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Prevalence of Ariophantid and Helicarionid Gastropod Mollusks In Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2021; 9(1): 1966-1971 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Prevalence of Ariophantid and Helicarionid www.entomoljournal.com JEZS 2021; 9(1): 1966-1971 gastropod mollusks in pastures for sheep at © 2021 JEZS Received: 26-10-2020 Mannavanur, Palani hill ranges, Tamil Nadu, Accepted: 11-12-2020 India Govindasamy Nagarajan Senior Scientist, Southern Regional Research Centre (ICAR-Central Sheep and Govindasamy Nagarajan, Rajavelu Venkitesan and Pachaiyappan Wool Research Institute), Kuppachari Mannavanur, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Rajavelu Venkitesan Southern Regional Research Centre (SRRC), a regional centre of ICAR- Central Sheep and Wool Southern Regional Centre, Research Institute (ICAR-CSWRI), at Mannavanur, Tamil Nadu, maintains synthetic breeds of Sheep Zoological Survey of India, (Bharat Merino and Avikalin) and broiler rabbits (major breeds- White Giant and Soviet Chinchilla). Santhome High Road, Sheep are accompanied by graziers into the pasture area nearby reserve forest and they noticed some Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India snails and slugs are crawling in the pasture area of sheep. These specimens were collected by graziers during September 2018 and July 2020 from the pasture area. Three species of gastropods were identified Pachaiyappan Kuppachari as Mariaella beddomei, Pseudaustenia atra and Ariophanta basileus. Effect of the usage on the ideal Southern Regional Research control methods of these molluscan species, restriction of sheep grazing in the pasture area during the Centre (ICAR-Central Sheep and rainy seasons, vector potential of these molluscan species in the spread of Dicrocoeliosis and lung worm Wool Research Institute), Mannavanur, Kodaikanal, infections among sheep and Periodical deworming of both sheep & rabbits using the suitable Tamil Nadu, India anthemintics were dealt. Keywords: Ariophanta basileus, Helminthiasis, Mariaella beddomei, Pseudaustenia atra, Sheep Introduction In animal kingdom, mollusks are broadly known for their second largest phylum and major [1] contribution in the population of fauna at global level . Among the classes within the phylum Mollusca, Gastropoda (which includes Snails and Slugs) is the only class having both terrestrial and aquatic adaptation. Ramzy [2] described that snails are the gastropods having calcareous shells, whereas slugs are the gastropods without shell. Gastropod mollusks (including snails and slugs) are well known for their vector potential in the transmission of trematode infections among ruminants [3] and nematode infections in a [4] wide range of mammalian species as well . In addition to veterinary importance, snails are also involved in the transmission of trematodes of medical importance [5]. Grewal and his team [4] briefly described the various types of associations between nematodes and molluscs, list the known species of nematodes associated with molluscs along with their specific hosts, and discusses evolutionary trends in mollusc parasitism. Some nematode species use slugs and snails as intermediate hosts in which some part of the nematode life cycle is completed and the host is killed. The nematodes that form this kind of association with the slugs and snails occur in the orders Strongylida, Oxyurida, and Rhabditida. Members of Angiostomidae (Order, Rhabditida) are parasites of amphibians and reptiles but use snails and slugs as obligatory intermediate hosts. In the second type of association with the definitive mollusc host, the entire nematode life cycle is completed inside the host, but the nematodes are not pathogenic and do not kill the host. In the third kind of association, the entire nematode life Corresponding Author: cycle is completed in the definitive mollusc host and the nematodes are pathogenic, causing Govindasamy Nagarajan Senior Scientist, host mortality. Daubaylia potomaca, Pellioditis pelloides (=Rhabditis oncomellaniae), Southern Regional Research Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, P.papillosa, and P.neopapillosa form this kind of association Centre (ICAR- Central Sheep and with their mollusc hosts. Wool Research Institute), While doing the review of literature, it is found that the information on diversity and Mannavanur, Kodaikanal, distribution of land and freshwater mollusks of Tamil Nadu is scattered and particularly it is Tamil Nadu, India lacking behind in case of protected areas is always wanting. ~ 1966 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies http://www.entomoljournal.com Non-Marine Mollusca of Madras and its vicinity was first Kodaikanal, having Southern Regional Research Centre reported by Ramanan [6] followed by Hornell [7, 8]. (ICAR-CSWRI), and is situated about 35 kms away in the Satyamurthy [9] gave details of 122 species of gastropods in west direction from Kodaikanal at an altitude of 2030 metres. his major study on the land and freshwater Mollusca in the The Coordinates for this farming village are 10°12′45″N and collection of Madras government Museum. Jayaram and his 77°20′38″E, to fill the gap on biodiversity information from team [10] listed the gastropods from the Cauvery river system. such geographical areas in term of malaco faunal diversity. Anantharaman and his team [11] recorded 16 freshwater The present study is based on a time constrained field gastropods. Veerappan [12] in his study recorded 18 freshwater surveys. gastropods. Mavinkuruve and his team [13] reported the check list of 208 species (excluding varieties) from Tamil Nadu. A Field Sampling total of 32 species of freshwater gastropods belonging to 16 Visual encounter search survey method was used for mollusca genera and 10 families are reported from Tamil Nadu [14]. in the aquatic and terrestrial habitats [24]. The land mollusca Rajan and his team [15] reported under 17 species of 10 genera from the field sites were collected from different field 7 families 2 order and two sub classes of freshwater gazettes during the rainy seasons (September 2018 & July Gastropods from Porur Lake, Chennai. Santhiya and his team 2020). Appliances viz. forceps, rubber gloves, polythene bags [16] recorded a total of 11 species of molluscs from Lower and plastic containers were used for proper collection and safe Anaicut Reservoir of Tamil Nadu. Among them, 7 species keeping of the specimens. All the possible macro habitats of were gastropods belonging 1 order, 3 families, 6 genera while the land snails viz. rotten woods, leaves, trunks, leaf litter, 4 species were bivalves under 2 orders, 2 families and 1 barks of the tree, stone and concrete surface, under forest genus. Soundararajan and his team [17] enumerated a total of debris and possible humid areas where the maximum possible 31 species under 14 genera from 2 agro-climatic zones of availability of land snails, were surveyed physically. At least Tamil Nadu viz., North-eastern (Kancheepuram and Vellore) one living individual or dead shell of each species was and hilly zone (The Nilgiris). collected as voucher specimen and was brought to the In India, the land snails are acting as the intermediate host for laboratory either in wet or dry conditions. The living shells the lancet fluke infection, i.e., Dicrocoelium dentriticum were collected and narcotised, thoroughly washed to remove among sheep of north-west Himalayan region [18] and mucous, and then treated with ascending grade of spirit (20%, tereestrial gastropod mollusks including snails and slugs are 40%, and 60%) and preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol in the the potential intermediate hosts for the lung worm infections, field itself and brought back to the laboratory for i.e., Muellerius sp., in sheep [19, 20], goats [20], spotted deer [21] identification. Identification of the gastropod mollusks in the and Protostrongylus sp. in Rabbits [22]. present study was done by the experts at Southern Regional One of the regional centres of ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Research Institute (ICAR-CSWRI), commonly known as India Southern Regional Research Centre (SRRC), is located at Mannavanur, about 32 kms away from Kodaikanal town and Identification of Gastropod mollusks this Kodaikanal is present within Palani Hill ranges of Tamil Morphological examination of the shell was carried out with Nadu, India. SRRC is maintaining synthetic breeds of Sheep the help of magnifying glass (10 x) or under a binocular (Bharat Merino and Avikalin) broiler rabbits (major breeds- microscope. All the measurements are given in millimeters White Giant and Soviet Chinchilla) as well [23]. (mm). For each species, largest and smallest were selected for At SRRC, semi intensive and intensive systems of measurements. Shell measurements are given in terms of management are being followed for sheep and rabbits, maximum dimension along the longitudinal axis (Length= L) respectively. On Everyday morning, Sheep are accompanied maximum dimension along body whorl (Diameter =Width) by graziers into the pasture area nearby reserve forest area and and the maximum length of the aperture (Aperture length= taken back to sheds in the evening around 5pm. During the APL). All the measurements were taken with the help of a rainy days of grazing, graziers noticed that some snails and dial calliper. In the descriptive part the usual procedure slugs are crawling in the pasture area of sheep. employed by Malacologist is followed for the sake of Increasing awareness on the importance of biological uniformity. For land mollusca, identification and diversity and environment conservation, for the future
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