Intérêts Et Limites De La Bile Et De L'humeur Vitrée Comme Matrices Alternatives En Toxicologie Médicolégale

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Intérêts Et Limites De La Bile Et De L'humeur Vitrée Comme Matrices Alternatives En Toxicologie Médicolégale Intérêts et limites de la bile et de l’humeur vitrée comme matrices alternatives en toxicologie médicolégale. Fabien Bévalot To cite this version: Fabien Bévalot. Intérêts et limites de la bile et de l’humeur vitrée comme matrices alternatives en toxicologie médicolégale.. Toxicologie. Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. Français. NNT : 2014LYO10362. tel-01167119 HAL Id: tel-01167119 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01167119 Submitted on 23 Jun 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Année 2014 THESE DE L'UNIVERSITE DE LYON Délivrée par L'UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD LYON 1 ECOLE DOCTORALE INTERDISCIPLINAIRE SCIENCES-SANTE (E.D.I.S.S.) DIPLOME DE DOCTORAT (arrêté du 7 aout 2006) Soutenue publiquement le 17 décembre 2014 Par M BÉVALOT Fabien INTERETS ET LIMITES DE LA BILE ET DE L'HUMEUR VITREE COMME MATRICES ALTERNATIVES EN TOXICOLOGIE MEDICOLEGALE Directeurs de Thèse : Pr. GUITTON Jérôme Pr. FANTON Laurent JURY: Pr. Michel Tod (Président du Jury) Pr. Marc Augsburger (Rapporteur) Dr. Pascal Kintz (Rapporteur) Dr. Hélène Eysseric (Examinatrice) Pr. Laurent Fanton (Directeur de Thèse) Pr. Jérôme Guitton (Directeur de Thèse) UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD - LYON 1 Président de l’Université M. François-Noël GILLY Vice-président du Conseil d’Administration M. le Professeur Hamda BEN HADID Vice-président du Conseil des Etudes et de la Vie Universitaire M. le Professeur Philippe LALLE Vice-président du Conseil Scientifique M. le Professeur Germain GILLET Secrétaire Général M. Alain HELLEU COMPOSANTES SANTE Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est – Claude Bernard Directeur : M. le Professeur J. ETIENNE Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud – Charles Administrateur provisoire : M. le Professeur G. Mérieux KIRKORIAN Directeur : M. le Professeur D. BOURGEOIS UFR d’Odontologie Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques Directeur : Mme la Professeure C. VINCIGUERRA. Institut des Sciences et Techniques de la Réadaptation Directeur : M. le Professeur Y. MATILLON Département de formation et Centre de Recherche en Biologie Directeur : M. le Professeur P. FARGE Humaine COMPOSANTES ET DEPARTEMENTS DE SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIE Faculté des Sciences et Technologies Directeur : M. le Professeur F. De MARCHI Département Biologie Directeur : M. le Professeur F. FLEURY Département Chimie Biochimie Directeur : Mme le Professeur H. PARROT Département GEP Directeur : M. N. SIAUVE Département Informatique Directeur : M. le Professeur S. AKKOUCHE Département Mathématiques Directeur : M. le Professeur A. GOLDMAN Département Mécanique Directeur : M. le Professeur H. BEN HADID Département Physique Directeur : Mme S. FLECK Département Sciences de la Terre Directeur : Mme la Professeure I. DANIEL UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives Directeur : M. C. COLLIGNON Observatoire de Lyon Directeur : M. B. GUIDERDONI Polytech Lyon Directeur : M. P. FOURNIER Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique Directeur : M. G. PIGNAULT Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Lyon 1 Directeur : M. C. VITON Institut Universitaire de Formation des Maîtres Directeur : M. R. BERNARD Institut de Science Financière et d'Assurances Directeur : Mme la Professeure V. MAUME- DESCHAMPS 1 Intérêts et limites de la bile et de l'humeur vitrée comme matrices alternatives en toxicologie médicolégale ___________________________________________________________ RESUME Ce travail avait pour objectif d’étudier l'intérêt et les limites de l'analyse de deux matrices alternatives que sont la bile et l'humeur vitrée (HV), en toxicologie médicolégale. Pour chacune des deux matrices, une revue de la littérature visait à investiguer les connaissances utiles à leur application en toxicologie médicolégale. Une place importante de ces revues est réservée à l'anatomie et la physiologie de l'HV et du système biliaire ainsi qu'aux mécanismes de distribution des xénobiotiques dans ces matrices. La partie expérimentale décrit trois études: deux menées sur populations autopsiques et une associant expérimentations animales et études de populations autopsiques. Les deux premières ont permis de proposer des outils statistiques d'interprétation des concentrations de méprobamate mesurées dans ces matrices. Ils peuvent être utilisés dans diverses situations à la place ou en complément de l'interprétation des concentrations sanguines: cadavre exsangue, putréfaction avancée du corps, redistribution post mortem des xénobiotiques… La troisième étude concernait six molécules (diazépam, citalopram, cyamémazine, morphine, caféine et méprobamate). Les molécules détectées dans le sang l'étaient systématiquement dans l'HV et la bile aussi bien dans les prélèvements des populations autopsiques que ceux issus des expérimentations animales. Les concentrations vitréennes chez l'animal et chez l'homme étaient systématiquement corrélées aux concentrations sanguines, exceptées celles de cyamémazine et de citalopram chez l'homme. Pour la bile, une corrélation significative était observée pour le méprobamate et la caféine chez l'homme et l'animal. Il ressort de ces résultats, que l’analyse de l'HV et de la bile permettent de disposer d’informations relatives à la nature des molécules absorbées et à leur rôle dans la survenue du décès. ___________________________________________________________________________ DISCIPLINE Chimie analytique – Toxicologie médicolégale __________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLES Toxicologie Médicolégale – Humeur Vitrée – Bile – Interprétation ___________________________________________________________________________ INTITULE ET ADRESSE DE L'U.F.R. OU DU LABORATOIRE : Ciblage Thérapeutique en Oncologie EA3738 Faculté de médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1, BP 12, 69921 Oullins Cedex 2 Interests and limits of bile and vitreous humor as alternative matrices in forensic toxicology ___________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The present study sought to assess the interest and limitations of analyzing two alternative matrices, bile and vitreous humor (VH), in forensic toxicology. For each matrix, a literature review established the state of knowledge relating to their forensic application. The review placed special focus on the anatomy and physiology of VH and the biliary system and the mechanisms of xenobiotic distribution within the specific matrix. The experimental sections describe three studies: two performed on autopsy populations, and one associating autopsy populations to an animal model. The first two studies resulted in statistical tools for interpreting meprobamate concentrations in these matrices, which can be used as alternatives or complements to blood concentrations in various situations: exsanguination, advanced putrefaction, postmortem xenobiotic redistribution, etc. The third study focused on 6 molecules: diazepam, citalopram, cyamemazine, morphine, caffeine and meprobamate. Molecules detected in blood were also systematically detected in VH and bile samples from both the autopsy and animal populations. Animal VH and blood levels showed systematic correlation. In autopsy samples, cyamemazine and citalopram showed no such correlation. In bile, significant correlations with blood concentrations were found for meprobamate and caffeine in both the autopsy and animal populations. This study confirmed the interest of postmortem analysis of bile and VH. Results show that analyzing bile and VH sheds light on drugs intake and on their implication in cause of death. ___________________________________________________________ KEYWORDS Forensic Toxicology – Vitreous Humor – Bile – Interpretation 3 Remerciements Je remercie le Pr. Michel Tod pour avoir accepté la présidence de ce jury. Vos compétences et vos conseils en pharmacocinétique sont toujours précieux pour des toxicologues qui se frottent à cette discipline complexe. Je remercie le Professeur Marc Augsburger et le Dr Pascal Kintz pour avoir accepté d’être rapporteurs de ce travail de thèse. Vos travaux dans le domaine de la toxicologie médicolégale, et plus particulièrement dans l’analyse des matrices alternatives, ont valeur de références. La soumission de ce travail à votre analyse critique était évidente. Je remercie le Dr Hélène Eysseric d’avoir accepté de participer à ce jury. Ton investissement dans la toxicologie médicolégale française et sa valorisation en santé publique est pour moi un exemple. Je remercie le Pr Laurent Fanton pour m’avoir mené sur le chemin de la publication et aidé tout au long de ces travaux. Tes conseils avisés me sont toujours très précieux. Cette thèse est le reflet de l'importance que tu accordes à ton activité de recherche et de l'approche pluridisciplinaire avec laquelle tu l'abordes. Je remercie le Pr Jérôme Guitton pour m’avoir dirigé, conseillé, stimulé tout au long de ce travail de thèse. Merci pour ton investissement dans cet accompagnement, qui, malgré ce que tu dis, est allé bien au delà de "juste faire le job". Merci pour la confiance que tu me témoignes depuis plus de dix ans à travers les enseignements
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