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The Precepts of Zion and Joseph Smith's City of Zion Plan: Major Influences Orf the Planning of Nauvoo

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The Precepts of Zion and Joseph Smith's City of Zion Plan: Major Influences Orf the Planning of Nauvoo Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1999 The Precepts of Zion and Joseph Smith's City of Zion Plan: Major Influences orF the Planning of Nauvoo Marjorie E. Eddy Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Mormon Studies Commons, and the Urban, Community and Regional Planning Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Eddy, Marjorie E., "The Precepts of Zion and Joseph Smith's City of Zion Plan: Major Influences For the Planning of Nauvoo" (1999). Theses and Dissertations. 4661. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4661 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. THE PRECEPTS OF ZION AND JOSEPH SMITHS CITY OF ZION PLAN MAJOR influences FOR THE PLANNING OF NAUVOO by marjorie E eddy A thesis submitted to the faculty of brigham young university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of masters of art department of anthropology brigham young university august 1999 copyright C 1999 marjorie E eddy all rights reserved BRIGHAM YOUNG university GRADUATE COMMITTEE APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by marjorie E eddy this thesis has been read by each member of the following graduate committee and by majority vote has been found to be satisfactory W 3 IW X X date dale L berge chaichalchairr zo3 0 i g L t J daD jalejolejoieJ E darkoarkclark al 4 W Q am date david J Johnjohnsonjohnsottjohnsontsottsoth BRIGHAM YOUNG university FINAL READING APPROVAL I1 have read the thesis ofmarjorieofmarjorie E eddy in its final form and have found that 1 its format citations and bibliographical style are consistent and acceptable and fulfill university and department style requirements 2 its illustrative materialmaterials including figures tables and charts are in place and 3 the final manuscript is satisfactory to the graduate committee and is ready for submission to the university library 1.1 Z date 79 dale L berge V V chair graduate committee approved for the department c J joecjoelcjoela fanetskijanetski y cz chair department danthropologyanthropology accepted for the college 1 110k chaynec4ayne L ope1 zomecome dean clocoffelecoffegeege of family I1 tomedome and social sciences ABSTRACT THE PRECEPTS OF ZION AND JOSEPH SMITHS CITY OF ZION PLAN A MAJOR INFLUENCE FOR THE PLANNING OF NAUVOO marjorie E eddy department of anthropology master of art this thesis addresses the archaeological question of the relationship between city planning and belief systems it examines the extent to which the city plan of nauvoo illinois was influenced by the four precepts ofofzionzion as outlined by joseph smith the first president of the church of jesus christ oflatter day saints these precepts are considered as unity order economic equality and leadership the city ofofzionzion plan as developed by joseph smith was the basis for many cities including nauvoo the zion plan is examined to determine the influences of the four precepts ofofzionzion on city planning specifically issues of city layout and organization private property care of the poor economic strategies and leadership are considered the city of st louis is examined using the same criteria finally a comparison of the three citcity plans reveals the connection between Naunauvoosvoos city plan and its belief system acknowledgments I1 would like to thank the professors in the department of anthropology specifically the members of my committee dale L berge john E darkoarkclark david J johnson for their feedback patience and support other mentors who contributed to my training and this thesis are professors susan easton black joel C janetski clayne pope and marti lu alienailen other mentors include shane A baker of the museum of peoples and cultures at BYU charmain thompson forest archaeologist for the unita and wasatch cache national forests and erik hansen director of the joseph smith historic center in nauvoo illinois also I1 would like to thank my parents richard and mary eddy for their patience and confidence and scott hansen for his friendship and financial support table of contents list of figures viii list of tables x preface xi chapter 1 belief systems and city planning I11 chapter 2 the precepts ofofzion zion 5 chapter 3 the city ofofzionzion plan 19 chapter 4 the precepts ofzionof zion manifested in nauvoo 333 3 chapter 5 archaeological investigations at nauvoo 61 chapter 6 the early development of st louis 87 chapter 7 A comparison of nauvoo and st louis 123 chapter 8 A comparison of nauvoo to the city ofofzionzion plan 143 viivilvn list of figures I11 original 1833 plat for the city of zion 21 2 expansion of the center blocks for figure I11 22 3 revised plat for the city of zion 266 4 gustavus hills map ofnauvooofnauvoo 34 5 reconstructed plat of commerce 36 6 original land purchases for nauvoo 1839 37 7 additions and subdivisions nauvooofnauvooof 38 8 prominent buildings and houses of present day nauvoo 40 9 political wards ofnauvooofnauvoo 51 10 ecclesiastical wards ofnauvooofnauvoo 52 11 nauvoo temple basement 64 12 excavated basement of joseph smiths general store 1 68 13 seventysSeventys hall excavation 71 14 original features of the masonic hall 73 15 partial site map of the joseph smith homestead lot 77 16 archaeological features of the jonathan browning site 4 81 17 daniel butler site map 83 18 archaeological features of the joseph bates noblelucyNoble Lucy mack smith site 85 19 original plat for st louis as shown in 1780 88 20 recreationre creation of st louis in thethel770sI1 770s 90 21 plat of st louis in 1804 91 viii 22 plan of the cioclocitecitycley of st louisloulslouis18351835 99 2323mapmap of st louis in 1841 100 24 st louis and surrounding lands as surveyed in 1820 104 25 map of st louis and common fields 1796 105 ixIX list of tables I11 dates and events for the law of consecration 12 2 precepts ofzionof zion in the citcity ofzionof zion plan 28 3 precepts ofzionof zion in the organization nauvooofnauvooof 42 4 city limits of st louis 176418551764 1855 92 5 population growth in st louis 177018441770 1844 93 6 precepts ofofzionzion in the organization of st louis 95 7 nauvoo and st louis compared 135 8 physical characteristics ofnauvooofnauvoo and their possible sources of inspiration 144 x preface background of joseph smiths concept ofofzionzion joseph smith jr is known to the world as the founder ofthe church ofjesus christ of latter day saints or LDS in 1830 but to his people he also is known as a prophet seer revelator and restorator of christs gospel as established in the bible in 1827 at the age of 2211 joseph smith began translating the book ofmormonof mormon which was published in 1830 and began re translating the king james version of the bible joseph smith received revelations concerning the establishment ofofzionzion during this time the bible and the book ofmormonof mormonmommon describe zion as a location community and a lifestyle joseph felt inspired to create a zion people and a zion city so that the righteous could gather into one location and prepare for the second coming ofchrist following a revelation received from god joseph smith traveled in 18318311 to independence missouri to prepare for the establishment of his zion society once there he found large unoccupied tracts of land which would accommodate the formation of a new city and people he also found a frontier culture that differed from any he had experienced in the east and from the one he meant to establish four years later when recounting his visit to other church leaders joseph made the following statement but our reflections were many coming as we had from a highly cultivated state of society in the east and standing now upon the confines or western limits ofthe united states and looking into the vast wildewildernessmess ofthose that sat in darkness how natural it was to observe the degradation leanness of intellect ferocity and jealousy of a people that were nearly a century behind the times and to feel for those who roamed about without the benefit of civilization refinement or religion yea and exclaim in the language of the prophets when will the wilderness blossom as the rose when will zion be built up in her glory and where will thy temple stand unto which all nations shall come in the last days smith 19761189 xi while living in kirtland ohio he developed plans for a zion city at independence missouri joseph smith developed a plat and plan for a city incorporating the doctrinal concepts or precepts of zion during his lifetime this plan was the basis for cities in missouri and for nauvoo illinois the religious purposes behind Naunauvoosvoos settlement are based on joseph smiths concept ofzion the establishment ofzion cities dates back to the fudeojudeo christian tradition in the bible which describes jerusalem as the city of zion isaiah 3019 where the tabernacle of the lord rested in his translation of the king james version joseph smith restored passages to genesis which refer to an earlier city ofzion established by the prophet enoch enochs city of zion instituted unity equality and obedience for a zion society joseph smith implemented these precepts in his teachings on zion he felt that the restoration of zion again to the earth was vital in preparation for the second coming of christ the first attempts at following the zion city plan were in
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