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Slug: an Emerging Menace in Agriculture: a Review
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2020; 8(4): 01-06 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 www.entomoljournal.com Slug: An emerging menace in agriculture: A JEZS 2020; 8(4): 01-06 © 2020 JEZS review Received: 01-05-2020 Accepted: 03-06-2020 Partha Pratim Gyanudoy Das, Badal Bhattacharyya, Sudhansu Partha Pratim Gyanudoy Das All India Network Project on Bhagawati, Elangbam Bidyarani Devi, Nang Sena Manpoong and K Soil Arthropod Pests, Sindhura Bhairavi Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India Abstract Most of the terrestrial slugs are potential threat to agriculture across the globe. Their highly adaptive Badal Bhattacharyya nature helps them to survive in both temperate and tropical climates which is one of the major reasons of All India Network Project on its abundant species diversity. It is not only a severe problem in different seedlings of nursery and Soil Arthropod Pests, orchards, also a worry factor for the seeds of legumes sown in furrows. The whitish slimy mucus Department of Entomology, generated by this pest makes the flower and vegetables unfit for sale. However, despite of its euryphagic Assam Agricultural University, nature, very few works have been carried out on slug morphology, biology, ecology, taxonomy and its Jorhat, Assam, India management in India. This review article tries to integrate the information of economically important slug species of the world as well as India, their bio-ecology, nature of damage, favorable factors with Sudhansu Bhagawati special emphasis on eco-friendly management tactics of this particular gastropod pest. All India Network Project on Soil Arthropod Pests, Keywords: Slug, euryphagic, bio-ecology, management, gastropod pest Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India Introduction With a number of 80,000 to 135,000 members, mollusc ranks second largest invertebrate Elangbam Bidyarani Devi group in the world, out of which 1129 species of terrestrial molluscs are found in India [1, 2, 3]. -
Record of the Brown Slug, Mariella Dussumieri Gray, 1855 (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae) in Marigold (Tagetes Sp.)
Current Biotica 8(2):183-186, 2014 ISSN 0973-4031 Research Communication Record of the brown slug, Mariella dussumieri Gray, 1855 (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae) in marigold (Tagetes sp.) S. Onkara Naik, M. Jayashankar, V. Sridhar and A. K. Chakravarthy* Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru – 5600 89, Karnataka, India *E-mail: [email protected] Malacofauna have increasingly The incidence was observed for the drawn attention of pest managers in recent second year and a two fold increase in the times due to their emergence as agri- density of slugs with damage to crops was horticultural pests (Barker, 2002). Snails and observed. Feeding damage up to 30% loss slugs as pests on ornamental and agri- was recorded in young plants (n=60 plants) horticultural crops have been reported in in 2013 compared to 15 % loss (n=60 Bengaluru and Kolar, South India plants) observed during 2012. Feeding by (Jayashankar et al., 2010; Sridhar et al., slugs on buds, flowers, growing shoot tips 2012). The brown slug, Mariella dussumieri and foliage was recorded (Fig.1 & 2). The Gray, 1855 (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae) is mucus secreted by slug crawling on apical reported feeding voraciously on the shoots had dried forming a silvery slime, succulent buds and leaves of vanilla plants distinguishing from insect damage and this in the Western Ghats (Mavinkurve et al., unsightly slime trails reduced marketability 2004). It is reported to be pestiferous on of flowers. Slugs continued to be active at coffee in South India (Bhat and Shamanna, night and on cloudy, rainy days. -
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Rec. zool. Surv. India: 105 (Part 1-2) : 83-95, 2005 CHECKLIST OF TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA RAJENDRA, G. MAVINKURVE, SANDHYA, P., P. SHANBHAG AND N. A. MADHYASTHA* Malacology Centre, Poornaprajna College, Udupi-576 101, Karnataka, India E-mail: [email protected];[email protected]; sps [email protected] INTRODUCTION Molluscs fonn an important constituent of leaf litter and soil biota. They are an ideal group for monitoring site specific environmental impact assessment studies because of their limited migration patterns. Majority of them remain undiscovered or under described, partly because of insufficient exploration and partly because of their often minute sizes (Emberton, 1995). Unfortunately, for the last 75 years or so, in South India, no attention has been paid for this important group with exceptions of some localized reviews and publications [(Tonapi and Mulhekar, 1963; Tonapi 1971; Subba Rao and Mitra, 1979, 1986; Madhyastha et ai., 2003, 2005; Mavinkurve et ai., 2004a, (in press); Sandhya et ai., (submitted)]. The works of Ramanan (1900) and Sathyamurthi (1960) are the preliminary source for those interested in the terrestrial molluscs of Tamil Nadu. This work is in continuation of the checklist for the land snails of the southern states that is being fonnulated (Mavinkurve et al., 2004b). STUDY AREA Situated on the southeastern side of the Indian peninsula, the state of Tamil Nadu has an area of 130,058 sq Ian. The landmass of the state can be divided into two natural divisions: (i) The eastern coastal plain (ii) The hilly region along the north and the west. Along the whole length of the western part, at a distance from the sea varying from 80 to 160 km runs the Western Ghats range, a steep and rugged mass averaging 1220 metres above the sea level. -
Stylommatophora: Ariophantidae
Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 2231-6345 (Online) An Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jls.htm 2013 Vol. 3 (4) October-December, pp.10-13/Deepak et al. Research Article STUDIES ON THE MORPHOMETRY OF THE TERRESTRIAL SLUG MARIELLA DUSSUMIERI GRAY (STYLOMMATOPHORA: ARIOPHANTIDAE) Deepak P.¹, Alexander R.1, Jayashankar M.2 and *Ramakrishna S.1 1Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore-560 056 2Department of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore-560 089 *Author for Correspondence ABSTRACT The present study reports the morphometric studies on an endemic terrestrial pulmonate slug, Mariaella dussumieri Gray (Stylommatophora: Ariophantidae) from Bangalore. The individuals (N=26) were collected from Hebbal forest department nursery, Bangalore north taluk and subjected to traditional morphometry to analyse the intra population variation. Significant positive correlation was obtained between the parameters, length-circumference (0.959); length-live weight (0.787) and circumference-live weight (0.761). Fitted regression equation was obtained for the species considering two sets of morphometric variables viz., length and circumference; live weight and length, (Y = 0.540 x + 2.589, R2 = 0.919) and (Y =0.056 x – 1.009, R2 = 0.619) respectively. Co-occurring terrestrial malacofauna include, Achatina fulica (Bowdich), Cryptozona bistralis (beck), Macrochlamys indica Godwin-Austen, Laevicaulis alte (Ferrussac) and Glessula bravis (Pfeiffer). Key Words: Mariaella Dussumieri, Nursery, Bangalore, Length, Circumference, Live Weight INTRODUCTION The terrestrial slug, Mariella dussumieri (Gray, 1855) (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae) is reported as endemic to Karnataka (Mavinkurve et al., 2004) and reported to infest vanilla plants by feeding voraciously on the succulent buds and leaves in the Western Ghats. -
Gastropod Diversity with Physico-Chemical Characteristics Of
International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies 2017; 4(1): 15-21 ISSN 2347-2677 IJFBS 2017; 4(1): 15-21 Received: 04-11-2016 Gastropod diversity with physico-chemical Accepted: 05-12-2016 characteristics of water and soil in selected areas of Smitha Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka, India Entomology Division, UPASI, Tea Research Institute, TRF, Nirar, Dam, (po), Valparai, Coimbatore District, Tamil Smitha and Mustak MS Nadu, India Abstract Mustak MS A study on population dynamics of freshwater and terrestrial gastropods and also physico-chemical Dept of Applied Zoology, characteristics of soil and water was studied during October 2008 to November 2009 at Mangalore, Mangalore University, Bantwal and Puttur taluks of Dakshina Kannada. Gastropods were collected using the traditional method Mangalagangotri, Mangalore, of handpicking and mean values of all the studied sites were taken to determine the density, frequency Karnataka, India and abundance of these species. The physico-chemical characteristics of water and soil in the selected areas were analyzed using standard methods. Thirteen species of terrestrial gastropods belonging to six families and 6 species of freshwater gastropods belonging to five different families were observed and identified. Shannon diversity indices and Simpson’s indices revealed the species richness and diversity were maximum at Mangalore when compared to the other two study locations. The value of physico- chemical parameters indicates that there was a moderate positive relation with the population dynamics of gastropods. Keywords: Gastropod, population dynamics, Shannon diversity, water and soil quality 1. Introduction Molluscans constitute the second largest invertebrates and the most successful group next only [5] to insects (Bouchet, 1992) . -
Prevalence of Ariophantid and Helicarionid Gastropod Mollusks In
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2021; 9(1): 1966-1971 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Prevalence of Ariophantid and Helicarionid www.entomoljournal.com JEZS 2021; 9(1): 1966-1971 gastropod mollusks in pastures for sheep at © 2021 JEZS Received: 26-10-2020 Mannavanur, Palani hill ranges, Tamil Nadu, Accepted: 11-12-2020 India Govindasamy Nagarajan Senior Scientist, Southern Regional Research Centre (ICAR-Central Sheep and Govindasamy Nagarajan, Rajavelu Venkitesan and Pachaiyappan Wool Research Institute), Kuppachari Mannavanur, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Rajavelu Venkitesan Southern Regional Research Centre (SRRC), a regional centre of ICAR- Central Sheep and Wool Southern Regional Centre, Research Institute (ICAR-CSWRI), at Mannavanur, Tamil Nadu, maintains synthetic breeds of Sheep Zoological Survey of India, (Bharat Merino and Avikalin) and broiler rabbits (major breeds- White Giant and Soviet Chinchilla). Santhome High Road, Sheep are accompanied by graziers into the pasture area nearby reserve forest and they noticed some Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India snails and slugs are crawling in the pasture area of sheep. These specimens were collected by graziers during September 2018 and July 2020 from the pasture area. Three species of gastropods were identified Pachaiyappan Kuppachari as Mariaella beddomei, Pseudaustenia atra and Ariophanta basileus. Effect of the usage on the ideal Southern Regional Research control methods of these molluscan species, restriction of sheep grazing in the pasture area during the Centre (ICAR-Central Sheep and rainy seasons, vector potential of these molluscan species in the spread of Dicrocoeliosis and lung worm Wool Research Institute), Mannavanur, Kodaikanal, infections among sheep and Periodical deworming of both sheep & rabbits using the suitable Tamil Nadu, India anthemintics were dealt. -
Snail and Slug Dissection Tutorial: Many Terrestrial Gastropods Cannot Be
IDENTIFICATION OF AGRICULTURALLY IMPORTANT MOLLUSCS TO THE U.S. AND OBSERVATIONS ON SELECT FLORIDA SPECIES By JODI WHITE-MCLEAN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2012 1 © 2012 Jodi White-McLean 2 To my wonderful husband Steve whose love and support helped me to complete this work. I also dedicate this work to my beautiful daughter Sidni who remains the sunshine in my life. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my committee chairman, Dr. John Capinera for his endless support and guidance. His invaluable effort to encourage critical thinking is greatly appreciated. I would also like to thank my supervisory committee (Dr. Amanda Hodges, Dr. Catharine Mannion, Dr. Gustav Paulay and John Slapcinsky) for their guidance in completing this work. I would like to thank Terrence Walters, Matthew Trice and Amanda Redford form the United States Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - Plant Protection and Quarantine (USDA-APHIS-PPQ) for providing me with financial and technical assistance. This degree would not have been possible without their help. I also would like to thank John Slapcinsky and the staff as the Florida Museum of Natural History for making their collections and services available and accessible. I also would like to thank Dr. Jennifer Gillett-Kaufman for her assistance in the collection of the fungi used in this dissertation. I am truly grateful for the time that both Dr. Gillett-Kaufman and Dr. -
Checklist of Terrestrial Gastropods of Kerala, India
Rec. zool. Surv. India: 105 (Part 1-2) : 73-81, 2005 CHECKLIST OF TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF KERALA, INDIA RAJENDRA, G. MAVINKURVE, SANDHYA, P. SHANBHAG AND N. A. MADHYASTHA* Malacology Centre, Poornaprajna College, Udupi-576 101, Karnataka, India E-mail: [email protected];[email protected];[email protected] INTRODUCTION Leaf litter and soil form an arena for diverse interactions in tropical rain forests. It harbours many minute organisms, which play an important role in nutrient recycling. Molluscs belong to this ecological niche forming the epigeic species, which live and feed on the soil surface. Unfortunately, for the last 75 years or so, in South India, no attention has been paid for this important group with exceptions of some localized reviews and publications (Satyamurthy, 1960; Tonapi and Mulhekar, 1963; Tonapi 1971; Subba Rao and Mitra, 1979, 1986; Madhyastha et al., 2003, 2005; Mavinkurve et al., 2004b, in press; Sandhya et al., submitted). This report is in continuation of the list of the land snails present in the southern states that is being formulated .(Mavinkurve et al., 2004a) so that it will be helpful for any worker in the future to file new reports and carry further ecological studies. KERALA STATE Kerala described, as gods own country having an area of 38,863 sq km is tucked away in the southwest corner of India. It is geographically divided into the· highlands, midlands and lowlands. The highlands slope down from the Western Ghats, which rise to an average height of 900 m, with a number of peaks well over 1,800 m in height. -
Deltometopus Williams, 1977, Mariaella Szelegiewicz, 1961 and Progonus Popov, 1986 (Homoptera)
436 _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 2, No. 2, June 2007__________ NEW SUBSTITUTE NAMES FOR THREE PREOCCUPIED HOMOPTERAN GENERA: DELTOMETOPUS WILLIAMS, 1977, MARIAELLA SZELEGIEWICZ, 1961 AND PROGONUS POPOV, 1986 (HOMOPTERA) Hüseyin Özdikmen* and Emine Demir* * Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 06500 Ankara, TÜRKİYE, e- mails: [email protected]; [email protected] [Özdikmen, H. & Demir, E. 2007. New substitute names for three preoccupied homopteran genera: Deltometopus Williams, 1977, Mariaella Szelegiewicz, 1961 and Progonus Popov, 1986 (Homoptera). Munis Entomology & Zoology 2 (2): 436-438] ABSTRACT: Three junior homonyms were detected amongst the homopteran genera and the following replacement names are proposed: Williamsus nom. nov. for Deltometopus Williams, 1977; Szelegiewicziana nom. nov. for Mariaella Szelegiewicz, 1961; Popovus nom. nov. for Progonus Popov, 1986. Accordingly, new combinations are herein proposed for the species currently included in these genera: Williamsus maculata (Williams, 1977) comb. nov. and Williamsus paryphiceps (Williams, 1977) comb. nov. from Deltometopus Williams, 1977; Szelegiewiczia lambersi (Szelegiewicz, 1961) comb. nov. from Mariaella Szelegiewicz, 1961; Popovus pygmaeus (Popov, 1986) comb. nov. and Popovus similis (Popov, 1986) comb. nov. from Progonus Popov, 1986. KEY WORDS: nomenclatural changes, homonymy, replacement names, Homoptera. Order Homoptera Suborder Auchenorrhyncha Family Achilidae Genus Williamsus nom. nov. Deltometopus Williams, 1977. J.nat.Hist. -
Descriptions of Few Land Molluscs from Kodagu District of Karnat Aka, India
OfZOO~OG.ICAL INDIA SURVEY .. "'1 ";i!f.-,"f :: .,~ .. .... ,.' -.» Rec. zool. Surv. India: 105 (Part 1-2): 117-125,2005 DESCRIPTIONS OF FEW LAND MOLLUSCS FROM KODAGU DISTRICT OF KARNAT AKA, INDIA RAJENDRA, G. MAVINKURVE, SANDHYA. P. SHANBHAG AND N.A. MADHYASTHA* Malacology Centre, Poornaprajna College, Udupi-576 101, Karnataka, India E-Inail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] INTRODUCTION Tropical rainforest floor forms the workshop of diverse interactions between various organisms. The interactions in majority of the cases result in cycling of energy and nutrients. The land snails form the epigeic species i. e., those which live and feed on the soil surface. They form an important link in the recycling chain decomposing the macro litter into microforms facilitating for the action. by microorganisms. In India, especially from the Western Ghats in Karnataka, land snails have been least worked out (Madhyastha et aI., 2002; Mavinkurve et aI., 2003, 2004 a, b; in press). The present report is from our collection from Kodagu district. The collection includes sixty-five examples forty of them have been identified to the species level with the remaining assigned their generic name. The system of Classification followed is that given in 'A Classification of Living Mollusca' (Vaught, 1989). The study assumes significance because about 9 out of the 23 families of land snails found in the Western Ghats (Madhyastha, 2002) are present in .this district. Descriptions of twelve of those identified at species level have been given below: Key to the Families 1. Shells with operculum ........................................................................................................... 2 Shells without operculum .............................................................................. :....................... 3 2. -
The Land Snails of Sharavathi Wildlife Sanctuary
Ree. zool. Surv. India: 104 (Part 1-2) : 123-131, 2005 THE LAND SNAILS OF SHARAVATHI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY RAJENDRA G. MAVINKURVE, SANDHYA P. SHANBHAG AND r~. A. MADHYASTHA* Malaeology Centre, Poornaprajna College; Udupi-576 101, Karnataka State, India E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] INTRODUCTION Leaf litter and soil of tropical rain forests have the earth's most diverse and endangered, yet least understood communities (Emberton et aI., 1996). Molluscs are an important constituent of this ecosystem, yet majority of them remain undiscover~d and under described, partly because of insufficient exploration and partly because of their often minute sizes (Emberton, 1995). In India, especially from the Western Ghats in Karnataka, land snails have been least worked out. The present report is from our collection from the Sharavathi Wildlife Sanctuary (I4°N & 74°24' E) with a total area of 431.23 sq. km, which includes the reservoir area (123.63 sq. lan.). The sanctuary was declared vide notification No. AFD. 70. FWL-71, in 1972 by the Govt. of Karnataka. The collection includes 22 examples 10 of which have been identified to the species level with the remaining been assigned to their generic name. The system of Classification followed is that given in "A Classification of Living Mollusca" (Vaught, 1989). The study assumes significance because of 10 out of the 23 families of land snails found in the Western Ghats (Madhyastha 2002) are present in this Sanctuary. Descriptions of ten of them identified at species level have been given below. Key to the Families 1. -
Soil Invertebrates of Southern India CAMP
Biodiversity Conservation Prioritisation Project (BCPP) India Endangered Species Project Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop REPORT 1998 Authored by the participants Edited by B.A. Daniel, Sanjay Molur and Sally Walker Published by Zoo Outreach Organisation Selected Soil Invertebrates of Southern India Hosted by the Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station, Chennai Chennai 24 -28 February, 1997 Zoo Outreach Organisation/ CBSG, India, 79 Bharati Colony, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India CITATION B.A. Daniel, Sanjay Molur & Sally Walker (eds.) (1998). Report of the Workshop “Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for selected soil invertebrates of southern India” (BCPP- Endangered Species Project), Zoo Outreach Organisation, Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, India, Coimbatore, India. 70 p. Report # 13. (1998) Zoo Outreach Organisation/ Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, India PB 1683, 79, Bharathi Colony, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India Ph: 91 (422) 57 10 87; Fax: 91 (422) 57 32 69; e-mail: [email protected] Cover design, typesetting and printing: Zoo Outreach Organisation Contents Selected Soil Invertebrates of Southern India Authors of the Report and participating institutions i-ii Sponsors and organisers iii Executive Summary 1-5 Summary Data Tables 7-12 Report 13-43 Taxon Data Sheets 35-70 Acknowledgement Dr. Ajith Kumar, Scientist, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, was Coordinator of the Endangered Species component of the Biodiversity Conservation Prioritisation Project and, as such, our Advisor and Guide for the workshops. We would like to acknowledge him for suggesting the CAMP process and IUCN Red List Criteria as a means of assessment at an early stage and ZOO/CBSG, India as a possible organiser of the workshops.