Illustrations to ‘”J after J. Ruskin”: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke’

Donata Levi and Paul Tucker

Figure 1 Diagram showing ‘the map of the great schools’, Lectures on Art (1870). Reproduced from Edward Tyas Cook and Alexander Wedderburn, eds, The Works of John Ruskin, London: George Allen / New York: Longman, Green, and Co, 1903–12, 39 vols, XX, 128.

Journal of Art Historiography Number 22 June 2020 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 2 Frontispiece and title-page, Richard St. John Tyrwhitt, Our Sketching Club: Letters and Studies on Landscape Art … with an Authorised Reproduction of the Lessons and the Woodcuts in Professor Ruskin’s ‘Elements of Drawing’, London: Macmillan and Co., 1874.

2 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 3 John Ruskin, The Elements of Drawing; in Three Letters to Beginners, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., 1857, 173–75, figs 26–28: woodcuts by Miss Byfield after drawings by Ruskin comparing the treatment of tree boughs by Turner (Æsacus and Hesperie in the Liber Studiorum) with ‘conventional’ branches in the manner of Titian and of the Carracci. Image downloaded from copy at University of California digitized by Internet Archive and available from HathiTrust Digital Library (www.hathitrust.org)

3 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 4 John Ruskin, The Elements of Drawing; in Three Letters to Beginners, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., 1857, 116, fig. 16: woodcut by Miss Byfield after drawing by Ruskin. Image downloaded from copy at University of California digitized by Internet Archive and available from HathiTrust Digital Library (www.hathitrust.org)

4 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 5 John Ruskin, The Elements of Drawing; in Three Letters to Beginners, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., 1857, 45, fig. 5: woodcut by Miss Byfield after drawing by Ruskin. Image downloaded from copy at University of California digitized by Internet Archive and available from HathiTrust Digital Library (www.hathitrust.org)

5 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 6 Richard Redgrave, ‘An introductory address on the methods employed by the Department, to impart education in art to all classes’ (27 November 1852), in Addresses of the Superintendents of the Department of Practical Art, Delivered in the Theatre at Marlborough House, London: Chapman and Hall, 1853, 52.

6 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 7 John Ruskin, The Elements of Drawing; in Three Letters to Beginners, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., 1857, 25, fig. 3: woodcut by Miss Byfield after drawing by Ruskin. Image downloaded from copy at University of California digitized by Internet Archive and available from HathiTrust Digital Library (www.hathitrust.org)

7 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 8 John Ruskin, The Laws of Fésole. A Familiar Treatise on the Elementary Principles and Practice of Drawing and Painting. As Determined by the Tuscan Masters. Arranged for the Use of Schools, Part I, Sunnyside, Orpington, Kent: George Allen, 1877, pl. I (‘SCHOOLS OF ST. GEORGE. Elementary Drawing. Plate I. THE TWO SHIELDS’): engraving by G. Allen after drawing by Ruskin. Image downloaded from copy at University of California digitized by Internet Archive and available from HathiTrust Digital Library (www.hathitrust.org)

8 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 9 Poynter's Drawing for the Standards. A Series of New Designs, with Selections from Dyce's Drawing Book. Simplified for Class Teaching, London: Blackie and Son [1887], Standards I. and II. Book I, ‘HORIZONTAL LINES’

9 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 10 Poynter's Drawing for the Standards. A Series of New Designs, with Selections from Dyce's Drawing Book. Simplified for Class Teaching, London: Blackie and Son [1887], Standards I. and II. Book I, ‘OBLIQUE LINES’ and ‘RIGHT ANGLES’

10 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 11 John Ruskin, The Laws of Fésole. A Familiar Treatise on the Elementary Principles and Practice of Drawing and Painting. As Determined by the Tuscan Masters. Arranged for the Use of Schools, I, Sunnyside, Orpington, Kent: George Allen, 1879, facing 176, pl. X (‘Appellavitque Lucem Diem, et Tenebras Noctem’): engraving by G. Allen after drawing by Ruskin. Image downloaded from copy digitized by Google Books

11 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 12 Gilbert Richard Redgrave, Manual of Design Compiled from the Writings and Addresses of Richard Redgrave, R.A., London: Chapman and Hall, 1876, 166, fig. 17. Image downloaded from copy at University of California digitized by Internet Archive and available from HathiTrust Digital Library (www.hathitrust.org)

12 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 13 Gilbert Richard Redgrave, Manual of Design Compiled from the Writings and Addresses of Richard Redgrave, R.A., London: Chapman and Hall, 1876, 167, fig. 18. Image downloaded from copy at University of California digitized by Internet Archive and available from HathiTrust Digital Library (www.hathitrust.org)

13 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 14 John Ruskin, The Elements of Drawing; in Three Letters to Beginners, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., 1857, 273, fig. 36: woodcut by Miss Byfield after drawing by Ruskin. Image downloaded from copy at University of California digitized by Internet Archive and available from HathiTrust Digital Library (www.hathitrust.org)

14 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 15 Children’s drawings of cats, illustrating Ebenezer Cooke, ‘Our art teaching and child nature’, Journal of Education, 1 December 1885, 462–65; 1 January 1886, 12– 15. Reproduced in and from Donna Darling Kelly, Uncovering the History of Children's Drawing and Art, Westport, Conn. and London: Praeger, 2004, 67

15 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 16 Sheet of illustrative diagrams inserted in Ebenezer Cooke, ‘Neglected elements in art teaching’, printed by C. F. Hodgson, London, 1888.

16 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 17 Drawing in Elementary Schools: Illustrated Syllabus of the Course of Instruction in Drawing Under the Department of Science and Art: Together with a Scheme of Instruction in Drawing for Small Schools and an Alternative Illustrated Syllabus of Instruction in Drawing in Elementary Schools, London: H. M. Stationary Office, 1895, Alternative Syllabus, Standard I.–II. Photo © Donata Levi ‘Following the instructions given in the introduction the child working with free action from the shoulder will produce some such form as this [1]. (The object being to obtain control of the hand, the motion round and round should be repeated until the hand can follow in the same track … [2] The Ellipse should then be repeated in different directions, to give control of direction, without turning the paper or changing the attitude … [3] The same form is .. drawn with different sizes and shapes … [4] Combinations of the same forms in sets of twos. (N.B. – A great variety of combinations can be evolved. The above is only one specimen of the forms which the children may produce. It is not intended as a copy. These combinations are the beginning of Design … [5] Different numbers (unequal sizes) … [6] The same forms under conditions of position …’

17 Donata Levi and Paul Tucker ‘J after J. Ruskin’: line in the art teaching of John Ruskin and Ebenezer Cooke

Figure 18 Drawing in Elementary Schools: Illustrated Syllabus of the Course of Instruction in Drawing Under the Department of Science and Art: Together with a Scheme of Instruction in Drawing for Small Schools and an Alternative Illustrated Syllabus of Instruction in Drawing in Elementary Schools, London: H. M. Stationary Office, 1895, Alternative Syllabus, Standard I.–II. Photo © Donata Levi ‘[7] Other ovoid forms evolved by free action from shoulder. This form is produced as in Fig. 1 by gradually allowing the hand to diverge from the previous track … (N.B. – such as the above (N.B. –Note the suggestion of bird-nest forms.) … [8] The egg shape should now be drawn in the same manner as the ellipse, both in line and mass, in all combinations of direction, size and number … [9] These combinations may be made to suggest common or natural forms, such as the above. (N.B. – These are not copies to be reproduced.)’

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