Lichen Flora of Rodnei Mountains National Park (Eastern Carpathians, Romania) Including New Records for the Romanian Mycoflora

Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 50: 101–115 (2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2013.50.13

Lichen flora of Rodnei Mountains National Park (Eastern Carpathians, Romania) including new records for the Romanian mycoflora

Ioana Violeta Ardelean1,2, Christine Keller1 & Christoph Scheidegger1 1WSL, Swiss Federal Research Institute, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] 2Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Abstract: We investigated the lichen flora of the main habitats existing in Rodnei Mountains identifying 283 lichen species, and one subspecific taxon. Of these, 67 taxa are new records for the lichen flora of Romania, and 182 species are reported for the first time in Rodnei Mountains. Considering previous reports and our results, 442 lichen taxa are reported in Rodnei Mountains region in total, accounting for approx. 35% of the total lichen flora of Romania. When comparing the Red Lists of Romania and surrounding Carpathian countries, our data revealed the presence of a high number of threatened species in the region.

INTRODUCTION During the last years, various lichenological Mountains in a replicated design with a stand- studies reported new species for the Romanian ardized lichen diversity assessment. This study lichen flora (Crișan, 2006; Çobanoğlu et al., should also reveal the importance of conserved 2009, 2011; Yavuz & Çobanolu, 2008; Vondrák areas for the maintenance of lichen diversity in & Šoun, 2008), but at the same time, species the Rodnei Mountains and thus contribute to that had been recorded before, such as Anzina decisions about future conservation strategies carneonivea (Scheidegger, 1985) and Lepraria within this biosphere reserve. incana (Bartók, 1999) are missing in the current checklist (Ciurchea, 2004). MATERIALS AND METHODS 260 lichen species from 11 locations were previously reported in Rodnei Mountains (Ci- Study area urchea, 2004), and reflected the high species The Rodnei Mountains are located in the north- richness of the national park. However, the ern part of the Eastern Carpathians reaching knowledge of lichen species distribution is still their highest elevation at Pietrosul Mare Peak scattered in Romania and some of the species (2303 m). Most of the study area is part of the records have not been rechecked since more Rodnei Mountains National Park, established than a century (Bartok & Crișan, personal com- in 1932 and declared as a UNESCO Biosphere munication). Reserve in 1979. Conserved areas are well known sanctuaries Climate for threatened species including various groups of lichens (Goward, 1995; Zoller et al., 2000; Due to the position and orientation (East–West) Nascimbene et al., 2013; Ignatov et al., 2004; of the mountains, the climate is characterised Lackovičová & Guttová, 2006). Furthermore, by the Baltic and the Oceanic influences. The lichen habitats such as old-growth forest stands mean annual temperature decreases with alti- and veteran trees in extensively managed mead- tude, ranging between 6 °C at the base of the ows with their important lichen microhabitats mountains and -1.5 °C at the highest altitudes. are often lost in managed and perturbed areas Mean annual precipitations range from 1300 to (Wolseley, 1995; Thor, 1995; Scheidegger & 1400 mm (Gorduza, 1983). Werth, 2009). Sampling The aim of this study was to assess the lichen The sampling method was structured according flora of characteristic habitats of the Rodnei to the sampling design described by Scheidegger 102 Folia Cryptog. Estonica et al. (2002). Four main substrates were con- aimed at covering the types of habitat and stand sidered in each circular plot of 1 ha: trees, dead characteristics (Table 1) of the investigated area. wood, soil and rock, and for each we applied 6 The lichen specimens were identified based relevés. If the substrate was not available or it on morphological and chemical characteristics was not colonised with lichens, it was substitued using mostly the keys of Smith et al. (2009), with other available substrates, thus achieving Wirth (1995) and Tønsberg (1992). 24 relevés in each plot. All lichen species within For the crustose sterile species and the a relevé surface of 0.2 m2 were collected (except specimens that needed chemical analyses for the crustose lichens from rocks). identification, thin layer chromatography (TLC) The investigated habitats are well repre- was used according to the methods described in sented in the Rodnei Mountains and follow an White & James (1985) with solvents A, B and C. altitudinal gradient from wooded meadows to The specimens are stored in the Herbaria mixed and coniferous forests, to Pinus mugo of “Alexandru Borza” Botanical Garden, Babeș- shrubs and alpine vegetation with bare rocks. Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Each of the five habitats was analysed at two levels: conserved and managed (except Pinus mugo Data assessment shrubs and wooded meadows, for which only The importance of lichen flora in our results one type of management was found in the study was determined by the total number of species, area). There were seven replicated circular plots the number of new species for the region, and of 1 ha for each habitat with its corresponding the new species for Romanian lichen flora. We levels of conservation (i.e., 56 plots in total). The also took into account the number of species minimum distance between the plots was 100 m. in the Red List of macrolichens from Romania The selection of the 9 sampling localities (Fig. 1) (Bartok & Crișan, personal communication)

Fig. 1. Location of the Rodnei Mts National Park in Romania, and study area with sampling localities. 1 – Cascada Cailor, 2 – Rotunda Pass, 3 – Repedea Valley, 4 – Borșa 1, 5 – Borșa 2, 6 – Izvorul Dragoș Valley, 7 – Pietrosul Mare, 8 – Gropile, 9 – Bătrâna. 103

Table 1. 56 investigated plots (within the 9 sampling localities, see Fig. 1). Abbreviations: AC – conserved alpine vegetation with bare rocks, AM – managed alpine vegetation with bare rocks, PM – Pinus mugo shrubs, CC – conserved coniferous forest, CM – managed coniferous forest, MC – conserved mixed forest, MM – managed mixed forest, WM – wooded meadows, C – conserved, M – managed.

Conservation Plot code Location name Coordinates x Coordinates y Altitude (m) Exposition Slope [°] status Habitat type AC1 Pietrosul Mare 47,5941 24,6365 2143 W 33 C alpine vegetation AC2 Pietrosul Mare 47,5915 24,6379 2125 E 10 C alpine vegetation AC3 Pietrosul Mare 47,5955 24,6505 2136 E 5 C alpine vegetation AC4 Pietrosul Mare 47,5935 24,6407 2171 S 39 C alpine vegetation AC5 Pietrosul Mare 47,6004 24,6231 1916 W 39 C alpine vegetation AC6 Pietrosul Mare 47,5994 24,6304 2193 S 12 C alpine vegetation AC7 Pietrosul Mare 47,5996 24,6279 2173 S 43 C alpine vegetation AM1 Gropile 47,579 24,6325 2085 E 7 M alpine vegetation AM2 Gropile 47,5703 24,6468 2020 S 24 M alpine vegetation AM3 Gropile 47,5715 24,6396 2004 S 5 M alpine vegetation AM4 Gropile 47,5739 24,6344 1085 S 29 M alpine vegetation AM5 Bătrâna 47,5699 24,6124 1915 S 24 M alpine vegetation AM6 Bătrâna 47,568 24,6116 1816 S 26 M alpine vegetation AM7 Bătrâna 47,5782 24,6032 1719 W 24 M alpine vegetation PC1 Pietrosul Mare 47,6018 24,6479 1785 E 14 C Pinus mugo shrubs PC2 Pietrosul Mare 47,5886 24,6472 1882 S 36 C Pinus mugo shrubs PC3 Pietrosul Mare 47,6019 24,6506 1788 N 28 C Pinus mugo shrubs PC4 Pietrosul Mare 47,5913 24,6437 2040 S 32 C Pinus mugo shrubs PC5 Pietrosul Mare 47,6014 24,6229 2019 W 33 C Pinus mugo shrubs PC6 Pietrosul Mare 47,6071 24,6113 1821 W 26 C Pinus mugo shrubs PC7 Bătrâna 47,5692 24,596 1781 S 30 C Pinus mugo shrubs CC1 Repedea Valley 47,5964 24,6918 1164 E 26 C spruce forest CC2 Repedea Valley 47,5952 24,679 1326 S 38 C spruce forest CC3 Pietrosul Mare 47,6059 24,6067 1596 S 32 C spruce forest CC4 Pietrosul Mare 47,6028 24,6054 1477 S 33 C spruce forest CC5 Pietrosul Mare 47,6053 24,6026 1470 S 37 C spruce forest CC6 Pietrosul Mare 47,6036 24,6002 1353 W 25 C spruce forest CC7 Pietrosul Mare 47,6014 24,6013 1316 S 37 C spruce forest CM1 Borșa1 47,62 24,6589 1148 N 27 M spruce forest CM2 Repedea Valley 47,5938 24,7012 1151 N 31 M spruce forest CM3 Repedea Valley 47,5982 24,7051 1375 W 36 M spruce forest CM4 Repedea Valley 47,6018 24,7087 1357 N 25 M spruce forest CM5 Cascada Cailor 47,6062 24,795 1275 W 14 M spruce forest CM6 Izvorul Dragoș Valley 47,5982 24,6022 1081 E 35 M spruce forest CM7 Izvorul Dragoș Valley 47,5989 24,6016 932 N 19 M spruce forest MC1 Repedea Valley 47,5972 24,6907 966 N 40 C mixed forest MC2 Cascada Cailor 47,5951 24,797 1207 N 35 C mixed forest MC3 Rotunda Pass 47,5244 24,9998 1044 W 21 C mixed forest MC4 Rotunda Pass 47,5284 25,0041 1089 W 14 C mixed forest MC5 Izvorul Dragoș Valley 47,6083 24,5874 863 E 35 C mixed forest MC6 Repedea Valley 47,5943 24,6815 1180 E 44 C mixed forest MC7 Izvorul Dragoș Valley 47,6016 24,5935 1019 N 15 C mixed forest MM1 Repedea Valley 47,5899 24,7002 1196 W 42 M mixed forest MM2 Repedea Valley 47,6149 24,6977 866 W 14 M mixed forest 104 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Table 1 (continued)

Conservation Plot code Location name Coordinates x Coordinates y Altitude (m) Exposition Slope [°] status Habitat type MM3 Repedea Valley 47,6128 24,6871 1257 E 35 M mixed forest MM4 Repedea Valley 47,6146 24,6922 1058 E 33 M mixed forest MM5 Izvorul Dragoș Valley 47,6227 24,5758 903 N 32 M mixed forest MM6 Izvorul Dragoș Valley 47,6228 24,5858 930 N 41 M mixed forest MM7 Izvorul Dragoș Valley 47,6242 24,5957 915 S 5 M mixed forest WM1 Borșa1 47,6216 24,6494 1095 N 18 M wooded meadows WM2 Borșa1 47,6224 24,6396 1048 N 13 M wooded meadows WM3 Borșa1 47,6228 24,6325 1048 N 6 M wooded meadows WM4 Borșa1 47,6287 24,6635 1988 N 16 M wooded meadows WM5 Borșa2 47,6504 24,6356 783 N 10 M wooded meadows WM6 Izvorul Dragoș Valley 47,6209 24,6176 1036 N 23 M wooded meadows WM7 Izvorul Dragoș Valley 47,6211 24,6125 957 N 33 M wooded meadows and the Red Lists of the surrounding countries reported as new. Considering previous reports which harbour the Carpathian mountain ridge: and our results, 442 lichen taxa are reported Hungary (Lőkös & Tóth, 1996), Ukraine (Didukh, in Rodnei Mountains region, accounting for ap- 2009), Slovakia (Pisút et al., 2001), and Poland prox. 35% of the total lichen flora of Romania. (Cieslinski et al., 2003), with detailed informa- Out of 284 taxa, 13 are listed in the Red List tion in Table 2. of macrolichens of Romania (Bartok & Crișan, personal communication), 8 species in the Red RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS List of Ukraine (Didukh, 2009), 65 in the Red List of Hungary (Lőkös & Tóth, 1996), 96 in the We found 283 lichens species and one subspe- Red List of Slovakia (Pisút et al., 2001), and 125 cific taxon for the Rodnei Mountains in 56 plots in the Red List of Poland (Cieslinski et al., 2003). (Table 3). We confirmed 102 species that were The most species-rich genus is Cladonia, of reported previously, plus 182 taxa that were which we found 43 species in our study area. new records for the region, of which 67 species Even though most species are common, this have never been reported in Romania. Poorly genus contributed substantially to the lichen developed specimens that could not be unam- species richness of Rodnei Mountains. biguously assigned to listed species are not

Table 2. Red Lists (RL) including the number of lichen species according to IUCN categories: RE – Regionally extinct, CR – Critically Endangered, EN – Endangered, VU – Vulnerable, NT – Near Threatened, LC – Least Concern, DD – Data Deficient, additional category in RL of Hungary: R – rare (problematic species including literature data without voucher specimens and new findings with no further information on the distribution), and in RL of Ukraine: R – rare (species known from few locations, with relatively stable populations but low rates), and Total no of sp. – total number of species in the Red List.

IUCN Categories Total no of RL R RE CR EN VU NT LC DD sp. Romania 20 27 26 73 Hungary 30 24 44 45 260 403 Ukraine 5 26 21 52 Slovakia 88 140 48 169 114 14 573 Poland 141 179 201 165 68 22 110 886 105

Table 3. Lichen species recorded in the study area. Abbreviations: New R Mts – new records for the Rodnei Mountains, New RO – new records for Romania; RL RO – Red List of Macrolichens from Romania (Bartok & Crișan, personal communication), RL UK – Red List of lichens from Ukraine (Didukh, 2009), RL HU – Red List of lichens from Hungary (Lőkös & Tóth, 1996), RL PL – Red List of lichens from Poland (Cieslinski et al., 2003), RL SL – Red List of lichens from Slovakia (Pisút et al., 2001); Obs – number of plots where the species was observed; categories of red lists: RE – Region- ally extinct, CR – Critically Endangered, EN – Endangered, VU – Vulnerable, NT – Near Threatened, LC – Least Concern, DD – Data Deficient, R – rare; poorly developed specimens are marked with *

Lichen taxa New R New RL RL RL RL RL Obs Plot codes Mts RO RO UK HU PL SL Absconditella lignicola Vězda & Pišút 1 1 VU 3 CC1,3,4 Acrocordia gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. 1 MC3 Alectoria ochroleuca (Hoffm.) A. Massal. LC 7 AC1, 3, 4, 5, 6 AM2, 4 Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & 4 WM2, 3, 4, 5 Scheid. Anisomeridium biforme (Borrer) R.C. Harris 1 VU RE 1 MC5 Anzina carneonivea (Anzi) Scheid. 1 EN VU 1 PM7 Arthonia caesia (Flot.) Körb. 1 1 1 MC3 Arthonia didyma Körb. 1 R EN CR 2 MC6, MM7 Arthonia elegans (Ach.) Almq. 1 RE 1 MC5 Arthonia lapidicola (Taylor) Branth & Rostr. R NT 2 MC1, MC6, Arthonia punctiformis Ach. 1 R EN CR 1 CM3 Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach. CR 6 MC5, MC6, MC7, MM4, MM6, MM7 Arthonia vinosa Leight. NT CR 1 MC6 Arthrorhaphis citrinella (Ach.) Poelt 1 VU VU 6 AC1, AC3, AC5, AC6, AC7, PM5 Bacidia delicata (Larbal. ex Leight.) Coppins 1 1 1 MM3 Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal. 1 VU VU 2 MC3, MM1 Baeomyces placophyllus Ach. 1 CR 4 PM3, AC6, AM2, CC2 Baeomyces rufus (Huds.) Rebent. 27 MC1, 2, MC2, MM5, PM3, 7, WM1, 4, 5, AC1, 2, 3, 4, 6, CC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CM2, 3, 4, 5, AM1, 2, 7 Bellemerea cinereorufescens (Ach.) Clauzade 1 CR 1 MC3 & Cl. Roux Biatora betulicola Kullh. 1 1 3 PM5, AC2, AC3 Biatora chrysantha (Zahlbr.) Printzen 1 1 2 PM1, CM6 Biatora efflorescens(Hedl.) Räsänen 1 1 VU VU 1 CC6 Biatora globulosa (Flörke) Fr. R 2 MC3, MC4 Brodoa intestiniformis (Vill.) Goward 1 VU NT 6 AC1, 2, 4, AM1, 2, 6 Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. 1 CR CR 2 CC1,4 Hawksw. Bryoria chalybeiformis (L.) Brodo & D. VU CR 1 AC3 Hawksw. Bryoria implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D. VU CR CR 5 AC3, WM3, CC1, 4, 5 Hawksw. Bryoria lanestris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. 1 VU RE CR 1 CC3 Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd 1 VU 3 MC3, MM3, 5 Buellia erubescens Arnold CR 5 MC2, 3, 4, 7, MM7 Buellia griseovirens (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) 1 1 3 WM5, 7, CM5, Almb. Buellia cf. hyperbolica Bagl. 1 PM1 106 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Table 3 (continued)

Lichen taxa New R New RL RL RL RL RL Obs Plot codes Mts RO RO UK HU PL SL Calicium cf. salicinum* Pers. EN VU EN 1 MC6 Candelariella reflexa(Nyl.) Lettau 1 R 4 MC6, MM4, WM5, 7 Candelariella vitellina (Ehrh.) Müll. Arg. 1 3 MM5, WM5, 6 Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) J. Steiner 1 R 1 WM7 Cetraria aculeata (Schreb.) Fr. CR 2 AC3,5 Cetraria ericetorum Opiz NT VU 6 AC3,5, 6,7, AM2, 5 Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. VU EN VU VU 24 PM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, PM2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, WM5, AC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CC3, 4, AM11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Cetraria muricata (Ach.) Eckfeldt 1 1 NT 1 AC3 Cetraria sepincola (Ehrh.) Ach. 1 EN R EN VU 1 PM7 Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. 1 VU EN 2 MC2, 3 Culb. Chaenotheca brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell 1 1 EN CR 1 MC1 Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Müll. Arg. 1 CR EN CR 2 CC1, CM7 Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1 VU VU 5 MC1, CC1, 4, 5, 6 Chaenotheca ferruginea (Turner ex Sm.) Mig. 1 EN 1 CC4 Chaenotheca furfuracea (L.) Tibell 1 EN NT NT 4 MC6, MM3, 7, CC1 Chaenotheca gracilenta (Ach.) Mattsson & 1 CR 1 MM3 Middelb. Chaenotheca stemonea (Ach.) Müll. Arg. 1 1 EN CR 1 CC6 Chaenotheca trichialis (Ach.) Hellb. 1 EN NT CR 3 MM4, CC1,5 Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J.R. Laundon 1 CR 2 MC2, 3 Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.) Flot. VU 12 AC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, AM2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Cladonia bellidiflora(Ach.) Schaer. 1 EN 8 AC4, 7, AM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke EN 3 AC1, CC6, CM5 Cladonia callosa Delise ex Harm. 1 1 1 AC2 Cladonia carneola (Fr.) Fr. 1 CR EN 5 PM6, WM5, CC2, 3, AM2 Cladonia cenotea (Ach.) Schaer. VU 11 MC2, MM2, 3, PM1, 2, WM1, 3, 6, CC1, 2, CM5 Cladonia cervicornis (Ach.) Flot. 8 AC1, 2, 3,4, 6, 7, AM1,3 Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) 1 34 MC5, 6, 7, MM2, 6, PM1, 2, Spreng. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, WM1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, AC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CC2, 3, 5, 6, 7, CM5, AM1, 3, 4, 7 Cladonia coccifera (L.) Willd. EN 16 AC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CC3, AM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, PM7 Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. 28 MC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, MM2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, PM3, WM1, 3, 4, 6, 7, CC1, 3, 5, 6, 7, CM5, 6, AC5, AM3 Cladonia cornuta (L.) Hoffm. VU VU 13 MC2, 4, 5, 7, MM2, 5, 6, PM1, 3, WM3, CC1, CM5, AM7 Cladonia deformis (L.) Hoffm. 4 PM1, CC3, CC5, AM2 Cladonia digitata (L.) Hoffm. 41 MC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, MM2, 3, 4, 6, PM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, WM1, 2, 3, 6, AC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, CC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CM1, 2, 5, AM1, 2, 3, 7 Cladonia diversa Asperges 1 1 3 AC3, AC4, AM1 Cladonia fimbriata(L.) Fr. 15 MC4, 5, 7, MM2, 5, 6, WM1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, CC3, 7, CM5, 107

Table 3 (continued)

Lichen taxa New R New RL RL RL RL RL Obs Plot codes Mts RO RO UK HU PL SL Cladonia floerkeana(Fr.) Flörke EN 13 MM2, 3, AC3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CC3, 6, AM2, 3, 4, 7 Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. 17 MC7, MM2, 5, 6, WM1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, CC1, 3, 4, 5, 6, CM5, AM7 Cladonia gracilis (L.) Willd. VU 9 MC5, PM4, 5, 6, AC2, 5, CC3, 5, 6 Cladonia humilis (With.) J.R. Laundon 1 1 6 MC6, WM2, 3, 5, 7, AM6 Cladonia incrassata Flörke 1 EN EN RE 4 AC1, 7, CM1 Cladonia luteoalba A. Wilson & Wheldon 1 1 1 AC5 Cladonia macilenta Hoffm. 21 MC7, MM2, 3, 5, 6, PM2, 4, 6, WM1, 5, 6, 7, AC4, 6, CC2, 5, 6, AM1, 3, 5, 6 Cladonia macroceras (Delise) Ahti 1 1 VU 21 PM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, AC1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, AM1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 Cladonia macrophylla (Schaer.) Stenh. VU CR EN 1 AC7 Cladonia magyarica Vain. ex Gyeln. 1 1 CR 1 PM4 Cladonia maxima (Asahina) Ahti 1 1 11 PM1, 2, 3, AC1, 6, 7, AM1, 2, 3, 5, 6 Cladonia metacorallifera Asahina 1 1 2 AC3, 4 Cladonia ochrochlora Flörke R 19 MC1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, MM2, 3, 4, 6, PM6, WM1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, CC1, CM5 Cladonia parasitica (Hoffm.) Hoffm. 1 EN NT 36 MC1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, MM1, 2, 3, 6, 7, PM1, 2, 3, 6, 7, WM1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, AC1, 4, CC1, 2, 3, 6, 7, CM1, 2, 4, 6, AM6 Cladonia phyllophora Ehrh. ex Hoffm. 1 R 6 AC1, AC2, AC3, AM1, AM4, AM6 Cladonia pleurota (Flörke) Schaer. 1 EN 10 PM1, 3, 4, AC2, 3, 4, 6, 7, PP6,7 Cladonia pocillum (Ach.) O.J. Rich. 4 AC2, AM1, 3, 5 Cladonia polydactyla (Flörke) Spreng. 1 EN 31 MC1, 2, 4, 5, MM5, 6, PM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, WM1, 2, 6, AC3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CC1, 3, 5, 6, CM5, AM2, 3, 4, 6, 7 Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. 22 MC6, MM3, PM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, WM1, 6, AC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,CM5, AM2, 3, 4 Cladonia ramulosa (With.) J.R. Laundon 1 4 PM1, WM1, AC2, CM5, Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Weber ex F.H. VU 18 PM1, 2, 4, 5, 6, AC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Wigg. 6, 7, CC3, AM1, 3, 4, 5, 6 Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. 3 CC5, AM5, 6 Cladonia squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm. 32 MC5, MM7, PM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, WM1, 3, AC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CC1, 2, 5, 6, AM1, 2, 3, WM1, CC3, 4, CM2, 3, AM7 Cladonia subcervicornis (Vain.) Kernst. 1 1 CR 18 MC2, 5, 6, MM2, 6, PM1, WM1, 5, AC1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, CC2, 4, AM3, 7 Cladonia subulata (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. 1 15 MM2, 4, 6, PM1, WM1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, AC2, 3, 5, CC3, AM2 Cladonia sulphurina (Michx.) Fr. 1 CR NT EN 7 PM4, PM5, AC3, AC5, AC7, AM2, AM5 Cladonia symphycarpia (Flörke) Fr. 1 1 AM5 108 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Table 3 (continued)

Lichen taxa New R New RL RL RL RL RL Obs Plot codes Mts RO RO UK HU PL SL Cladonia uncialis (L.) Weber exF.H. Wigg. 1 VU 7 AC3, AC4, AM1, AM2, AM4, AM5, AM6 Collema flaccidum(Ach.) Ach. EN EN 3 MC3, 4, 6 Cornicularia normoerica (Gunnerus) Du VU 7 PM5, AC1, 3, 4, 5, 7, AM1 Rietz Dibaeis baeomyces (L. f.) Rambold & Hertel NT 1 AC3 Dimerella pineti (Ach.) Vězda 1 6 MM2, 4, CC6, CM4, 6, 7 Ephebe lanata (L.) Vain. EN 1 AC4 Evernia divaricata (L.) Ach. CR CR 4 MC4, MM3, 5, CC4 Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. NT EN 11 MC2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, MM1, WM2, 3, CC1, 6 Fellhaneropsis vezdae (Coppins & P. James) 1 1 LC 1 MM4 Sérus. & Coppins Flavocetraria cucullata (Bellardi) Kärnefelt VU 2 AM2, 4 & A. Thell Fuscidea arboricola Coppins & Tønsberg 1 1 8 MM2, 3, CC2, 5, 6, 7, CM6 Fuscidea pusilla Tønsberg 1 1 7 MC6, MM2, WM5, CC5, 7, CM3, 4 Graphis pulverulenta (Pers.) Ach. 1 5 MC1, 3, 7, MM2, 7, Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. NT EN 5 MC1, 3, 4, 5,6 Heterodermia speciosa (Wulfen) Trevis. 1 R CR CR 1 MC5 Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach. ex Lilj.) M. 1 WM7 Choisy Hypogymnia farinacea Zopf 1 VU VU 4 WM3, 7, CC6, CM5, Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. 39 MC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, MM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, PM2, 3, 4, 6, WM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, AC3,CC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. VU NT NT 14 MC3, 5, 7, MM3, PM4, WM1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, CC3, 4, CM6 Hypogymnia vittata (Ach.) Parrique CR VU 1 AC6 Icmadophila ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr. 1 EN CR 2 AC3, CC3 Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S.L.F. Mey. VU 1 WM4 Japewia subaurifera Muhr & Tønsberg 1 1 2 MM1, CC2 Lecanactis abietina (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Körb. 1 CR 1 CC1 Lecanora albella (Pers.) Ach. EN CR 1 MC4 Lecanora albellula (Nyl.) Th. 1 1 2 WM2, 4 Lecanora argentata (Ach.) Malme 1 4 MC3, 4, 5, 6 Lecanora carpinea (L.) Vain. 1 8 MC2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, MM5, WM2 Lecanora cf. hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo 1 MC5 Lecanora chlarotera Nyl. 1 17 MC1, 2, 6, 7, MM2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, WM2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CC4 Lecanora cinereofusca H. Magn. 1 CR 3 MC3, 4, 5 Lecanora circumborealis Brodo & Vitik. 1 1 4 MC6, WM3, 4, 5 Lecanora compallens Herk & Aptroot 1 1 2 AC3, 5 Lecanora conizaeoides Nyl. ex Cromb. 1 10 MM3, WM1, CC3, 4, 5, 6, CM3, 4, 5, 6 Lecanora expallens Ach. 1 4 MC1, 4, CC1, 5 Lecanora glabrata (Ach.) Malme 1 1 WM5 Lecanora intumescens (Rebent.) Rabenh. EN EN 6 MC1, 2, 4, 6, 7, CC2 109

Table 3 (continued)

Lichen taxa New R New RL RL RL RL RL Obs Plot codes Mts RO RO UK HU PL SL Lecanora pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. 1 23 MC1, 2, 5, MC6, 7, PM5, 6, 7, WM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CC2, 3, 6, 7, CM3, 4, 5, 6 Lecanora saligna (Schrad.) Zahlbr. 1 1 WM3 Lecanora strobilina (Spreng.) Kieff. 1 1 7 MC6, MM2, 4, 5, PM5, WM2, 7 Lecanora subintricata (Nyl.) Th. Fr. 1 4 PM6, WM2, 4, 7 Lecanora subrugosa Nyl. 1 LC 1 MM4 Lecanora symmicta (Ach.) Ach. 1 5 PM2, 5, 6, WM2, 4 Lecanora umbrina (Ehrh.) Röhl 1 WM7 Lecanora varia (Hoffm.) Ach. 1 R VU 4 WM2, 3, 4, 5 Lecidea berengeriana (A. Massal.) Nyl. 1 1 AC5 Lecidea leprarioides Tønsberg 1 1 1 CC1 Lecidea nylanderi (Anzi) Th. Fr. 1 1 24 MC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, MM1, 2, 4, 5, 7, PM1, WM5, CC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CM1, 2, 3, 4 Lecidella cf. albida Hafellner 1 MC3 Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy 9 MC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, MM1, 4 Lecidella elaeochroma f. soralifera (Erichsen) 1 1 1 CC2 D. Hawksw. Lecidella subviridis Tønsberg 1 1 10 MC5, 6, 7, MM1, 2, 7, CC2, 3, 6, 7 Lecidoma demissum (Rutstr.) Gotth. Schneid. EN 5 AC2, 4, 7, AM1, 3 & Hertel Lepraria eburnea J.R. Laundon 1 1 11 MC1, 6, 7, MM1, 2, 4, 5, 7, CM1, 4, 7 Lepraria ecorticata (J.R. Laundon) Kukwa 1 1 2 PM4, CC1 Lepraria elobata Tønsberg 1 1 24 MC2, 3, 4, 5, 6, MM6, 7, PM1, 2, 3, WM6, AC2, 4, CC2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CM2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Lepraria incana (L.) Ach. 1 1 MC3 Lepraria jackii Tønsberg 1 1 17 MC1, 2, MM1, 3, 7, PM5, WM5, AC5, CC2, 3, 4, 5, 6, CM1, 3, 4, 7 Lepraria lobificansNyl. 1 R 32 MC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, MM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, PM2, 3, 7, WM1, 4, AC2, CC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CM2, 3, 4, 6, 7 Lepraria membranacea (Dicks.) Vain. 1 2 MM2, CC1 Lepraria neglecta Vain. 1 1 1 AC4 Lepraria nivalis J.R. Laundon 1 1 11 PM2, 5, WM2, AC2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CC2, AM7 Lepraria rigidula (B. de Lesd.) Diederich 1 1 7 MC2, 6, MM1, WM2, CC1, 5, CM3 Lepraria toensbergiana Slav.–Bay. & Kukwa 1 1 8 MC7, MM3, PM3, CC1, 3, 7, CM3, 4, Lepraria umbricola Tønsberg 1 1 3 MM1, CM2, 7 Lepraria vouauxii (Hue) RC. Harris 1 1 R 3 MM2, CM1, 7 Leprocaulon microscopicum (Vill.) Gams 1 2 MC5, CC4 Leptogium lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. LC 5 MC3, 6, MM5, 6, 7 Lichenomphalia hudsoniana (H.S. Jenn.) 1 R NT VU 5 PM5, AC3, CC6, CM6, AM2 Redhead et al. Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L.) Redhead 1 1 NT 3 CM3, 6 et al. 110 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Table 3 (continued)

Lichen taxa New R New RL RL RL RL RL Obs Plot codes Mts RO RO UK HU PL SL Lichenomphalia velutina (Quél.) Redhead 1 1 1 MC1 et al. Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. VU VU RE EN CR 2 MC3, MM1 Loxospora cismonica (Beltr.) Hafellner 1 CR RE 2 MC1, 5, Loxospora elatina (Ach.) A. Massal. 1 EN NT 16 MC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, MM1, 2, CC1, 4, 5, 6, CM2, 4, 5 Megalospora tuberculosa (Fée) Sipman 1 1 1 MC7 Melanelia hepatizon (Ach.) A. Thell NT 4 PM6, AC4, 6, AM5 Melanelia stygia (L.) Essl. 1 NT 3 PM2, AC3, 5 Melanelixia fuliginosa subsp. glabratula 23 MC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, MM1, 2, 3, (Lamy) J.R. Laundon 4, 5, 7, WM1,2, 4, 5, 6, 7, CC4, 7, CM6, 7 Melanelixia subargentifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco 1 VU VU 2 WM2, 3 et al. Melanelixia subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco 1 VU NT 11 MC2, 3, 4, 5, MM2, 5, WM2, et al. 3, 5, 6, 7, Melanohalea elegantula (Zahlbr.) O. Blanco 1 1 R VU 2 MC6, MM1 et al. Melanohalea exasperatula (Nyl.) O. Blanco 1 6 MC6, WM2, 3, 4, 5, 7 et al. Melaspilea ochrothalamia Nyl. 1 1 2 PM1, PM5 Melaspilea proximella (Nyl.) Nyl. 1 1 PM4 Menegazzia terebrata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. 1 CR CR CR 1 MC4 Micarea elachista (Körb.) Coppins & R. 1 1 EN 2 WM3 Sant. Micarea farinosa Coppins & Aptroot 1 1 1 CM2 Micarea lignaria (Ach.) Hedl. RE 5 PM2, AC3, 5, 6, AM1 Micarea melaena (Nyl.) Hedl. 1 R NT 1 CM4 Micarea micrococca (Körb.) Gams 1 1 1 MM4, Micarea misella (Nyl.) Hedl. 1 R 2 MC2, MM5 Micarea prasina Fr. 1 23 MC1, 4, 5, 7, MM1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, PM7, CC1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, CM2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Micarea turfosa (A. Massal.) Du Rietz 1 1 DD 1 AC2 Micarea viridileprosa Coppins & Van den 1 1 1 MC1 Boom Micarea xanthonica Coppins & Tønsberg 1 1 1 MM5 Mycobilimbia epixanthoides (Stirt.) Zahlbr. 1 1 10 MC5, 7, MM4, 5, 6, 7, AC2, CC6, 7, CM7 Mycoblastus fucatus (Stirt.) Zahlbr. 1 1 6 MC2, 4, 5, 7, MM3, CC5, Mycoblastus sanguinarius (L.) Norman 1 VU CR 1 MC2 Nephroma parile (Ach.) Ach. 1 VU CR CR CR 1 CC2 Ochrolechia androgyna (Hoffm.) Arnold 1 VU 3 MC6, CC2,AM4 Opegrapha niveoatra (Borrer) J.R. Laundon 1 1 MM2 Opegrapha varia Pers. NT VU 4 MC1, 3, 5, 6 Opegrapha viridis Pers. R VU VU 3 MC1, 3, 4, Opegrapha vulgata (Ach.) Ach. VU VU 2 MC1, 5, Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach. 1 EN NT 4 PM2, AC3, CC2, AM1, Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. NT 12 PM6, WM2, 4, AC3, 4, 5, CC2, 4, AM2, 4, 5, 6 Parmelia submontana Nádv. 1 VU CR 6 MC2, 3, 6, WM4, 5, 7, 111

Table 3 (continued)

Lichen taxa New R New RL RL RL RL RL Obs Plot codes Mts RO RO UK HU PL SL Parmelia sulcata Taylor 10 MC2, 4, 6, PM6, WM2, 3, 4, 6, 7, CC5 Parmelina quercina (Willd.) Hale 1 CR CR 2 WM2, 3 Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. 18 MC2, PM1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, WM1, 3, 4, 6, 7, CC1, 2, 3, 6, 7, CM5 Parmeliopsis hyperopta (Ach.) Vain. VU VU 6 MC4, PM1, 4, 6, 7, CC4 Peltigera canina (L.) Willd. VU 3 WM3, 5, 6 Peltigera degenii Gyeln. 1 EN VU VU 3 MC3, 5, MM5 Peltigera horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg. EN 6 MC2, 3, 5, MM5, WM3, 4, Peltigera hymenina (Ach.) Delise 1 1 EN DD 10 MC4, 5, 6, MM1, 3, 4, WM2, 3, CC6, CM2 Peltigera lepidophora (Nyl.) Bitter 1 CR EN CR 1 MM2 Peltigera membranacea (Ach.) Nyl. 1 DD 1 WM5 Peltigera polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm. 1 EN DD 4 MC1, MM2, 4, WM5, Peltigera praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) 1 VU 8 MC1, 2, 3, 4, MM4, 5, 6, 7, Zopf Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb. 1 3 WM3, 5, 7 Pertusaria amara (Ach.) Nyl. NT 2 MC2, 5 Pertusaria coccodes (Ach.) Nyl. 1 1 R NT VU 1 MM4 Pertusaria leioplaca DC. R NT CR 4 MC1, 2, 5, 6, Pertusaria oculata (Dicks.) Th. Fr. 1 1 AC5 Pertusaria pertusa (L.) Tuck. VU NT 1 MC3 Pertusaria pupillaris (Nyl.) Th. Fr. 1 1 NT 1 MC6 Phaeophyscia endophoenicea (Harm.) Moberg 1 1 R EN CR 1 MC6 Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg 1 3 MM4, WM3, 4 Phlyctis argena (Ach.) Flot. 1 6 MC2, 3, 4, 6, MM1, 6, Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier 1 6 MM4, WM2, 3, 4, 6, 7, Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. 1 NT 3 WM2, 5, 7 Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau 1 R 1 WM2 Physcia leptalea (Ach.) DC. 1 1 1 MM5 Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. 5 MC7, WM2, 3, 4, 6 Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC. 1 4 WM2, 3, 4, 6, Placynthiella dasaea (Stirt.) Tønsberg 1 1 R 12 MC1, 2, 7, MM2, 3, 4, 7, WM7, CC2, 4, CM5, AM5 Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. 1 1 R 16 MC2, 5, 7, MM3, 5, 6, 7, PM4, James 5, WM1, 3, CM5, 6, AM5, 6, 7 Placynthiella uliginosa (Schrad.) Coppins & 1 R 3 PM3, WM6, AM7 P. James Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. R NT 15 MC2, 3, 4, MM1, 3, WM2, 6, Culb. AC3, CC1, 4, 5, 6, CM2, 5, 6 Porina aenea (Wallr.) Zahlbr. 1 R 4 MC1, MM1, 6, 7 Porina lectissima (Fr.) Zahlbr. 1 1 MM1 Pseudephebe pubescens (L.) M. Choisy EN 11 PM2, 6, AC1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, AM1, 2, 3 Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf NT 37 MC2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, MM1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, PM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, WM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, AC3, CC1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, CM1, 2, 4, 5, AM1 Pycnothelia papillaria (Ehrh.) L.M. Dufour EN EN VU 1 AC4 Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach. VU EN 5 MC1, 2, 3, 4, MM2 112 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Table 3 (continued)

Lichen taxa New R New RL RL RL RL RL Obs Plot codes Mts RO RO UK HU PL SL Pyrenula nitidella (Flörke ex Schaer.) Müll. 1 R EN CR 1 MC3 Arg. Ramalina canariensis J. Steiner 1 R 3 MC2, 3, 6 Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. VU EN 3 MC2, 4, 5 Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. EN EN 1 MC2 Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. VU VU 1 MC3 Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) A. Massal. EN VU 3 WM2, 3, 5 Ropalospora viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg 2 MC2, 5 Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Graewe ex 1 12 MC7, MM2, 4, 5, 7, WM3, 5, 6, Stenh.) Vězda 7, CC7, CM3, 5 Scoliciosporum sarothamni (Vain.) Vězda 1 1 7 MC6, MM3, 5, 7, WM5, 6, 7 Scoliciosporum umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold 4 MM2, 4, 5, WM5, Sphaerophorus fragilis (L.) Pers. EN VU 4 PM2, AC3, 4, 6 Stereocaulon alpinum Laurer VU EN VU 1 AC3 Strigula jamesii (Swinscow) R.C. Harris 1 1 1 MC5 Thamnolia vermicularis(Sw.) Schaer. VU LC 14 PM5, 7, AC1, 2, 3, 4, AC5, 6, 7, AM1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Thelotrema lepadinum(Ach.) Ach. 1 EN CR 2 MC3, 4 Trapelia corticola Coppins & P. James 1 1 1 PM1 Trapeliopsis flexuosa(Fr.) Coppins & P. James 13 MM2, 3, 6, WM5, 6, AC5, 7, CC3, 4, 5, 7, CM6, 7 Trapeliopsis gelatinosa (Flörke) Coppins & 1 NT 3 MC1, CC2, AM5 P. James Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch 1 22 MC7, PM1, 3, 4, 5, 6, AC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CC3, CM2, AM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa Coppins & P. 1 1 2 PM5, CC1 James Trapeliopsis viridescens (Schrad.) Coppins & 1 NT 4 MC1, 7, AC7, CC6 P. James Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla (Willd.) Hale VU EN VU NT 2 MC2, WM1 Umbilicaria crustulosa (Ach.) Lamy 1 EN NT 2 AC7, CC4 Umbilicaria cylindrica (L.) Delise RE 28 PM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, WM1, 4, 6, AC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, CC2, 3, 4, 5, AM1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Umbilicaria deusta (L.) Baumg. CR LC 11 AC1, 2, 4, 6, CC4, AM1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 Umbilicaria polyphylla (L.) Baumg. CR LC 6 PM6, WM1, AC6, AM1, 3, 6 Umbilicaria vellea (L.) Ach. EN VU 1 CC4 Usnea chaetophora Stirt. 1 1 2 MC2, CC4 Usnea diplotypus Vain. 1 1 CR RE 2 CC4, 5 Usnea filipendulaStirt. CR VU CR 5 MC4, CC1, 3, 4, 5, CM2, Usnea florida(L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. VU CR CR CR 1 MC3 Usnea fulvoreagens (Räsänen) Räsänen 1 EN CR CR RE 1 MC4 Usnea glabrescens (Nyl. ex Vain.) Vain. 1 1 CC4 Usnea hirta (L.) Weber exF.H. Wigg. VU VU 5 WM2, 3, 4, 5, CC6 Usnea lapponica Vain. 1 1 MC4 Usnea scabrata Nyl. 1 1 MM1 Usnea subfloridanaStirt. CR EN CR 4 MC2, 4, 6, WM5 Vulpicida pinastri (Scop.) J.–E. Mattsson 1 NT NT 11 PM4, 6, 7, WM2, 4, 6, 7, CC4, 5, 6, 7 113

Table 3 (continued)

Lichen taxa New R New RL RL RL RL RL Obs Plot codes Mts RO RO UK HU PL SL Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) 1 WM4 Hale Xanthoparmelia somloensis (Gyeln.) Hale 1 1 WM2 Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr. 1 2 WM4, 7 Xanthoria cf. ulophyllodes* Räsänen VU VU 1 WM2 Xanthoria parietina (L.) Beltr. NT 5 WM2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Xanthoria polycarpa (Hoffm.) Rieber 1 NT 1 WM5, 7 Xylographa parallela (Ach.) Fr. EN 3 MC2, WM4, CC1 Xylographa vitiligo (Ach.) J.R. Laundon 1 DD EN 2 MM3, PM7 Totals 182 67 12 8 65 125 96

Several inconspicuous taxa (Micarea sp., Placyn- mia speciosa, Lecanora cinereofusca, Lobaria thiella sp., Scoliciosporum sp., Lichenomphalia pulmonaria, Loxospora cismonica, Megalospora umbelifera, Lichenomphalia velutina) possibly tuberculosa, Menegazzia terebrata, Pertusaria overlooked in previous surveys, were found coccodes, Thelotrema lepadinum, Usnea florida mainly because of the systematic sampling pro- and U. subfloridana. tocol used here, which forced us to consider all Also species from Red Lists, which depend lichens present in small sampling plots. on rare and often threatened habitats (Thor, Another group of neglected species in Ro- 1995), such as Anisomeridium biforme and Us- mania includes taxa that only recently have nea fulvoreagens, are extinct in some regions received a thorough taxonomic treatment that of the Carpathians (Pisút et al., 2001) but were makes identification possible in routine lichen recorded (once each) in conserved mixed forests diversity assessments. Among these is the gen- in the present study of the Rodnei Mountains. era Lepraria for which we found 13 species, all Other examples of species limited to conserved new for the Rodnei Mountains, and 10 species areas, having Critically Endangered status in the new for the country. Red Lists and being recorded once or twice in The numerous new species for the region is our study include: Arthonia vinosa, Bellemerea mainly due to the fact that the previous studies cinereorufescens, Bryoria capillaris, B. chalibei- focused on rocks, whereas substrates such as formis, Cetraria aculeata, Cladonia magyarica, trees, soil, and wood, were poorly investigated. Hypogymnia vittata, Icmadophila ericetorum, Le- For example, there are only 49 previously re- canactis abietina, Lecanora albella, Mycoblastus ported species on soil substrate versus the 108 sanguinarius, Nephroma parile, Phaeophyscia taxa that we report here. We only confirm 158 endophoenicea and Pyrenula nitidella (Table out of the 260 species present in the previous 3). All these species stress the importance of checklist, which was represented mainly by maintaining their suitable habitats, which are saxicolous lichens (ca 57 % of total) (APNMR, currently restricted to protected areas. 2013), including crustose, foliose and fruticose The present study, with its large number of species, whereas in our survey the crustose new species for Romanian lichen flora and for saxicolous lichens were not sampled. the Rodnei Mountains region, suggests the need We found a relatively high number of spe- of more detailed inventories. To this day, there cies that are restricted to conserved habitats is no official Red List of lichens for Romania, in Rodnei Mountains and which are known as except a manuscript dealing with macrolichens indicators of ancient woodland and ecological only (Bartok & Crișan, personal communication). continuity in forest landscapes (Rose, 1976; In this context lichen diversity and richness in- Goward, 1995; Wolseley, 1995; Thor, 1995; ventories are important for better estimating the Gauslaa & Solhaug, 1996): Arthonia caesia, degree of threat for each species. This will enable Bryoria lanestris, Cetrelia olivetorum, Chaeno- the compilation of a comprehensive Red List of theca brachypoda, Ch. brunneola, Heteroder- Lichens from Romania that will be an invalu- 114 Folia Cryptog. Estonica able tool for promoting lichen conservation in Cozia National Park, Romania. Mycotaxon 114: the country (Thor, 1995; Dietrich & Scheidegger, 193–196. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/114.193 1997; Scheidegger et al., 2000). Çobanoğlu, G., Yavuz, M., Costache, I., Radu, I., Açikgöz, B. & Baloniu, L. 2009. Epiphytic and The high total number of lichen species, terricolous lichens diversity in Cozia National Park the large number of species that appear in Red (Romania). Muzeul Olteniei Craiova. Oltenia. Studii Lists, together with the indicator species for şi comunicări. Ştiinţele Naturii 25: 17–22. ancient woodlands and ecological continuity of Crișan, F. 2006. Five new species for the Romanian forest landscapes, underline the high value of lichen flora. In: Gafta, D. & Akeroyd, J. (eds). conserved habitats in the Rodnei Mountains. Nature Conservation, Concepts and Practice. The existing National Park here has the potential Series: Environmental Science and Engineering, pp. 131–136. of conserving a considerable part of the lichen Didukh, Y. A. (ed.) 2009. Red data book of Ukraine, diversity and the lichen’s characteristic habitats. Vegetable kingdom (In Ukrainian). Globalconsalt- Their presence is also important for other groups ing. 912 pp. of organisms, which depend on lichens or their Dietrich , M. & Scheidegger, C. 1997. A representative habitats, thus emphasizing the biocomplexity survey of frequency of epiphytic lichens at the of microbial and invertebrate communities. It regional and national levels and its use for the is important that at least these „islands” such Red List of Switzerland. In: Türk, R. & Zorrer, R. (eds). Progress and Problems in Lichenology as Rodnei Mountains to be conserved if other- in the Nineties – IAL3. Bibliotheca Lichenologica wise natural resources are still exploited in a 68: 145–154. non–sustainable manner that is leading to a Gauslaa, Y. & Solhaug, K. A. 1996. Differences in the substantial loss of biodiversity. susceptibility to light stress between epiphytic lichens of ancient and young boreal forest stands. Functional Ecology 10(3): 344–354. http://dx.doi. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS org/10.2307/2390282 Gorduza V. 1983. Physico-geographical caracterisation This work was possible with the financial sup- of the Pietrosu Rodnei Nature Reserve��. In: Pietro- port of the Sectoral Operational Programme for sul Rodnei at 50 years (In Romanian). Academia Human Resources Development 2007-2013, RSR Cluj Napoca–Baia Mare, pp: 56–66. co-financed by the European Social Fund, under Goward, T. 1995. Nephroma occultum and the main- the project number POSDRU/107/1.5/S/76841 tenance of lichen diversity in British Columbia. with the title „Modern Doctoral Studies: Inter- Mitteilungen der Eidgenössischen Forschungsan- stalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft 70: 11–27. nationalization and Interdisciplinarity”. We also Ignatov, M.S., Ignatova, E.A., Konstantinova, N. A., acknowledge financial support from the Federal Pronkina, G. A. & Urbanavichus, G. P. 2004. Office for the Environment (FOEN) to Christoph Lichens / The present-day state of biological Scheidegger. diversity within protected areas. Issue 3. Lichens and Bryophytes. Moscow, pp 6–7. Lackovičová, A. & Guttová, A. 2006. Lichen diversity– REFERENCES history, contemporary occurrence and trends in Slovakia: Gyalecta ulmi and Leptogium saturni- APNMR (Rodnei Mountains National Park Administra- num. In: Lackovi ová, A., Guttová, A., Lisická, tion). Management Plan 2013 Rodnei Mountains č E. & Lizo , P. (eds). Central European Lichens – National Park, Biosphere Reserve (NATURA 2000 ň Diversity and Threat. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca, and SAC and SPA) (In Romanian). http://www.par- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, crodna.ro/. Bratislava, pp. 219–240. Bartók, K. 1999. Pesticide usage and epiphytic lichen L kös, L. & Tóth, E. 1996. 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