Trees Headwaters Flora History Red Douglas-fir Take a stroll along the Elk River Trail through a Alnus rubra Pseudotsuga menziesii deciduous riparian forest community featuring red Up to 75 feet, deciduous, open and Over 250 feet, evergreen, alder, big maple, and Sitka willow. As the trail departs from the rivers’ edge, view tall second and damp habitats. coniferous forests. third growth redwood forest reaching for the sky, Headwaters Look for: Scalloped , catkins, Look for: Cones (pictured), bottle while dense understory shrubs, ferns and herbs grow Forest Reserve white gray . brush sprays of soft needles. in the dappled light below. 2007, Neil Kramer 2007, Neil Kramer Big leaf maple Grand fir Headwaters Forest Reserve is home to approximately Common 3,000 acres of old-growth redwood forest, a Acer macrophyllum Abies grandis remaining refuge for some of the most rare, majestic Up to 75 feet, deciduous, open and Up to 200 feet, evergreen, forest plants in the world. This ancient forest has damp habitats. coniferous forests. grown here for millions of years. Today, it includes Look for: Glossy dissected leaves, Look for: Spray of flat needles with towering redwoods over 2,000 years old, and scaly dark brown bark. notched tips, upper needle surface reaching heights over 300 feet.

2015, Christopher Christie green. Conifersoftheworld.com Sitka willow Sitka For Further Information: Salix sitchensis Picea sitchensis Bureau of Land Management Arcata Field Office Up to 75 feet, deciduous, open and Up to 200 feet, evergreen, 1695 Heindon Road damp habitats. coniferous forests. Arcata, CA 95521 Look for: Soft white velvet on the Look for: Cones (pictured), short 707-825-2300 underside of the leaves. stiff and sharp needles. www.blm.gov/crld 2007,Toni Corelli 2002,Gerald and Buff Corsi BLM/CA/GI-2016/011+8600 Tanoak Western hemlock Notholithocarpus densiflorus heterophylla Please recycle after use Up to 100 feet, evergreen, all forest Up to 200 feet, evergreen, habitats. coniferous forests. Look for: with cup-like Look for: Cones (pictured), soft cap, lower surface of leaves wooly. needles, droopy branches. BLM Photo Redwood 2005, Bon Terra Consulting Western red cedar Over 300 feet, evergreen, dominant Thuja plicata of mature forests. Up to 200 feet, evergreen, Look for: Soft brown-red bark, flat conifours forests. needles. Look for: Small, dime sized cones, flat sprays of leaves. 2001, Charles Webber 2008,Timothy Ives Ferns Shrubs and Herbs Deer fern Evergreen huckleberry blackberry Wild ginger Blechnum spicant Vaccinum ovatum Rubus ursinus Asarum caudatum Up to 1 foot, evergreen, damp Up to 10 feet, evergreen. Up to 10 feet, evergreen, open and Up to 1/2 foot, evergreen, shady habitats. Look for: Fingertip sized leaves, disturbed habitats. forest habitats. Look for: Smaller, stiffer fronds, dark blue-black berries. Look for: Brambles with many Look for: Heart-shaped leaves, lower to the ground. slender and straight prickles three parted, wine colored flower. on stems, fingertip sized, black 2006, Charles E. Jones Sword fern Red 2007, Lynn Watson berries. 2005, Bon Terra Consulting Red BLM Photo Polystichum munitum huckleberry Himalayan blackberry Clintonia andrewsiana Up to 4 feet, evergreen, Vaccinum parvifolium Rubus armeniacus Up to 2 feet, evergreen, mature common in all habitats. Up to 10 feet, evergreen, open and Up to 10 feet, evergreen. Open forests. Look for: Larger fronds, most forest habitats. and disturbed habitats, invasive Look for: Waxy, rounded leaves, commonly seen fern. Look for: Alternative leaves, and not native. pink to rose purple flowers. red-orange berries. Look for: Robust stems and wide BLM Photo BLM Photo based, curved prickles. BLM Photo Five fingered fern Oso 2005, Bon Terra Consulting Fetid adderstongue Adiantum aleuticum Oemleria cerasiformis Queen Anne’s lace Scoliopus bigelovii Up to 1 foot, evergreen, found on Up to 20 feet, deciduous, open Daucus carota Up to 3 feet, evergreen, mature damp banks. and forest habitats. Up to 4 feet, dies back in the fall, forests. Look for: Smaller, drooping Look for: Hanging white flowers open and disturbed habitats. Look for: Brown spotted leaves, fronds, thin leaves. in the spring, elliptical leaves. Look for: Large white flower head three parted, brown striped flower.

with wispy leaves, not native. BLM Photo

Lady fern 2002, Gerald and Buff Corsi Cascara BLM Photo Sweet coltsfoot Stinging nettle 1995, Saint Mary’s College of CA Athyrium Frangula purshiana Petasites frigidus var: palmatus Urtica dioica filix-femina Up to 36 feet, deciduous, open Up to 4 feet, damp habitats. Up to 8 feet, dies back in fall. Open Up to 8 feet, dies back in the and damp habitats. Look for: Flowering stalks and damp habitats. fall, common in all habitats. Look for: Long straight stems, emerging in the spring and large Look for: Fuzzy, heart-shaped, Look for: Single frond on tall black berries, purplish stems. palmate leaves. opposite leaves. Do not touch! stalks. BLM Photo 2008, Keir Morse Leaves have stinging hairs. 2007,Louis M.. Landry 2009, John Wall Giant horsetail Blood currant Salal Wild cucumber Equisetum telmateia Ribes sanguineum Gaultheria shallon Marah oreganus Up to 3 to 5 feet, evergreen, open Up to 12 feet, deciduous, open Up to 3 feet, evergreen, open to Climbing vine, open to forest and damp habitats. and damp habitats. forest habitats. habitats. Look for: Unique stem and leaf Look for: Five lobed leaves, Look for: White, urn shaped Look for: Vines climbing in trees, appearance. hanging pink flowers, bluish black flowers, leathery green leaves, round, green with prickles.

2002, Tony Morosco berries in late summer. BLM Photo purple berries. BLM Photo BLM Photo