Guidelines for Ecotourism and Community-Based Management in Jigme Dorji National Park, Bhutan
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Gross National Happiness and Human Development – Searching for Common Ground
Gross National Happiness and Human Development – Searching for Common Ground Opening statement to the Workshop Lyonpo Jigmi Y. Thinley Chairman of the Council of Minister May I first of all express my immense pleasure to be here this morning to attend the inauguration of this important workshop. I would like to thank Lyonpo Yeshey Zimba, Chairman of the Planning Commission, for his warm words of welcome to all of us. I would like to extend my own greetings and welcome to all the participants from both Bhutan and other countries. All of you have taken considerable trouble to contribute to the discussion on Gross National Happiness, which was first enunciated by His Majesty the King. Your abiding interest in the concept has been one of the main stimuli to organise this workshop. I am glad to note that almost all of you, who responded to Kuensel’s publication of the keynote speech I made in the UNDP Millennium Meeting for Asia and the Pacific in Seoul, are present in the workshop. I would like to take this opportunity to say how very much I appreciated your contributions that helped to bring many aspects of the concept to the fore. The intellectual management and guidance of today’s workshop is in the hands of two experts in the area: Mr. A. K. Shiva Kumar, an economist and Mr. Sudhir Kakar, a psychological anthropologist. We thank UNDP for the support to field them, as well as for their generous assistance in many spheres of human development activities. The combination of a distinguished economist and a leading psychological anthropologist, as facilitators, is most appropriate for this workshop. -
Bhutan Tourism Monitor 2018
BHUTAN TOURISM MONITOR 2018 Publication of the Tourism Council of Bhutan BHUTAN TOURISM MONITOR 2018 Publication of the Tourism Council of Bhutan FOREWORD The Tourism Council of Bhutan is pleased to present the Bhutan Tourism Monitor (BTM) 2018– an annual statistical publication. This important report presents the performance of the tourism industry in the year 2018, market trends over the years, and various other analysis on the key aspects of tourism in Bhutan. The report also seeks to provide the tourism industry with information, findings and analyses to meet varied needs to support their marketing and commercial decisions relating to the sector. Bhutan’s tourism industry continued to grow in 2018 contributing significantly towards socio-economic development through revenue and foreign currency generation and employment creation amongst others. A total of 274,097 foreign individuals visited Bhutan in 2018 which is an increase of 7.61% over 2017. International leisure arrivals grew by 1.76% to 63,367 over 2017 while arrivals from the regional market grew by 10.37%. Bhutan continues to gain impetus in the international tourism community as a sustainable tourism destination which is evident from the growing popularity resulting in increasing arrivals annually. Bhutan was awarded the Earth Award by the Green Destinations in 2018 which was area-specific for the efforts and commitment of Bhutan in taking care of our mother Earth. Following the Earth Award, TCB pursued to conduct a large scale whole country GREEN assessment and Bhutan was presented with Green Destinations Gold Award after a thorough four months onsite and online auditing of the submissions made by TCB to the Green Destinations panel. -
Kinship and Language Documentation in Bhutan
Kinship and language documentation in Bhutan 3rd International Conference on Language Documentation & Conservation University of Hawai’i February 28-March 3, 2013 Karma Tshering Australian National University [email protected] Outline • Introduction to: Bhutan and its languages • Brief description of Dzongkha • Kinship charts comparing kinship terms in Dzongkha and Chöke • Conclusion 2 In South Asia Where is Bhutan? http://worldmap.org/maps/interactive/IN.jpg http://schmitzky.deviantart.com/art/World-Map-with-Grid-74061087 3 In the Himalayas, south of Tibet & north of north-east India Bhutan Courtesy of George van Driem 4 Looking towards north 5 At around 4500m 6 At around 2000m 7 Northern & southern: 8 Languages spoken in Bhutan: Language Number of Speakers Dzongkha 160,000 Chocangaca 20,000 Brokkat 300 Brokpa 5,000 Black Mountain Ole 1,000 Phobjikha 10,000 Khengkha 40,000 Bumthap 30,000 Kurtöp 10,000 Dzala 15,000 Dakpa 1,000 Tshangla 138,000 Lhokpu 2,500 Lepcha 2,000 Gongduk 2,000 van Driem (1998) 9 Dzongkha speaking area 10 Varieties of Dzongkha; dialects of ’Ngalobi-kha: • Layap: northwestern region in Laya/Lingzhi • Lunap: northeastern region in Lunana • Wang: central region in Thimphu • Thê, Pünap: central region in Punakha • D’agap: southwestern region in D’agana • Chukha: southeastern region in Chukha • Shâ: eastern region in Wangdi • Hâp/Parop: western region in Hâ and Paro, and • Dränjop (in the neighboring state of Sikkim) 11 Although linguists consider Dzongkha a dialect of Tibetan, (e.g. Tournadre 2008). The distinction -
A Tool for Bridging Digital Divide in Bhutan Binu Thomas Lecturer, Computer Science and Th
Geographic Information System - A Tool for Bridging Digital Divide in Bhutan Binu Thomas Lecturer, Computer Science And Th. Shanta Kumar Lecturer, Computer Science Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science Sherubtse College, Kanglung Bhutan Abstract Digital Divide refers to the gap between individuals, households, businesses and geographic areas at different socio-economic levels with regard to their opportunities to access information and communication technologies (ICTs) vis-à-vis their ability to use digital information for a wide variety of activities. The success of any developing country in the modern world depends on its ability to use the potentials of ICT in the process of development. Geographical Information System (GIS) is a potentially powerful device for integrating, manipulating and communicating information and it can be used as a powerful tool to bridge the Digital Divide by creating valuable reports and map representation for developing infrastructure and community development. Bhutan finds ICT as a driving force for the promotion of a sustainable, dynamic and vibrant Information Society, contributing to poverty alleviation, robust economic growth and significant increase in GNP. But Bhutan’s rugged geography and isolated, land- locked status makes digital divide a serious concern in its endeavor for development through ICT. In the light of these, the paper attempts to provide an insight about the extent of Digital Divide in Bhutan and its effect on the country’s pursuit of economic development and “Gross National Happiness” with the support of ICT. The paper also tries to emphasize on the role of GIS in bridging the Digital Divide in Bhutan by mapping the locations for infrastructure and community centre development. -
Water in Bhutan's Economy: Importance to Government
BRIEF Living Himalayas 2016 WATER IN BHUTAN’S ECONOMY: IMPORTANCE TO GOVERNMENT Bhutan is poised at a critical moment in its RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES development path. Having grown from a Least Developed Country (LDC) to a middle-income FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE economy, having transitioned to a parliamentary democracy, and having made significant strides in raising income levels without sparking income inequality, it now looks to continue shaping a prosperous future for its people. As the country designs its future, it has the ability to go down several distinct pathways. This is nowhere more true than in the context of water resources. Actions taken by Bhutan’s government today have the ability to fundamentally alter the trajectory of freshwater availability and quality in the country, which in turn will have economic consequences. It is important for decision-makers across all Ministries and Departments in the Bhutan’s government to understand the role of freshwater resources in the country’s economy, and become acquainted with key actions that can help preserve this natural capital. If decision-making by government is flawed or under-informed, Bhutan may have to correct unsustainable practices and redress negative externalities down the line. However, if decisions are made and executed well, aided by the tools described herein, they will help Bhutan remain on a sustainable and secure path of inclusive growth. Given the extent to which Bhutan’s economy – present and future – is underpinned by its river systems and the ecosystems the rivers support, it is the responsibility of every entity within the Royal Government of Bhutan to help maintain the health of our water resources, so that these resources can continue to support sustained economic growth and the achievement of Bhutan’s national development aspirations. -
In Pursuit of Happiness, Bhutan Opens to Globalization and Business
In Pursuit of Happiness, Bhutan Opens to Globalization and Business Kimberly A. Freeman, Ph.D. Mercer University Katherine C. Jackson Mercer University ABSTRACT The Kingdom of Bhutan, a small country situated on the border between China and India, has in recent years become a constitutional democratic monarchy. As part of its 2008 constitution, Bhutan committed to promote conditions that would enable the pursuit of Gross National Happiness. The country thus initiated an effort to improve the quality of life and happiness for its citizens and has embraced globalization far more than previously through attracting business, tourism, and communications. The author’s herein address some of the initiatives provide the context within which these efforts have arisen. Keywords: Bhutan; Gross National Happiness (GNH); Globalization; Constitutional democratic monarchy 1. Introduction In 2006, the 4th King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, decided he wanted to open Bhutan up to the world and usher in modernization. Forty years ago, in 1972, Bhutan’s fourth king stated that “Bhutan should pursue Gross National Happiness (GNH) rather than Gross National Product (GNP)…with an emphasis not only on economic growth, but also on culture, mental health, social values, compassion, and community” (Sachs, 2011, p. 2) He chose to abdicate the throne to his eldest son and announced Bhutan would hold its first general elections in 2008. His son, King Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck, took the throne of the new democratic Bhutan on December 14, 2006. Jigme Yoser Thinley was elected prime minister in the election, and Bhutan’s constitution was ratified on July 18, 2008. The concept of GNH has a very long history in Bhutan. -
The Integration of Campsites in Cultural Landscapes: Architectural Actions on the Catalan Coast, Spain
sustainability Article The Integration of Campsites in Cultural Landscapes: Architectural Actions on the Catalan Coast, Spain Xavier Martín * , Anna Martínez and Isabela de Rentería IAR Group, School of Architecture La Salle, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (I.d.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 June 2020; Accepted: 6 August 2020; Published: 12 August 2020 Abstract: Over the last 60 years, the development of tourism in Spain has produced an unprecedented occupation of the territory. Urban growth, hotels and infrastructures have transformed much of the natural environment. This phenomenon has irreversibly altered conditions of regions with great landscape value, putting their cultural heritage at risk. Yet, the campsite is a model of tourist settlement based on shared living in the open natural space. It promotes minimal and temporary interventions in the territory, by means of transportable accommodations with precise occupations of place, leaving a slight footprint. Therefore, architecture contributes to affording the order and services that these individual artifacts cannot provide by themselves. In terms of slight land occupation and natural qualities preservation, the campsite has proven to be one of the most responsible tourist models. It is an opportunity for the future: a resource for landscape integration and local dynamics reactivation. We present a set of architectural actions for the integration of campsites in cultural landscapes along the Catalan coast. These are recommendations catalogued by means of a diagnosis tool that proposes strategies at different levels, from enclosure to lodgings. Focusing on end-users, this research fosters cultural identity preservation and responsible communal living in nature. -
Development and Its Impacts on Traditional Dispute Resolution in Bhutan
Washington University Journal of Law & Policy Volume 63 New Directions in Domestic and International Dispute Resolution 2020 Formalizing the Informal: Development and its Impacts on Traditional Dispute Resolution in Bhutan Stephan Sonnenberg Seoul National University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_journal_law_policy Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons Recommended Citation Stephan Sonnenberg, Formalizing the Informal: Development and its Impacts on Traditional Dispute Resolution in Bhutan, 63 WASH. U. J. L. & POL’Y 143 (2020), https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_journal_law_policy/vol63/iss1/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Journal of Law & Policy by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FORMALIZING THE INFORMAL: DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPACTS ON TRADITIONAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BHUTAN Stephan Sonnenberg* INTRODUCTION Bhutan is a small landlocked country with less than a million inhabitants, wedged between the two most populous nations on earth, India and China.1 It is known for its stunning Himalayan mountain ranges and its national development philosophy of pursuing “Gross National Happiness” (GNH).2 This paper argues, however, that Bhutan should also be known for its rich heritage of traditional dispute resolution. That system kept the peace in Bhutanese villages for centuries: the product of Bhutan’s unique history and its deep (primarily Buddhist) spiritual heritage. Sadly, these traditions are today at risk of extinction, victims—it is argued below—of Bhutan’s extraordinary process of modernization. -
A Study on Sustainable Tourism Development in Bhutan: Quantifying the Awareness of Millennial People of Bhutan Towards Sustainable Development
JOURNAL OF TOURISM INTELLIGENCE AND SMARTNESS Year (Yıl): 2019 Volume (Cilt): 2 Issue (Sayı): 1 Pages (Sayfa): 1/13 A STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BHUTAN: QUANTIFYING THE AWARENESS OF MILLENNIAL PEOPLE OF BHUTAN TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Md. Tariqul Islam1 Lovely Professional University, Airlines Tourism and Hospitality Management, India E-mail: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-7367-2989 Aswajit Boro Lovely Professional University, Airlines Tourism and Hospitality Management, India E-mail: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-6091-1066 Namgay Phuntsho Lovely Professional University, Airlines Tourism and Hospitality Management, India E-mail: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-9499-2199 Abstract Sustainable development in the tourism industry is the key concern in this present world. Many countries are trying to focus Article Info: on that. Tourism policy of Bhutan is focusing on sustainable development to conserve the natural and cultural heritage and Received: 17-04-2019 improving the prosperity of the residents which is the general Accepted: 24-04-2019 idea of Gross National Happiness (GNH). The government of Bhutan has already taken many steps to develop the tourism industry as it is the major source of the country’s economy. But it is not possible to develop the tourism industry without the Keywords: participation of local people. Millennial people are an important Sustainable Tourism part of the local people and those millennial will dominate the Gross National Happiness tourism industry as they are the future of tomorrow. That’s why Government Initiatives millennial people should be aware of sustainable development for Millennial People a better future. On this research, we have tried to quantify the Bhutan awareness of millennial people towards sustainable tourism development. -
Gross National Happiness in Bhutan: a Living Example of an Alternative Approach to Progress
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Social Impact Research Experience (SIRE) Wharton Undergraduate Research 9-2009 Gross National Happiness in Bhutan: A Living Example of an Alternative Approach to Progress Alejandro Adler University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/sire Part of the Business Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Adler, Alejandro, "Gross National Happiness in Bhutan: A Living Example of an Alternative Approach to Progress" (2009). Social Impact Research Experience (SIRE). 1. https://repository.upenn.edu/sire/1 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/sire/1 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gross National Happiness in Bhutan: A Living Example of an Alternative Approach to Progress Abstract As a society we care about what we measure, we use what we measure, and what we measure drives policies and society in a particular direction. We therefore need to measure progress correctly. If societies blindly accept GDP as their measure of progress, they might be trying to maximize the wrong indicator for society. In this paper I present Bhutan as a living example of a society that has opened a national dialogue about what progress means, and they have created the Gross National Happiness (GNH) index to reflect their understanding of progress. Furthermore, the political and economic architecture of Bhutan is structured around maximizing GNH rather than GDP. Institutions in Bhutan use the GNH index and a series of instruments of policy to construct policies that promote GNH. We can draw a number of lessons from the Bhutanese experiment, namely that each individual society should strive to answer the following three questions: • What does progress mean? • How do we develop indicators that measure progress? • How de we use indicators to shape policies and institutions? All societies seek to create wellbeing for individuals. -
Sample Itineraries for Bold & Gold Expeditions All Backpacking Trips
*Note: The itineraries given therein are intended to be a sample schedule of each type of trip. These may change due to circumstances such as weather and the skill level of participants. *SAMPLE ITINERARIES FOR BOLD & GOLD EXPEDITIONS ALL BACKPACKING TRIPS DAILY TRAVEL TIME Hiking mileage will vary from trip to trip, but groups will cover between 3-10 miles a day *SAMPLE ITINERARY Day 1: Arrive at base camp, gear check, safety briefing, lunch, shuttle to trail head campsite Days 2-4: Hike to new camping destination, explore around their campsite, cook dinner, enjoy team-building activities Day 3, 4 or 5: Layover Day: a chance to camp at the same spot 2 nights in a row. Day hiking, exploring the area, outdoor skills, games FOR 1-WEEK TRIPS: Day 6-7: Final backpacking day Day 8: Return to Basecamp in Seattle, unpack gear, closing circle FOR 2-WEEK TRIPS: Days 6-7: Participants continue to learn about each other through team-building activities and take turns being “leader of the day” on the trail Day 8: A staff member will meet the group at a front country campsite with a re-ration of food and supplies Days 9-13: Participants will take on more responsibility and leadership, practicing Leave No Trace principles, cooking meals for the group and navigating the terrain. There will be another layover day Day 14: Final backpacking day Day 15: Return to Basecamp in Seattle, unpack gear, closing circle 1 WEEK TRIPS: 2 WEEK TRIPS: • Backpacking & Fishing • American Alps • Backpacking & Yoga • Backpacking & Leadership • Beyond City Limits • Backpacks, Beaches & Boulders** • Call of the North Cascades • Backpacks & Kayaks*** • Cascade Challenge • Mountain & Music • Fierce & Fabulous • Powerful Gifts**** • Make A Scene: Art & Backpacking • Olympic Coastal Backpacking • Olympic Coastal Challenge • Poets & Peaks • She-Nannigans! *Note: The itineraries given therein are intended to be a sample schedule of each type of trip. -
Bhutan Highlights Tour TOUR OVERVIEW August 1
Bhutan Highlights Tour TOUR OVERVIEW August 1 – August 8/9 2020 7 nights in Bhutan SUMMARY Our Bhutan highlights tour is designed by Koryo tours and its local partners to give you a brief but insightful look into the Bhutanese way of life. Join us on this exhilarating journey as we discover not only the untouched culture and tradition of Bhutan, but catch a glimpse of its unique and rich cultural heritage. Your Bhutan travel adventure will take you on a journey around the highlights of Bhutan, as well as to see some exclusive and unexplored areas of this mysterious country. This includes a trip to a local families house in Bhutan where we will enjoy a feel for local life, and a trip to a school in Bhutan to see the local Bhutanese children studying (or playing) hard. A tour to one of the worlds most unusual countries must strike first at its 50-year-old capital Thimphu, after landing in Paro Airport - Bhutan's only international airport and labelled as "the world's most dangerous flight landing". This vibrant young capital offers the old and the new. Enjoy a freshly brewed coffee whilst gazing at the red- robed monks mixing in with Bhutan's modern crowds with a snow-capped mountain background. Our Bhutan tours continue to the lush green valleys of Punakha and beyond to Phobjikha. Along the way, we'll visit homes, temples, a school and of course Bhutan's ultimate highlight; the Tiger's Nest Monastery. All the while travelling across the vast empty lands of this country surrounded by mountains and never-ending stunning landscapes.