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World Bank Document E614 Volume I Public Disclosure Authorized .GANSU/XINJIANG Public Disclosure Authorized DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT For INTEGRATED CHINA PASTORAL DEVELOPMENT Public Disclosure Authorized FILEC PYU3 Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents I Introduction and Project Background .................................................. 1 . 1. 1.1 Purpose of the Report 1 2. 1.2 Brief Introduction to the EA Report 1 1.2.1 Importance of the Project................................................... 1 1.2.2 Structure of the Report................................................... 2 3. 1.3 Bases of Assessment 2 1.3.1 Laws and Regulations................................................... 2 1.3.2 Technical Documents.................................................... 3 1.3.3 Main Design Documents................................................... 3 4. 1.4 Principles of Environmental Assessment 4 5. 1.5 Relationship to Feasibility Study 5 6. 1.6 EA Teamn 6 7. 1.7 Assessment Scope and Periods Covered 6 1.7.1 Assessment Scope ................................................... 6 1.7.2 Periods Covered................................................... 7 8. 1.8 Assessment Factors 7 9. 1.9 Assessment Focus and Categorization 8 10. 1.10 Assessment Criteria 11 11. 1.11 Assessment Focus and Categorization 11 12. 1.12 Assessment Procedure 12 2 Policy, Legislation & Administration Framework ................................................. 13 13. 2.1 Organizations & Administrative Framework 13 14. 2.2 National Policy & Strategy for Environmental Protection 13 15. 2.3 WB Requirements 14 3 Project Description ................................................. 16 16. 3.1 Project Goals 20 17. 3.2 Project Objectives 20 18. 3.3 Project Components 20 3.3.1 GrasslandManagement Component.................................................. 21 3.3.2 Livestock ProductionImprovement Component........................................ 21 3.3.3 Market Systems Development Component ................................................. 22 3.3.4 Applied Research, Training, and Extension Component........................... 23 19. 3.4 Indicators of Project Success23 20. 3.5 Project Area 24 3.5.1 Gansu Province.................................................. 24 3.5.2 XUAR .................................................. 24 21. 3.6 Project Implementation Schedule 25 22. 3.7 Project Investment 26 4 Description of Existing Environment .27 23. 4.1 Physical Environment, Gansu 27 4.1.1 Topography....... 27 4.1.2 Soil ....... 27 4.1.3 Climate....... 28 4.1.4 Hydrology ....... 28 4.1.5 Surface Water Quality................. 33 4.1.6 Groundwater Quality................. 34 4.1.7 Atmospheric Environment................. 35 24. 4.2 Ecological Environment, Gansu 35 4.2.1 Flora........................................ 35 4.2.2 Fauna........................................ 35 4.2.3 .Nature reserves ........................................ 36 4.2. 4 Soil Erosion and Water and Soil Conservation........................................ 37 25. 4.3 Socio-cultural Environrnent, Gansu 37 4.3.1 Population.37 4.3.2 CulturalBackground .38 4.3.3 Public Health.39 4.3.4 Cultural Heritage.39 4.3.5 Scenic Spots and Tourism.39 4.3.6 Infrastructure.40 4.3.7 Land Tenure and Land Ownership.40 4.3.8 Land Use and Farming/herdingPractices .40 4.3.9 Other Employment/Manufacturing Opportunities.46 4.3.10 Socio-economic Development Plan.46 26. 4.4 Physical Environrent, XUAR 46 4.4.1 Topography.............. 46 4.4.2 Soils.47 4.4.3 Climate.S0 4.4.4 Hydrology.50 4.4.5 Surface Water Quality .56 4.4.6 GroundwaterQuality .57 4.4.7 Air Quality.59 27. 4.5 Ecological Environment, XUAR 59 4.5.1 Flora........................................ 59 4.5.2 Fauna................ 61 4.5.3 Nature Reserves................ 61 4.5.4 Soil Erosion and Water and Soil Conservation........................................ 63 28. 4.6 Social and Cultural Environrent, XUAR 64 4.6.1 Population.64 4.6.2 CulturalBackground .65 4.6.3 Public Health.65 4.6.4 CulturalHeritage .66 4.6.5 Scenic Spots and Tourism.66 4.6.6 Infrastructure.66 4.6.7 Land Tenure and Land Ownership.66 4.6.8 Land Use and Farming/herdingPractices .66 4.6.9 Other Employment/ManufacturingOpportunities .70 4.6.10 Employment Opportunities.74 4.6.11 Socio-economic Development Plan.74 5 Public Participation .76 29. 5.1 Consultation Method and Subject 76 5.1.1 Consultation with Family or Individual.76 5.1.2 Inter-agency and NGO Consultation.76 30. 5.2 Public Opinion and Suggestion 77 31. 5.3 Infomation Disclosures and Feedback 77 5.1.3 Information DisclosurePlan of the PPMOs.78 32. 5.4 Beneficial Participation Plan 78 33. 5.5 Summary of Public Participation 78 6 Analysis of Altematives ........................................ 80 34. 6.1 Analysis of "Without Project" Altemative 80 vii 6.1.1 Current Status of Natural Grasslands................................. 80 6.1.2 Current Status of Pen-fed Livestock Development andfodderproduction80 6.1.3 Existingfeeding status, of sheep and dairy cattle.81 6.1.4 Present breed quality of sheep and dairy cattle................................. 82 6.1.5 Existing constraints with Market Development .82 6.1.6 Presentstatus of applied research, extension and training.82 35. 6.2 Analysis of "With Project" Altemative 82 7 Analysis of Environmental Impacts & Proposed Mitigation Measures .. 84 36. 7.1 Potential Sources of Effect 84 37. 7.2 Analysis of Environmental Impact & Proposed Mitigation Measures in implementation & Construction Phase, Gansu 85 7.2.1 Floraand Fauna.86 7.2.2 Soil Erosion.87 7.2.3 Acoustic Environment.87 7.2.4 Air Quality ........... 88 7.2.5 Cultural Heritage.89 38. 7.3 Analysis of Environmental Impact & Proposed Mitigation Measures in implementation & Construction Phase, XUAR 90 39. 7.4 Analysis of Environmental Impacts & Proposed Mitigation Measures During Project Operation in Gansu 90 7.4.1 Semi-PastoralLivestock Development Model .90 7.4.2 Semi-pastoraland semi-agriculturalLivestock Development Model. 95 7.4.3 Intensive (pen-fed) Livestock Development Model .100 7.4.4 Diary Cattleproject .103 40. 7.5 Analysis of Environmental Impacts & Proposed Mitigation Measures in XUAR 108 7.5.1 Semi-PastoralLivestock Development Model .108 7.5.2 Intensive (mainly pen-fed) Agriculture Based Livestock Development Model 115 41. 7.6 Analysis of Environmental Impacts & Proposed Mitigation Measures for common environmental problems 118 7.6.1 Feed Processing .. 119 7.6.2 Feedlots............................... 119 7.6.3 Wool Packing .. 120 7.6.4 Laboratory Chemical and Sewage Disposal.120 7.6.5 Disposal of Dead Animals . .121 42. 7.7 Environrnental Risk Assessment 121 8 Environmental Management Plan . .124 43. 8.1 Implementation Organizations and Responsibilities 124 8.1.1 Implementation Organizations .. 125 8.1.2 Role of PMO and Environmental Monitors.128 8.1.3 Supervision Organization .. 129 8.1.4 EnvironmentalManagement Plan . .129 8.: .. 134 44. 8.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan, Gansu 142 viii 8.2.1 MonitoringItems ................................. 142 8.2.2 MonitoringImplementer .. ............................... 142 8.2.3 MonitoringReport System .. ............................... 142 8.2.4 Pre-implementationMonitoring (Baseline data) . .........................142 8.2.5 Monitoringduring implementation/construction. ................................143 8.2.6 Monitoringduring Operation ................................. 144 8.2.7 MonitoringBudget .. ............................... 144 45. 8.3 Enviror nental Monitoring Plan, XUAR 145 8.3.1 MonitoringItems .. ............................... 145 8.3.2 MonitoringImplementer .. ............................... 145 8.3.3 MonitoringReport System .. ............................... 146 8.3.4 Pre-implementationMonitoring (Baseline data) . .........................146 8.3.5 Monitoringduring implementation/construction . .........................147 8.3.6 Monitoring during Operation ................................. 148 8.3.7 MonitoringBudget .. ............................... 148 46. 8.4 Environmental Training/lnstitutional Strengthening Plan 149 8.4.1 Training Objectives .. 149 8.4.2 TrainingCourses, Gansu . .149 8.4.3 Training Courses, XUAR . 150 47. 8.5 Budgets, Gansu 150 48. 8.6Budgets,XUAR 151 9 Conclusions and Reconmnendations . .153 49. 9.1 Major Conclusions 153 9.1.1 Selection of ProjectAreas .. 153 9.1.2 EnvironmentalImpact Analysis and MitigationMeasures .. 153 50. 9.2Reconmnendations 154 9.2.1 Follow-up Program .. 154 9.2.2 Public Participation .. 154 9.2.3 FurtherSuggestions and Environmental Requirements . .155 10 List of References ........... 156 ix List Of Tables TABLE I-1 PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION MATRIX FOR MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTORS OF IPDP ...............................................................9 TABLE 3-1 PROJECT COUNTY DISTRIBUTION AND PRODUCTION SYSTEM ............................24 TABLE 3-2 PROJECT COUNTY DISTRIBUTION AND PRODUCTION SYSTEM ............................25 TABLE 4-1 THE CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT AREAS IN GANSU PROVINCE30 TABLE 4-2 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RIVERS IN GANSU PROJECT AREA .......................32 TABLE 4-3 GROUNDWATER WATER TABLE CHANGE IN GANSU PROVINCE .............................33 TABLE 44 SURFACE WATER QUALITY IN THE PROJECT AREA IN GANSU PROVINCE ...............34 TABLE 4-5 IMPORTANT NATURE RESERVES RELATED TO THE PROJECT COUNTIES ..................37 TABLE 4-7 THE POPULATION OF THE PROJECT COUNTY IN GANSU PROVINCE .......................38 TABLE 4-7 LAND USE STATUS N GANSU PROVINCE ...........................................................40
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