Strike-Slip Basin – Its Configuration and Sedimentary Facies
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Chapter 13 Anatomy of the Andaman–Nicobar Subduction System From
Downloaded from http://mem.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 29, 2021 Chapter 13 Anatomy of the Andaman–Nicobar subduction system from seismic reflection data SATISH C. SINGH* & RAPHAE¨ LE MOEREMANS Laboratoire de Geoscience Marine, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris Cedex 05, France *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Andaman–Nicobar subduction system is the northwestern segment of the Sunda subduction system, where the Indian Plate subducts beneath the Sunda Plate in a nearly arc-parallel direction. The entire segment ruptured during the 2004 great Andaman–Sumatra earthquake (Mw ¼ 9.3). Using recently acquired high-resolution seismic reflection data, we charac- terize the shallow structure of the whole Andaman–Nicobar subduction system from west to east, starting from the nature of the subducting plate in the Bay of Bengal to back-arc spreading in the Andaman Sea. We find that the Ninety-East Ridge is overlain by thick continental margin sediments beneath the recent Bengal Fan sediments. The boundary between these two sedimentary units defines the plate interface. We observe evidence of re-activation of fracture zones on the subducting plate beneath the forearc, influencing the morphology of the upper plate. The forearc region, which includes the accretionary wedge, the forearc high and the forearc basin, is exceptionally wide (250 km). We observe an unusually large bathymetric depression within the forearc high. The forearc high is bounded in the east by a normal fault, whereas the forearc basin contains an active backthrust. The forearc basin is floored by the continental crust of Malayan Peninsula origin. -
The Central Asia Collision Zone: Numerical Modelling of the Lithospheric Structure and the Present-Day Kinematics
Th e Central Asia collision zone: numerical modelling of the lithospheric structure and the present - day kinematics Lavinia Tunini A questa tesi doctoral està subjecta a l a llicència Reconeixement - NoComercial – SenseObraDerivada 3.0. Espanya de Creative Commons . Esta tesis doctoral está sujeta a la licencia Reconocimiento - NoComercial – SinObraDerivada 3.0. España de Creative Commons . Th is doctoral thesis is license d under the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivs 3.0. Spain License . The Central Asia collision zone: numerical modelling of the lithospheric structure and the present-day kinematics Ph.D. thesis presented at the Faculty of Geology of the University of Barcelona to obtain the Degree of Doctor in Earth Sciences Ph.D. student: Lavinia Tunini 1 Supervisors: Tutor: Dra. Ivone Jiménez-Munt 1 Prof. Dr. Juan José Ledo Fernández 2 Prof. Dr. Manel Fernàndez Ortiga 1 1 Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera 2 Department of Geodynamics and Geophysics of the University of Barcelona This thesis has been prepared at the Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) March 2015 Alla mia famiglia La natura non ha fretta, eppure tutto si realizza. – Lao Tzu Agradecimientos En mano tenéis un trabajo de casi 4 años, 173 páginas que no hubieran podido salir a luz sin el apoyo de quienes me han ayudado durante este camino, permitiendo acabar la Tesis antes que la Tesis acabase conmigo. En primer lugar quiero agradecer mis directores de tesis, Ivone Jiménez-Munt y Manel Fernàndez. Gracias por haberme dado la oportunidad de entrar en el proyecto ATIZA, de aprender de la modelización numérica, de participar a múltiples congresos y presentaciones, y, mientras, compartir unas cervezas. -
Cathaysia, Gondwanaland, and the Paleotethys in the Evolution of Continental Southeast Asia
GEOSEA V Proceedings Vol. !!, Ceo!. Soc. Malaysia, Bullelin20, August 1986; pp. 179-199 Cathaysia, Gondwanaland, and the Paleotethys in the evolution of continental Southeast Asia YURI G. GATINSKY1 AND CHARLES S. HUTCHISO 2 1All-Union Institute of Geology of Foreign Countries, Dimitrova, 7 Moscow, 109180, U.S.S.R. 2Department of Geology, University of Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Abstract: Continental Southeast A ia is dominated by Precambrian continenral blocks overlain by Late Proterozoic to Paleozoic platform successions, representing Atlantic-type rifted miogeocl inal margins. All the blocks appear to have rifted and drifted from the Australian part of Gondwanaland. The timing and extent of their eparati on is analysed by the distribution of Penni an Cathaysian Gigamop leris and Gondwana Glossop1eris floras, assisted by dated tectono-structural units, paleoclimate indicators, and good quality paleomagnetic data. Between the blocks lie narrow intensely folded Phanerozoic mobile belts, which developed on the oceanic crust of the Paleotethys ocean, characterized by pelagic-turbidite flysch equences which shallowed as the oceans narrowed. The narrowing was effected by subduction resulting in island arcs within the oceans, and cordilleran volcano-plutonic arcs along the block margin . Extinction of the bas ins resulted in collision zones containing S-type granites and utu re zones containing dismembered ophi olites. Post-consolidation pl ate readju tments resulted in wrench and rift fa ulting in several places while convergence conti nued elsewhere. The tectonic analysis has been carried out by recognizing tectonic elements (structural-formati onal unit ~) for selected Phanerozoic time frame . We also pre ent a Phanerozoic sequence of palinspatic reconstructiors for the ri fti ng and drifting of the blocks from northern Australia. -
NOAA/West Coast and Alaska Tsunami
ISSN 8755-6839 SCIENCE OF TSUNAMI HAZARDS The International Journal of The Tsunami Society Volume 27 Number 2 Published Electronically 2008 NOAA/WEST COAST AND ALASKA TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER PACIFIC OCEAN RESPONSE CRITERIA 1 Paul Whitmore - NOAA/West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center - Palmer, Alaska Harley Benz – USGS/National Earthquake Information Center - Golden, Colorado Maiclaire Bolton – British Columbia Provincial Emergency Program - Victoria, British Columbia George Crawford – Washington Emergency Management Division – Camp Murray, Washington Lori Dengler – Humboldt State University – Arcata, California Gerard Fryer – NOAA/Pacific Tsunami Warning Center – Ewa Beach, Hawaii Jim Goltz – California Office of Emergency Services – Pasadena, California Roger Hansen – University of Alaska, Fairbanks – Fairbanks, Alaska Kelli Kryzanowski – British Columbia Provincial Emergency Program - Victoria, British Columbia Steve Malone – University of Washington – Seattle, Washington David Oppenheimer – USGS/Earthquake Hazards Team – Menlo Park, California Ervin Petty – Alaska Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management - Anchorage, Alaska Garry Rogers – Geological Survey of Canada, Pacific Geoscience Centre, Sidney, British Columbia Jay Wilson – Oregon Emergency Management –Salem, Oregon DID A SUBMARINE SLIDE TRIGGER THE 1918 PUERTO RICO TSUNAMI? 22 Matthew J. Hornbach1, Steven A. Mondziel2, Nancy R. Grindlay2, Cliff Frohlich1, Paul Mann1 1The Institute for Geophysics, The Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. / 2 University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Department of Geography and Geology. Wilmington, North Carolina, USA. TSUNAMIGENIC SOURCES IN THE INDIAN OCEAN 32 R. K. Jaiswal, B. K. Rastogi – Inst. of Seismological Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat (India), Tad S. Murty- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR PALEO-TSUNAMIS IN SRI LANKA 54 Kapila Dahanayake and Nayomi Kulasena - Department of Geology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka. -
Back Matter (PDF)
Index References in italics are to Tables or Figures accretionary prisms and complexes Bacan 445 Banda arc 53, 57 crustal isotopic signature 448-9 Borneo 252, 253 K/Ar dating 502, 503, 505 Songpan Ganzi 99 plate setting 483 Sumatra 23-4 Sibela continental suite 483-4 Timor trough 81-2 Sibela ophiolite 486-7 Visayas 515-16 tectonic evolution 490-3 Aceh sliver microplate 22-3 Tertiary stratigraphy 487-90, 501 Adang fault 382-3 Bacan Formation 487, 491 Aibi-Xingxing suture 99 Bakit Mersing line 248, 252 Aifam Group 468 Balangbaru Formation 359-61,366, 367 Ailaoshan belt 540 Ban Ang Formation 236 Ailaoshan suture 99, 106 Ban Thalat Formation 236 Aileu Formation 57 Banda arc 11, 47, 64, 451 Air Bangis granite 331,333 backarc region 56, 68-70 Aitape Basin 527 forearc structure 68 Ala Shan terrane 99 indentor model 70-2 Altyn Tagh fault 124, 125 orogen evolution 57-8 Amasing Formation 489 reflection profiles Ambon 445 methods 48-9 crustal isotopic signature 447-8 results 49-56 amphibolite, Darvel Bay 265 Banda arc (east) see Aru trough Andaman Sea 160 Banda orogen 194-5, 197, 451 Anggi granite 468 Banda Ridges 445 apatite fission track analysis crustal isotopic signature 449 Papua New Guinea 528-31 Banda Sea Thailand 244-5 Miocene history 462 western Sulawesi 404-6, 424 Miocene setting 144-5 4°mr/39Ar ages, Kaibobo complex 457-9 tectonic blocks 140, 141 arc-continent collision 525 tectonic setting 175-7 Arip Volcanics 253 Bangdu Formation 541 Aru trough 86-7 Banggai granite 474 deformation front 92-4 Banggai Island stratigraphy 474 gravity data -
July 31, 1977. SIO Reference 77-31
University of California, San Diego Marine Physical Laboratory of The Scripps Institution Of Oceanography La Jolla, California 92093 Cruise Report, INDOPAC Expedition, Legs 9 through 16 January 12–July 31, 1977 SIO REFERENCE 77-31 Edited by Delpha D. McGowan, George G. Shor, Jr. and Stuart M. Smith Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the U.S. Government F. N. Spiess, Director Marine Physical Laboratory 23 November 1977 ― 1 ― ABSTRACT In the first half of 1977, the R/V Thomas Washington of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography continued work on INDOPAC Expedition, starting from Guam, Marianas, and ending in San Diego. Geophysical and geological programs were carried out in the marginal seas of southeast Asia; biological and physical oceanographic programs were carried out near Guam, and in the central and eastern Pacific. This report includes a brief summary of the work on each cruise leg, a chronology, cruise tracks, and lists of stations, samples, and observations. Work on leg 13 was in cooperation with the K/M Samudera of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences. INTRODUCTION INDOPAC Expedition started in March, 1976, when the R/V Thomas Washington left San Diego and headed across the Pacific carrying out programs in physical oceanography that terminated at Guam in June, 1976. Programs in marine geology and geophysics, mostly part of the SEATAR cooperative program of study of the tectonics and resources of southeast Asia offshore areas, were carried out from June to September, 1976 concluding at Guam. The ship went into lay-up status in Guam, in October, pending resumption of the work. -
Detailed Geometry of the Subducting Indian Plate Beneath the Burma Plate and Subcrustal Seismicity in the Burma Plate Derived from Joint Hypocenter Relocation
Earth Planets Space, 64, 333–343, 2012 Detailed geometry of the subducting Indian Plate beneath the Burma Plate and subcrustal seismicity in the Burma Plate derived from joint hypocenter relocation Nobuo Hurukawa1,PaPaTun2, and Bunichiro Shibazaki1 1International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (IISEE), Building Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0802, Japan 2Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, Ministry of Transport, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar (Received May 20, 2011; Revised October 17, 2011; Accepted October 31, 2011; Online published May 25, 2012) With the aim of delineating the subducting Indian Plate beneath the Burma Plate, we have relocated earthquakes by employing teleseismic P-wave arrival times. We were able to obtain the detailed geometry of the subducting Indian Plate by constructing iso-depth contours for the subduction earthquakes at depths of 30–140 km. The strikes of the contours are oriented approximately N-S, and show an “S” shape in map view. The strike of the slab is N20◦Eat25◦N, but moving southward, the strike rotates counterclockwise to N20◦Wat20◦N, followed by a clockwise rotation to a strike of N10◦E at 17.5◦N, where slab earthquakes no longer occur. The plate boundary north of 20◦N might exist near, or west, of the coast line of Myanmar. The mechanisms of subduction earthquakes are down-dip extension, and T axes are oriented parallel to the local dip of the slab. Subcrustal seismicity occurs at depths of 20–50 km in the Burma Plate. This activity starts near the 60-km-depth contour of the subduction earthquakes and becomes shallower toward the Sagaing Fault, indicating that this fault is located where the cut-off depth of the seismicity becomes shallower. -
The Tectonic Framework of the Sumatran Subduction Zone
ANRV374-EA37-15 ARI 23 March 2009 12:21 The Tectonic Framework of the Sumatran Subduction Zone Robert McCaffrey Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2009. 37:345–66 Key Words by University of California - San Diego on 06/16/09. For personal use only. First published online as a Review in Advance on Sumatra, subduction, earthquake, hazards, geodesy December 4, 2008 The Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences is Abstract Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2009.37:345-366. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org online at earth.annualreviews.org The great Aceh-Andaman earthquake of December 26, 2004 and its tragic This article’s doi: consequences brought the Sumatran region and its active tectonics into the 10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100212 world’s focus. The plate tectonic setting of Sumatra has been as it is today Copyright c 2009 by Annual Reviews. for tens of millions of years, and catastrophic geologic events have likely All rights reserved been plentiful. The immaturity of our understanding of great earthquakes 0084-6597/09/0530-0345$20.00 and other types of geologic hazards contributed to the surprise regarding the location of the 2004 earthquake. The timing, however, is probably best understood simply in terms of the inevitability of the infrequent events that shape the course of geologic progress. Our best hope is to improve under- standing of the processes involved and decrease our vulnerability to them. 345 ANRV374-EA37-15 ARI 23 March 2009 12:21 INTRODUCTION The island of Sumatra (Figure 1) forms the western end of the Indonesian archipelago and until recently was perhaps best known to the world for its coffee, though perhaps not so much as Java, its neighbor to the east. -
Volcanic Eruptions of the Barren Island, Andaman Sea
192 by P. C. Bandopadhyay1 , Biswajit Ghosh2 and Mara Limonta3 A reappraisal of the eruptive history and recent (1991-2009) volcanic eruptions of the Barren Island, Andaman Sea 1 Department of Geology, University of Calcutta. Formerly with the Geological Survey of India, 40, Bajeshibpur Road, Howrah - 711 102, West Bengal, India. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Geology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata - 700019. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] The Barren Island volcano in the Western Sunda Arc Introduction has displayed explosive Strombolian eruptions for more The active volcanic centre of Barren Island (12°15' N and 93°51' than two decades. This recent explosive event, together E) in the Andaman Sea, herein referred to as Barren volcano, is located with the historic and prehistoric volcanic landforms, 135 km northeast of Port Blair, Andaman Islands, India (Fig. 1). present reliable information about explosive Strombolian Narcondam, a dormant volcano lies 140 km north of the Barren Island. eruptions and the volcanological evolution of the Both of them lie on the chain of active volcanoes of Java and Sumatra and extinct volcanoes of Myanmar, known as Neogene inner arc Barren Island volcano. This study is a re-evaluation of volcanic belt of Southeast Asia (Fig. 1). It is believed that the Barren existing knowledge and incorporates new information volcano erupted first in prehistoric time (late Pleistocene; Shankar et and interpretations of the recent and past volcanic al., 2001). -
The Earth's Lithosphere-Documentary
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310021377 The Earth's Lithosphere-Documentary Presentation · November 2011 CITATIONS READS 0 1,973 1 author: A. Balasubramanian University of Mysore 348 PUBLICATIONS 315 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Indian Social Sceince Congress-Trends in Earth Science Research View project Numerical Modelling for Prediction and Control of Saltwater Encroachment in the Coastal Aquifers of Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu View project All content following this page was uploaded by A. Balasubramanian on 13 November 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. THE EARTH’S LITHOSPHERE- Documentary By Prof. A. Balasubramanian University of Mysore 19-11-2011 Introduction Earth’s environmental segments include Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Lithosphere is the basic solid sphere of the planet earth. It is the sphere of hard rock masses. The land we live in is on this lithosphere only. All other spheres are attached to this lithosphere due to earth’s gravity. Lithosphere is a massive and hard solid substratum holding the semisolid, liquid, biotic and gaseous molecules and masses surrounding it. All geomorphic processes happen on this sphere. It is the sphere where all natural resources are existing. It links the cyclic processes of atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Lithosphere also acts as the basic route for all biogeochemical activities. For all geographic studies, a basic understanding of the lithosphere is needed. In this lesson, the following aspects are included: 1. The Earth’s Interior. 2. -
Correlation Between Tectonic Plate Junctions and Great Earthquakes
Correlation between Tectonic Plate Junctions and Great Earthquakes N. Purnachandra Rao 1 and R. Pradeep Kumar 2 1. National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India 2. International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 019, India Abstract On 26th December 2004 an unusually large earthquake of magnitude 9.1 occurred off the coast of northern Sumatra, along the zone of subduction between the India and the Burma plates. This earthquake also triggered a killer tsunami causing massive death and destruction. On 28 March 2005, about 3 months later, another Great earthquake of magnitude 8.7 occurred just about 250 km southeast of the 26 December 2004 event. Such close spatial proximity of two Great earthquakes occurring within a very short span of 3 months is unprecedented. It is, however, interesting to note that the epicentral locations of these two Great earthquakes are very close to the quadruple-junction comprising the India, Burma, Australia and Sunda plates, suggesting the possibility of multiple plate interaction for generation of Great earthquakes. In general, a correlation between Great earthquakes and plate junctions appears to be true on a global scale, as is clearly demonstrated by an examination of epicentral locations of the world’s 12 largest earthquakes since the year 1900 (Figure 1). The details of these Great earthquakes and their locations with respect to tectonic plates are listed in Table 1. It can be seen that each of these Great earthquakes in the magnitude range of 8.5 to 9.5, falls very close to multiple plate junctions, with the exception of events 3 and 7 on the Western Aleutian trench. -
Cenozoic Geological and Plate Tectonic Evolution of SE Asia and the SW Paci®C: Computer-Based Reconstructions, Model and Animations
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 20 >2002) 353±431 www.elsevier.com/locate/jseaes Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Paci®c: computer-based reconstructions, model and animations Robert Hall* SE Asia Research Group, Department of Geology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK Received 10 November 2000, accepted 30 July 2001 Abstract A plate tectonic model for the Cenozoic development of the region of SE Asia and the SW Paci®c is presented and its implications are discussed. The model is accompanied by computer animations in a variety of formats, which can be viewed on most desktop computers. GPS measurements and present seismicity illustrate the high rates of motions and tectonic complexity of the region, but provide little help in long- term reconstruction. Plate boundaries shifted rapidly in the Cenozoic. During convergence of the major plates, there were numerous important episodes of extension, forming ocean basins and causing subsidence within continental regions, probably driven by subduction. Within eastern Indonesia, New Guinea and the Melanesian arcs, there are multiple Cenozoic sutures, with very short histories compared to most well-known older orogenic belts. They preserve a record of major changes in tectonics, including subduction polarity reversals, elimination of volcanic arcs, changing plate boundaries and extension within an overall contractional setting. Rapid tectonic changes have occurred within periods of less than 5 Ma. Many events would be overlooked or ignored in older orogenic belts, even when evidence is preserved, because high resolution dating is required to identify them, and the inference of almost simultaneous contraction and extension seems contradictory.