DOCSLIB.ORG

Epidemiology and Indices of Gingival and Periodontal Disease Dr

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Epidemiology and Indices of Gingival and Periodontal Disease Dr PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY/Copyright ° 1981 by The American Academy of Pedodontics Vol. 3, Special Issue Epidemiology and indices of gingival and periodontal disease Dr. Poulsen Sven Poulsen, Dr Odont Abstract Validity of an index indicates to what extent the This paper reviews some of the commonly used indices index measures what it is intended to measure. Deter- for measurement of gingivitis and periodontal disease. mination of validity is dependent on the availability Periodontal disease should be measured using loss of of a so-called validating criterion. attachment, not pocket depth. The reliability of several of Pocket depth may not reflect loss of periodontal the indices has been tested. Calibration and training of attachment as a sign of periodontal disease. This is be- examiners seems to be an absolute requirement for a cause gingival swelling will increase the distance from satisfactory inter-examiner reliability. Gingival and periodontal disease is much more severe in several the gingival margin to the bottom of the clinical populations in the Far East than in Europe and North pocket (pseudo-pockets). Thus, depth of the periodon- America, and gingivitis seems to increase with age resulting tal pocket may not be a valid measurement for perio- in loss of periodontal attachment in approximately 40% of dontal disease. 15-year-old children. Apart from the validity and reliability of an index, important factors such as the purpose of the study, Introduction the level of disease in the population, the conditions under which the examinations are going to be per- Epidemiological data form the basis for planning formed etc., will have to enter into choice of an index. and evaluation of dental care programs throughout Since these factors vary considerably from one study the world. When epidemiological data have been col- to another, no single index will be appropriate for all lected, the amount of disease found has to be quanti- types of studies. fied by using indices. It is the purpose of this paper to (1) review some of Measurement of Gingivitis the more commonly used indices for the study of gin- Four indices commonly used in recent studies on gival and periodontal disease, and (2) describe some of gingival inflammation in children and young adults the epidemiological trends in the natural history of are presented in Table 1. gingivitis and periodontal disease in children. The diagnostic criteria employed in three of these indices are described in Tables 2 to 4. In the index de- Selection of Indices scribed by Ainamo & Bay," only absence or presence of An index is a numerical value describing the rela- bleeding after gentle probing is recorded. tive status of the population on a scale with definite Both the index described by Lbe & Silness17 and the upper and lower limits'. The use of indices permits index described by Suomi & Barbano3 as modified by comparison between different populations classified Suomi,4 are based on a combination of criteria. As an by the same criteria and methods. example, score 1 in Suomi & Barbano's index (Table 4) A large number of gingival and periodontal indices is based on changes in color, volume, and texture, as have been described in the dental literature. In order well as presence or absence of stipling. to evaluate different indices it is important to esti- An example of an index which is based on only one mate two parameters: reliability and validity. symptom is the bleeding index used by Miihleman and Reliability is the ability of a given test to give the coworkers. The criteria for the Papillary Bleeding In- same result when applied twice to the same object. In dex5 are described in Table 4. As seen from this table, the case of gingival and periodontal indices, reliability bleeding is the only symptom which is recorded. An can be estimated by having an examiner examine the increasing score is assigned according to an increased same patient twice. tendency of the gingival tissue to bleed. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INDICES 82 Poulsen The index described by Ainamo & Bay,6 considers formed in the Scandinavian countries during recent only presence or absence of bleeding on gentle probing years. The diagnostic criteria -- bleeding or no bleed- of the gingival tissue. Thus, this index represents a ing w are assumed to be relatively easy to interpret. simplification of the index developed by Miihleman Therefore this index is assumed to be relatively and coworkers {Table 4). Whencompared to the index insensitive to examiner differences. described by LSe & Silness (Table 3), you can see that it represents score 2 and 3 in this index. The index de- Measurementsof Periodontal Disease scribed by Ainamo& Bay has proved to be useful in a Those indices described up to now only consider number of epidemiological and clinical trials per- gingival inflammation. Recording of loss of periodon- tal attachment is not included in any of them. The diagnostic criteria for the Periodontal Index Table1. Fourindices commonly used in recentstudies on gingival ~9 inflammationin children and young adults. (PI) developed by Russell, are based on gingival in- flammation and loss of periodontal attachment (Table 5). This index has been used mainly for epidemiologi- Name(abbreviation) Reference cal purposes, and a variety of different populations in developing countries have been examined using this Gingival Index (GI) ~ L~e& Silness 1963 index. Gingivitis Index Suomi & Barbano 19688 Suomi19684 Papillary Bleeding Index {PBI) Saxer & M~ihlemann19755 Gingival~ Bleeding Index (GBI) Ainamo& Bay 1976 Table4. Diagnosticcriteria for the PapillaryBleeding Index developed~ by Saxer& MiJhlemann. Table~,7 2. Diagnosticcriteria for theL~e & Silness gingival index. ScoreCriteria Score Criteria Nobleeding. Bleedingsome seconds after probing. Bleeding immediatelyafter probing. Normalgingiva. Bleeding on probing spreading towards the mar- Mild inflammation-- slight changein color, slight ginal gingiva. edema. Nobleeding on probing. Moderate inflammation -- redness, edema and glazing. Bleedingon probing. Severe inflammation -- marked redness and 8’~ edema. Tendencyto spontaneous bleeding. Ulcera- Table5. Diagnosticcriteria described byRussell. tion. Score Criteria Table3. Diagnosticcriteria for thegingival index developed by 3 6 0 Negative. There is neither overt inflammation in Suomi&Barbano andlater modifiedby Suomi. the investing tissues nor loss of function due to de- struction of supportingtissue. Score Criteria Mild gingivitis. There is an overt area of inflamma- tion in the free gingivae which does not circum- scribe the tooth. 0 Absenceof inflammation-- gingiva is pale pink in Gingivitis. Inflammationcompletely circumscribes color and firm in texture. Swelling is not evident the tooth, but there is no apparent break in the and stippling usually can be noted. epithelial attchment. Presence of inflammation-- a distinct color change Gingivitis with pocket formation. The epithelial at- to red or magentais evident. There maybe swell- tachment has been broken and there is a pocket ing, loss of stippling and the gingiva maybe spongy {not merelya deepenedgingival crevie due to swell- in texture. ing in the free gingivae). Thereis no interference Presence of severe inflammation-- a distinct color with normalmasticatory function, the tooth is firm changeto red or magentais evident. Swelling, loss in its socket, andhas not drifted. of stippling and a spongyconsistency can be noted. Advanceddestruction with loss of masticatory There is either gingival bleeding upon gentle prob- function. The tooth maysound dull on percussion ing with the side of an explorer or the inflamma- with a metallic instrument; maybe depressible in tion has spread to the attached gingiva. its socket. PEDIATRICDENTISTRY 83 Volume3, SpecialIssue When comparing the criteria proposed by Ram- Tablem] 6. Diagnosticcriteria described by Ramfjo~rd. fjord’°,’’ (Table 6) to the criteria developed by Russell we find that the criteria for score 1 and 2 are almost Score Criteria identical in the two indices. In those cases where no loss of attachment is recorded, Ramfjord’s Periodon- tal Disease Index (PDI) is equivalent to the gingivitis Absenceof signs of inflammation. score. If the gingival crevice extends apically to the Mild to moderate inflammatory gingival changes, cemento-enamel junction, the tooth is assigned a not extending around the tooth. Mild to moderately severe gingivitis extending all higher Periodontal Disease Index score and the gingi- around the tooth. vitis score for the same tooth is then disregarded. Severegingivitis characterized by marked redness, Both the index proposed by Russell and the index swelling,tendency to b]eedand ulceration. proposed by Ramfjord have criteria based on gingi- val inflammation as well as loss of periodontal scored as 1 decreased slightly, while the number of attachment. gingival units scored as 2 increased slightly from the Another possibility is to distinguish between gin- first examination to the second. Several explanations gival inflammation and periodontal disease and record gingivitis and loss of attachment separately. may be available for this phenomenon. The authors suggest that the first examination increased the tend- Whenrecording periodontal disease, a distinction should be made between pocket depth and loss of at- ency of the gingival units to bleed. Another explana- tachment;2 Pocket depth is the distance from the gin- tion may be a shift in diagnostic criteria. Probably gival margin to the bottom of the clinical pocket. both
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY: Consensus-Based Recommendations for the Diagnosis & Management of Dentin Hypersensitivity
    October 2008 | Volume 4, Number 9 (Special Issue) DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY: Consensus-Based Recommendations for the Diagnosis & Management of Dentin Hypersensitivity A Supplement to InsideDentistry® Published by AEGISPublications,LLC © 2008 PUBLISHER Inside Dentistry® and De ntin Hypersensitivity: Consensus-Based Recommendations AEGIS Publications, LLC for the Diagnosis & Management of Dentin Hypersensitivity are published by AEGIS Publications, LLC. EDITORS Lisa Neuman Copyright © 2008 by AEGIS Publications, LLC. Justin Romano All rights reserved under United States, International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a PRODUCTION/DESIGN Claire Novo retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publisher. The views and opinions expressed in the articles appearing in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the editors, the editorial board, or the publisher. As a matter of policy, the editors, the editorial board, the publisher, and the university affiliate do not endorse any prod- ucts, medical techniques, or diagnoses, and publication of any material in this jour- nal should not be construed as such an endorsement. PHOTOCOPY PERMISSIONS POLICY: This publication is registered with Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Permission is granted for photocopying of specified articles provided the base fee is paid directly to CCC. WARNING: Reading this supplement, Dentin Hypersensitivity: Consensus-Based Recommendations for the Diagnosis & Management of Dentin Hypersensitivity PRESIDENT / CEO does not necessarily qualify you to integrate new techniques or procedures into your practice. AEGIS Publications expects its readers to rely on their judgment Daniel W.
    [Show full text]
  • Desensitizing Efficacy of a Herbal Toothpaste
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH Desensitizing Efficacy of a Herbal Toothpaste: A Clinical Study La-ongthong Vajrabhaya1, Kraisorn Sappayatosok2, Promphakkon Kulthanaamondhita3, Suwanna Korsuwannawong4, Papatpong Sirikururat5 ABSTRACT Aim: This double-blinded randomized parallel-group comparison study aimed to investigate the efficacy of an herbal desensitizing toothpaste (test group) compared to a 5% potassium nitrate toothpaste (control group) and a base toothpaste (benchmark group), with respect to dentine hypersensitivity. Materials and methods: Ninety healthy participants were arbitrarily allotted into three groups. All subjects received instructions on oral hygiene using a toothbrush with these toothpastes for a 4-week period. The subjects were evaluated at baseline, week 2, and week 4. During the visits, two hypersensitive teeth were assessed using two validated stimulus tests: a tactile test and an airblast test. Data on the percentage of positive responses to the tactile stimulus and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for air stimulation were analyzed. Results: The mean airblast VAS score and percentage of positive responses to the tactile stimulus after using the test and control toothpastes were significantly reduced compared with the benchmark. At week 4, the airblast VAS score and percentage of positive responses to the tactile stimulus decreased significantly in the test and control groups p( < 0.01), whereas the scores in the benchmark group decreased slightly. Conclusion: After 4 weeks of use, the herbal desensitizing toothpaste significantly diminished dentine hypersensitivity to the same extent as did the synthetic desensitizing toothpaste. Clinical significance: An herbal desensitizing toothpaste can reduce dentine hypersensitivity, supporting its usefulness in clinical practice. Keywords: Clinical trial, Dentine hypersensitivity, Herbal toothpaste, Potassium nitrate.
    [Show full text]
  • Probiotic Alternative to Chlorhexidine in Periodontal Therapy: Evaluation of Clinical and Microbiological Parameters
    microorganisms Article Probiotic Alternative to Chlorhexidine in Periodontal Therapy: Evaluation of Clinical and Microbiological Parameters Andrea Butera , Simone Gallo * , Carolina Maiorani, Domenico Molino, Alessandro Chiesa, Camilla Preda, Francesca Esposito and Andrea Scribante * Section of Dentistry–Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (D.M.); [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (C.P.); [email protected] (F.E.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.G.); [email protected] (A.S.) Abstract: Periodontitis consists of a progressive destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Considering that probiotics are being proposed as a support to the gold standard treatment Scaling-and-Root- Planing (SRP), this study aims to assess two new formulations (toothpaste and chewing-gum). 60 patients were randomly assigned to three domiciliary hygiene treatments: Group 1 (SRP + chlorhexidine-based toothpaste) (control), Group 2 (SRP + probiotics-based toothpaste) and Group 3 (SRP + probiotics-based toothpaste + probiotics-based chewing-gum). At baseline (T0) and after 3 and 6 months (T1–T2), periodontal clinical parameters were recorded, along with microbiological ones by means of a commercial kit. As to the former, no significant differences were shown at T1 or T2, neither in controls for any index, nor in the experimental
    [Show full text]
  • Desensitizing Agent Reduces Dentin Hypersensitivity During Ultrasonic Scaling: a Pilot Study Dentistry Section
    Original Article DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/13775.6495 Desensitizing Agent Reduces Dentin Hypersensitivity During Ultrasonic Scaling: A Pilot Study Dentistry Section TOMONARI SUDA1, HIROAKI KOBAYASHI2, TOSHIHARU AKIYAMA3, TAKUYA TAKANO4, MISA GOKYU5, TAKEAKI SUDO6, THATAWEE KHEMWONG7, YUICHI IZUMI8 ABSTRACT of the dentin hypersensitivity agent. Evaluation of effects on Background: Dentin hypersensitivity can interfere with optimal dentin hypersensitivity was determined by a questionnaire and periodontal care by dentists and patients. The pain associated visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores after ultrasonic scaling. with dentin hypersensitivity during ultrasonic scaling is intolerable The statistical analysis was performed using the paired Student for patient and interferes with the procedure, particularly during t-test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) for patients with gingival Results: The desensitizing agent reduced the mean VAS pain recession. score from 69.33 ± 16.02 at baseline to 26.08 ± 27.99 after Aim: This study proposed to evaluate the desensitizing effect of application. The questionnaire revealed that >80% patients the oxalic acid agent on pain caused by dentin hypersensitivity were satisfied and requested the application of the desensitizing during ultrasonic scaling. agent for future ultrasonic scaling sessions. Materials and Methods: This study involved 12 patients who Conclusion: This study shows that the application of the oxalic were incorporated in SPT program and complained of dentin acid agent considerably reduces pain associated with dentin hypersensitivity during ultrasonic scaling. We examined the hypersensitivity experienced during ultrasonic scaling. This availability of the oxalic acid agent to compare the degree of pain control treatment may improve patient participation and pain during ultrasonic scaling with or without the application treatment efficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • Pro-Argin, a Breakthrough Technology Based Upon Arginine
    American Journal of Dentistry, Vol. 22, Special Issue A, March, 2009 A, March, 22, Special Issue Vol. American Journal of Dentistry, Vol. 22, Special Issue A, March, 2009 - p. 1A - 24A Introducing Pro-Argin™ A Breakthrough Technology Based upon Arginine and Calcium for In-Office Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Editorial _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dentin hypersensitivity: Beneficial effects of an arginine-calcium carbonate desensitizing paste Dentin hypersensitivity is a common occurrence diately after dental scaling procedures and its and is often a chief concern among patients. The sustained relief over 4 weeks. Another paper pre- pain associated with dentin hypersensitivity is sents the results of a double-blind, stratified, caused by some type of external stimulus and the randomized clinical study showing the successful sensitivity can range in its intensity from patient to desensitizing effect of the 8% arginine-calcium patient. The successful management of dentin carbonate paste tested, when applied as a pre- hypersensitivity is often very challenging for the procedure to professional dental cleaning. dental professional. The cause of the pain and the This Special Issue also includes a study con- description of the discomfort reported by
    [Show full text]
  • Cervical Restorations Useful When Assessing Gingival and Periodontal Health
    http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2018/v73no10a9 INDUSTRY NEWS < 633 Cervical restorations useful when assessing gingival and periodontal health SADJ November 2018, Vol. 73 No. 10 p633 - p634 A Volchansky “Once a Periodontal Patient, always a Periodontal Patient”. ACRONYM This comment could be describing the affliction of Chronic CEJ: Cemento-enamel-junction Periodontitis or Refractory Periodontitis which refer to the periodontal status of patients who require monitoring over extended periods and who demonstrate severe attach- ment loss (derived from Parameters of Care: Journal of Periodontology, 20001). The progression of periodontal diseases is assessed by the extent of gingival recession, the severity of clinical attachment loss, and the probing depths of pockets. Periodontal disease is generally described as a slow and continually progressive condition.2 It may well be important that a fixed reference point is available to ensure repeatability when these measurements are recorded. The landmark habitually used is the cemento-enamel -junction (CEJ). The normal gingival margin position is 0.5 – 2.0 mm coronal to the CEJ. Gingival recession is defined as the increase in the location of the gingival margin apical to the CEJ.4 Figure 1. Cervical restorations on 13; 14, obscuring the CEJ. A cervical restoration is one that is placed adjacent There are three options, supragingival, equigingival and to the CEJ or the gingival margin (G V Black (19023). subgingival. Much has been written about the importance The margins of such a restoration are clearly visible of the restorative margin, its location, the materials adjacent to the gingival attachment and the location may and the contours of any restoration in relation to peri- approximate the cervical line / cemento-enamel junction odontal health.5,6 of the tooth.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnosis Questions and Answers
    1.0 DIAGNOSIS – 6 QUESTIONS 1. Where is the narrowest band of attached gingiva found? 1. Lingual surfaces of maxillary incisors and facial surfaces of maxillary first molars 2. Facial surfaces of mandibular second premolars and lingual of canines 3. Facial surfaces of mandibular canines and first premolars and lingual of mandibular incisors* 4. None of the above 2. All these types of tissue have keratinized epithelium EXCEPT 1. Hard palate 2. Gingival col* 3. Attached gingiva 4. Free gingiva 16. Which group of principal fibers of the periodontal ligament run perpendicular from the alveolar bone to the cementum and resist lateral forces? 1. Alveolar crest 2. Horizontal crest* 3. Oblique 4. Apical 5. Interradicular 33. The width of attached gingiva varies considerably with the greatest amount being present in the maxillary incisor region; the least amount is in the mandibular premolar region. 1. Both statements are TRUE* 39. The alveolar process forms and supports the sockets of the teeth and consists of two parts, the alveolar bone proper and the supporting alveolar bone; ostectomy is defined as removal of the alveolar bone proper. 1. Both statements are TRUE* 40. Which structure is the inner layer of cells of the junctional epithelium and attaches the gingiva to the tooth? 1. Mucogingival junction 2. Free gingival groove 3. Epithelial attachment * 4. Tonofilaments 1 49. All of the following are part of the marginal (free) gingiva EXCEPT: 1. Gingival margin 2. Free gingival groove 3. Mucogingival junction* 4. Interproximal gingiva 53. The collar-like band of stratified squamous epithelium 10-20 cells thick coronally and 2-3 cells thick apically, and .25 to 1.35 mm long is the: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodontal Health, Gingival Diseases and Conditions 99 Section 1 Periodontal Health
    CHAPTER Periodontal Health, Gingival Diseases 6 and Conditions Section 1 Periodontal Health 99 Section 2 Dental Plaque-Induced Gingival Conditions 101 Classification of Plaque-Induced Gingivitis and Modifying Factors Plaque-Induced Gingivitis Modifying Factors of Plaque-Induced Gingivitis Drug-Influenced Gingival Enlargements Section 3 Non–Plaque-Induced Gingival Diseases 111 Description of Selected Disease Disorders Description of Selected Inflammatory and Immune Conditions and Lesions Section 4 Focus on Patients 117 Clinical Patient Care Ethical Dilemma Clinical Application. Examination of the gingiva is part of every patient visit. In this context, a thorough clinical and radiographic assessment of the patient’s gingival tissues provides the dental practitioner with invaluable diagnostic information that is critical to determining the health status of the gingiva. The dental hygienist is often the first member of the dental team to be able to detect the early signs of periodontal disease. In 2017, the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) developed a new worldwide classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. Included in the new classification scheme is the category called “periodontal health, gingival diseases/conditions.” Therefore, this chapter will first review the parameters that define periodontal health. Appreciating what constitutes as periodontal health serves as the basis for the dental provider to have a stronger understanding of the different categories of gingival diseases and conditions that are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Learning Objectives • Define periodontal health and be able to describe the clinical features that are consistent with signs of periodontal health. • List the two major subdivisions of gingival disease as established by the American Academy of Periodontology and the European Federation of Periodontology.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Bleeding on Probing
    J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9(12):e1431-8. Periodontal health in anticoagulated patients Journal section: Periodontology doi:10.4317/jced.54331 Publication Types: Research http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.54331 A controlled clinical study of periodontal health in anticoagulated patients: Assessment of bleeding on probing Pedro J. Almiñana-Pastor 1, Marta Segarra-Vidal 2, Andrés López-Roldán 2, Francisco M. Alpiste-Illueca 3 1 DD, Post-graduated in Periodontics, Department d´Estomatologia, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain 2 Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain 3 MD DD, PhD in Medicine. Assistant Professor of Periodontics, Department d´Estomatologia, Facultad de Medicina y Odontolo- gia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain Correspondence: C/ Gascó Oliag 1 46010 – Valencia, Spain Almiñana-Pastor PJ, Segarra-Vidal M, López-Roldán A, Alpiste- [email protected] Illueca FM��������������������������������������������������������������. A controlled clinical study of periodontal health in antico- agulated patients: Assessment of bleeding on probing. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9(12):e1431-8. Received: 04/09/2017 http://www.medicinaoral.com/odo/volumenes/v9i12/jcedv9i12p1431.pdf Accepted: 05/11/2017 Article Number: 54331 http://www.medicinaoral.com/odo/indice.htm © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - eISSN: 1989-5488 eMail: [email protected] Indexed in: Pubmed Pubmed Central® (PMC) Scopus DOI® System Abstract Background: According to the Spanish Society of Cardiology, 700,000 patients receive oral anticoagulants, and in these cases bleeding on probing (BOP) could be altered. However, no studies have analyzed the periodontal status of these patients and the effects anticoagulants may have upon BOP.
    [Show full text]
  • Desensitizing Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Mouthwash in Patients with Dentinal Hypersensitivity–A Clinical Trial
    SOJ Dental and Oral Disorder Research Article Desensitizing Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Mouthwash in Patients with Dentinal Hypersensitivity–A Clinical Trial Vasundhara Anupam Sambhus,1* Robert Horowitz A,2 Yogesh Sharad Doshi3 1Private Dental Practitioner, Pune 2Clinical Assistant Professor, Arthur Ashman Department of Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, USA 3Professor, Department of Periodontics, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Dental College, India Introduction Dentin Hypersensitivity (DH) is a major complaint of the gen- the decrease in the permeability of dentin and neural sensitivity, eral population. Reports have indicated the incidence of DH is 4 es during the fourth and fifth decades. This may be explained by natural desensitization due to sclerosis and secondary dentin for- to 74percent of the population.1 It poses a challenge for clinicians 2 Den- dentifrices may cause occlusion of dentinal tubules resulting in de- tists rely on the patient’s clinical and dietary history and a thorough mation with increasing age. Even the prolonged use of fluoridated because its presentation is ambiguous with no specific signs. creased sensitivity.4 The higher incidence of DH as seen in females intraoral examination using thermal and tactile stimuli. Dentin re- ceptors have a unique feature of eliciting pain as a response to any environmental stimulus. The sensory response in the pulp cannot than males can be attributed to hormonal influences and dietary involve a single tooth, group of teeth, area of the mouth or it can differentiate between heat, touch, pressure or chemicals, because habits, although the results are statistically insignificant. DH may be generalized. The most commonly affected teeth are premolars - tient perceives any stimulus as a pain.3 Hence careful examination they lack specificity.
    [Show full text]
  • A Clinical Trial to Investigate Digital Gingivitis Image Analysis Method and Examiner-Based Grading in Assessing Experimental Gingivitis Liliana E
    University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Master's Theses University of Connecticut Graduate School 6-28-2016 A Clinical Trial To Investigate Digital Gingivitis Image Analysis Method and Examiner-Based Grading in Assessing Experimental Gingivitis Liliana E. Aranguren [email protected] Recommended Citation Aranguren, Liliana E., "A Clinical Trial To Investigate Digital Gingivitis Image Analysis Method and Examiner-Based Grading in Assessing Experimental Gingivitis" (2016). Master's Theses. 1001. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/1001 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Connecticut Graduate School at OpenCommons@UConn. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of OpenCommons@UConn. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Clinical Trial to Investigate Digital Gingivitis Image Analysis Method and Examiner-Based Grading in Assessing Experimental Gingivitis Liliana Aranguren D.D.S., Universidad del Zulia, 2002 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Dental Science at the University of Connecticut 2016 i Copyright by Liliana Aranguren 2016 ii APPROVAL PAGE Master in Dental Science Thesis A Clinical Trial to Investigate Digital Gingivitis Image Analysis Method and Examiner- Based Grading in Assessing Experimental Gingivitis Presented by Liliana Aranguren D.D.S. Major Advisor___________________________________________________________ Effie Ioannidou, DDS, MDS Associate Advisor________________________________________________________ Dr. Patricia I. Diaz, DDS, MSc, PhD Associate Advisor________________________________________________________ Dr. Flavio Uribe DDS University of Connecticut 2016 iii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my wonderful family. You have allowed me to fulfill my dream of becoming a periodontist and for that I will be forever grateful.
    [Show full text]
  • Association Between Restorative Treatment and Toothpaste Indication for Resolution of Dentin Hypersensitivity: Case Report
    Central JSM Dentistry Case Report *Corresponding author Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, P.O. Association between Restorative BOX 52 - University of Campinas –UNICAMP, 13414- 903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, Tel: 55 19 2101 5340; Email: Treatment and Toothpaste Submitted: 12 July 2016 Accepted: 08 Novemeber 2016 Indication for Resolution of Dentin Published: 10 Novemeber 2016 ISSN: 2333-7133 Copyright Hypersensitivity: Case Report © 2016 Baggio Aguiar et al. Waldemir Francisco Vieira-Junior, Jéssica Dias Theobaldo, Mari Miura OPEN ACCESS Sugii,Laura Nobre Ferraz, Luís Roberto Marcondes Martins, Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar*, and Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima Keywords • Dental resin composite Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Campinas, Brazil • Toothpaste • Dentin sensitivity Abstract Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a painful dental condition with a multifactorial etiology, usually associated with exposed dentinal surfaces. The development of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) is important factor for dentin exposure at the gingival margin. Several different therapies have been proposed to correct these lesions or condition. Objective: To review and describe a clinical management of the DH, demonstrating the association between the bioactive glass based-toothpaste use by patient and the restoration treatment for resolution of DH associated to NCCL. Case Report: The patient presented for treatment of NCCL and DH. It was prescribed a bioactive glass based-toothpaste (NovaMin™) and the NCCL were restored with composite resins and results were evaluated. DH was controlled and the patient is satisfied with case resolution. Conclusion: Resin restorations combined with toothpaste indication are conservative and safe approaches to treat DH associated to NCCL.
    [Show full text]