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Simon Srugi (1877–1943) in the History of Betgamāl

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Simon Srugi (1877–1943) in the History of Betgamāl 1 1 Giovanni Caputa SIMON SRUGI (1877–1943) IN THE HISTORY OF BETGAMĀL IMPORTANT NOTE FOR READERS: This version of Fr Gianni Caputa’s important work on Brother Simon Srugi has been prepared especially for SDL, so is reduced in terms of bytes, but not in content in any way. Any images may not be as clear as in a printed edition. The ‘cover photo’ referred to on the following page is accessible separately in this collection (the cover), as is also the Photo Gallery. High resolution photos are also available separately. For numbering and captions for these, refer to the Photo Gallery numbers and captions. If readers would like the print-ready version (117 Mb or more), Fr Gianni’s email address is found on the following page and he will be able to indicate how he would make the file available. 1 1 2 2 SIMON SRUGI (1877–1943) IN THE HISTORY OF BETGAMĀL Giovanni Caputa Published by: © Studium Theologicum Salesianum Publications Salesian Pontifical University – Jerusalem 26 Shmuel Hanagid, P.O. Box 7336, 9107202 Jerusalem (Israel) Tel:(+972)26259171 – Fax:(+972)26259172 email: [email protected] web: jerusalem.unisal.it Giovanni Caputa Mobile: (+972) 53 864 11 11 email: [email protected] Translation: Australia-Pacific (AUL) Salesian Province Scripture quotations are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright 1989, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. All rights reserved. Cover photo: early years 1930 at Betgamāl in front of the Martyrium of St Stephen. From left: Fr Spiridiōn Rummān, Bro. Simon Srugi, Fr Yūhanna Nahhās, Bro. George Harūni 2 2 3 3 Principal places of interest in the life of Simon Srugi 1877–1943 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 Table of Contents Significant Dates xi Presentation xiii Foreword xv Introduction xvii Abbreviations and acronyms xxi Select bibliography xxiii Part 1 THE LIFE AND ACTIVITY OF SIMON SRUGI (1877–1943) 1 Section 1 Historical & biographical reconstruction 3 1. Prologue: a family of refugees from Syria, Lebanon, Palestine (1550–1772) 3 2. Sim‘ān ‘Azàr Srugi: from birth to religious profession. His meetings with M. Rua (1877–1908) 6 2.1 Infancy and childhood in Nazareth (1877–1888) 6 2.2 Fr Belloni: missionary, founder, spiritual director (1831–1903) 7 2.3 Simon with the “Brothers of the Holy Family” in Bethlehem (1888–1892) 9 2.4 The arrival of the first Salesians and Daughters of Mary Help of Christians in the Holy Land (1891) 10 2.5 Simon at Betgamāl (1892–1900): aspirant, novice and professed Salesian 13 2.6 The Betgamāl work: the beginnings and its transfer from the Bellonians to the Salesians (1878–1892) 15 2.7 Fr Michael Rua’s first visit to Palestine (1895) 19 2.8 Erection of the Middle East Province. Death of Fr Belloni. Becoming an Italian “protectorate” (1902–1904) 20 v 5 5 6 6 2.9 Fr Rua’s second visit and contacts with Simon (1908) 22 2.10 “Bethgemal”, as seen by Fr G.B. Francesia in 1909 25 3. Simon as educator and apostle in the mid-thirties (1909–1939) 27 3.1 Natural gifts and assimilation of the Salesian spirit 27 3.2 Fr Bianchi as a spiritual guide (1913–1931) 28 3.3 Fr Sacchetti, manager and abuna Sarkīs administrator of the enterprise (1913–1938) 31 3.4 The upheavals of the First World War (1914–1917) 33 3.4.1 Discovery of St Stephen’s tomb: the contributions of Bro. Bormida and Fr Gisler (1916–1917) 35 3.5 The post-war period and the beginning of the British Mandate (1918–1923) 37 3.5.1 Needs: reconciling people, rebuilding, reviving works 37 3.5.2 Priorities: Fr Albera and Fr Rinaldi guide Salesian renewal (1920–1925) 39 3.5.3 Appreciation for Betgamāl-Cafargamala. The encouragement of Pius XI (1923–29) 42 3.5.4 The “Work of Christian Forgiveness”: evangelisation and human development 44 3.5.5 Successes and recognition. Srugi “the best known and most revered individual” (1924) 45 3.5.6 The construction of the new Martyrium of St Stephen (1928–30) 47 3.5.7 Simon and the lay apostolate of the “Confraternities” 48 3.5.8 A humble confrere and educator 50 4. The “small world” of Betgamāl and Srugi’s mission at its service 51 4.1 Within the walls and nearby to the religious house (deir, “convent”) 51 4.2 Ways and means of connecting with the outside 53 4.3 A wise and faithful administrator 54 4.4 A providential benefactor: Fr Adolfo Tornquist 55 4.5 Sr Tersilla the nurse and Simon the pharmacist in the new clinic 56 4.6 Supervisor of mill works and friend to the least 58 vi 6 6 7 7 4.7 A prudent and sought out counsellor 59 5. Simon’s religious life 60 5.1 Spirit of “piety”. Imitation of Christ and St Stephen 60 5.2 Uninterrupted exercise of personal sanctification in the performance of daily actions 63 5.3 The “little way” of simplicity in community life 65 6. The decade from 1931–1940 66 6.1 The death of Fr Bianchi (1931) 67 6.2 The fame of Betgamāl-Cafargamala. Fr Fergnani’s contribution 67 6.3 New difficulties: personnel, financial, socio-political problems (1932–1935) 70 6.4 Jewish immigration and “Arab revolution”. The murder of Fr Rosin (1936–1938) 71 6.5 Srugi ‘s reactions in this circumstance, and his habitual attitude 75 6.6 Departure of Fr Sacchetti (1938) 76 6.7 Premonitions for Srugi. The new Rector Fr Candiani (1938–1940) 78 7. Srugi’s decline and death against the backdrop of World War II (1940–43) 81 7.1 Italy enters the war: imprisonment of Fr Candiani and the other Italians 81 7.2 Fr López the superior “ad interim”. Fr Calīs the nominal Rector 82 7.3 Srugi’s illness and new heavy trials for the house (1941–42) 85 7.4 Danger of military occupation. Requests to house Polish refugees (1942–1943) 87 7.5 Fr López and Srugi: serving until they had no strength left 88 7.7 The last months of Simon’s life; his death and funeral (1943) 89 8. Epilogue: end of an era and the start of the process towards beatification (1943–1993) 90 8.1. Downsizing of the farm-school and other activities 90 8.2 Canonical process: from the Informative Process to the declaration of Venerability (1964–1993) 91 vii 7 7 8 8 8.3 Closing of the works for the boys, and new monastic foundations (1982–2000) 93 8.4 Resumption of studies and excavations on Saint Stephen and Cafargamala (1969–2006) 94 Section 2 Special “windows” 97 I Arab-Palestinian population in contact with Srugi 97 II Srugi and Muslims in the Betgamāl area 106 III Srugi’s mystical and priestly attitude 113 IV Fr Sacchetti and the CNEWA for Armenian orphans taken in at Betgamāl 127 V Fr Bianchi: spiritual accompaniment guidelines for Bro. Na‘īm Cumbāz 142 Part 2 THE PROJECT OF LIFE OUTLINED IN HIS WRITINGS 153 Section 1 Srugi’s religious writings 155 Introduction 155 1. LETTERS 155 – First Note from Fr Michael Rua 156 – Second Note from Fr Michael Rua 157 – Srugi’s First Letter to Fr Mario Gerbo 158 – First Letter of past pupil ‘Atàllah Selīm 159 – Simon’s Second Letter to Fr Mario Gerbo 160 – Second Letter of past pupil ‘Atàllah Selīm 162 – Simon’s letter to his sister Zàhra 163 2. JESUS’ REVELATIONS TO SISTER MARIE-MARTA CHAMBON 166 – Introduction and notes 166 – Texts 168 3. MAXIMS OF THE MONTH FOR THE CONFRERES 174 – Introduction and notes 174 – Texts 175 viii 8 8 9 9 4. MAXIMS FOR THE YOUNG 185 – Introduction and notes 185 – Texts 186 5. SALUTARY THOUGHTS 190 – Introduction and notes 190 – Texts 190 6. PRAYERS 209 – Introduction and notes 209 – Texts 210 7. RESOLUTIONS 214 – Introduction and notes 214 – Texts 215 Section 2 His plan for perfect holiness 227 Introduction 227 1. The vocation to religious life: freely-given grace and commitment 228 2. Intention and goal 229 3. Foundation and building 230 4. Theological love at the heart of consecrated life 233 5. The way forward 237 6. Practices and means of sanctification 240 7. In the vigilant expectation of meeting Jesus, good judge and friend 244 8. The fruits of action on earth, and contemplation of God in Paradise 246 Conclusion 247 Final summing up 251 1. Key players and actors in the Salesian history of Betgamāl 251 2. Simon Srugi: representative figure of the “contemplative in action” 253 3. In conclusion 255 Srugi’s Biblical Citations 257 Names of people 259 Photo Gallery Separate file 263 ix 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 Significant Dates • 15.04.1877: Sim‘ān ‘Āzar Srugi was born in Nazareth (Palestine) of a Maronite mother and a Greek-Melkite father. • 10.05.1877: baptised and confirmed in the Greek-Melkite parish, the former synagogue in which Jesus began his public ministry (cf. Lk 4:6-30). • 1888: taken into the orphanage run by Canon Antonio Belloni in Bethlehem. Apprentice baker, nurse, tailor. Lived with the first Salesians who arrived in Bethlehem in 1891. • 1892–1896: aspirant and novice at Betgamāl (Ramlah). • 12.03.1895: met Fr Michael Rua. Exchange of letters between them. • 31.10.1896, Cremisan: first profession as a Salesian Brother. • 20.09.1900, Bethlehem: perpetual profession. • April 1908: second meeting with Fr Michael Rua.
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