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Raport CBK PAN 2019 CENTRUM BADAŃ KOSMICZNYCH POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK SPACE RESEARCH CENTRE, Polish Academy of Sciences ANNUAL REPORT 2019 WARSAW Cover: New editions of European Land Cover maps S2GLC Edited by: MAŁGORZATA MICHALSKA JOLANTA NASTULA and MARCIN GADOMSKI Technical editor: EDYTA LISIECKA Publikację wykonano na papierze ksero 80 gr oraz w wersji elektronicznej. Okładkę wykonano na Z-Laser kolor 250 gr. Skład: Edyta Lisiecka Druk i oprawa: CBK PAN 00-716 Warszawa, ul. Bartycka 18a CENTRUM BADAŃ KOSMICZNYCH Polskiej Akademii Nauk SPACE RESEARCH CENTRE Polish Academy of Sciences Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland Phone: (48-22) 49 66 200 Fax: (48-22) 840 31 31 e-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS 04 .......... THE YEAR 2019 - FOR SCIENCE AND SOCJETY 07 .......... SPACE PROJECTS ARIEL ASIM ATHENA IMAP / GLOWS JUICE LAERT OPS-SAT PROBA-3 SOLAR ORBITER TARANIS 18 .......... OTHER INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES SPACE TECHNOLOGIES TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OTHER PROJECTS 36 .......... DATA ACQUISITION ASTROGEODYNAMICAL OBSERVATORY IN BOROWIEC GNSS OBSERVATORY IN WARSAW 45 .......... INTERPRETATION AND MODELLING SPACE PHYSICS PLASMA PHYSICS PHYSICAL AND GEODETIC STUDIES OF SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES AND EARTH SPACE MECHATRONICS 101 .......... APPLICATIONS EARTH OBSERVATIONS HELIOGEOPHYSICAL PREDICTION SERVICE CENTRE GNSS OBSERVATORY IN WARSAW 116 .......... PUBLICATIONS 131 .......... GRANTS AND CONTRACTS 137 .......... GENERAL INFORMATION 141 .......... EDUCATIONAL AND PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES The year 2019 - for science and socjety. The year 2019 was rich in impressive scientific results, but also in innovative importance application of social and economic works. Using the observations of neutral interstellar helium from the NASA IBEX-Lo space experiment, the density of He+ ions in the closest interstellar environment of the Sun was determined and the degree of ionization of helium, hydrogen and electron density in this medium was measured. In the model developed at CBK PAN, it was possible to reconstruct the spectra of neutral energy atoms in the full range of observed energies and to verify the mechanism of acceleration of super-thermal protons in the final shock of the solar wind on this basis. Using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS), turbulence in solar wind plasma was analyzed on kinetic scales of tens of kilometers, much smaller than the scales characteristic of plasma description in fluid mechanics theory (MHD). In particular, it turned out that the change in the slope of the magnetic spectrum is consistent with the predictions of the kinetic theory. 2019 was the first full year when Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) instruments constructed in cooperation with the CBK PAN performed the continuous routine observations on- board International Space Station. The aim of the ASIM is to study high-altitude optical emissions from the stratosphere and mesosphere related to thunderstorms. The first results are very promising with the profit of publications in serious JCR journals. On 18th December 2019 European Space Agency launched the OPS-SAT (3U CubeSat) – a safe, hardware/ software laboratory, flying in a LEO orbit, reconfigurable at every layer from channel coding upwards. The satellite aims to provide powerful, in-orbit tools to the emerging experimenter's community that is keen to demonstrate advanced concepts for future space applications, such as: an in- orbit testbed for onboard software applications; advanced communication protocols; compression techniques; demonstrations of advanced software-defined radio concepts for communication purposes; and others. CBK PAN cooperates in developing the hardware for the CCSDS Engine. CBK PAN is actively involved in international cooperation, in many ESA programs and as a desirable and reliable partner has its share in the integration of European science and technology. In close cooperation with scientists and technicians in many international and European research organizations and programs, works are created that help to understand the evolution of the surface and atmosphere of Mars and reflect the uniqueness of the Martian ecosystem. The CBK PAN conducted analyzes of color and stereoscopic images of Mars from three instruments of the ExoMars Trace Gas mission. The aim of the research is to discover gases in the Martian atmosphere that can be produced in the Mars crust, and to identify sources of subsurface water bodies in which biological activity can exist today. The ESA Sentinel-2 Global Land Cover (S2GLC) project was completed. In this project a method of automatic and quick creation of detailed maps of land cover was developed. A map of land classification for Europe was made. Copernicus databases were used to make 15,000 classifications. This European land cover classification was presented as showcase of EC and ESA at the GEO summit in Canberra. It was the first such a high distinction for a Polish institution at this summit. 4 On November 7, CBK PAN launched a special experimental website (24/7) for the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO); service dedicated to radiocommunications, navigation along with information on radiation doses, as services for civil aviation in the world, for crews and ground services. ICAO has chosen three global consortia of space weather services. Over the next three years, they are to introduce a professional space weather service for aviation, providing operational support and increasing flight safety and ground infrastructure. CBK PAN is a member of the PECASUS consortium (including the British MET OFFICE, the Belgian Solar-Terrestrial Center of Excellence and the Finnish Meteorological Institute). In Poland, CBK PAN has established the first in Europe DRIVER+ Competence Center, whose task will be to reduce the risk of implementing new solutions in crisis management. The center will realistically test technical and organizational innovations before they will be bringing to operational service. The CBK PAN analyzes changes in groundwater and total water resources important for the Polish rivers the Vistula and Oder. For the first time, observations from the GRACE gravimetric mission were compared with well groundwater observations, results from GLDAS hydrological models as well as CMIP5 climate models. The ongoing CBK PAN BAMS-Mazovia project is to provide data on changes taking place in built-up areas based on automated classifications of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Through its operation, the built platform enables faster database updates and allows reducing the costs of maintaining and managing data. We are developing our staff by gaining further degrees and academic titles, as well as enrich the infrastructure necessary for the further development of our technological capabilities. In 2019, with the support of the President of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Marshal of the Lubuskie Voivodeship, CBK PAN opened a branch in Zielona Góra – the Laboratory of Dynamics of Satellite Manipulators. This is the only PAN facility in this province. Together with the University of Zielona Góra and local companies, the Laboratory will create a new, strong scientific and technical center operating in the field of space exploration. Active in so many various areas of space science, space engineering, space policy, education and outreach activities, CBK PAN proves its truly comprehensive approach to the research and space exploration. State-of-the-art science and technology and its innovative applications makes us reliable (I. Stanisławska) Director CBK PAN 5 We announce with deep regret that our colleagues and friends, long-time employees of the Centrum Badań Kosmicznych PAN, passed away in 2019: Jacek Krasowski in January 2019, Zbigniew Zbyszyński in October 2019, Zbigniew Błoński in November 2019. We will miss them deeply. CBK PAN's Management and staff 6 SPACE PROJECTS ARIEL (Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey) ARIEL, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exo- tion. The system also takes parallel photometric planet Large-survey, was selected as the fourth medium- measurements of selected objects. The CBK PAN class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme. It will team is responsible for the following items, and study what exoplanets are made of, how they formed and for providing any equipment needed to adjust and how they evolve, by surveying a diverse sample of about commission the device: 1000 extrasolar planets, simultaneously in visible and • the opto-mechanical part of the FGS; infrared wavelengths. It is the first mission dedicated to • its warm front end electronics; measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures • its control electronics; of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, enabling planetary • mechanical structures for the above items; and science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. • mechanical, engineering and optical ground This project concerns measurements of the spe- support equipment for the above items. ctral characteristics of the atmosphere of planets Engineering, Qualification, Flight and Spare orbiting stars of type F, G, K and M. These planets models of the FGS will be developed. Laboratory have temperatures in the range of 250–1,000 K, performance models are at an early stage of deve- and masses that range from a few to 100 Earth lopment. The FGS operates at a temperature of masses. The Polish team is involved in technical 50–55 K with detectors and so-called 'cold' front and scientific aspects. On the technical side, we end electronics; the other electronic devices
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