YTHDF2/3 Are Required for Somatic Reprogramming Through Different RNA Deadenylation Pathways
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Identification of the Binding Partners for Hspb2 and Cryab Reveals
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2013-12-12 Identification of the Binding arP tners for HspB2 and CryAB Reveals Myofibril and Mitochondrial Protein Interactions and Non- Redundant Roles for Small Heat Shock Proteins Kelsey Murphey Langston Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Microbiology Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Langston, Kelsey Murphey, "Identification of the Binding Partners for HspB2 and CryAB Reveals Myofibril and Mitochondrial Protein Interactions and Non-Redundant Roles for Small Heat Shock Proteins" (2013). Theses and Dissertations. 3822. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3822 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Identification of the Binding Partners for HspB2 and CryAB Reveals Myofibril and Mitochondrial Protein Interactions and Non-Redundant Roles for Small Heat Shock Proteins Kelsey Langston A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Julianne H. Grose, Chair William R. McCleary Brian Poole Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Brigham Young University December 2013 Copyright © 2013 Kelsey Langston All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Identification of the Binding Partners for HspB2 and CryAB Reveals Myofibril and Mitochondrial Protein Interactors and Non-Redundant Roles for Small Heat Shock Proteins Kelsey Langston Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, BYU Master of Science Small Heat Shock Proteins (sHSP) are molecular chaperones that play protective roles in cell survival and have been shown to possess chaperone activity. -
Caspases Switch Off M6a RNA Modification Pathway to Reactivate A
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.12.377127; this version posted November 13, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 6 1 Caspases switch off m A RNA modification pathway to reactivate a 2 ubiquitous human tumor virus 3 Kun Zhang1,2, Yucheng Zhang3, Jun Wan3,4,5 and Renfeng Li1,2,6,7,8* 4 1Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth 5 University, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, USA 6 2Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia 7 Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, USA 8 3Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 9 Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA 10 4Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 11 Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA. 12 5Department of BioHealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University 13 – Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA 14 6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth 15 University, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, USA 16 7Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, USA. 17 8Lead Contact 18 19 *Corresponding author: [email protected] (RL) 20 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.12.377127; this version posted November 13, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
The Role of Cyclin B3 in Mammalian Meiosis
THE ROLE OF CYCLIN B3 IN MAMMALIAN MEIOSIS by Mehmet Erman Karasu A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy New York, NY November, 2018 Scott Keeney, PhD Date Dissertation Mentor Copyright © Mehmet Erman Karasu 2018 DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this thesis to my parents, Mukaddes and Mustafa Karasu. I have been so lucky to have their support and unconditional love in this life. ii ABSTRACT Cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) lie at the center of the regulation of the cell cycle. Cyclins as regulatory partners of CDKs control the switch-like cell cycle transitions that orchestrate orderly duplication and segregation of genomes. Similar to somatic cell division, temporal regulation of cyclin-CDK activity is also important in meiosis, which is the specialized cell division that generates gametes for sexual production by halving the genome. Meiosis does so by carrying out one round of DNA replication followed by two successive divisions without another intervening phase of DNA replication. In budding yeast, cyclin-CDK activity has been shown to have a crucial role in meiotic events such as formation of meiotic double-strand breaks that initiate homologous recombination. Mammalian cells express numerous cyclins and CDKs, but how these proteins control meiosis remains poorly understood. Cyclin B3 was previously identified as germ cell specific, and its restricted expression pattern at the beginning of meiosis made it an interesting candidate to regulate meiotic events. -
Ythdc2 Is an N6-Methyladenosine Binding Protein That Regulates Mammalian Spermatogenesis
Cell Research (2017) 27:1115-1127. © 2017 IBCB, SIBS, CAS All rights reserved 1001-0602/17 $ 32.00 ORIGINAL ARTICLE www.nature.com/cr Ythdc2 is an N6-methyladenosine binding protein that regulates mammalian spermatogenesis Phillip J Hsu1, 2, 3, *, Yunfei Zhu4, *, Honghui Ma1, 2, *, Yueshuai Guo4, *, Xiaodan Shi4, Yuanyuan Liu4, Meijie Qi4, Zhike Lu1, 2, Hailing Shi1, 2, Jianying Wang4, Yiwei Cheng4, Guanzheng Luo1, 2, Qing Dai1, 2, Mingxi Liu4, Xuejiang Guo4, Jiahao Sha4, Bin Shen4, Chuan He1, 2, 5 1Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 2Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 3Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; 5Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chi- cago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA. It is dynamically in- stalled and removed, and acts as a new layer of mRNA metabolism, regulating biological processes including stem cell pluripotency, cell differentiation, and energy homeostasis. m6A is recognized by selective binding proteins; YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 work in concert to affect the translation of m6A-containing mRNAs, YTHDF2 expedites mRNA decay, and YTHDC1 affects the nuclear processing of its targets. The biological function of YTHDC2, the final member of the YTH protein family, remains unknown. We report that YTHDC2 selectively binds m6A at its consensus motif. YTHDC2 enhances the translation efficiency of its targets and also decreases their mRNA abundance. -
'Next- Generation' Sequencing Data Analysis
Novel Algorithm Development for ‘Next- Generation’ Sequencing Data Analysis Agne Antanaviciute Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Leeds School of Medicine Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 12/2017 ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own, except where work which has formed part of jointly-authored publications has been included. The contribution of the candidate and the other authors to this work has been explicitly given within the thesis where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement ©2017 The University of Leeds and Agne Antanaviciute The right of Agne Antanaviciute to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Acknowledgements I would like to thank all the people who have contributed to this work. First and foremost, my supervisors Dr Ian Carr, Professor David Bonthron and Dr Christopher Watson, who have provided guidance, support and motivation. I could not have asked for a better supervisory team. I would also like to thank my collaborators Dr Belinda Baquero and Professor Adrian Whitehouse for opening new, interesting research avenues. A special thanks to Dr Belinda Baquero for all the hard wet lab work without which at least half of this thesis would not exist. Thanks to everyone at the NGS Facility – Carolina Lascelles, Catherine Daley, Sally Harrison, Ummey Hany and Laura Crinnion – for the generation of NGS data used in this work and creating a supportive and stimulating work environment. -
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SAN TA C RUZ BI OTEC HNOL OG Y, INC . YTHDC2 (G-19): sc-249370 BACKGROUND APPLICATIONS YTHDC2 (YTH domain containing 2), also known as probable ATP-dependent YTHDC2 (G-19) is recommended for detection of YTHDC2 of mouse, rat and RNA helicase YTHDC2, is a 1,430 amino acid protein. Belonging to the DEAD human origin by Western Blotting (starting dilution 1:200, dilution range 1:100- box helicase family and DEAH subfamily, YTHDC2 contains two ANK repeats, 1:1000), immunofluorescence (starting dilution 1:50, dilution range 1:50-1:500) a helicase ATP-binding domain, helicase C-terminal domain, R3H domain and and solid phase ELISA (starting dilution 1:30, dilution range 1:30-1:3000); non a YTH domain, a potential RNA binding domain. The gene encoding YTHDC2 cross-reactive with YTHDC1. maps to human chromosome 5q22.2 and mouse chromosome 18 B3. With YTHDC2 (G-19) is also recommended for detection of YTHDC2 in additional 181 million base pairs encoding around 1,000 genes, chromosome 5 make up species, including bovine. approximately 6% of human genomic DNA. Chromosome 5 is associated with Cockayne syndrome through the ERCC8 gene and familial adenomatous poly - Suitable for use as control antibody for YTHDC2 siRNA (h): sc-91804, YTHDC2 posis through the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene. siRNA (m): sc-155422, YTHDC2 shRNA Plasmid (h): sc-91804-SH, YTHDC2 Treacher Collins syndrome is also chromosome 5 associated and is caused by shRNA Plasmid (m): sc-155422-SH, YTHDC2 shRNA (h) Lentiviral Particles: insertions or deletions within the TCOF1 gene. -
Novel Candidate Genes of Thyroid Tumourigenesis Identified in Trk-T1 Transgenic Mice
Endocrine-Related Cancer (2012) 19 409–421 Novel candidate genes of thyroid tumourigenesis identified in Trk-T1 transgenic mice Katrin-Janine Heiliger*, Julia Hess*, Donata Vitagliano1, Paolo Salerno1, Herbert Braselmann, Giuliana Salvatore 2, Clara Ugolini 3, Isolde Summerer 4, Tatjana Bogdanova5, Kristian Unger 6, Gerry Thomas6, Massimo Santoro1 and Horst Zitzelsberger Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Mu¨nchen, Ingolsta¨dter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany 1Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Universita` Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy 2Dipartimento di Studi delle Istituzioni e dei Sistemi Territoriali, Universita` ‘Parthenope’, Naples 80133, Italy 3Division of Pathology, Department of Surgery, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy 4Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Mu¨nchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany 5Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academy of Medical Sciences of the Ukraine, 254114 Kiev, Ukraine 6Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0HS, UK (Correspondence should be addressed to H Zitzelsberger; Email: [email protected]) *(K-J Heiliger and J Hess contributed equally to this work) Abstract For an identification of novel candidate genes in thyroid tumourigenesis, we have investigated gene copy number changes in a Trk-T1 transgenic mouse model of thyroid neoplasia. For this aim, 30 thyroid tumours from Trk-T1 transgenics were investigated by comparative genomic hybridisation. Recurrent gene copy number alterations were identified and genes located in the altered chromosomal regions were analysed by Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis in order to reveal gene functions potentially associated with thyroid tumourigenesis. In thyroid neoplasms from Trk-T1 mice, a recurrent gain on chromosomal bands 1C4–E2.3 (10.0% of cases), and losses on 3H1–H3 (13.3%), 4D2.3–E2 (43.3%) and 14E4–E5 (6.7%) were identified. -
Ketu Mutant Mice Uncover an Essential Meiotic Function for the Ancient, Putative RNA Helicase YTHDC2
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/171827; this version posted August 6, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ketu mutant mice uncover an essential meiotic function for the ancient, putative RNA helicase YTHDC2 Devanshi Jain1, M. Rhyan Puno2,4, Kathryn V. Anderson3, and Scott Keeney1,4 * 1Molecular Biology Program, 2Structural Biology Program, 3Developmental Biology Program, and 4Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 USA Running title: Ythdc2 is essential for mouse meiosis Keywords Meiosis, spermatogonia, MEIOC, Bgcn, Bam, RNA binding proteins, gametogenesis *Correspondence: Scott Keeney Howard Hughes Medical Institute Molecular Biology Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 1275 York Ave, Box 97 New York, NY 10065 (212) 639-5182 [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/171827; this version posted August 6, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ABSTRACT Mechanisms regulating mammalian meiotic progression are poorly understood. Here we identify mouse YTHDC2 as a critical component of this regulation. A screen yielded a mutant, “ketu”, with male and female sterility caused by a Ythdc2 missense mutation. Mutant germ cells enter meiosis but proceed prematurely to aberrant metaphase and apoptosis. -
Downregulation of M6a Reader YTHDC2 Promotes the Proliferation
Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2021, Vol. 17 2633 Ivyspring International Publisher International Journal of Biological Sciences 2021; 17(10): 2633-2651. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.58514 Research Paper Downregulation of m6A Reader YTHDC2 Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Malignant Lung Cells via CYLD/NF-κB Pathway Jin Wang1#, Lirong Tan1#, Beibei Jia1, Xiaofan Yu1, Ruixin Yao1, Nan OUYang1, Xueting Yu1, Xiyuan Cao1, Jian Tong1, Tao Chen1, Rui Chen2 and Jianxiang Li1 1. Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medicine College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China. 2. Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215004, China. #These authors contributed equally to this work. Corresponding authors: Jianxiang Li, E-mail: [email protected]; Rui Chen, E-mail: [email protected]. © The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions. Received: 2021.02.03; Accepted: 2021.06.08; Published: 2021.06.22 Abstract Lung cancer is one of the most common types of carcinoma worldwide. Cigarette smoking is considered the leading cause of lung cancer. Aberrant expression of several YT521-B homology (YTH) family proteins has been reported to be closely associated with multiple cancer types. The present study aims to evaluate the function and regulatory mechanisms of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader protein YTH domain containing 2 (YTHDC2) by in vitro, in vivo and bioinformatics analyses. The results revealed that YTHDC2 was reduced in lung cancer and cigarette smoke-exposed cells. -
1 Supplemental Methods 4Su RNA Isolation Cells Were Incubated In
Supplemental Methods 4sU RNA isolation Cells were incubated in 500uM 4-thiouridine for 2.5 mins before RNA extraction using Trizol. 15-20ug RNA was biotinylated in a volume of 250μl containing 10mM HEPES (pH7.5), 5ug MTSEA Biotin-XX (Iris Biotech, dissolved in dimethyl formamide). After incubation in the dark for 90 mins, biotinylated RNA was chloroform extracted, phenol chloroform extracted and ethanol precipitated. It was re-suspended in RPB (300mM NaCl, 10mM Tris pH7.5, 5mM EDTA) and incubated with 50ul streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (Miltenyi Biotech) for 15 mins. Beads were washed 5x in (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 10 mM EDTA, 1 M NaCl, and 0.1% Tween-20) pre-heated to 60oC. RNA was eluted in 100μl of 0.1M DTT for 15 mins at 37oC before final phenol chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. Metaprofiling of effects of XRN2 vs CPSF73 depletion (Figure 2A) Single-end 50-base-pair (bp) reads were screened for sequencing quality using FastQC (http://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc); adapter sequences were then removed using Trim Galore using the default settings (https://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/trim_galore). Trimmed reads passing QC steps were aligned to the GRCh38 (Ensembl) human genome using Hisat2 with default parameters, incorporating known splice sites (Kim et al. 2015). Unmapped, multi-mapped and reads with low mapping quality scores (MAPQ <20) were discarded using SAMtools (Li et al. 2009). For metagene analysis, expressed protein-coding genes (>50 reads per gene) were selected and a window extending 20 kb downstream from the transcription end site (TES) was applied. -
Rna Methylation As a New Epigenetic Regulatory
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE EXUBERANT VINE OF EPITRANSCRIPTOME: RNA METHYLATION AS A NEW EPIGENETIC REGULATORY MECHANISM A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY BY BOXUAN ZHAO CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2017 Table of Contents List of Figures ..................................................................................................................................v Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................................... viii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... xi List of Publications ....................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1 Introduction: RNA Modifications and Epitranscriptomics ................................. 1 1.1 Genetics and epigenetics: beyond the primary sequence .....................................................1 1.2 Epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure: histone and DNA modifications ..................2 1.3 Emergence of RNA epigenetics: chemical modifications on RNA .....................................4 1.4 N6-methyladenosine (m6A): the protagonist of epitranscriptomics ....................................7 1.5 Scope of this dissertation ...................................................................................................10 -
Comprehensive Analysis of YTH Domain Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Expression Profile, Association with Prognostic Value, and Immune Infiltration
Hindawi Disease Markers Volume 2021, Article ID 2789481, 12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2789481 Research Article Comprehensive Analysis of YTH Domain Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Expression Profile, Association with Prognostic Value, and Immune Infiltration Kuan Hu ,1 Lei Yao ,1 Yuanliang Yan ,2,3 Lei Zhou ,4 and Juanni Li 5 1Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan, China 2Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan, China 3National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan, China 4Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan, China 5Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan, China Correspondence should be addressed to Juanni Li; [email protected] Received 28 June 2021; Accepted 13 August 2021; Published 27 August 2021 Academic Editor: Cheng Zhan Copyright © 2021 Kuan Hu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. All YTH domain family members are m6A reader proteins accounting for the methylation modulation involved in the process of tumorgenesis and tumor progression. However, the expression profiles and roles of the YTH domain family in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain to be further illustrated. Methods. GEPIA2 and TNMplot databases were used to generate the expression profiles of the YTH family. Kaplan-Meier plotter database was employed to analysis the prognostic value of the YTH family. Coexpression profiles and genetic alterations analysis of the YTH family were undertaken using the cBioPortal database.