2001 QUEENSLAND YEAR BOOK 2001 QUEENSLAND YEAR BOOK BRIAN DOYLE Regional Director, Queensland NUMBER 58 ABS Catalogue No. 1301.3 ISSN 0085-5359 Commonwealth of Australia 2001 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without permission from Ausinfo. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and right should be addressed to the Manager, Legislative Services, Ausinfo, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601. In all cases the ABS must be acknowledged as the source when reproducing or quoting any part of an ABS publication or other product. Front cover photograph: Queen Street, south-west of Edward Street—1897 (Queensland Past and Present, 1897). Back cover photograph: Queen Street mall, south-west of Edward Street—2000 (Photograph by Robb Luff). Table of Contents Chapter Page Explanatory Notes vii 1 History and Government 1 2 Environment 25 3 Population 49 4 Labour 73 5 Health 89 6 Social Welfare 107 7 Education and Training 125 8 Law and Order 141 9 Finance 161 10 Tourism, The Arts and Sport 185 11 Agriculture 221 12 Mining 243 13 Manufacturing 267 14 Housing and Construction 281 15 Transport and Communications 295 16 Trade and Prices 333 Acknowledgments 353 For Inquiries... 354 Index 355 vi Queensland Year Book 2001 Queensland Year Book 2001 vii Explanatory Notes Statistics shown in this publication are the latest available at the time of preparation. In some cases, figures appearing in this publication are subject to revision and may differ from those in previous publications. Symbols and The following symbols mean: other usages n.a. not available n.e.c. not elsewhere classified n.e.i. not elsewhere included n.e.s. not elsewhere specified n.p. not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated n.y.a. not yet available p preliminary — figure or series subject to revision r figure or series revised since previous issue * subject to sampling variability too high for most purposes ** subject to sampling variability too high for most purposes .. not applicable — nil or rounded to zero (including null cells) ______ break in continuity of series Where figures have been rounded, discrepancies may occur between totals and the sums of the component items. Values are shown in Australian dollars ($ or $A) or cents (c). All measurements of physical quantities have been expressed in metric units. Further At the end of each chapter a list of selected publications issued by the references Queensland and Central offices of the Australian Bureau of Statistics is given. These provide detailed statistical information on topics covered in the chapters. A catalogue number is shown in brackets after the title and this number should be quoted when ordering these publications. viii Queensland Year Book 2001 A complete list of ABS publications produced in Canberra and in each of the State offices is contained in the ABS Catalogue of Publications and Products (1101.0) which is available from any ABS office. Local Local government areas were created as each part of the State became government populated, but since 1916 the trend has been towards a reduction in the areas number of areas together with the delegation of wider powers. They represent the whole, undivided area of responsibility of an incorporated local government council. Local government areas are used as basic districts for the presentation of population census and other statistical data. Statistical Statistical collections in the State are based generally on local government divisions areas. For convenience of comparison, the areas are grouped into statistical divisions. The maps on pages 18 and 20 indicate the areas covered by the local government areas and statistical divisions. The 11 statistical divisions are: Brisbane, Moreton, Wide Bay–Burnett, Darling Downs, South West, Fitzroy, Central West, Mackay, Northern, Far North and North West. Chapter 1—History and Government 1 1 History and Government History 3 Early exploration 3 Settlement 3 Separation 4 1860 to Federation 4 Federation to the present 4 Government 6 Commonwealth Constitution and Government 6 Queensland Government 7 Local government 12 Life in colonial Queensland 16 The first census of Queensland — 1861 16 From penal settlement to independent colony 17 The Queensland population 17 Health 18 Cause of death 19 Marital status 19 Housing 19 Education 20 The justice system 20 Religion 20 Production and occupation 20 References 23 Chapter 1—History and Government 3 HISTORY Although the first inhabitants probably arrived from south-eastern Asia about 40,000 years ago, European exploration of the area which is now Queensland occurred in the 17th century. European settlement of Queensland began in 1824 when a site for a penal settlement was chosen on the Brisbane River. By 1839, the convict establishment was phased out and the land was prepared for sale for free settlement. In 1859, the colony of Queensland was separated from New South Wales. Rapid growth was experienced after separation and this growth has continued to the present. Early Exploration of Queensland began in the early 17th century when European exploration voyagers such as Willem Jansz in 1606 and Jan Carstens in 1623 visited and explored the Gulf of Carpentaria and Cape York Peninsula. Later, in 1644, Abel Tasman also explored Cape York Peninsula, naming it Carpentaria Land. Lieutenant James Cook is widely recognised as first discovering Queensland when he sailed up the eastern Queensland coast in 1770 in the Endeavour. Cook was followed by Lieutenant Matthew Flinders in 1799 who explored Moreton and Hervey Bays. In 1818, John Thomas Bigge was commissioned to investigate the condition of New South Wales, with the underlying assumption that he would suggest ways of putting ‘terror back into transportation’. He reported in 1822 that penal bases could be established at Port Bowen (now Port Clinton), Port Curtis and Moreton Bay, all to be places of stern discipline and control. Settlement In 1823, the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Thomas Brisbane, sent John Oxley to select a site for a penal settlement. Oxley recommended Redcliffe Point on Moreton Bay and settlement began in September 1824. However, this settlement was deemed unsuitable and, in the following year, the penal settlement was moved to a new site on the Brisbane River (where Brisbane City is presently situated). In 1827, Allan Cunningham discovered and named the Darling Downs and in the following year he travelled through the ‘gap’ (Cunningham’s Gap) in the Great Dividing Range. The discovery of the Darling Downs and the ‘gap’ was instrumental in the development of pastoral land in Queensland and providing a link between the Brisbane settlement and the Darling Downs. In 1840, Patrick Leslie led the squatters and their thousands of sheep and cattle from New England and southern New South Wales to the Darling Downs. The Brisbane penal settlement officially closed in 1839 and the area was opened up for permanent settlement. The first sale of Moreton Bay land was held in Sydney in 1842, and free settlement began in Moreton Bay and Brisbane Town the following year. Following settlement in Brisbane Town and the Darling Downs in the early 1840s, exploration and pastoralisation in other parts of Queensland began. Meanwhile, in 1845, the first population count of the Moreton Bay and Darling Downs districts showed 1,599 persons. 4 Queensland Year Book 2001 Separation In the years following free settlement, the isolation of the Moreton Bay and Darling Downs settlements from the centre of government in Sydney led to the move for separation from New South Wales. The need for separation dominated discussions and after a number of failed attempts, arrangements were finally made for the separation from New South Wales to take place. On 6 June 1859, Queen Victoria issued Letters Patent ‘erecting Moreton Bay into colony under the name of Queensland’. On 6 September of the same year, Brisbane, with a population 5,000, was proclaimed a municipality, with John Petrie being the first mayor. On 10 December 1859, separation of the new colony of Queensland from New South Wales was proclaimed by the Governor, Sir George Ferguson Bowen. At the time of the separation from New South Wales in 1859, the population of Queensland was 23,520 persons. Population growth was rapid in the early years and it took less than 5 years for the population to double. 1860 to After becoming a separate colony in 1859, Queensland quickly developed, Federation with many towns outside Brisbane being established. For example, Ipswich and Rockhampton were constituted as towns in 1860, while Maryborough and Warwick became towns the following year. In 1862, the first telegraph link between Brisbane, Ipswich, Toowoomba and Sydney was completed and an extensive railway construction program commenced. The growth and development of the Queensland colony was somewhat halted when a severe economic crisis occurred in 1866. It was the discovery of gold that enabled the colony to thrive once again. Gold was discovered at Gympie, Cape River and Cloncurry in 1867. In the following two decades many other gold discoveries were made and this further helped development of settlements and towns throughout central, western and northern Queensland. Agriculture, especially the sugar industry, also expanded at this time with farms being established over a large area. Queensland’s population passed the 250,000 mark in 1883, and reached half a million by the time of Federation in 1901. Federation to The Commonwealth of Australia was created in 1901 with Queensland the present becoming a State. Queensland’s population in 1901 was 506,721, comprising 282,291 males and 224,430 females. Brisbane was proclaimed a city in 1902.Queensland’s estimated population at 30 June 1999 was 3,512,356.