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13 Ijmeit.Pdf IJMEIT// Vol. 2 Issue 7 //July 2014 //Page No: 639-642//ISSN-2348-196x 2014 Study on Raspberry Pi Authors Alex David S1, Grace Priyanka J2 1Assistant Professor, Veltech Dr.RR & Dr.SR Technical University. Chennai 2Assistant Professor, Dr. G. U. Pope College of Engineering, Sawyerpuram. ABSTRACT Raspberry Pi is a credit card size on chip computer. Miniaturizations become one of the most important aspects in the material designs. It includes Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip, ARM1176™ processor CPU, in build RAM and comes in two versions. This paper deals with technical study and applications possible by raspberry pi. Keywords- Raspberry Pi, SoC, Small Computer Low Power ARM1176JZ-F Applications Processor 1. INTRODUCTION Dual Core VideoCore IV® Multimedia Co-Processor Day by day new technologies has been introduced by 1080p30 Full HD HP H.264 Video Encode/Decode researchers to enhance the performance. Miniaturizations Advanced Image Sensor Pipeline (ISP) for up to 20- become one of the most important aspects in the material megapixel cameras operating at up to 220 megapixels designs. People want to their everyday things in a handheld per second manner or compact manner with less cost. An innovative idea Low power, high performance OpenGL-ES® 1.1/2.0 has been implemented by the group of student’s to design VideoCore GPU. 1 Gigapixel per second fill rate. credit card size single on board computer. The name for this High performance display outputs. Simultaneous high credit card size computer is Raspberry Pi [1]. It available in resolution LCD and HDMI with HDCP at 1080p60 two versions key difference is only the capacity of RAM. 1.1 Architectural Design 1.3 Central Processing Unit The Raspberry Pi has a Broadcom BCM2835 system on a The hardware within a computer that carries out the chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz instructions of a computer program by performing the basic processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded to 512 MB. It is called a central processing unit (CPU). Multiprocessing is does not include a built-in hard disk or solid-state drive, but a computer can have more than one CPU. Nowadays modern uses an SD card for booting and persistent storage. CPUs are microprocessors, meaning contained on a single chip. Some integrated circuits (ICs) can contain multiple CPUs on a single chip; those ICs are called multi-core processors. An IC 1.2 System on a chip containing a CPU can also contain peripheral devices, and other components of a computer system; this is called a system An American fabless semiconductor company in the on a chip (SoC). wireless and broadband communication business Broadcom Corporation has designed a SoC for raspberry Pi called Two typical components of a CPU are the arithmetic BCM2835. The BCM2835 is a cost-optimized, full HD, logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical multimedia applications processor for advanced mobile and operations, and the control unit (CU), which extracts embedded applications that require the highest levels of instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, multimedia performance. Designed and optimized for power calling on the ALU when necessary. Not all computational efficiency, BCM2835 uses Broadcom's Video Core IV systems rely on a central processing unit. An array processor technology to enable applications in media playback, imaging, or vector processor has multiple parallel computing elements, camcorder, streaming media, graphics and 3D gaming. This with no one unit considered the "center". In the distributed has the following features Alex David s, Grace Priyanka J, IJMEIT Volume 2 Issue 7 July 2014 Page 639 IJMEIT// Vol. 2 Issue 7 //July 2014 //Page No: 639-642//ISSN-2348-196x 2014 computing model, problems are solved by a distributed High performance in low-cost designs interconnected set of processors. 800MHz to 1GHz+ at 65G in under 2 mm2 1.4 ARM1176 Processor ARM System IP, Physical IP, and available third party design support In Raspberry Pi ARM1176™ processor used as a ARM926/AHB to ARM11/AXI migration simplified CPU internal organization shown in fig 1.1[3]. The through AMBA® AHB-AXI bridge fabric ARM1176TM is applications processors deployed broadly in devices ranging from smart phones to digital TV's to eReaders, Compelling end-user experience delivering media and browser performance, a secure computing environment, and performance up to 1GHz in low Significant performance increase over ARM926EJ- cost designs. The ARM1176JZ-S processor features S™ processor in media, OS, and browser ARM TrustZone technology for secure applications and performance ARM Jazelle technology for efficient embedded Java Smartphone-class web browser software and OS execution. Optional tightly coupled memories simplify support ARM9™ processor migration and real-time design, while Basic support for Adobe Flash (Flash Lite) with ® TM AMBA 3 AXI interfaces improves memory bus ARM11 + L2 performance. DVFS support enables power optimization o Flash Player 10.1 support requires ARMv7A below the best-in-class nominal static and dynamic power of (Cortex-A class) TM the ARM11 processor architecture. Combine ARM1176 with Mali-200 to provide OpenGL ES 2.0 support for rich UI 1.5 Graphics processing unit A graphics processing unit (GPU), also occasionally called visual processing unit (VPU), is a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display. GPUs are used in embedded systems, mobile phones, personal computers, workstations, and game consoles. Modern GPUs are very efficient at manipulating computer graphics, and their highly parallel structure makes them more effective than general- purpose CPUs for algorithms where processing of large blocks of data is done in parallel. In a personal computer, a GPU can be present on a video card, or it can be on the motherboard or—in certain CPUs—on the CPU die. Raspberry Pi has Broadcom VideoCore IV @ 250 MHz OpenGL ES 2.0 (24 GFLOPS) Fig 1.1 Internal Structure of ARM 1176JZF-S MPEG-2 and VC-1, 1080p30 h.264/MPEG-4 AVC high- profile decoder and encoder Reasons behind choosing ARM 1167JZF-S 1.6 Other Peripherals Low risk and fast time to market Memory : Raspberry Pi has two versions Model A Proven, well-understood and widely deployed has 256 MB RAM and Model B has 512 MB RAM processor USB Ports : 2 USB Ports available for user Available as soft core or hard macro (from ARM and Video Outputs : One Composite RCA (PAL and ARM partners) NTSC), one HDMI, raw LCD Panels via DSI. Pre-verified supporting components and reference HDMI resolutions from 640×350 to 1920×1200 plus implementation flows various PAL and NTSC standards. Extensive software and tool ecosystem Alex David s, Grace Priyanka J, IJMEIT Volume 2 Issue 7 July 2014 Page 640 IJMEIT// Vol. 2 Issue 7 //July 2014 //Page No: 639-642//ISSN-2348-196x 2014 1.7 Hard Disk code is compiled locally according to the user's preferences and is often optimized for the specific type of computer. There is no in build secondary storage in Raspberry Precompiled binaries are available for some very large Pi. SD Cards can be used as HDD for Raspberry Pi. Operating packages and for packages whose source code has not been Systems can be loaded to SD Card and boot from it. released. The "Gentoo" name comes from the fast-swimming Gentoo penguin. It was chosen to reflect the potential speed 2. Operating Systems for Raspberry Pi improvements of machine-specific optimization. Gentoo package management is designed to be modular, portable, easy There are number of operating systems are available to maintain, and flexible. Gentoo is sometimes described as a for Raspberry Pi. Each has its own pros and cons. According meta-distribution, "because of its near-unlimited adaptability", to the need of user Operating Systems can be selected. Also in that the majority of users have configurations and sets of Linux Kernel is available as open source so any one can installed programs which are unique to themselves. develop their own operating systems for Raspberry Pi[4]. 2.4 Fedor 2.1 Arch Linux ARM Fedor is an operating system based on the Linux Arch Linux ARM is a branch of Arch Linux for ARM kernel, developed by the community-supported Fedora Project processors. Unlike Arch Linux which is aimed at x86 CPU's and owned by Red Hat. The Fedora Project's mission is to lead such as the i686 and x86-64, Arch Linux ARM is aimed at low the advancement of free and open source software and content and high end ARM CPUs. On the low end there is support for as a collaborative community. Fedora uses the RPM package ARMv5 platforms like plug computers and OXNAS-based management system. Fedora contains software distributed ARMv6 PogoPlugs. On the higher end, there is support for under a free and open source license and aims to be on the Cortex-A8 platforms such as the BeagleBoard, the Cortex-A9 leading edge of such technologies. Fedora developers prefer to and Tegra platforms like the PandaBoard and TrimSlice.[4] make upstream changes instead of applying fixes specifically However, Arch Linux ARM can run on any device that for Fedora—this ensures that their updates are available to all supports ARMv5te, ARMv6h or ARMv7 instruction sets. Linux distributions. A version of Fedora has a relatively short life cycle—the maintenance period is only 13 months: there 2.2 Debian are 6 months between releases, and version X is supported only until 1 month after version X+2.
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