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SIR 2020-5125: 2016 Volcanic Activity in Alaska—Summary of Events And

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SIR 2020-5125: 2016 Volcanic Activity in Alaska—Summary of Events And Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Volcano Observatory, a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 2016 Volcanic Activity in Alaska—Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5125 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Aerial photograph of Pavlof Volcano taken at 20,000 feet showing the March 28, 2016, eruption. Photograph taken by the U.S. Coast Guard. Lieutenant Commander Nahshon Almandmoss was the Aircraft Commander. Petty Officer Austin Torres was the flight engineer. Photograph was taken from Coast Guard 1713, a HC-130H Hercules based at Air Station Kodiak. 2016 Volcanic Activity in Alaska—Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory By Cheryl E. Cameron, James P. Dixon, Christopher F. Waythomas, Alexandra M. Iezzi, Kristi L. Wallace, Robert G. McGimsey, and Katharine F. Bull Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Volcano Observatory, a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5125 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DAVID BERNHARDT, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey James F. Reilly II, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2020 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Suggested citation: Cameron, C.E., Dixon, J.P., Waythomas, C.F., Iezzi, A.M., Wallace, K.L., McGimsey, R.G., and Bull, K.F., 2020, 2016 Volcanic activity in Alaska—Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5125, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205125. ISSN 2328-0328 (online) iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Volcanic Activity in Alaska ...........................................................................................................................8 Mount Wrangell ....................................................................................................................................9 Mount Spurr .........................................................................................................................................10 lliamna Volcano ...................................................................................................................................13 Augustine Volcano ..............................................................................................................................14 Mount Douglas ....................................................................................................................................15 Katmai Group (Novarupta) ................................................................................................................16 Aniakchak Crater ................................................................................................................................19 Pavlof Volcano .....................................................................................................................................20 Frosty Peak...........................................................................................................................................28 Shishaldin Volcano .............................................................................................................................29 Makushin Volcano ..............................................................................................................................30 Bogoslof Island....................................................................................................................................31 Okmok Caldera ....................................................................................................................................36 Mount Cleveland .................................................................................................................................37 Korovin Volcano ..................................................................................................................................47 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................49 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................49 Glossary of Selected Terms and Acronyms ...........................................................................................52 Appendixes ...................................................................................................................................................53 iv Figures 1. Map showing 54 historically active volcanoes in Alaska, their monitored status, and place names used in this report .........................................................................................2 2. Aerial photograph showing exposed tephra deposits on the summit of Mount Wrangell ............................................................................................................................9 3. Aerial photograph of North Crater at the summit of Mount Wrangell ...............................10 4. Photograph showing the north-northwest flank of Mount Wrangell.................................10 5. Epicentral map showing clusters of distinct and zones of less-distinct seismicity near Mount Spurr in 2016 ..........................................................................................................11 6. U.S. Geological Survey photograph looking east-northeast towards a landslide on the north side of the Pothole Glacier valley ......................................................................12 7. Photograph showing the May 22, 2016, landslide on the east flank of Iliamna Volcano ...........................................................................................................................13 8. Graph showing seismicity at Augustine Volcano since 2000 ..............................................14 9. Map showing distribution of earthquakes near Mount Douglas ........................................15 10. U.S. Geological Survey photograph showing Alaska Volcano Observatory staff training US Coast Guard personnel on operation and maintenance of particulate monitor .....................................................................................................................16 11. Satellite image showing a cloud of resuspended ash from the Mount Katmai area, extending southeast over Shelikof Strait to the east coast of Kodiak Island on July 18, 2016 .................................................................................................................................17 12. Photograph of brown haze from an approaching cloud of resuspended ash from the Mount Katmai area on December 2, 2016 ........................................................................17 13. Satellite image showing resuspended ash from the 1912 Novarupta-Katmai eruption carried southeast from the Mount Katmai area towards Kodiak Island ...........................18 14. Graph showing particulate air quality data for Kodiak and Larsen Bay, Alaska on Kodiak Island during a resuspension event from the Mount Katmai and Novarupta area ...........................................................................................................................18 15. Photograph showing hazy conditions from an approaching dust cloud, resuspended from the Mount Katmai area on December 31, 2016 ....................................19 16. Chart showing the generalized chronology of eruptive activity at Pavlof Volcano in 2016 ...........................................................................................................................................22 17. Web-camera image from the Federal Aviation Administration Cold Bay, Alaska, northeast camera, March 25, 2016 ..........................................................................................23 18. Real-time seismic amplitude measurement plot from seismic station PS4A showing changes in RSAM associated with the March 28 eruptive period ....................23 19. Map of Pavlof Volcano showing mass-flow deposits generated by the March 28 eruption ........................................................................................................................................24
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