Lessons from the History of Internet Studies
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International Benchmarking of Australian Telecommunications International Services Benchmarking
telecoms.qxd 9/03/99 10:06 AM Page 1 International Benchmarking of Australian Telecommunications International Services Benchmarking March 1999 Commonwealth of Australia 1999 ISBN 0 646 33589 8 This work is subject to copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, the work may be reproduced in whole or in part for study or training purposes, subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source. Reproduction for commercial use or sale requires prior written permission from AusInfo. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Manager, Legislative Services, AusInfo, GPO Box 1920, Canberra, ACT, 2601. Inquiries: Media and Publications Productivity Commission Locked Bag 2 Collins Street East Post Office Melbourne Vic 8003 Tel: (03) 9653 2244 Fax: (03) 9653 2303 Email: [email protected] An appropriate citation for this paper is: Productivity Commission 1999, International Benchmarking of Australian Telecommunications Services, Research Report, AusInfo, Melbourne, March. The Productivity Commission The Productivity Commission, an independent Commonwealth agency, is the Government’s principal review and advisory body on microeconomic policy and regulation. It conducts public inquiries and research into a broad range of economic and social issues affecting the welfare of Australians. The Commission’s independence is underpinned by an Act of Parliament. Its processes and outputs are open to public scrutiny and are driven by concern for the wellbeing of the community as a whole. Information on the Productivity Commission, its publications and its current work program can be found on the World Wide Web at www.pc.gov.au or by contacting Media and Publications on (03) 9653 2244. -
Sense of Community and Political Mobilization in Virtual Communities: the Role of Dispositional and Situational Variables
Butler University Digital Commons @ Butler University Scholarship and Professional Work - Communication College of Communication 2010 Sense of Community and Political Mobilization in Virtual Communities: The Role of Dispositional and Situational Variables Kevin Y. Wang Butler University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ccom_papers Part of the Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Social Influence and oliticalP Communication Commons, and the Social Media Commons Recommended Citation Wang, Kevin Y., "Sense of Community and Political Mobilization in Virtual Communities: The Role of Dispositional and Situational Variables" (2010). Scholarship and Professional Work - Communication. 115. https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ccom_papers/115 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Communication at Digital Commons @ Butler University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarship and Professional Work - Communication by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Butler University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Observatorio (OBS*) Journal, vol.4 - nº1 (2010), 073-096 1646-5954/ERC123483/2010 073 Sense of Community and Political Mobilization in Virtual Communities: The Role of Dispositional and Situational Variables Kevin Y. Wang, University of Minnesota – School of Journalism and Mass Communication Abstract This paper explores the psychological processes that connect virtual communities to political behavior. -
Digital Inclusion in the Broadband World: Challenges for Australia
Digital Inclusion in the Broadband World: Challenges for Australia By Don Perlgut Paper presented at the Communications Policy and Research Forum Sydney, November 7, 2011 Introduction This paper discusses the potHQWLDOO\ORRPLQJ³GLJLWDOSDUWLFLSDWLRn gap´LQ$XVWUDOLDLI concerted efforts are not commenced soon to make certain that poor, remote and vulnerable communities in Australia are not actively included in the fast internet roll-out. The paper: - examines the NBN Co roll-out timing and assumptions; - DVNVWKHTXHVWLRQ³ZK\EURDGEDQG"´ - DQDO\VHVWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI³QRQ-DGRSWHUV´ and those at risk of not connecting to broadband internet; - reviews two SLORW³GLJLWDOLQFOXVLRQ´LQLWLDWLYHV RQHLQ$XVWUDOLDDQGRQHLQWKH86$ DQG - makes a number of recommendations that will enhance digital inclusion efforts in Australia. 1RZWKDW$XVWUDOLD¶V much-discussed National Broadband Network (NBN) is underway, many people assume that it is just a matter of time before we are all fully connected. The concept RI³GLJLWDOGLYLGH´has slipped from the public radar in recent years under the onslaught of smart phones, i3DGVRWKHU³WDEOHWV´DQGWKHEHZLOGHULQJDQGJURZLQJFROOHFWLRQ RIGLJLWDOGHYLFHVWKDWZLOORSHUDWHXQGHUWKHODZRI³LILWFDQEH FRQQHFWHGLWSUREDEO\ZLOO´ Those Australians most at risk of digital exclusion are poor, Indigenous, elderly, disabled or living in rural or remote areas of Australia. The publicity surrounding the development and construction of the NBN has created wKDW,FDOO³WKH.HYLQ&RVWQHUHIIHFW´QDPHGDIWHUWKH film Field of Dreams, which Costner starred in.1 7KHIDPRXV³WDJOLQH´RIWKDWILOPLV³LI\RX EXLOGLWWKH\ZLOOFRPH´+RZHYHURQHSUREOHPFDXVHGE\WKH1%1± which is in fact a visionary piece of public infrastructure the envy of many other countries, despite some internal Australian critics - is that just because you build it, it is certain that a large number will not come. -
Lexical Innovation on the Internet - Neologisms in Blogs
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2009 Lexical innovation on the internet - neologisms in blogs Smyk-Bhattacharjee, Dorota Abstract: Studien im Bereich des Sprachwandels beschreiben traditionellerweise diachronische Verän- derungen in den Kernsubsystemen der Sprache und versuchen, diese zu erklären. Obwohl ein Grossteil der Sprachwissenschaftler sich darüber einig ist, dass die aktuellen Entwicklungen in einer Sprache am klarsten im Wortschatz reflektiert werden, lassen die lexikographischen und morphologischen Zugänge zur Beobachtung des lexikalischen Wandels wichtige Fragen offen. So beschäftigen sich letztere typischer- weise mit Veränderungen, die schon stattgefunden haben, statt sich dem sich zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt vollziehenden Wandel zu widmen. Die vorliegende Dissertation bietet eine innovative Lösung zur Un- tersuchung des sich vollziehenden lexikalischen Wandels sowohl in Bezug auf die Datenquelle als auch bzgl. der verwendeten Methodologie. In den vergangenen 20 Jahren hat das Internet unsere Art zu leben, zu arbeiten und zu kommunizieren drastisch beeinflusst. Das Internet bietet aber auch eine Masse an frei zugänglichen Sprachdaten und damit neue Möglichkeiten für die Sprachforschung. Die in dieser Arbeit verwendeten Daten stammen aus einem Korpus englischsprachiger Blogs, eine Art Computer gestützte Kommunikation (computer-mediated communication, CMC). Blogs bieten eine neue, beispiel- lose Möglichkeit, Wörtern nachzuspüren zum Zeitpunkt, in der sie Eingang in die Sprache finden. Um die Untersuchung des Korpus zu vereinfachen, wurde eine Software mit dem Namen Indiana entwickelt. Dieses Instrument verbindet den Korpus basierten Zugang mit einer lexikographischen Analyse. Indiana verwendet eine Kombination von HTML-to-text converter, eine kumulative Datenbank und verschiede Filter, um potentielle Neologismen im Korpus identifizieren zu können. -
Regulating Cyber-Racism
REGULATING CYBER-RACISM GAIL M ASON* AND NATALIE CZAPSKI† Cyber-racism and other forms of cyber-bullying have become an increasing part of the internet mainstream, with 35% of Australian internet users witnessing such behaviour online. Cyber-racism poses a double challenge for effective regulation: a lack of consensus on how to define unacceptable expressions of racism; and the novel and unprecedented ways in which racism can flourish on the internet. The regulation of racism on the internet sits at the crossroads of different legal domains, but there has never been a comprehensive evaluation of these channels. This article examines the current legal and regulatory terrain around cyber-racism in Australia. This analysis exposes a gap in the capacity of current regulatory mechanisms to provide a prompt, efficient and enforceable system for responding to harmful online content of a racial nature. Drawing on recent legislative developments in tackling harmful content online, we consider the potential benefits and limitations of key elements of a civil penalties scheme to fill the gap in the present regulatory environment. We argue for a multifaceted approach, which encom- passes enforcement mechanisms to target both perpetrators and intermediaries once in- platform avenues are exhausted. Through our proposal, we can strengthen the arsenal of tools we have to deal with cyber-racism. CONTENTS I Introduction .............................................................................................................. 286 II The Double Challenge -
The Adoption of Broadband Internet in Australia and Canada
Forthcoming in the Handbook of Research on Global Diffusion of Broadband Data Transmission. Harrisburg, PA: Idea Group. (2007) THE ADOPTION OF BROADBAND INTERNET IN AUSTRALIA AND CANADA Catherine Middleton School of Information Technology Management Faculty of Business Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto, ON Canada M5B 2K3 Phone: +1 416 979 5000 x. 7923 Fax: +1 416 979 5249 [email protected] Shanton Chang Information Systems The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia Phone: +61 3 8344 1583 Fax: + 61 3 9349 4596 [email protected] 1 THE ADOPTION OF BROADBAND INTERNET IN AUSTRALIA AND CANADA ABSTRACT Broadband internet connectivity is seen as a means to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of an economy. But despite ongoing efforts to promote broadband in Australia, uptake has been much slower than expected. This paper aims to identify areas that have been holding up the broadband development in Australia. In examining multiple areas for attention (competition, user characteristics and behaviours, applications, network characteristics, and pricing), we refer to the experience of Canada, a leader in broadband deployment, to show the differences in each area. The paper outlines objectives for the development of a more user-friendly broadband environment in Australia, which would encourage broadband adoption. Although both countries discussed here have their own policy agendas and some unique circumstances related to broadband deployment, the paper provide valuable insights for policy makers and industry leaders in Australia, and in other countries which are struggling to develop widespread broadband deployment. KEYWORDS Broadband Internet, Canada, Australia, Broadband Supply, Broadband Demand, Facilities- based competition, ADSL, Cable modems INTRODUCTION Broadband has been considered as a key to enhancing competitiveness of an economy and sustaining economic growth (International Telecommunication Union, 2001, 2003c; OECD Directorate for Science Technology and Industry, 2001, 2002). -
The Digital Divide: the Internet and Social Inequality in International Perspective
http://www.diva-portal.org This is the published version of a chapter published in The Digital Divide: The Internet and Social Inequality in International Perspective. Citation for the original published chapter: Meinrath, S., Losey, J., Lennett, B. (2013) Afterword. Internet Freedom, Nuanced Digital Divide, and the Internet Craftsman. In: Massimo Ragnedda and Glenn W. Muschert (ed.), The Digital Divide: The Internet and Social Inequality in International Perspective (pp. 309-316). London: Routledge Routledge advances in sociology N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published chapter. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100423 The Digital Divide This book provides an in-depth comparative analysis of inequality and the stratification of the digital sphere. Grounded in classical sociological theories of inequality, as well as empirical evidence, this book defines “the digital divide” as the unequal access and utility of internet communications technologies and explores how it has the potential to replicate existing social inequalities, as well as create new forms of stratification. The Digital Divide examines how various demographic and socio-economic factors including income, education, age and gender, as well as infrastructure, products and services affect how the internet is used and accessed. Comprised of six parts, the first section examines theories of the digital divide, and then looks in turn at: • Highly developed nations and regions (including the USA, the EU and Japan); • Emerging large powers (Brazil, Russia, India, China); • Eastern European countries (Estonia, Romania, Serbia); • Arab and Middle Eastern nations (Egypt, Iran, Israel); • Under-studied areas (East and Central Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa). -
Internet Research in Psychology
PS66CH33-Gosling ARI 19 November 2014 13:50 Internet Research in Psychology Samuel D. Gosling1 and Winter Mason2 1Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712; email: [email protected] 2Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2015. 66:877–902 Keywords First published online as a Review in Advance on Internet research, online research September 22, 2014 The Annual Review of Psychology is online at Abstract psych.annualreviews.org Today the Internet plays a role in the lives of nearly 40% of the world’s pop- This article’s doi: ulation, and it is becoming increasingly entwined in daily life. This growing 10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015321 Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2015.66:877-902. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org presence is transforming psychological science in terms of the topics studied Access provided by University of British Columbia on 01/01/21. For personal use only. Copyright c 2015 by Annual Reviews. and the methods used. We provide an overview of the literature, consid- All rights reserved ering three broad domains of research: translational (implementing tradi- tional methods online; e.g., surveys), phenomenological (topics spawned or mediated by the Internet; e.g., cyberbullying), and novel (new ways to study existing topics; e.g., rumors). We discuss issues (e.g., sampling, ethics) that arise when doing research online and point to emerging opportunities (e.g., smartphone sensing). Psychological research on the Internet comes with new challenges, but the opportunities far outweigh the costs. By integrating the Internet, psychological research has the ability to reach large, diverse samples and collect data on actual behaviors, which will ultimately increase the impact of psychological research on society. -
Digital Citizenship Education
Internet Research Ethics: Digital Citizenship Education Internet Research Ethics: Digital Citizenship Education by Tohid Moradi Sheykhjan Ph.D. Scholar in Education University of Kerala Paper Presented at Seminar on New Perspectives in Research Organized by Department of Education, University of Kerala Venue Seminar Hall, Department of Education, University of Kerala, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 17th - 18th November, 2017 0 Internet Research Ethics: Digital Citizenship Education Internet Research Ethics: Digital Citizenship Education Tohid Moradi Sheykhjan PhD. Scholar in Education, University of Kerala Email: [email protected] Abstract Our goal for this paper discusses the main research ethical concerns that arise in internet research and reviews existing research ethical guidance in relation to its application for educating digital citizens. In recent years we have witnessed a revolution in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) that has transformed every field of knowledge. Education has not remained detached from this revolution. Ethical questions in relation to technology encompass a wide range of topics, including privacy, neutrality, the digital divide, cybercrime, and transparency. In a growing digital society, digital citizens recognize and value the rights, responsibilities and opportunities of living, learning and working in an interconnected digital world, and they engage in safe, legal and ethical behaviors. Too often we see technology users misuse and abuse technology because they are unaware of -
Regional Internet Access Survey Results, 2016
Regional Internet Access Survey Results, 2016 The BIRRR Regional Access Survey results – a tool to assist in lobbying for Better Internet for Rural, Regional, and Remote Australia BIRRR #datadrought #fixbushinternet Produced by Rachel Hay for Better Internet for Rural, www.birrraus.com Regional and Remote Australia (BIRRR) www.facebook.com/groups/BIRRR/ 2 May 2016 2 This report is published under a Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Publisher James Cook University Townsville, Australia ISBN XXX-X-XXXXXXX-X-X 3 Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 7 About BIRRR (Better Internet for Rural Regional and Remote Australia) ......................................... 8 About the Survey ............................................................................................................................... 9 About the sample .............................................................................................................................. 9 About the dataset .............................................................................................................................. 9 Results ............................................................................................................................................ 10 SECTION 1 .................................................................................................................................. 14 -
Guidelines for Internet Research with Human Subjects
Liberty University Institutional Review Board Guidelines for Internet Research with Human Subjects The Internet has become increasingly prominent as a research tool although specific regulations for Internet research compliance are currently only in their early developmental stages. In the absence of rules and policies, researchers and IRBs must use their sense of ethical empathy to adequately protect the rights and welfare of human subjects to guide research design and execution. Information provided by the Internet usually includes, but is not limited to, email, websites and bulletin boards. Generally, Internet-based research should be subject to the same ethical principles as more traditional research with human subjects. Beneficence, justice and respect for persons are paramount. Internet researchers have moral obligations to respect and protect human beings as autonomous agents and thereby to protect human dignity (Ess, 2002). Briefly, Internet researchers must: Do no harm, Protect the anonymity of subjects, Protect the confidentiality of all research data tied to the identity of subjects, Obtain informed consent from subjects. Public or Private Space? The Internet is generally considered a public domain, easily accessible to anyone, yet many Internet community members regard their online interactions to be private conversations embedded in public space. Researchers must be sensitive to the issue that whether a space is public or private is relative to the definitions of those who occupy it (Cavanagh, 1999) and be aware of the implications resulting for the informed consent process. Psychological harm can result when members are unaware that they are being analyzed and when the results of the study are published in a way that allows the participants to identify themselves and their community. -
Safety and Security on the Internet: Challenges
Safety and security on the Internet Challenges and advances in Member States Based on the findings of the second global survey on eHealth Global Observatory for eHealth series - Volume 4 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Safety and security on the Internet: challenges and advances in Member States: based on the findings of the second global survey on eHealth.(Global Observatory for eHealth Series, v. 4) 1.Internet - utilization. 2.Computer security. 3.Computers. 4.Access to information. 5.Medical informatics. I.WHO Global Observatory for eHealth. ISBN 978 92 4 156439 7 (NLM classification: W 26.5) © World Health Organization 2011 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO web site (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO web site (http://www.who.int/about/ licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.