, July 21, 2021 — Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE) and BioNTech SE (Nasdaq: BNTX) today announced the signing of a letter of intent with The Biovac Institute (Pty) Ltd, known as “Biovac”, a Cape Town-based, South African biopharmaceutical company, to manufacture the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for distribution within the African Union. Biovac will perform manufacturing and distribution activities within Pfizer’s and BioNTech’s global COVID-19 vaccine supply chain and manufacturing network, which will now span three continents and include more than 20 manufacturing facilities. To facilitate Biovac’s involvement in the process, technical transfer, on-site development and equipment installation activities will begin immediately. Pfizer and BioNTech expect that Biovac’s Cape Town facility will be incorporated into the vaccine supply chain by the end of 2021. Biovac will obtain drug substance from facilities in Europe, and manufacturing of finished doses will commence in 2022. At full operational capacity, the annual production will exceed 100 million finished doses annually. All doses will exclusively be distributed within the 55 member states that make up the African Union. “From day one, our goal has been to provide fair and equitable access of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to everyone, everywhere,” said Albert Bourla, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Pfizer. “Our latest collaboration with Biovac is a shining example of the tireless work being done, in this instance to benefit Africa. We will continue to explore and pursue opportunities to bring new partners into our supply chain network, including in Latin America, to further accelerate access of COVID-19 vaccines.” “We aim to enable people on all continents to manufacture and distribute our vaccine while ensuring the quality of the manufacturing process and the doses,” said Ugur Sahin, M.D., CEO and Co-founder of BioNTech.