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DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ARTICLE 20/04/2021 1. Chenab Bridge

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DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ARTICLE 20/04/2021 1. Chenab Bridge DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ARTICLE 20/04/2021 1. Chenab Bridge Why in News Recently, Indian Railways completed the arch closure of the iconic Chenab Bridge in Jammu & Kashmir. Key Points ▪ About Chenab Bridge: o It is the world's highest railway bridge and is part of the Udhampur-Srinagar- Baramulla rail link project (USBRL). • The Project was declared as a Project of National Importance in March 2002. o This bridge is 1,315-metre long and is the highest railway bridge in the world being 359 metres above the river bed level. o The completion of the steel arch is a major leap towards the completion of the 111 km long stretch from Katra to Banihal. • It is arguably the biggest civil-engineering challenge faced by any railway project in India in recent history. ▪ Unique Features of this Bridge: o Bridge designed to withstand high wind speed up to 266 Km/Hour. o Bridge designed for blast load in consultation with DRDO for the first time in India. o Bridge designed to bear earthquake forces of highest intensity zone-V in India. o First time on Indian Railways, Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing machine used for testing of welds. o First time on Indian Railways, National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) accredited lab established at site for weld testing. o Extensive health monitoring and warning systems planned through state of art instrumentation. Chenab River ▪ Source: It rises in the upper Himalayas in the Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh state. o The river is formed by the confluence of two rivers, Chandra and Bhaga, at Tandi, 8 km southwest of Keylong, in the Lahaul and Spiti district. • The Bhaga river originates from Surya taal lake, which is situated a few kilometers west of the Bara-lacha la pass in Himachal Pradesh. • The Chandra river originates from glaciers east of the same pass (near Chandra Taal). ▪ Flows Through: It flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir into the plains of Punjab, Pakistan, before flowing into the Indus River. ▪ Some of the important projects/dams on Chenab: o Ratle Hydro Electric Project o Salal Dam- hydroelectric power project near Reasi o Dul Hasti Hydroelectric Plant- power project in Kishtwar District o Pakal Dul Dam (under construction)- on a tributary Marusadar River in Kishtwar District 2. Indian Energy Exchange Why in News The electricity market at Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) achieved an all-time high volume of 8,248.52 MU (million units) in the month of March 2021 surpassing all the previous milestones. About Indian Energy Exchange: o It is the first and largest energy exchange in India providing a nationwide, automated trading platform for physical delivery of electricity, Renewable Energy Certificates and Energy Saving Certificates. o The exchange platform enables efficient price discovery and increases the accessibility and transparency of the power market in India while also enhancing the speed and efficiency of trade execution. o It is a publicly listed company with National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). o It is approved and regulated by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) and has been operating since 2008. ▪ Mission: o To leverage technology and innovation to establish transparent and efficient energy marketplaces for delivering affordable, reliable energy to consumers. ▪ Trading Platform for: o Physical Delivery of Electricity: • Day-Ahead Market (DAM): • It is a physical electricity trading market for deliveries for any/some/all 15 minute time blocks in 24 hours of the next day starting from midnight. • Term-Ahead Market (TAM): • The contracts under TAM cover a range for buying/selling electricity for duration up to 11 days. • It enables participants to purchase electricity for the same day through intra-day contracts, for the next day through day- ahead contingency, on a daily basis for rolling seven days through daily contracts. o Renewable Energy Certificates (REC): • Under the REC mechanism, a generator can generate electricity through the renewable resources in any part of the country. • For the electricity part, the generator receives the cost equivalent to that from any conventional source while the environment attribute is sold through the exchanges at the market determined price. • The obligated entity from any part of the country can purchase these RECs to meet its RPO (Renewable Purchase Obligation) compliance. • Obligated entities may either purchase renewable energy or can purchase RECs to meet their RPO set under RPO of their respective States. o Energy Saving Certificates (ESCerts): • These are the tradable certificates under the Perform, Achieve, Trade (PAT) Scheme of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE). • It is a market-based mechanism to incentivise energy efficiency in large energy-intensive industries. Central Electricity Regulatory Commission ▪ CERC is a regulator of the power sector in India. ▪ It intends to promote competition, efficiency and economy in bulk power markets, improve the quality of supply, promote investments and advise the government on the removal of institutional barriers to bridge the demand supply gap. ▪ It is a statutory body functioning with quasi-judicial status under the Electricity Act 2003. 3. International Relations: India- Russia Why in News • Recently Indian and Russian Foreign Ministers addressed each other’s concerns on a wide range of issues. • The issues range from defence supplies to the S-400 air defence system, India’s role in Afghanistan and Taliban’s involvement in power-sharing to cooperation on Covid vaccines and India’s participation in the Quad grouping. India - Russia Relations ▪ Political (Annual Summit): The Annual Summit meeting between the Prime Minister of India and the President of the Russian Federation is the highest institutionalized dialogue mechanism in the strategic partnership between India and Russia. ▪ Economic: India-Russia trade, amounting to USD 10.11 billion in 2019-2020, is far below the potential. Both countries have set the bilateral trade target at USD 30 billion by 2025. ▪ Defence and Security: BrahMos Missile System as well as the licensed production in India of SU-30 aircraft and T-90 tanks, are examples. ▪ Cooperation in Nuclear Energy: Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KKNPP) is being built in India with Russian cooperation. ▪ Cooperation in Space Sector: Cooperation in Gaganyaan program. ▪ Common Multilateral Forums: o BRICS o Russia-India-China Grouping: RIC o Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) ▪ Military Exercises: o Exercise TSENTR 2019. o Indra Exercises - Joint Tri-Services (Army, Navy, Air Force) Exercises. Key Points about Foreign Ministers address : o Economic opportunities in the Russian Far East. • The Russian Far East stretches from Lake Baikal, the world’s largest freshwater lake, to the Pacific Ocean and comprises roughly a third of Russia’s territory. • Although it is rich in natural resources including minerals, hydrocarbons, timber and fish, it is an economically underdeveloped region. o Leveraging the Atmanirbhar Bharat campaign to boost manufacturing in India. o Connectivity through the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC). • INSTC is a multi-modal transportation established in September 2000 in St. Petersburg, by Iran, Russia and India for the purpose of promoting transportation cooperation. o The Chennai-Vladivostok Eastern maritime corridor. • It is a maritime route covering approximately 5,600 nautical miles, aimed at increasing bilateral trade between India and Russia. o Long standing partnership in space and nuclear sectors. ▪ S-400 Air Defence System: o Issues regarding the sale of the S-400 air defence system figured in the discussions. • The S-400 Triumf is a mobile, surface-to-air missile system (SAM) designed by Russia. It is the most dangerous operationally deployed modern long-range SAM (MLR SAM) in the world, considered much ahead of the US-developed Terminal High Altitude Area Defense system (THAAD). o While India is keen on buying it, the USA has expressed reservations by threatening sanctions under Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA). ▪ Afghan Peace: o There is a need to “harmonise” the interests of various stakeholders that are active in and around Afghanistan. o The peace process should be based on foundational principles and a political solution should mean independent, sovereign, united and democratic Afghanistan. o Decision on the settlement in Afghanistan should foresee the participation of all political, ethnic and religious groups in the country. Otherwise the solution will not be stable. • It needs to be noted that India was not a part of a recent meeting led by Russia on Afghan peace. ▪ Medical Cooperation: o The Russian Fund for Direct Investment has signed contracts with various Indian manufacturers for Sputnik V vaccines for 700-750 million doses. o Both ministers also took up the possible export of the Covaxin to Russia which is likely to be cleared by experts. .
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