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Peziza and Pezizaceae Inferred from Multiple Nuclear Genes: RPB2, -Tubulin, and LSU Rdna
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36 (2005) 1–23 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Evolutionary relationships of the cup-fungus genus Peziza and Pezizaceae inferred from multiple nuclear genes: RPB2, -tubulin, and LSU rDNA Karen Hansen ¤, Katherine F. LoBuglio, Donald H. PWster Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 5 May 2004; revised 17 December 2004 Available online 22 April 2005 Abstract To provide a robust phylogeny of Pezizaceae, partial sequences from two nuclear protein-coding genes, RPB2 (encoding the sec- ond largest subunit of RNA polymerase II) and -tubulin, were obtained from 69 and 72 specimens, respectively, to analyze with nuclear ribosomal large subunit RNA gene sequences (LSU). The three-gene data set includes 32 species of Peziza, and 27 species from nine additional epigeous and six hypogeous (truZe) pezizaceous genera. Analyses of the combined LSU, RPB2, and -tubulin data set using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches identify 14 Wne-scale lineages within Pezizaceae. Species of Peziza occur in eight of the lineages, spread among other genera of the family, conWrming the non-monophyly of the genus. Although parsimony analyses of the three-gene data set produced a nearly completely resolved strict consensus tree, with increased conWdence, relationships between the lineages are still resolved with mostly weak bootstrap support. Bayesian analyses of the three- gene data, however, show support for several more inclusive clades, mostly congruent with Bayesian analyses of RPB2. No strongly supported incongruence was found among phylogenies derived from the separate LSU, RPB2, and -tubulin data sets. The RPB2 region appeared to be the most informative single gene region based on resolution and clade support, and accounts for the greatest number of potentially parsimony informative characters within the combined data set, followed by the LSU and the -tubulin region. -
Announcement Nampijja 4.5.21
Plant Pathology Seminar Series Bioluminescent fungi, a source of genes to monitor plant stresses and changes in the environment Marilen Nampijja, PhD student Bioluminescence is a natural phenomenon of light emission by a living organism resulting from oxidation of luciferin catalyzed by the enzyme luciferase (Dubois 1887). This process serves as a powerful biological tool for scientists to study gene expression in plants and animals. A wide diversity of living organisms is bioluminescent, including some fungi (Shimomura 2006). For many of these organisms, the ability to emit light is a defining feature of their biology (Labella et al. 2017; Verdes and Gruber 2017; Wainwright and https://www.sentinelassam.com Longo 2017). For example, bioluminescence in many organisms serves purposes such as attracting mates and pollinators, scaring predators, and recruiting other creatures to spread spores (Kotlobay et al. 2018; Shimomura 2006; Verdes and Gruber 2017). Oliveira and Stevani (2009) confirmed that the fungal bioluminescent reaction involved reduction of luciferin by NADPH and a luciferase. Their findings supported earlier studies by Airth and McElroy (1959) who found that the addition of reduced pyridine nucleotide and NADPH resulted in sustained light emission using the standard luciferin-luciferase test developed by Dubois (1887). Additionally, Kamzolkina et al. (1984;1983) and Kuwabara and Wassink (1966) purified and crystallized luciferin from the fungus Omphalia flavida, which was active in bioluminescence when exposed to the enzyme prepared according to the procedure described by Airth and McElroy (1959). Decades after, Kotlobay et al. (2018) showed that the fungal luciferase is encoded by the luz gene and three other key enzymes that form a complete biosynthetic cycle of the fungal luciferin from caffeic acid. -
Heavy Metal Remediation: Transport and Accumulation in Plants
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ADVANCES HEAVY METAL REMEDIATION TRANSPORT AND ACCUMULATION IN PLANTS No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ADVANCES Additional books in this series can be found on Nova‘s website under the Series tab. Additional e-books in this series can be found on Nova‘s website under the e-book tab. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ADVANCES HEAVY METAL REMEDIATION TRANSPORT AND ACCUMULATION IN PLANTS DHARMENDRA KUMAR GUPTA AND SOUMYA CHATTERJEE EDITORS New York Copyright © 2014 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher. For permission to use material from this book please contact us: Telephone 631-231-7269; Fax 631-231-8175 Web Site: http://www.novapublishers.com NOTICE TO THE READER The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. -
Influence of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Plant Growth, Metabolism and Its Alleviation by Phytoremediation - a Promising Technology
Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 6(2): 1-19, 2016; Article no.JAERI.23543 ISSN: 2394-1073 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Influence of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Plant Growth, Metabolism and Its Alleviation by Phytoremediation - A Promising Technology Farha Ashfaque1*, Akhtar Inam1, Seema Sahay1 and Saba Iqbal1 1Department of Botany, Environmental and Plant Physiology Section, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, (U.P.), 202002, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JAERI/2016/23543 Editor(s): (1) Chandra Shekhar Kapoor, Department of Environmental Sciences, University College of Science, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, India. Reviewers: (1) Zafar Iqbal Khan, University of Sargodha, Pakistan. (2) Qingping Hu, Shanxi Normal University, China. Complete Peer review History: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/12958 Received 6th December 2015 Accepted 31st December 2015 Review Article th Published 12 January 2016 ABSTRACT Heavy metals (HMs) contamination of soil and water is a serious problem in recent time and cause hazardous effects on humans and animals which ultimately results in destruction of environment. HMs such as Cd, Cr, Pb, As, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, etc. are considered as environmental pollutants due to their toxic effects. These metals alter the plant growth, physiology, and development, it involves the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which leads to subsequent cell death, eventually results in the reduction of crop growth and yield. To sustain the agricultural environment, it is necessary to alleviate the toxicity of HMs from the environment. There are number of technologies evolved but, phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants to clean up pollutants from the environment. -
THE LARGER CUP FUNGI in BRITAIN - Part 2 Pezizaceae (Excluding Peziza & Plicaria) Brian Spooner Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE
Field Mycology Volume 2(1), January 2001 THE LARGER CUP FUNGI IN BRITAIN - part 2 Pezizaceae (excluding Peziza & Plicaria) Brian Spooner Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE he first part of this series (Spooner, 2000) provided a brief introduction to cup fungi or ‘discomycetes’, and considered in particular the ‘operculate’ species, those in T which the ascus opens (dehisces) via an apical lid or operculum.These constitute the order Pezizales and include most of the larger discomycete species. A key to the 12 families of Pezizales represented in Britain was given. In the present part, a key to the British genera of the Pezizaceae is provided, together with brief descriptions of the genera and keys to the species of all genera other than Peziza and Plicaria.These two genera, which include over sixty species in Britain alone, will be considered in Part 3. A glossary of technical terms is given at the end of the article. Pezizaceae Dumort. Characterised by operculate, thin-walled, amyloid asci and uninucleate spores with thin or rarely somewhat thickened walls. Key to British Genera of Pezizaceae 1. Asci indehiscent; ascomata subhypogeous or developed in litter, subglobose or irregular in form; spores globose, ornamented, purple-brown at maturity, eguttulate . Sphaerozone 1. Asci dehiscent; ascomata epigeous, rarely hypogeous at first, on various substrates, cupulate to discoid or pulvinate, sometimes short-stipitate, rarely sparassoid; spores globose or ellip- soid, smooth or ornamented, hyaline or brownish, guttulate or eguttulate . 2 2. Ascus apex strongly blue in iodine, rest of wall diffusely blue in iodine or not . -
Bioluminescence in Mushroom and Its Application Potentials
Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment, Vol. 14 (1) (2016) BIOLUMINESCENCE IN MUSHROOM AND ITS APPLICATION POTENTIALS Ilondu, E. M.* and Okiti, A. A. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 2348036758249. ABSTRACT Bioluminescence is a biological process through which light is produced and emitted by a living organism resulting from a chemical reaction within the body of the organism. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is an oxygen-dependent reaction involving substrates generally termed luciferin, which is catalyzed by one or more of an assortment of unrelated enzyme called luciferases. The history of bioluminescence in fungi can be traced far back to 382 B.C. when it was first noted by Aristotle in his early writings. It is the nature of bioluminescent mushrooms to emit a greenish light at certain stages in their life cycle and this light has a maximum wavelength range of 520-530 nm. Luminescence in mushroom has been hypothesized to attract invertebrates that aids in spore dispersal and testing for pollutants (ions of mercury) in water supply. The metabolites from luminescent mushrooms are effectively bioactive in anti-moulds, anti-bacteria, anti-virus, especially in inhibiting the growth of cancer cell and very useful in areas of biology, biotechnology and medicine as luminescent markers for developing new luminescent microanalysis methods. Luminescent mushroom is a novel area of research in the world which is beneficial to mankind especially with regards to environmental pollution monitoring and biomedical applications. Bioluminescence in fungi is a beautiful phenomenon to observe which should be of interest to Scientists of all endeavors. -
Trametes Ochracea on Birch, Pasadena Ski and Andrus Voitk Nature Park, Sep
V OMPHALINForay registration & information issueISSN 1925-1858 Vol. V, No 4 Newsletter of Apr. 15, 2014 OMPHALINA OMPHALINA, newsletter of Foray Newfoundland & Labrador, has no fi xed schedule of publication, and no promise to appear again. Its primary purpose is to serve as a conduit of information to registrants of the upcoming foray and secondarily as a communications tool with members. Issues of OMPHALINA are archived in: is an amateur, volunteer-run, community, Library and Archives Canada’s Electronic Collection <http://epe. not-for-profi t organization with a mission to lac-bac.gc.ca/100/201/300/omphalina/index.html>, and organize enjoyable and informative amateur Centre for Newfoundland Studies, Queen Elizabeth II Library mushroom forays in Newfoundland and (printed copy also archived) <http://collections.mun.ca/cdm4/ description.php?phpReturn=typeListing.php&id=162>. Labrador and disseminate the knowledge gained. The content is neither discussed nor approved by the Board of Directors. Therefore, opinions expressed do not represent the views of the Board, Webpage: www.nlmushrooms.ca the Corporation, the partners, the sponsors, or the members. Opinions are solely those of the authors and uncredited opinions solely those of the Editor. ADDRESS Foray Newfoundland & Labrador Please address comments, complaints, contributions to the self-appointed Editor, Andrus Voitk: 21 Pond Rd. Rocky Harbour NL seened AT gmail DOT com, A0K 4N0 CANADA … who eagerly invites contributions to OMPHALINA, dealing with any aspect even remotely related to mushrooms. E-mail: info AT nlmushrooms DOT ca Authors are guaranteed instant fame—fortune to follow. Authors retain copyright to all published material, and BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONSULTANTS submission indicates permission to publish, subject to the usual editorial decisions. -
Spor E Pr I N Ts
SPOR E PR I N TS BULLETIN OF THE PUGET SOUND MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 533 June 2017 THE CONFUSING LIFE CYCLE AND TAXONOMY OF CORDYCEPS SINENSIS Daniel Winkler [Ed. Note: The following is an extract from “The Wild Life of Yartsa Gunbu (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) on the Tibetan Plateau” in Daniel WInkler the Spring 2017 issue of FUNGI, a much more thorough—and, as always with Daniel, beautifully illustrated—treatment of everything yartsa gunbu.] Some of the most interesting recent research results regarding Ophiocordyceps sinensis (= Cordyceps sinensis, see Sung et al., 2007) are reports from Serkyim La Pass (Tibetan Pinyin: Segi La) above Nyingchi (Linzhi), Tibet Autonomous Region, published by Zhong et al. (2014), that hyphae of O. sinensis are not only present in and around infected ghost moth larvae (Thitarodes spp.), the hosts of the fungus, but actually present in herbaceous plants Contemporary Tibetan thangka showing Nyamnyi Dorje and growing in yartsa gunbu habitat. Common woody plants like Tibetans collecting and trading yartsa gunbu. rhododendron and creeping willow (Salix sp.) have so far tested [A thangka is a Tibetan painting on cotton, or silk appliqué, usually negative. However, O. sinensis hyphae were detected in the tissue depicting a Buddhist deity, scene, or mandala. Surkhar Nyamnyi of over half of the alpine grasses, forbs, and ferns tested! And not Dorje was a Tibetan medical practitioner of the fifteenth century and considered to be the founder of the Southern School of Ti- just in their roots, but also in their stems and leaves. In addition, betan Medicine, the school of Sur. One of his works mentions the the presence of hyphae in surprising quantities was detected within Chinese caterpillar (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) for the first time the digestive system of living larvae, indicating that the fungus in Tibetan literature.] might infect the insect via the digestive system (Lei et al., 2015). -
Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Centro De Ciências Biológicas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Biologia De Fungos, Algas E Plantas
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA DE FUNGOS, ALGAS E PLANTAS Maria Eduarda de Andrade Borges DIVERSIDADE DE FUNGOS BIOLUMINESCENTES DO GÊNERO MYCENA (BASIDIOMYCOTA, MYCENACEAE) DA MATA ATLÂNTICA CATARINENSE, SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL Florianópolis 2020 Maria Eduarda de Andrade Borges DIVERSIDADE DE FUNGOS BIOLUMINESCENTES DO GÊNERO MYCENA (BASIDIOMYCOTA, MYCENACEAE) DA MATA ATLÂNTICA CATARINENSE, SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL Dissertação submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Algas e Plantas da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a obtenção do título de mestre em Biologia de Fungos, Algas e Plantas. Orientador: Profa. Dra. Maria Alice Neves Florianópolis 2020 Maria Eduarda de Andrade Borges DIVERSIDADE DE FUNGOS BIOLUMINESCENTES DO GÊNERO MYCENA (BASIDIOMYCOTA, MYCENACEAE) DA MATA ATLÂNTICA CATARINENSE, SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL O presente trabalho em nível de mestrado foi avaliado e aprovado por banca examinadora composta pelos seguintes membros: Profa. Dra. Maria Alice Neves Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Profa. Dra. Larissa Trierveiler Pereira Universidade Federal de São Carlos Prof. Dr. Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler dos Santos Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Certificamos que esta é a versão original e final do trabalho de conclusão que foi julgado adequado para obtenção do título de mestre em Biologia de Fungos, Algas e Plantas. ____________________________ Profa. Dra. Mayara Krasinski Caddah Coordenadora do Programa ____________________________ Profa. Dra. Maria Alice Neves Orientadora Florianópolis, 2020. À minha família, minha base, e a todos que sempre me apoiaram ao longo de todo o percurso desse trabalho. AGRADECIMENTOS À toda a minha família, em especial meus pais, Márcia e Ricardo, minha irmã, Ana Clara. -
Mushrooms of Southwestern BC Latin Name Comment Habitat Edibility
Mushrooms of Southwestern BC Latin name Comment Habitat Edibility L S 13 12 11 10 9 8 6 5 4 3 90 Abortiporus biennis Blushing rosette On ground from buried hardwood Unknown O06 O V Agaricus albolutescens Amber-staining Agaricus On ground in woods Choice, disagrees with some D06 N N Agaricus arvensis Horse mushroom In grassy places Choice, disagrees with some D06 N F FV V FV V V N Agaricus augustus The prince Under trees in disturbed soil Choice, disagrees with some D06 N V FV FV FV FV V V V FV N Agaricus bernardii Salt-loving Agaricus In sandy soil often near beaches Choice D06 N Agaricus bisporus Button mushroom, was A. brunnescens Cultivated, and as escapee Edible D06 N F N Agaricus bitorquis Sidewalk mushroom In hard packed, disturbed soil Edible D06 N F N Agaricus brunnescens (old name) now A. bisporus D06 F N Agaricus campestris Meadow mushroom In meadows, pastures Choice D06 N V FV F V F FV N Agaricus comtulus Small slender agaricus In grassy places Not recommended D06 N V FV N Agaricus diminutivus group Diminutive agariicus, many similar species On humus in woods Similar to poisonous species D06 O V V Agaricus dulcidulus Diminutive agaric, in diminitivus group On humus in woods Similar to poisonous species D06 O V V Agaricus hondensis Felt-ringed agaricus In needle duff and among twigs Poisonous to many D06 N V V F N Agaricus integer In grassy places often with moss Edible D06 N V Agaricus meleagris (old name) now A moelleri or A. -
The Genus Peziza Dill. Ex Fr. (Pezizales, Ascomycota) in Israel
The genus Peziza Dill. ex Fr. (Pezizales, Ascomycota) in Israel Gayane S. BARSEGHYAN Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary & Environmental Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel Haifa 31905, Israel [email protected] Solomon P. WASSER Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary & Environmental Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel Haifa 31905, Israel M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2 Tereshchenkivska St. Kiev 01601, Ukraine [email protected] Ascomycete.org, 2 (4) : 39-50. Summary: Species diversity for Peziza in Israel is presented. The 25 Peziza species re- Février 2011 corded from Israel include P. alaskana, P. ammophila, P. badia, P. badiofusca, P. brun- neoatra, P. cerea, P. cervina, P. echinospora, P. fimeti, P. fuliginea, P. howsei, P. lobulata, P. michelii, P. micropus, P. moseri, P. nivalis, P. proteana f. sparassoides, P. repanda, P. saniosa, P. sepiatra, P. succosa, P. succosella, P. tenacella, P. varia and P. vesiculosa. Two species — P. alaskana and P. lobulata — are reported for the first time in Israel. Israeli locations and collection dates, habitat data, general distribution, and taxonomic remarks are provided for all species. Detailed macro- and micromor- phological descriptions and illustrations are given for the two species newly recorded from Israel. Keywords: Ascomycota, species diversity, Pezizales, Pezizaceae, taxonomy. Introduction sparassoid apothecia. The apothecia range in size from a few millimeters to more than 10 centimeters in diameter, The genus Peziza Dill. ex Fr. is the largest genus within Pezi- and are often fleshy, soft and brittle. Most taxa are separa- zales, with approximately 100 currently accepted species ted from each other mainly on the basis of their microstruc- tural and biochemical characters such as spore shape, color, (HOHMEYER, 1986; KORF, 1972). -
Phylogenetic Diversity in the Core Group of Peziza Inferred from ITS Sequences and Morphology
Mycol. Res. 106 (8): 879–902 (August 2002). # The British Mycological Society 879 DOI: 10.1017\S0953756202006287 Printed in the United Kingdom. Phylogenetic diversity in the core group of Peziza inferred from ITS sequences and morphology Karen HANSEN1, Thomas LÆSSØE2 and Donald H. PFISTER1 " Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA 02138, USA. # Department of Mycology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2 D, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark. E-mail: khansen!oeb.harvard.edu Received 23 January 2002; accepted 30 May 2002. Species delimitation within the core group of Peziza is highly controversial. The group, typified by P. vesiculosa,is morphologically coherent and in previous analyses of LSU rDNA sequences it formed a highly supported clade. Phylogenetic diversity and species limits were investigated within the group using sequences from the complete ITS region (ITS1-5n8S-ITS2). Eighty-three specimens were selected for molecular study from a larger sample of material studied morphologically to explore the intra- and interspecific variation of each putative species. The sister group taxon, P. ampelina was used as the outgroup and two specimens of P. subcitrina were additionally included. Seven independent lineages of rDNA were identified (I–VII), each representing one to several species. These lineages form two larger clades, A (II, and I or III) and B (IV–VII), supported by macromorphology: small (generally ! 2 cm), shallowly cup- to disc-shaped apothecia (A) and large (up to 15 cm), deeply cup-shaped to expanded apothecia (B). The overall exciple structure (a stratified or non-stratified medullary layer) and to some degree spore surface relief, likewise support the groupings.