The Aquatic Gardener
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Common Fish Keeping Myths
Common Fish Keeping Myths There are many common misconceptions and myths floating around about fish keeping and aquarium care, so we’re going to take a moment to address a few of the ones we frequently hear: I can put several fish in a small two gallon bowl. This mostly depends on the fish. With fish tanks, there is something we call the bio load - the number of fish you can have based on the size of the tank and the size of the fish. The general rule of thumb is one inch of fish per gallon. There are some ways to fudge this rule: adding a filter (or a more powerful filter) and more frequent water changes can allow you to keep a few more fish. Some of the cleaner and hardier species of fish can be in larger groups., and it all depends on the amount of work you want to put into your tank. Fish only grow to the size of their tank. There are some species that do suffer from "stunting" and stay small, but this is usually caused by ammonia poisoning, not the tank size. And while fish kept in this toxic environment will survive, it's for a limited time, and they won't thrive. Most species will grow to their adult sizes, regardless of the size of their homes. Bottom feeders and algae eaters will help keep my tank clean. This is the most common one we hear, and it's definitely not true. Most bottom feeders are members of the catfish family. -
Inspirational Aquariums the Art of Beautiful Fishkeeping
Inspirational aquariums The art of beautiful fishkeeping For more information: www.tetra.net Discover the art of keeping a beautiful aquarium Fashionable fishkeeping You want your aquarium to be a source of pride and joy and a wonderful, living addition to your home. Perhaps you feel you are there already but may be looking for inspiration for new looks or improvements. Perhaps that is just a dream for now and you want to make it a reality. Either way, the advice and ideas contained in this brochure are designed to give you a helping hand in taking your aquarium to the next level. 2 3 Create a room with a view An aquarium is no longer a means of just keeping fish. With a little inspiration and imagination it can be transformed into the focal point of your living room. A beautiful living accessory which changes scenery every second and adds a stunning impression in any decor. 4 Aquarium design There are many ideas to choose lakes of the African Rift Valley; from: Plants in an aquarium are an Amazon riverbed, even a as varied as they are beautiful coral reef in your own home. and can bring a fresh dimension The choices are limitless and to aquarium decoration as well with almost any shape or size as new interest. possible. Maybe you would like to consider a more demanding fish species such as a marine aquarium, or a biotope aquarium housing fish from one of the 5 A planted aquarium What is a planted aquarium? As you can see there are some So, if you want your fish to stand stunning examples of planted out and be the main focus of aquariums and results like these attention in your aquarium, you are within your grasp if you may only want to use very few follow a few basic guidelines. -
Text Transformation K Text Statistics K Parsing Documents K Information Extraction K Link Analysis
Chapter IR:III III. Text Transformation q Text Statistics q Parsing Documents q Information Extraction q Link Analysis IR:III-25 Text Transformation © HAGEN/POTTHAST/STEIN 2018 Parsing Documents Retrieval Unit The atomic unit of retrieval of a search engine is typically a document. Relation between documents and files: q One file, one document. Examples: web page, PDF, Word file. q One file, many documents. Examples: archive files, email threads and attachments, Sammelbände. q Many files, one document. Examples: web-based slide decks, paginated web pages, e.g., forum threads. Dependent on the search domain, a retrieval unit may be defined different from what is commonly considered a document: q One document, many units. Examples: comments, reviews, discussion posts, arguments, chapters, sentences, words, etc. IR:III-26 Text Transformation © HAGEN/POTTHAST/STEIN 2018 Parsing Documents Index Term Documents and queries are preprocessed into sets of normalized index terms. Lemma- tization Stop word Index Plain text Tokenization extraction removal terms Stemming The primary goal of preprocessing is to unify the vocabularies of documents and queries. Each preprocessing step is a heuristic to increase the likelihood of semantic matches while minimizing spurious matches. A secondary goal of preprocessing is to create supplemental index terms to improve retrieval performance, e.g., for documents that do not posses many of their own. IR:III-27 Text Transformation © HAGEN/POTTHAST/STEIN 2018 Parsing Documents Document Structure and Markup The most common document format for web search engines is HTML. Non-HTML documents are converted to HTML documents for a unified processing pipeline. Index terms are obtained from URLs and HTML markup. -
Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S
Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4—An Update April 2013 Prepared by: Pam L. Fuller, Amy J. Benson, and Matthew J. Cannister U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center Gainesville, Florida Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia Cover Photos: Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix – Auburn University Giant Applesnail, Pomacea maculata – David Knott Straightedge Crayfish, Procambarus hayi – U.S. Forest Service i Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vi INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Overview of Region 4 Introductions Since 2000 ....................................................................................... 1 Format of Species Accounts ...................................................................................................................... 2 Explanation of Maps ................................................................................................................................ -
Mitochondrial Genomes of the Early Land Plant Lineage
Dong et al. BMC Genomics (2019) 20:953 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-6365-y RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Mitochondrial genomes of the early land plant lineage liverworts (Marchantiophyta): conserved genome structure, and ongoing low frequency recombination Shanshan Dong1,2, Chaoxian Zhao1,3, Shouzhou Zhang1, Li Zhang1, Hong Wu2, Huan Liu4, Ruiliang Zhu3, Yu Jia5, Bernard Goffinet6 and Yang Liu1,4* Abstract Background: In contrast to the highly labile mitochondrial (mt) genomes of vascular plants, the architecture and composition of mt genomes within the main lineages of bryophytes appear stable and invariant. The available mt genomes of 18 liverwort accessions representing nine genera and five orders are syntenous except for Gymnomitrion concinnatum whose genome is characterized by two rearrangements. Here, we expanded the number of assembled liverwort mt genomes to 47, broadening the sampling to 31 genera and 10 orders spanning much of the phylogenetic breadth of liverworts to further test whether the evolution of the liverwort mitogenome is overall static. Results: Liverwort mt genomes range in size from 147 Kb in Jungermanniales (clade B) to 185 Kb in Marchantiopsida, mainly due to the size variation of intergenic spacers and number of introns. All newly assembled liverwort mt genomes hold a conserved set of genes, but vary considerably in their intron content. The loss of introns in liverwort mt genomes might be explained by localized retroprocessing events. Liverwort mt genomes are strictly syntenous in genome structure with no structural variant detected in our newly assembled mt genomes. However, by screening the paired-end reads, we do find rare cases of recombination, which means multiple concurrent genome structures may exist in the vegetative tissues of liverworts. -
API® Lesson 4 | Understanding Fish Mouth Types
API® Lesson 4 | Understanding Fish Mouth Types This lesson plan provides a basic understanding of different types of mouths in fish. The position of the mouth can be an indication of feeding habits. Based on the type of mouth one can then determine the preferred location used to secure food. The shape of the mouth such as elongated, spear-like, or tubular can also shed light on feeding habits. For Instructor/Teacher/Parent Make sure to read through the entire lesson plan before beginning this with students/family members as materials needed for this lesson are an aquarium to observe, and paper and pencil for drawing. Learning Objectives After completing the activities outlined in this lesson plan, students should be able to: • Provide definition and description of varying fish mouth types • Preferred location of fish for feeding based on mouth type • Examples of teeth in fish • Basic understanding of sensory organs and purpose in and around the mouth Length This activity will take about 2 hours for completion of this exercise. Materials • Freshwater aquarium with a few varieties of fish (top, middle and bottom feeder fish) • Paper/Sketch Pad • Pencil to sketch fish mouth images • Three different food types o Floating food, such as API TROPICAL FLAKES o Sinking food, such as API BOTTOM FEEDER SINKING PELLETS o Bottom wafer-like food, such as API ALGAE EATER WAFERS Key Terms Review key terms (printable sheet included at the end of the lesson) with students/family members. 1) Terminal Mouth 2) Superior Mouth 3) Inferior Sub-Terminal Mouth 4) Barbels 5) Suction Mouth 6) Protrusible Mouth Warm Up Ask a couple of questions to warm up for the lesson: 1) Do you currently have any fish? Can you identify different mouth shapes? 2) What location in the aquarium do you typically see your fish intake their food? 3) What type of food do your fish eat? Before You Start 1. -
Missouri Aquarium Society, Inc. St. Louis, Missouri BELDT’S AQUARIUM
July – August - September 2003 Missouri Aquarium Society, Inc. St. Louis, Missouri BELDT’S AQUARIUM 7025 Howdershell Rd. Hazelwood, Missouri 314-895-3350 1 Mile west of Lindbergh and I-270 Over 300 Tanks on Display! We have everything for both the beginner and the advanced hobbyist. Cichlids are our speciality. We have at least 50 varieties of African and Neotropical cichlids in stock at all times. NOW OFFERING a full line of Saltwater Fish and Supplies. COMPLETE LINE OF: • Tropical Fish • Saltwater Fish & Invertebrates • Birds • Aquariums • Aquarium Supplies • Dog & Cat Supplies • Small Animal Supplies • Bird Supplies Our hatchery contains over 2,000 tanks and vats full of Imports from Bangkok, Singapore, Hong Kong, Africa and South America HOURS Monday through Friday 9 to 9 Saturday 9 to 6 Sunday 12:30 to 6 2 July, August, September 2003 THE DARTER Volume 29, No. 3 Table of Contents MASI 2003-2004Officials Page 4 Places to Be/Things to See Page 5 Presidents Page Jack Berhorst Page 6 Horticultural Award Program Mike Hellweg Page 7 Notes about our HAP program Mike Hellweg Page 8 HAP Ranking Mike Hellweg Page 9 Show Report Gary Lange Page 10 Attaching Riccia for Decorations Derek Walker Page 12 The Madagascar Lace Plant Mike Hellweg Page 13 Setting up a “Low Tech” Planted Tank Mike Hellweg Page 17 Planting Aquarium Plants Derek Walker Page 21 Keeping & Breeding Australian Rainbowfish Dan Gealy Page 22 Road Trips for the Fishbrained Klaus Bertich Page 25 The Black Banded Sunfish Bob Bock Page 30 Article Review Terry Aetherton Page 32 Superbowl 2003 Page 34 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * EXCHANGE AND REPRINT POLICY The Missouri Aquarium Society will exchange their publication, THE DARTER, with other aquarium societies. -
Community Aquarium Ecosystem Setup
API® Lesson 1 | Community Aquarium Ecosystem Setup This lesson plan provides how to properly setup an aquarium ecosystem. A properly set up aquarium is the basis to ensure the fullest measure of learning, pleasure and enjoyment with your aquarium. For Instructor/Teacher/Parent Make sure to read through the entire lesson plan before beginning this with students/family members as materials will need to be purchased and information prep will need to be done. Learning Objectives After completing the activities outlined in this lesson plan, students should be able to: • Explain the components needed to set-up an aquarium ecosystem • Clearly explain the difference between cold water and tropical ecosystems • Discuss the importance of treating tap water • Why it’s important to test your water, how to test, what the results mean and how to correct them • Clearly explain the Nitrogen Cycle and why it is important • Understand the basics of nutrition for fish Length This activity will take 4 to 6 weeks for completion (this factors in the time to set-up an aquarium). Materials to complete activity • Aquarium, Aquarium Cover, Aquarium Light, Aquarium Stand • Aquarium Filter • Heater (tropical fish only) • API® Freshwater Master Test Kit • Water Conditioners and Bacterial Products o API STRESS COAT™ water conditioner o API AQUARIUM SALT o API QUICK START™ nitrifying bacteria o API STRESS ZYME™ bacterial cleaner • Gravel • Decorations • Fish • API Fish Food Key Terms Review key terms (printable sheet included at the end of the lesson) with students/family members. 1) ECOSYSTEM 2) TROPICAL 3) COLD WATER 4) NITRIFYING BACTERIA 5) BENEFICIAL BACTERIA 6) AMMONIA, NITRITE, & NITRATE 7) ELECTROLYTES 8) pH 9) NUTRITION 10) NITROGEN CYCLE (individual printable sheet included at the end of the lesson) Warm Up Ask a couple of questions to warm up for the lesson: 1) Do you currently have any fish? If so, what kind? 2) Can you name some types of fish? Before You Start 1) For this lesson we’re going to walk you through setting up a general community aquarium ecosystem. -
A Compendium to Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta of Assam, India
Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta of Assam 1 A Compendium to Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta of Assam, India S. K. Singh and H. A. Barbhuiya Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Lower New Colony, Laitumkhrah, Shillong – 793003, India Correspondences: [email protected] Abstract. A catalogue of 107 species of liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and 8 species of hornworts (Anthocerotophyta), recorded from Assam, India is presented. This includes three new records for India viz., Cololejeunea denticulata (Horik.) S. Hatt., C. inflata Steph., Plagiochila furcifolia Mitt., and three species viz., Cololejeunea desciscens Steph. Colura ari (Steph.) Steph., Lopholejeunea eulopha (Taylor) Schiffn. new to mainland. Twelve species are new record for Eastern Himalayan bryo-geographical territory, 20 species as new to Assam and seven species are endemic to Indian regions. Introduction Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta traditionally known as liverworts and hornworts (Bryophytes) are integral part of any ecosystems and recognized as land dwellers in plant kingdom. They are first colonizer of terrestrial habits after Algae and come after Lichens in plant succession. The taxonomic studies on these groups of plant are far from complete particularly in Indian region. Assam lies in rain shadow of Himalayan ranges and forms part of East Himalayan Bryo- geographical Territory. As far as studies on Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta of the region are concerned, it was initiated by William Griffith in first half of of the nineteenth century who’s work was published in the form of posthumous papers finally culminated into ‘Notulae ad Plantas Asiaticas’ (Griffith, 1849a) wherein he reported many species of cryptogams from earstwhile undivided Assam including ca.18 liverworts of present day Assam. -
Risk Assessment for Invasiveness Differs for Aquatic and Terrestrial Plant Species
Biol Invasions DOI 10.1007/s10530-011-0002-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Risk assessment for invasiveness differs for aquatic and terrestrial plant species Doria R. Gordon • Crysta A. Gantz Received: 10 November 2010 / Accepted: 16 April 2011 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 Abstract Predictive tools for preventing introduc- non-invaders and invaders would require an increase tion of new species with high probability of becoming in the threshold score from the standard of 6 for this invasive in the U.S. must effectively distinguish non- system to 19. That higher threshold resulted in invasive from invasive species. The Australian Weed accurate identification of 89% of the non-invaders Risk Assessment system (WRA) has been demon- and over 75% of the major invaders. Either further strated to meet this requirement for terrestrial vascu- testing for definition of the optimal threshold or a lar plants. However, this system weights aquatic separate screening system will be necessary for plants heavily toward the conclusion of invasiveness. accurately predicting which freshwater aquatic plants We evaluated the accuracy of the WRA for 149 non- are high risks for becoming invasive. native aquatic species in the U.S., of which 33 are major invaders, 32 are minor invaders and 84 are Keywords Aquatic plants Á Australian Weed Risk non-invaders. The WRA predicted that all of the Assessment Á Invasive Á Prevention major invaders would be invasive, but also predicted that 83% of the non-invaders would be invasive. Only 1% of the non-invaders were correctly identified and Introduction 16% needed further evaluation. The resulting overall accuracy was 33%, dominated by scores for invaders. -
Algae Eater Care Sheet
algae eater care sheet Plecos and Chinese algae eaters are both well-known algae eaters. These vigorous algae eaters make excellent natural freshwater aquarium cleaners. facts includes: plecostomus and Chinese algae eater average adult size: 2 to 12+ inches long, depending on species average life span: depends on species diet: omnivore minimum aquarium size: 10+ gallons, depending on species water temperature: 72 to 82˚F Note: The information on this Care Sheet is not a substitute for veterinary care. If you need additional information, refer to the Sources section or contact your veterinarian as appropriate. Developed with and approved by a qualified veterinarian. algae eater Developed with and approved plecostomus and care sheet by a qualified veterinarian. Chinese algae eater diet housing characteristics compatibility A well-balanced algae eater diet ■ Keep in an appropriately ■ Spend most of the time Can be kept with community consists of: sized aquarium; provide on the bottom or hanging fish; keep only one pleco ■ Algae and sinking algae proper filtration to maintain from the side of the per tank; limit the number of wafers. health. Acrylic aquariums are aquarium. algae eaters as they mature. not recommended for large Check Petco’s Freshwater ■ Supplement with raw ■ Attaches to glass, rocks plecos as they will scratch Compatibility Care Sheet for zucchini as a treat once and other hard surfaces the acrylic. Chinese algae more information regarding or twice a week. Raw with their mouths. vegetables should be eaters prefer rapidly moving your specific species. anchored near the bottom of water. ■ Plecos are very territorial the aquarium. ■ Stable water quality and towards other plecos; Chinese algae eaters are signs of a parameters are critical to healthy fish the health of aquatic life. -
Petfish.Net Guide to Catfish and Loaches
The PetFish.Net Guide To Catfish And Loaches Part of the PetFish.Net Guide Series Table Of Contents Corydoras Catfish Albino Bristlenose Plecos Botia kubotai Questions about Cories Yoyo Loach Whiptail Catfish The Upside-Down Catfish Tadpole Madtom Catfish Siamese Algea Eater Rubber-Lipped Pleco Royal Pleco Raising Corydoras Fry Porthole Catfish The Common Pleco Pictus Catfish In Pursuit of the Panda Corydoras Otocinclus Indepth Otocinclus Kuhli Loach - A.K.A. Coolie Loach Hoplo Catfish Glass Catfish Emerald Catfish Dojo Loach Breeding The Dojo Loach Keeping And Spawning Corydoras Catfish Clown Pleco Clown Loaches The Clown Loach Chinese Algae Eater Bronze Corydoras Keeping and Spawning Albino Bristle Nose Pleco Borneo Sucker or Hillstream Loach Corydoras Catfish By: Darren Common Name: Corys Latin Name: Corydoras Origin: South America-Brazil Temperature: 77-83 Ease Of Keeping: Easy Aggressivness: Peaceful Lighting: All lightings, although it prefers dimmer lightings. Adult Size: About 6 cm Minimum Tank Size: 18g Feeding: Flakes, Algae wafers and shrimp pellets, live food, frozen food, blanched vegetables. Spawning Method: Egg-layer Corydoras (AKA cory cats and cories) are very hardy and make good beginner fish for a community tank. For species tank, the dwarf cories do better. There are generally 2 types of cory, the dwarf cory and the normal cory. Brochis are not cories. The dwarf cory is great for nano tanks because it usually remains less than 3cm long ( about 1.3 inch). They do well in community tanks too and the only special care they require is not putting them together with aggressive fish like Cichlids. Dwarf Cichlids may do well with them occasionally but avoid them if you can.