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World Electric Vehicle Association Journal

Innovation, 3 Revolutions, 4 Integration

Professor C. C. Chan

Academician, Chinese Academy of Engineering Fellow, Royal Academy of Engineering, U.K., Co-Founder, World Electric Vehicles Association INNOVATION DRIVEN Freedom of Enquiry

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The spirit of Raphael's School of Athens and the principle “I love my teacher, but trust the truth more”. Multi Dimensions Thinking • Holistic Thinking

• Mathematic Model & Big Data

• Causal & Related Relationships

• Closed Loop Thinking

• Cycle Thinking Engineering Philosophy

1)Objectives 2)Holistic Thinking System Integration 3)Creative Thinking 4) Divide and Conquer, Combine and Rule 5) Human Factors 6) Team Work

Objectives, Thought, Methodology, Implementation Engineering = Science + Technology + Management

Experience & Practice AUTOMOBILE REVOLUTION

• Electrification • Intelligent • Connected and Sharing Mobility is Freedom.

Mobility is the most apt expression for our quest for happiness.

Automobile Revolution . Video Clip on Automobile Revolution KEY TECHNOLOGIES

• Light Weight Body • Integrated Power Train • High Performance Safety Battery Pack • Intelligent Charging Core Proprietary Technologies - Light Weight

NEDC Range Curb Weight Comparison: C & D Class BEV SUV High Strength Steel Upbody 550km

• Body strength is 60% higher TESLA MODEL X BYD Tang P100D than industry average U5 EV600 M-Byte • Side impact door beams made NIO ES6 E-tron 55 of 2,000 mPa hot-formed steel ME7 with vanadium MB EQC 400 Matic • Lower costs of manufacturing and after-sales maintenance BMW iX3 Jaguar i-Pace SAIC Marvel X NIO ES8

Full Aluminum Underbody

• Full aluminum underbody with SPR and FDS joining technologies 300km

• Curb weight reduced by 50kg 1600KG Curb weight 2600KG Note: curb weight is for long range version Confidential Trend of electric drive system 800V scalable

200kw;4500Nm; 16000rpm;ratio 11.8; 300kw, 2.5kw/kg power density: Motor 4kw/kg； MCU 30kw/L • Higher System 300kw;6500Nm; 20000rpm;ratio 12 power density: Motor 5kw/kg; MCU 45kw/L voltage 400V Platform • Larger Power 200kw, 2.0kw/kg

• Higher power 250kw, 2.2kw/kg （ASM） 220kw, 2.2kw/kg density （EM+GB+MCU+PDU+OBC+DCDC） 250kw;5500Nm; 18000rpm;ratio 12 • Lower cost power density: Motor 4.5kw/kg； MCU 45kw/L US$12/kw COST US$10/kw 150kw, 1.6kw/kg US$8/kw

2019 2020 2022 2025 Proprietary Technologies - Powertrain System

Highly integrated Proprietary Powertrain System Battery Pack High Performance AIPT AIBP High Energy Density Peak power of 170kW, torque up (from 2020) (installed) Leading energy density up to to 315Nm, max. speed of 181wh/kg 16,000rpm

Smaller & Lighter Sandwich Structure

Integrated design and structure Sandwich structure design and optimization allow weight high energy density for better reduction of 10% performance and safety

Better NVH Performance BMS

Better noise, vibration and Battery monitor & analysis, harshness (NVH) performance Battery safety management, with noise reduction up to 10% energy control management, compared to similar products battery information management

Confidential Each vehicle with an electrified powertrain has different requirements that determine the development of the battery

KEY REQUIREMENTS PER BATTERY TYPE

48 V (P)HEV BEV

Up to 200 kW High power density Up to 30 kW (10C for PHEV Up to 600 kW (pack level) (30 C) (6 C) 100 C for HEV) High energy density (pack level) - - > 200 Wh / kg

- 80% in 20 min 80% in <20 min Fast charging (<50 kW sufficient) (up to 350 kW)

Minimum cost < 300 € / kWh < 160 € / kWh < 100 € / kWh Tier-1 part Standard Modules & Modularity & scalability Standard housing Tailored design Customized housing

Source: FEV

Michael © by FEV – all rights reserved. Confidential – no passing on to third parties | 14 Stapelbroek Worry-free Charging Solution – use the car like the phone

More than 503km(NEDC) mileage provide the worry-free driving For charging, provide wall box for home charging, which support remote charging reservation on APP; In some parking cluster area such as airport, hard to find enough charge station, charging robots will fill that gap. Three Revolutions: 3R • Energy Revolution • Information Revolution • Mobility Revolution

Four Networks: 4N Four Flows: 4F • Energy Network • Energy Flow • Information Network • Information Flow • Transportation • Material Flow Network • Value Flow • Humanity Network Three Revolutions and Four Integrations

 Through the integration of the four networks

Energy Network Information Network Transportation Network Humanities Network  And the integration four flows . Energy Flow . Material Flow . Information Flow . Value Flow To link Energy Revolution, Information Revolution, and Mobility Revolution to gain the largest effect. Integrating Philosophy, Science and Engineering.  Philosophy and patterns of energy integration

 What are 4 networks with 4 flows

 Features and benefits of 4N4F

 Vision of integration with 4N4F The Philosophy, Science and Engineering of the integrations of 4 Nets and 4 Flows

 To philosophy of a holistic thinking - Whole is greater than the sum of each individual; Economic foundation interacts with superstructure.

 To science theory - It explored the fundamental relationship among energy, information and human behavior.

 To engineering - It combined the energy tech and information tech through a smart energy operating system already developed, with energy tech combined with cloud tech, edge computation, artificial intelligence, big data tech, to achieve value-added results. AI’s role as Human in 4th revolution

Industrial First Second Third Fourth Revolution Generation Generation Generation Generation Steam Engine Power Energy Digital Technology Artificial Intelligence

Late 1800s Early 2000s Mid 2000s Early 2100s

• 5G + AI has changed the interaction between Technology & Human

• Integration of key technologies with humanity is future trend

• 4 Network will merge into one

Humanity • What is the correlation nature between energy & information • How do human behaviors drive the correlation into intelligence Energy Transportation

Information 4N Trend of Energy Integration

Stages • New Service T • New Experience Energy Service • New Market E 4N I H T 5G+ AI Energy Internet 3N E I Cloud / IoT

Smart Grid 2N E I • Change of Energy Usage Automation/Information • Change of Mobility • Life-style Adaptation 2000 2010 2020 Integration

E- Energy I- Information T- Transportation H- Humanity (behavior driven social network） Patterns of Integration of 4N

Web Internet E-Commerce 1）Necessities Food 2）Individualized 3）High volume Clothing 4）Better deal

Human Behavior is the fundamental data source for E-commerce

Mobile Internet Sharing Economy Housing 1) Sharing Concept 2）Platform enabled Transportation 3）Mobile trading 4）C2C ready Fragmented idle resources (entropy) is reorganized with added values (exergy)

5G+ IoT+AI Integrated Planning Integrated Application X as a Service (XaaS)

1）Energy as a Service E-net T-net I-net T-net I-net E-net Integration of 2）Mobility as a Service + + + + 2）Block-Chain Ready Four Network 3）Universal for all Smart City/building H-net Merged Infrastructure Integration of Four Network is the key for XaaS  Philosophy and patterns of energy integration

 What are 4 networks with 4 flows

 Features & benefits of 4N4F

 Vision of integration with 4N4F Integration of Four Networks Energy Information

All-in-one

Transportation Humanity

Life, Work, Travel, Low Carbon, Environment Friendly, Comfortable, Convenient, Healthy, Intelligent, Happy. Integration of Four Flows

Energy Flow Information Flow All-in-one

Material Flow Value Flow Solve four contradictions：contradiction of new energy and fossil energy, contradiction of primary energy and secondary energy, contradiction of centralized energy and distributed energy, contradiction of electrical energy and chemical energy. Coupling optimization for different energy sources will make the waste energy become useful, meanwhile achieve the carbon balance. Intelligent energy driven by 4N4F

4F Principle： Energy Flow Information Flow Material Flow Value Flow

• Use 4-Flow principle • Overcome 4 key conflicts

Fossil /Renewable Carbon Neutral Centralized /Distributed Primary / Second Power / Chemical Eco-system

Energy Internet Coupling of E-flow & M-flow Carbon Neutral Smart Energy Eco-system Interaction features between 4N & 4F

Big Data/ Cloud Electrification

Information IoT/Edge Transportation Charging/ Network Computing H2 refueling Network Digitization Cross-Industry

5G/AI Energy H2 vehicle Network • 5G changes Network • Energy changes Power of Mobility • IoT changes inter-connection • Information changes Control of Mobility • AI brings potentials of data • AI changes Concept of Mobility X as a Service VPP Demand Virtual Power Plant Response

Energy Blockchain Micro-grid E-Flow ------Energy Flow Behavior driven / P2P sharing I- Flow ------Information Flow • Technologies change Behaviors M-Flow ------Material Flow • Behaviors change Values V-Flow ------Value Flow Humanity Network • Values change Cultures Five key elements among 4N4F

• Data ------Un-structured(Internet) & structured (IoT) • Algorithm ------Physical Model & Data Model • Computing Power ---- Cloud & Edge • Platform ------Operating System & App market • Openness ------Open Eco-system & Sharing under Block-chain  Philosophy and patterns of energy integration

 What are 4 networks with 4 flows

 Features & benefits of 4N4F

 Vision of integration with 4N4F 4N4F for energy transition

• 4-Flow integration is the principle of 4N4F across technology & economy • 4-Network integration is the engineering implementation of 4N4F • 4F4N is with global thinking so that it is better than added functions Benefits of 4N4F

• Entropy Increase from Energy Loss can be stored for later use • Entropy Increase from Values Loss can be re-directed for added value • Both scenarios can be tokenized for trading under P2P mechanism Evolution Layer of 4N4F

• Meet Personalized need with service accuracy • Build data analytics from user’s own experience • Promote culture of shared economy for customers • Study humanity pattern for better energy service

Key Driver: Big Data Profile of participants created from personalized footprint Carrier and Network of 4N4F

Commercial FacilitiesPublic Building

EV Charging Residential 100V 220V Substation Substatio n State Grid Cold, Heat Microgrid Energy Network Hydrogen Factory Storage Battery Storage Information Network Storage of Distributed Energy Wind Power Heating and Control Center of Smart Energy Cooling Control method: ds ≤ 0 Strategy:控制策略：储能熵最小化 Entropy minimization

Entropy Self- Intelligent Orderly Reduction organizing System  Philosophy and patterns of energy integration

 What are 4 networks with 4 flows

 Features & benefits of 4N4F

 Vision of integration with 4N4F Vision of Smart City

4N4F brings out potentials for X as a Service for Smart City • Technology ---- Energy as a Service & Mobility as a Service • Culture ------Behavior as a Service & Sharing as a Service

35 Vision of Digital Economy

4N4F is driving interaction between AI enabled technology with Human • 4N4F integrate Energy & Transportation with AI into human life • 4N4F enable culturization of AI-ready society towards digital economy

36 Inspiration Imagination Innovation Integration Implementation Investment EVS 34 June 2021, Nanjing,

EVS 32 EVS 30 Lyon, France Stuttgart, Germany 2019 2017 EVS 33 Portland, Oregon, 2020

EVS 34 Nanjing, China EVS 31 2021 Kobe, Japan 2018

15 10 9

EVS Series – The World Longest & Largest Gathering of Electric Vehicles Community The 34th World Electric Vehicle Symposium & Exhibition Theme: Towards Intelligent E-Mobility Venue: Air-hub Exhibition & Event Town, Nanjing, China Date: 25 -28, June 2021 G Policy D Charging/fueling the Topics: National and international electric infrastructure vehicle development policies; Smart charging and V2G; A Electric vehicle and transportation National initiatives; Hydrogen fueling infrastructure; system Local and regional partnerships; Standardization and interoperability of Passenger cars, including pure electric, hybrid, plug-in charging/fueling; Case study of government project hybrid and fuel cells; Wireless charging infrastructure (static deployment; Commercial vehicles, including pure electric, hybrid, and dynamic); Standards and regulations. plug-in hybrid and fuel cells; Case study on infrastructure deployment; Small cars, including electric two- and three-wheeled Fees, standardization and services; cars; Smart grid, micro-grid, charging network Public transportation, including buses and railways; and smart home. Shared and autonomous transportation applications; H Environmental, Energy and Other vehicle technologies and applications, such as E Connection of power Social Assessment flying cars. grid, power supply and Environmental benefits of electric vehicle vehicles; Demand management; Supply chain analysis: materials, B Power battery and fuel cell Automotive batteries in energy High-performance batteries, capacitors and manufacturing, recycling and reuse; storage; other energy storage components and energy Energy security; Grid implications of DC fast management systems; Analysis of the social impact of electric charging and ultra-high speed Fuel cell and its system. vehicles; charging; Hydrogen and sustainable energy; Advancements in V2G, V2X and C Electric drive technology Safety. Motor design for EV application, multi-physics connectivity; simulation and digital twin technology; Utilities project deployment case Novel EV motors topology for EV application; study; Power electronic device packaging and drive F Market Public policies and strategies for technology, including Si-based IGBTs and SiC Domestic and global market electric vehicle charging. MOSFETs; development strategy; Consumer needs, education, training, High temperature passive devices and their I Emerging Technologies packaging; demonstration and motivation Smart Connected EV Outlook ; Power electronics topology and control for EV analysis; Integration of Transportation Network, application; City market case and demonstration. Energy Network, Information Network and Intelligent motor control and health status Humanities Network. management; Electromagnetic compatibility technology; Test methods and test techniques; Powertrain Integration. the Important Dates: Call for Abstract Opens: 27 Aug 2020 Deadline for Abstract Submission: 9 Nov 2020 Abstract Acceptance and attendance Notification: 15 Dec 2020 Abstract Acceptance Registration and Payment Close: 15 Mar 2021 Deadline for Full Paper Submission: 10 Apr 2021 Nanjing brocade Website: www.evs34.org.cn