State: Bihar
Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: Katihar
1.0 District Agriculture profile
1.1 Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Humid Eco system (13.1) Agro Climatic Zone (Planning Mid Gangetic plane Region (IV) Commission) Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) Zone II
List all the districts falling under the Saharsa, Supoul, Madhepura, Purnea , Kishanganj, Araria, Katihar, Khagaria, NARP Zone* (*>50% area falling in the zone) Geographic coordinates of district Latitude Longitude Altitude headquarters 250 30 N 870 40 E
Name and address of the concerned Regional Research Sub station, Saharsha ZRS/ ZARS/ RARS/ RRS/ RRTTS Mention the KVK located in the Katihar, P.O. - Tingachiya district with address Name and address of the nearest Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur Agromet Field Unit (AMFU, IMD) for agro advisories in the Zone
1.2 Rainfall Normal RF(mm) Normal Rainy days Normal Onset Normal Cessation (number) ( specify week and (specify week and month) month) SW monsoon (June Sep): 1059.8 38 2nd week of June 3rd week of October NE Monsoon(Oct Dec): 98.7 16
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Winter (Jan March) 33.3 4
Summer (Apr May) 106.0 6
Annual 1297.8 MM 64.0
1.3 Land use Geographical Cultivabl Forest Land under Permanent Cultivable Land Barren Current Other pattern of the area e area area non pastures wasteland under and fallows fallows district (latest agricultural Misc. tree unculti statistics) use crops and vable groves land Area (‘000 ha) 291.349 146.927 1.785 39.591 0.282 0.812 10.753 22.289 40.962 9.038
1. 4 Major Soils (common names like red Area (‘000 ha) Percent (%) of total sandy loam deep soils (etc.,)* Sandy to Sandy loam NA Clay soil in deep water logged area NA Gangetic alluvial soil in Diara area NA
1.5 Agricultural land use Area (‘000 ha) Cropping intensity % Net sown area 146.927 169% Area sown more than once 100.826 Gross cropped area 247.753
1.6 Irrigation Area (‘000 ha) Net irrigated area 123.71 Gross irrigated area Rainfed area 23.217 Sources of Irrigation Number Area (‘000 ha) Percentage of total irrigated area Canals Not available NA NA
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Tanks 102 NA NA Open wells 69 NA NA Bore wells 32 NA NA Lift irrigation schemes NA NA Micro irrigation NA NA Other sources (please specify) NA NA Total Irrigated Area NA NA Pump sets 117112 NA NA No. of Tractors NA NA Groundwater availability and use* No. of blocks/ (%) area Quality of water (specify the (Data source: State/Central Ground Tehsils problem such as high levels of water Department /Board) arsenic, fluoride, saline etc) Over exploited Critical Semi critical Safe 16 100% Wastewater availability and use Ground water quality *over exploited: groundwater utilization > 100%; critical: 90 100%; semi critical: 70 90%; safe: <70%
1.7 Area under major field crops & horticulture
1.7 Major field crops Area (‘000 ha) cultivated Kharif Rabi
Grand Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Summer total
Rice 52.000 26.000 78.000 NA 78.000
Maize NA 22.600 22.600 0 22.600
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Wheat NA 31.800 31.800 0 31.800
Pigeonpea 0.120 0.120 NA 0 0.120
Mustard NA 9.820 9.820 0 9.820
Lentil/Pulses 0.450 0.450 NA 0 0.450
Plantation crops Total Irrigated Rainfed
NA
Fodder crops Total Irrigated Rainfed
NA
Total fodder crop area
Grazing land
Sericulture etc
1.8 Livestock Male (‘000) Female (‘000) Total (‘000) Non descriptive Cattle (local low yielding) 149.242 242.304 391.546 Improved cattle Crossbred cattle 0.705 7.036 7.741 Non descriptive Buffaloes (local low yielding) 19.161 57.573 70.734 Descript Buffaloes Goat 143.991 301.870 445.861
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Sheep 2.597 4.103 6.700 Others (Camel, Pig, Yak etc.) Commercial dairy farms (Number) 1.9 Poultry No. of farms Total No. of birds (‘000) Commercial 1122.122 Backyard 1.10 Fisheries (Data source: Chief Planning Officer)
A. Capture
i) Marine (Data Source: No. of fishermen Boats Nets Storage Fisheries Department) facilities (Ice Mechanized Non Mechanized Non mechanized plants etc.) mechanized (Trawl nets, (Shore Seines, Stake Gill nets) & trap nets)
ii) Inland (Data Source: No. Farmer owned ponds No. of Reservoirs No. of village tanks Fisheries Department) 1445 1657 212
B. Culture Water Spread Area (ha) Yield Production (‘000 tons) (t/ha) i) Brackish water (Data Source: MPEDA/ Fisheries Department)
ii) Fresh water (Data Source: Fisheries Department) 4175.89 3.2 8.643
Others
1.11 Production and Productivity of major crops (2008 9)
1.11 Name of Kharif Rabi Summer Total Crop crop Production Productivity Production Productivity Production Productivity Production Productivity residue ('000 t) (kg/ha) ('000 t) (kg/ha) ('000 t) (kg/ha) ('000 t) (kg/ha) as
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fodder (‘000 tons) Major Field crops (Crops to be identified based on total acreage) Rice 0.168 2100 0 0 0 0 0.168 2100
Maize 0 0 0.156 6500 0 0 0.156 6500
Wheat 0 0 59.5 1700 0 0 59.5 1700
Pigeonpea 1.616 800 0 0 1.616 800
Mustard 0 0 8.838 900 0 0 8.838 900
Pulses 0 0 0.329 700 0 0 0.329 700
Major Horticultural crops (Crops to be identified based on total acreage) NA
1.12 Sowing window for 5 major field crops Rice Wheat Maize Potato Jute (start and end of normal sowing period) Kharif Rainfed 4th week of May to 3 rd 3rd week of March to week of July 3rd week of April Kharif Irrigated Rabi Rainfed Rabi Irrigated 3rd week of 4th week of 4th week of November to 3 rd October to 3 rd week October to 3 rd week of December of November week of November
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1.13 What is the major contingency the district is prone to? (Tick mark) Regular Occasional None Drought √ Flood √ Cyclone Hail storm √ Heat wave √ Cold wave √
Frost √
Sea water intrusion Pests and disease outbreak (specify) Others (specify)
1.14 Include Digital maps Location map of district within State as Annexure I Enclosed: Yes of the district for Mean annual rainfall as Annexure 2 Enclosed: Yes Soil map as Annexure 3 Enclosed: Yes
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Annexure-2
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Annexure-3
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2.0 Strategies for weather related contingencies
2.1 Drought
2.1.1 Rainfed situation
Condition Suggested Contingency measures Early season Major Farming Normal Crop / Cropping Change in crop / cropping Agronomic Remarks on drought situation a system b system c including variety measures d Implementation e (delayed onset) Delay by 2 Upland Rice Wheat Early Rice – Wheat • Normal package of Seeds from weeks (Specify Rice: Prabhat, Dhanlaxmi, practices BRBN, RAU, month)* Richharia, Turanta • Direct seeding of Pusa, NSC, TDC Wheat: HD 2733, PBW 343, rice can be done 4th week of June PBW 502 • Life saving irrigation
Medium Land Rice Wheat Rice Wheat Rice: Rajendra Bhagawati, Rajendra Suwasni, Prabhat Wheat : HD 2733, PBW 343, PBW 502 Lowland Rice Wheat Rice – Wheat Rice:Rajshree, Santosh , Rajendra Mahsoori, Wheat: HD 2733, PBW 343, PBW 502 Jute – Maize Jute: JRO 128, Devki Delay by 4 Upland Rice Wheat Short duration Rice Wheat Normal seedling of Seeds from weeks (Specify Rice: Prabhat, Dhanlaxmi, Rice:Prabhat, Dhanlaxmi, rice can be used BRBN, RAU, month) Richharia, Turanta with adequate NPK Pusa, NSC, TDC nd Richharia, Rajendra 2 week of July Wheat: HD 2733, PBW Old age 30 35 day Bhagwati, Saroj seedlings of early Wheat: HD 2733, PBW 343, PBW 502 rice variety may
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343, PBW 502 also be used 20 days Dapog seedling can be used in rice Direct seeding of rice Medium land Rice – Wheat Rice Wheat • Full basal dose of Rice: Rajendra Bhagawa ti, Rice: Rajendra Bhagawati, NPK Rajshree, Prabhat Rajendra Suwasni • Life saving Wheat: HD 2733, PBW Rajshree, Prabhat irrigation 343, PBW 502 • Application of Potash Lowland Rice – Wheat Rice – Wheat • Enhanced dose of Rice: Rajshree, Santosh , Rice: Rajshree, Santosh , Sita nitrogen with full Rajendra Suwasni, Rajendra Suwasni, basal dose of Rajendra Sweta NPK at Wheat: HD 2733, PBW transplanting 343, PBW 502 • Old age rice seedling of 40 45 days may be used with three seedling per hill with close spacing
Condition Suggested Contingency measures Early season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Change in crop/cropping Agronomic measures d Remarks on drought situation a system b system c Implementat (delayed onset) ion e Delay by 6 Upland Rice Wheat Early Rice – Wheat • Direct seeding of rice Seeds from weeks (Specify Rice: Prabhat, Dhanlaxmi, Rice: Prabhat, Dhanlaxmi, • Dapog seedling can be BRBN, month) Richharia, Turanta Richharia, Turanta used RAU, Pusa,
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Saroj Saroj • Application of Potassic NSC, TDC Wheat: HD 2733, PBW 343, Wheat: HD 2733, PBW 343, fertilizer at vegetative PBW 502 HP 1731 stage • Zero tillage for rice & wheat to makeup the time • Protective spray of pesticides with adjuvant against BLB & BLAST& Helminthosporium leaf spot. • Transplanting of old age seedling of 30 35 days Medium land Rice – Wheat Rice Wheat/ • Enhanced basal dose of Rice : Rajendra Bhagawati, Blackgram/ Horsegram NPK to boost the early Rajendra Suwasni Wheat vegetative growth Wheat: HD 2733, PBW 343, Rajshree, Prabhat • Application of Potassic PBW 502 fertilizer with adjuvant Wheat: HD 2733, PBW 343, Blackgram : T 9, Navin, Pant PBW 502 Blackgram 30, Pant • Direct seedling of Rice Blackgram 19 • Use of 20 days old dapog Horsegram: DB 7, BR 5, seedling for rice BR 10, Coimbatore 1 Lowland Rice Wheat Rice Wheat/ Rice –Vegetable/ Rice Pulses/ Rice Oilseed Rice: Rajshree, Santosh , Sita,Rajendra Suwasni, Rajendra Sweta Wheat: HD 2733, PBW 343, HP 1731, HD 2824 Oilseed: 66 197 3, Rajendra Sarson I
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Condition Suggested Contingency measures Early season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Change in crop/cropping Agronomic Remarks on drought situation a system b system c measures d Implementation e (delayed onset) Delay by 8 Upland Rice Wheat Early Rice – • Zero tillage for Seeds from weeks (Specify Late Wheat wheat to make up BRBN, RAU, month) the time Pusa, NSC, TDC Rice: Prabhat, Dhanlaxmi, • Spray of potassic Richharia, Turanta, fertilizer with Saroj adjuvant in rice at vegetative stage Late Wheat: HUW 234,DBW 14, • Life saving HP 1744,HD 2643 irrigation to rice nursery raised • Use of 20 days old Dapog seedling in rice • Direct seeding of rice • Enhanced basal dose of NPK in rice to boost early vegetative growth • Protective spray of pesticides with adjuvant against pest & disease • Application of organic manure and vermicompost initially for Rice and other crops Medium land Maize Wheat/ Sesame –Rabi Maize/ • Zero tillage for Rice Wheat Sesame Late Wheat wheat to make up the time Sesame – Krishna, Pragati • Spray of potassic
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Rabi Maize Saktiman 1,2,3,4, fertilizer with Laxmi, Deoki, adjuvant in rice at Early Rice Prabhat, Dhanlaxmi, vegetative stage Richharia, Turanta • Life saving Late Wheat –HUW 234, C 306, irrigation to rice DBW 14,HP 1744, nursery raised • Use of 20 days old HD 2643 Dapog seedling in rice • Direct seeding of rice • Enhanced basal dose of NPK in rice to boost early vegetative growth • Protective spray of pesticides with adjuvant against pest & disease • Application of organic manure and vermicompost initially for Rice and other crops Lowland Rice Potato Rice Potato/Rice Wheat • Application of organic manure Rice: Rajshree, Santosh , Sita, and vermicompost Rajendra Suwasni, Rajendra initially for rice Sweta and other crops
Wheat: HD 2733, PBW 343, HP 1731, HD 2824 Potato :PJ376, Rajendra Aloo 1,2,3, Kufri Jyoti
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Condition Suggested Contingency measures Early season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Crop management c Soil nutrient & Remarks on drought (Normal situation a system b moisture conservation Implementation e onset) measues d Normal onset Upland Rice Wheat • Life saving irrigation • Application of potash Seeds from followed by 15- • Gap filling of existing • Inter culturing BRBN, RAU, 20 days dry spell Rice: Prabhat, Dhanlaxmi, crop • Mulching through Pusa, NSC, TDC after sowing Richharia, Turanta, • Thinning mechanical weeding leading to poor Saroj for moisture germination/crop Wheat: HD 2733, PBW conservation stand etc. 343, HP 1731, HD 2824 • Conservation tillage • Interculturing • Protective spray of pesticides with adjuvant against pesticides and disease Medium Land Maize Wheat • Life saving irrigation • Application of potash • Gap filling • Inter culturing Maize: Shaktiman 1,2,3,4, • Mulching through Suwan, Ganga 11, weeds for moisture Deoki, Pusa early conservation hybrid Maka 3 • Conservation tillage Wheat: HD 2733, PBW • Interculturing 343, • Protective spray of HP 1731, HD pesticides with 2824 adjuvant against pesticides and disease Lowland Rice Wheat Greengram • Life saving irrigation • Application of potash • Gap filling through must at final land Rice: Rajshree, Santosh , Dapog nursery preparation Sita, Rajendra Suwasni, • Inter culturing Rajendra Sweta • Mulching through Wheat: HD 2733, PBW weeds for moisture
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343, HP 1731, HD 2824 conservation Greengram: SML 6 68, • Conservation tillage Pusa Vishal, Samarat • Interculturing • Spray potassic fertilizer with adjuvant at vegetative stage • Protective spray of pesticides with adjuvant against pesticides and disease
Condition Suggested Contingency measures Mid season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Crop management c Soil nutrient & Remarks on drought (long situation a system b moisture conservation Implementation e dry spell, measues d consecutive 2 weeks rainless (>2.5 mm) period) At vegetative Upland Rice Potato/ • Gap filling of existing • Inter culturing Seeds from stage Rice –Wheat crop • Mulching through BRBN, RAU, • Postponement of top weeds Pusa, NSC, TDC Rice: Prabhat, Dhanlaxmi, dressing • Conservation tillage Richharia, Turanta, • Protective spray of • Life saving irrigation Saroj pesticides with adjuvant • Spray of potassic Potato: PJ376, Rajendra against BLB, BLAST & fertilizer with Aloo 1,2,3, Kufri Helminthosporium leaf adjuvant Jyoti spot • Spray (1%) Urea on Wheat: HD 2733, PBW the crops 343, HP 1731, HD 2824 Medium land Rice Wheat Greengram • Gap filling of existing • Inter culturing Rice: Rajendra Bhagawati, crop • Mulching through Rajendra Suwasni, • Postponement of top weeds dressing
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Rajshree, Prabhat • Protective spray of • Conservation tillage Wheat: HD 2733, PBW pesticides with adjuvant • Life saving irrigation 343, HP 1731, HD 2824 against BLB, BLAST & • Spray of potassic Helminthosporium leaf Greengram: SML 6 68, fertilizer with spot Pusa Vishal, Samarat adjuvant • Spray (1%) Urea on the crops
Condition Suggested Contingency measures Mid season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Crop management c Soil nutrient & moisture Remarks on drought (long situation a system b conservation measues d Implementati dry spell) on e At flowering/ Upland Rice Wheat/ • IPM practices • Interculturing Seeds from fruiting stage Vegetable – Wheat • Spray of pesticides with • Mulching through weeds BRBN, RAU, spreader • Conservation tillage Pusa, NSC, Rice:Prabhat, Dhanlaxmi, • Life saving irrigation TDC Richharia, Turanta, Saroj Wheat: HD 2733, PBW 343, HP 1731, HD 2824 Medium land Maize Wheat • IPM practices • Interculturing Maize: Shaktiman 1,2,3,4 • Clipping of maize • Mulching through weeds Suwan, Ganga 11, Deoki, leaves • Conservation tillage Pusa early hybrid Maka 3 • Life saving irrigation Wheat: HD 2733, PBW • Spray of potash and 343, HP 1731, HD 282 nitrogen fertilizer with adjuvant Lowland Rice Wheat Greengram • IPM practice • Inter culturing • Mulching through weeds Rice: Rajshree, Santosh , • Life saving irrigation Sita, Rajendra Suwasni, • Conservation tillage Rajendra Sweta Wheat: HD 2733, PBW 343 HP 1731, HD 2824
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Condition Suggested Contingency measures Terminal Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Crop management c Rabi Crop planning d Remarks on drought situation a system b Implementation e (Early withdrawal of monsoon) Upland Rice Wheat/ • Spray of potassic fertilizer • Open the furrow Seeds from Vegetable – Wheat with adjuvant during evening and BRBN, RAU, • IPM practices leave furrow open Pusa, NSC, TDC Rice:Prabhat, Dhanlaxmi, overnight and plank in • Life saving irrigation Richharia, Turanta, Saroj • Mulching the next morning Wheat: HD 2733, PBW 343, • Thinning before sunrise for HP 1731, HD 2824 growing of early rabi crops like wheat, Rabi Medium land Maize Wheat • Spray of potassic fertilizer Maize/Pulses Maize: Shaktiman 1,2,3,4 with adjuvant /Oilseeds/ Vegetables Suwan, Ganga 11, Deoki, Pusa • IPM practices • Stored water to be early hybrid Maka 3 • Life saving irrigation used at critical stage of Wheat: HD 2733, PBW 343, • Mulching growth HP 1731, HD 282 • Thinning • To clean irrigation channel for preventing • Clipping of leaves in loss of moisture maize through seepage Lowland Rice Wheat Greengram • Spray of potassic fertilizer with adjuvant Rice: Rajshree, Santosh , Sita, • IPM practices Rajendra Suwasni, • Life saving irrigation Rajendra Sweta • Mulching Wheat: HD 2733, PBW 343 • Thinning HP 1731, HD 2824
2.1.2 Drought - Irrigated situation
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Condition Suggested Contingency measures Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping Change in crop/cropping Agronomic Remarks on situation f system g system h measures i Implementation j Delayed release NA of water in canals due to low rainfall Limited release NA of water in canals due to low rainfall Non release of water in canals under delayed NA onset of monsoon in catchment Lack of inflows into tanks due to NA insufficient /delayed onset of monsoon Insufficient NA groundwater recharge due to low rainfall
2.2 Unusual rains (untimely, unseasonal etc) (for both rainfed and irrigated situations)
Condition Suggested contingency measure Continuous high rainfall in a short Vegetative stage k Flowering stage l Crop maturity stage m Post harvest n span leading to water logging Rice • Drainage management • Drainage management • Drainage management Storage at safer • Retransplanting through • Subsequent crop if • Subsequent crop if totally place Dapog nursery if needed totally damaged i.e. damaged
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• Gap filling Toria • Harvest at physiological • Resowing through drum seeder maturity Maize • Drainage management • Drainage management • Drainage management Storage at safer • Gap filling • Alternative maize or • Subsequent if totally place • Resowing, if completely other rabi crop if totally damaged damaged damaged • Harvest at physiological maturity Vegetable • Resowing , if required • Drainage management • Drainage management Storage at safer • Replanting place Horticulture Mango • Drainage management • Drainage management • Drenching with copper • Replanting if completely fungicides damaged • Drainage management • Gap filling • Harvesting at proper maturity Banana • Drainage management • Drainage management • Drainage management • Replanting, if completely • Spray and pasting of trunk damaged Heavy rainfall with high speed winds in a short span 2 Rice • Drainage management • Drainage management • Drainage management Storage at safer • Replanting if completely • Subsequent crop if totally • Subsequent crop if totally place damaged damaged i.e. Toria damaged • Gap filling if needed Maize • Resowing If completely damaged • Drainage management • Drainage management Storage at safer • Gap filling if needed • Alternative maize or other • Subsequent crop if totally place • Drainage management crop if totally damaged damaged Vegetable Drainage management • Drainage management • Drainage management Gap filling • Drenching with copper fungicide Horticulture
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Mango • Drainage management • Drainage management • Drainage management • Replanting if substantially • Drenching with copper • Harvest at proper time damaged fungicides Banana • Drainage management • Drainage management • Drainage management • Replanting if substantially • Staking • Harvest at proper time damaged Outbreak of pests and diseases due to unseasonal rains Rice • Seedling treatment with • Spray of specific • Spray of specific pesticides Storage at safer Carbendazin + Imidachloroprid pesticides with adjuvant with adjuvant place • Spray of pesticides with adjuvant • Drainage management • Drainage management Maize • Application of granular • Spray of specific • Spray of specific pesticides Storage at safer insecticides viz. Thimet 10 pesticides with adjuvant with adjuvant place G/Carbofuran 3G in whorl of • Drainage management • Drainage management maize Vegetable • Drainage management • Spray of specific • Spray of specific pesticides Safe storage & • Spraying of insecticide & pesticides with adjuvant with adjuvant transportation fungicide • Drainage management • Drainage management Horticulture Mango • Spray of pesticides with adjuvant • Spray of specific • Spray of specific pesticides • Drainage management pesticides with adjuvant with adjuvant • Drainage management • Drainage management Banana • Spray of pesticides with adjuvant • Spray of specific • Spray of specific pesticides • Drainage management pesticides with adjuvant with adjuvant • Drainage management • Drainage management
2.3 Floods
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Condition Suggested contingency measure o Transient water logging/ Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest partial inundation 1 Water logging/Partial Seedling/ Nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest inundation Rice: Swarna Sub I & local • Drainage management • Drainage management • Drainage management Storage at safer place variety Desaria Barogar • Re transplanting through • Alternative crops if totally • Harvest at physiological Dapog nursery if damaged maturity completely damaged • Gap filling • Lentil as paira crop can be • Gap filling • 40 45 days old seedlings may taken be used • Kharuhan (double transplanting) Maize • Drainage management • Drainage management • Drainage management Storage at safer place • Re sowing if • Alternative crops if totally • Harvest at physiological substantially damaged damaged like maize or maturity • Gap filling, if needed subsequent crop i.e. Toria Horticulture Mango • Replanting if • Drenching with copper • Drenching with copper Judicious harvesting substantially damaged fungicides fungicides • Gap filling • Drainage management • Drainage management • Drainage management Banana • Replanting if • Drenching with copper • Drenching with copper Judicious harvesting substantially damaged fungicides fungicides • Gap filling • Drainage management • Drainage management • Drainage management Continuous submergence for more than 2 days 2 Rice: Swarna Sub I & local • Gap filling, if needed • Replanting through Kharuhan • Toria/Late wheat if completely Storage at safer place varietyDesaria Barogar • Re sowing if damaged (double transplanting) by 3 4 damaged after receding of flood seedlings per hill • Short duration rice variety Maize • Re sowing if damaged • Resowing or gap filling as the • Toria/Late wheat if completely Storage at safer place after receding of flood case may be damaged
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Horticulture Mango • Drainage management Banana • Drainage management Sea water intrusion 3 NA
2.4 Extreme events: Heat wave / Cold wave/Frost/ Hailstorm /Cyclone
Extreme event type Suggested contingency measure r Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest Heat Wave Rice Life saving irrigation Life saving irrigation Life saving irrigation Spray of potassic fertilizer Spray of potassic fertilizer with adjuvant with adjuvant Maize Life saving irrigation Life saving irrigation Life saving irrigation Wheat Life saving irrigation (Terminal heat) Horticulture Mango Life saving irrigation Life saving irrigation Life saving irrigation Cold wave Irrigation, interculturing, Wheat mulching by weeds Irrigation, interculturing, Maize mulching by weeds Irrigation, interculturing, Mustard mulching by weeds Irrigation, interculturing, Potato mulching by weeds Pulses Irrigation, interculturing,
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mulching by weeds
Horticulture Bhendi Irrigation, interculturing, mulching by weeds Brinjal Irrigation, interculturing, mulching by weeds Chilli Irrigation, interculturing, mulching by weeds Tomato Irrigation, interculturing, mulching by weeds Bottle gourd Irrigation, interculturing, mulching by weeds Frost Wheat Irrigation, interculturing, mulching by weeds Horticulture Bhendi Irrigation, interculturing, mulching by weeds Brinjal Irrigation interculturing, mulching by weeds Tomato & Potato Earth up to 15cm ht. Spray Dithane M 45/ Harvest in dry Irrigation interculturing, Mancozeb @ 2.5 gm/lt of weather mulching by weeds water in 3 rd week of December at 10 days interval 3 times Hailstorm NA NA Horticulture - - - - Cyclone - - - - Horticulture - - - -
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2.5 Contingent strategies for Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries
Suggested contingency measures
Before the event During the event After the event
Drought
Feed and Not Applicable Fodder availability
Cyclone Harvest all the possible wetted grain Treatment of the sick, injured and affected animals Repair of animal shed (rice/ wheat/maize etc) and use as through arrangement of mobile emergency veterinary Deworm the animals through animal feed after drying. hospitals / rescue animal health workers. mass camps Arrange for storing minimum Diarrhea out break may happen, arrangement should Vaccinate against possible out required quantity of hay (25 50 kg) be made to mitigate the problem breaks and concentrates (10 25 kg) per Protect the animals from heavy rains and thunder Proper disposable of the dead animal in farmer’s / LS keepers storms animals / carcasses by burning / house/ shed for feeding during In severe cases un tether or let loose the animals burying with lime/ bleaching cyclone. Arrange transportation of highly productive animals to powder in pit Don’t allow the animals for grazing safer place Bleach / chlorinate (0.1%) in case of early forewarning (EFW) Spraying of fly repellants in animal sheds drinking water or water In case of EFW, shift the animals to resources safer places. Collect drowned crop material, Identification of animals may be dry it and store for future use done. Sowing of above mention short Keep animals untied in the shed in duration fodder crops in unsown case of EFW. and water logged areas Application of urea (20 25kg/ha) in the CPR’s to enhance the bio
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mass production.
Floods 1. Reserve feed/ fodder bank at 1. Immediate measures Repair of animal shed. community level Transportation of animals to elevated areas. Bring back the animals to the Each district should have reserves Temporary shelter arrangement. shed. (feeding 5000 ACU maintenance Stall feeding of animals with stored hay and Cleaning and disinfection of the ration for about 1 3 weeks period) of concentrates. shed with bleaching powder/ the following at any point of the year lime or ash. for mobilization to the needy areas. Proper hygienic and sanitation of the animal shed/ Bleach (0.1%) drinking water / Complete feed block or urea temporary shelter. Application of lime/ bleaching water sources molasses mineral bricks may be powder or ash may be applied around shed. stored. Checking of feed availability In severe floods, un tether or let loose the animals Deworming with brood spectrum dewormers. may be made at 3 months interval, Emergency outlet establishment for required particularly before onset of medicines or feeds in each village. Vaccination against possible out monsoon. breaks Checking of animals for injury and illness. Silage:20 50 t Proper disposable of the dead Spraying of fly repellants in animal sheds. Smoke may animals / carcasses by burning / Urea molasses mineral be generated at night inside the shed to prevent burying with lime and bleaching bricks (UMMB): and animals from mosquito bite. complete feed block (CFB) powder in pit. . Subsidy may be 50 100 t Govt. may supply feed block or urea molasses given for proper disposal of dead
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Hay:100 250 t minerals bricks or concentrate as flood relief. animals. Concentrates: 20 50 t Bleaching powder and lime may also be supplied. Proper drying the harvested crop Minerals and vitamin If stored feed are not available, feeding of animals material and proper storage. supplements mixture:1 5 t may be done with top feeds (tree leaves,, aquatic Wet feed/ straw may be dried for plants, sugarcane tops) etc. as mentioned in drought. 2. Preparation and storage of animal feeding. Care should be silage and hay and crop by- Fungal infected straw/ feed should not be fed. taken not to feed fungal infected products at household level. The Bleach (0.1%) drinking water / water sources. If feed. Wet straw may be treated feed storage may be established in bleaching powder is not available, treat with lime with urea (1%) to prevent fungal high land where shelter may be powder. growth and enrichment. taken during flood. Produce smoke with mosquito replants in the shed Preserve the fodder in the form of during night. hay from Berseem, Cowpea, Oat Govt. may supply cattle feed at Vaccination schedule & other grasses as well as silage frequent interval or at sufficient from Cattle and Buffalo quantity to feed the animals. (a Maize harvesting at dough stage. Hemorrhagic SepticemiaVaccine (b) Sorghum at flowering stage. Black Quarter Vaccine (c) Oat FMD Vaccine (d) Hybrid Napier – 40 45 day old. Anthrax Vaccine as per endemicity. If available feed is insufficient (e) Water hyacinth mixing with rice quantity, concentrate mixture straw in ratio of 4:1 with 70 kg Sheep and Goat may only be fed to milch and molasses /ton of clean water Hemorrhagic Septicemia Vaccine hyacinth. PPR Vaccine pregnant animals. FMD Vaccine Feed wastage may be reduced by Bales of hay and other dry fodder Goat pox Vaccine should be stored and covered Enterotoxemia Vaccine offering feed in small quantity with asbestos sheet or polythene Anthrax Vaccine as per endemicity feed in several times (4 times a sheet. Pigs day) Hemorrhagic Septicemia Vaccine Preserve crop by products like PPR Vaccine broken rice/ wheat/ maize, bran, FMD Vaccine chunies etc and dried plant of Goat pox Vaccine Aquatic plants like duck weed, masoor, moong, etc in bhuskar. Enterotoxemia Vaccine water hyacinth and banana plants The height of bhuska r may be Anthrax Vaccine as per endemicity. may be fed to dry and high (above the water level of
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last flood). Dogs unproductive animals along with Rabies Vaccine wheat straw. Sugarcane tops, 3, Creation of permanent fodder bamboo leaves and mango leaves seed banks in all flood prone Poultry may be fed to milching, pregnant areas. Mareks disease vaccine and small ruminants. When local RDV (F 1 & R 2B), FPV, grass will be available, may be 4. General precautions IBRV & fed to all animals. In case of EFW, harvest all the crops IBDV Newly grown grasses may (Sorghum, Maize, Rice, Wheat, contain high amount of nitrate. Horse gram, etc) that can be useful Care may be taken to feeding as fodder in future (store properly) grasses after flood water is Don’t allow the animals for grazing receded. Arrange for storing minimum required quantity of hay (25 50kg) and concentrates (25kgs) per There may be leaching of animals in farmer / LS keepers essential minerals due to water house / shed for feeding animals logging. So, mineral mixture during floods may be fed to all animals. Arrangement for transportation of Mineral mixture may be supplied animals from low lying area and also by the Govt. at subsidized rate. for rescue animal health workers. Keep animals untied in the shed. Permanent marking/ identification of Timely treatment of animals may animals. be done by increasing of number 5. Strengthening of co-operative of veterinary dispensary and sectors in flood prone areas for mobile veterinary clinics. milk marketing and inputs of Medicine may be supplied at free medicine, seed, feed and of cost. Flood prone zones are veterinary care. One person in susceptible to liver fluke, so, each village may be trained with drug may be given to control primary veterinary health care
29 and emergency rescue operation. fluke infestation. 6. Emergency kit preparation Emergency medicine Smoke may be generated at night Temporary shelter inside the shed to prevent animals from mosquito bite. Torch Rope Farmers may be given soft loan for purchase of new animals. Cooperative society may be extended to this area which will help in following
1. Society will provide loan through bank. In a month, price of 3 weeks milk will be given to the farmers and 1 week price will be given to bank for repay of loan. 2. Farmers will get medicine at wholesale rate. 3. Concentrate feed will be provided by co operative at subsidized rate. 4. Timely treatment of animals will be done. 5. Marketing channel for milk will be
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steady. Subsidy may be given for construction of temporary animals shed (Bamboo based).
Animals should come under insurance coverage.
Small scale income generating activities like backyard poultry, duckery, goatery may be started. For this purpose, farms may be developed in non flood prone zones where these animals will be raised up to certain age and will be distributed to the affected farmers for immediate income generation.
Fodder cultivation may be encouraged with supply of fodder seed.
Heat & Cold Arrangement for protection from Allow the animals early in the morning or late in the Feed the animals as per routine wave heat wave evening for grazing during heat waves schedule i) Plantation around the shed Allow for grazing between 10AM to 3PM during cold Allow the animals for grazing ii) Water sprinklers / foggers in waves (normal timings) the shed ot frequent Feed green fodder/silage / concentrates during day washing of animals. time and roughages / hay during night time in case of iii) Application of white heat waves reflector paint on the Add 25 50 ml of edible oil in concentrates and fed to roof or putting rice the animal during cold waves. Molasses may be added
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straw on the roof of the in the concentrate feed during heat waves. shed. Put on the foggers / sprinkerlers and frequent washing Cold wave : Covering all the wire of animals during heat weaves and heaters during meshed walls / open area with gunny cold waves bags/ polyethylene sheets (with a In severe cases, vitamin ‘C’ and electrolytes should be mechanism for lifting during the day added in H 2O during heat waves. time and putting down during night Apply / sprinkle lime powder in the animal shed time) during cold waves to neutralize ammonia accumulation
Health and Specify the endemic diseases Rescue of sick and injured animals and their Conducting psahu sibir, mass Disease (species wise) in that region. treatment animal health camps, fertility camps and deworming camps. management Identification of veterinary staff and Conducting mass animal health camps animal health workers. Conducting fertility camps. Constitution of Rapid Action Disposal of carcass by above Veterinary Force Animals may be checked for any external injury and means. illness, Pregnant animals may be checked for any Pregnancy toxemia may occur due to discomfort and uneasiness. prolonged under feeding. Storage of emergency medicines and Hypoglycemia is also observed. medical kits Treatment may be provided to Timely vaccination (as per enclosed Animals may be dewormed with suitable anti parasitic affected animals.
vaccination schedule) against all drug and be checked and treated for ecto parasites, if endemic diseases Adequate attention is to be paid any. Deworming will improve fodder and feed to disinfect the premises of Surveillance and disease monitoring absorption. temporary sheds with the help of network establishment bleaching powder, phenol, carbolic acid etc. In no case the Provision for mobile ambulatory During flood do not leave halter or headstalls on carcass/ cadaver should come in van. animals. contact with healthy animals
rehabilitated in sheds. Do not tie animals together when releasing.
During flood cases of malaria, Report the location, identification and disposition of diarrhea, respiratory infection,
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livestock and poultry to authorities handling the fever, injury, leg gangrene, disaster. water born diseases and snake bite may be high. Precaution During flood cases of malaria, diarrhea, respiratory may be taken to treat the infection, fever, injury, leg gangrene and snake bite affected animals may be high. Precaution may be taken to treat the affected animals. Diseases that can occur during flood should be given special attention and accordingly medicines should be made available in the health camp for the following mentioned diseases. Salmonella spp. Escherichia coli Giardiasis Amoebiasis Rotavirus Leptospirosis Scabies Black leg Malignant Edema Foot rot Anthrax Botulism Tetanus Red water Black disease Entertoxemia Liver fluke Amphistomiasis Brooders pneumonia
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Malaria
Insurance Encouraging insurance of livestock Listing out the details of the dead animals Submission for insurance claim and availing insurance benefit Purchase of new productive animals
Drinking Rain water harvesting and create Restrict wallowing of animals in water Specify the options (place and water water bodies/watering points (when bodies/resources area) for establishment of water is scarce use only as drinking drinking water reserves water for animals) Identification of water resources
Vaccination schedule in small ruminants (Sheep & Goat)
Disease Season
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) Before rainy season and in winter / autumn
PPR All seasons, preferably in June July
Black quarter (BQ) May / June
Enterotoxaemia (ET) May
Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) March / June
Sheep pox (SP) December / March
Vaccination programme for cattle and buffalo:
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Disease Age and season at vaccination
Anthrax In endemic areas only, Feb to May
HS May to June
BQ May to June
FMD November to December
2.5.2 Poultry
Suggested contingency measures
Before the event a During the event After the event
Drought
Floods
Shortage of feed ingredients In case of EFW, shift the birds Use stored feed as Routine practices are followed to safer place supplement Storing of house hold grain like Don’t allow for scavenging maize, broken rice, wheat etc, Culling of weak birds
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Drinking water Provide clean drinking water Sanitation of drinking water Sanitation of drinking water
Health and disease management In case of EFW, add antibiotic Sanitation of poultry house Disposal of dead birds by powder in drinking water to with bleaching powder/ lime burning / burying with line prevent any disease outbreak etc. powder in pit Treatment of affected birds Disposal of poultry manure to Prevent water logging prevent protozoal problem surrounding the sheds Supplementation of Assure supply of electricity coccidiostatis in feed Sprinkle lime powder to Vaccination against RD prevent ammonia accumulation due to dampness
Cyclone
Shortage of feed ingredients In case of EFW, shift the birds Use stored feed as Routine practices are followed to safer place supplement Storing of house hold grain like Don’t allow for scavenging maize, broken rice, bajra etc, Protect from thunder storms Culling of weak birds
Drinking water Provide clean drinking water Sanitation of drinking water Sanitation of drinking water
Health and disease management In case of EFW, add antibiotic Sanitation of poultry house Disposal of dead birds by powder in drinking water to Treatment of affected birds burning / burying with line prevent any disease outbreak powder in pit Prevent water logging surrounding the sheds Disposal of poultry manure to prevent protozoal problem Assure supply of electricity Supplementation of
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Sprinkle lime powder to coccidiostats in feed prevent ammonia Vaccination against RD accumulation due to dampness
Heat wave and cold wave
Heat wave
Shelter/environment management Provision of proper shelter with In severe cases, Routine practices are followed good ventilation foggers/water sprinklers/wetting of hanged gunny bags should be arranged Don’t allow for scavenging during mid day
Health and disease management Deworming and vaccination Supplementation of house Routine practices are followed against RD and fowl pox hold grain Provide cool and clean drinking water with electrolytes and Vitamin C In hot summer, add anti stress probiotics in drinking water or feed. Increase energy and vitamin concentration in feed (supplementation with grain).
Cold wave
Shelter/environment management Provision of proper shelter Close all openings with Routine practices are followed
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Arrangement for brooding polythene sheets Assure supply of continuous In severe cases, arrange electricity heaters Don’t allow for scavenging during early morning and late evening
Health and disease management Arrangement for protection from Supplementation of grains Routine practices are followed chilled air Antibiotics in drinking water to protect birds from pneumonia
2.5.3 Fisheries/ Aquaculture Suggested contingency measures Before the event a During the event After the event Drought A. Capture Marine Inland (i) Shallow water depth due to insufficient rains/inflow (ii) Changes in water quality (iii) Any other B. Aquaculture (i) Shallow water in ponds due to (i) Thinning of population (i) Partial harvesting (i) Maintenances of remaining insufficient rains/inflow (ii) Arrangement of water supply (ii) Addition of water stock till favorable condition from external resource (iii) Stocking of air breathing achieved fishes (Singhi, Magur or (ii) If not feasible, total (iii) Deepening of ponds for more Murrel) harvesting or transfer of storage of water fishes may be done. (iii) Preparation of the pond for next crop.
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(ii) Impact of salt load build up in (i) Regular monitoring of water (i) Arrangement of aeration. (i) 10 to 15% exchange of water ponds / change in water quality quality parameter. (ii) Addition of water (ii) Arrangement of aeration (iii) Monitoring of water quality (iii) Addition of water from (iv) Reduction of manuring external resource according to water level. (iii) Any other 2) Floods A. Capture Marine Inland (i) No. of boats / nets/damaged (ii) No. of houses damaged (iii) Loss of stock (iv) Changes in water quality (v) Health and diseases B. Aquaculture (i) Inundation with flood water (i) Elevation/ Renovation of pond i. Collection of naturally bred i. Retain the water in pond dyke. seeds (Spawn /fry immediately after flood (ii) Sale of table size /marketable /fingerling) from flooded through repairing of damaged size fishes water dyke etc. ii. Stocking in nursery ponds ii. Netting of pond (iii) construction of earthen for rearing. iii. Removal of unwanted, nursery ponds in upland areas predatory/weed fishes iii. Enhancement of dykes by iv. Sale of large size fishes sand bags (ii) Water contamination and Arrangement of regular water Use of KMnO 4 as prophylactics changes in water quality quality monitoring (iii) Health and diseases i. Use lime @ 200 kg/ ha / Use of Potassium permanganate Sampling of fishes and water for Potassium permanganate as prophylactics disease analysis @ 2% Liming, use of drugs/ medicine if ii. Arrangement of CIFAX required and medicines & chemical stock (iv) Loss of stock and inputs (feed, Raising the height of dyke by Arrangement of advance size Stocking of large size fingerlings chemicals etc) fencing with net and bamboo fingerling/ yearlings for of carps poles to prevent loss of stock stocking Restoration of fertilization of pond
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Removal of culture inputs from and regular feeding of fish the site Harvesting and sale of fish (v) Infrastructure damage (pumps, Repairing/ arrangement of A regular water on the flood Re establishment of the infra aerators, huts etc) alternate safe place to keep pumps and infrastructure facilities. structural facility. aerators etc. (vi) Any other 3. Cyclone / Tsunami A. Capture Marine (i) Average compensation paid due to loss of fishermen lives (ii) Avg. no. of boats / nets/damaged (iii) Avg. no. of houses damaged Inland B. Aquaculture (i) Overflow / flooding of ponds (ii) Changes in water quality (fresh water / brackish water ratio) (iii) Health and diseases (iv) Loss of stock and inputs (feed, chemicals etc) (v) Infrastructure damage (pumps, aerators, shelters/huts etc) 4. Heat wave and cold wave A. Capture Marine Inland B. Aquaculture (i) Changes in pond environment (water quality) (ii) Health and Disease management
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