Civil Procedure

Fifth Edition

Larry L. Teply PROFESSOR OF LAW CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY

Ralph U. Whitten SENATOR ALLEN A. SEKT PROFESSOR OF LAW CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY

CAROLINA ACADEMIC PRESS Durham, North Carolina Copyright © 2013 by Carolina Academic Press All rights reserved

ISBN 978-1-61163-074-9 LCCN 2012952601

Carolina Academic Press 700 Kent Street Durham, NC 27701 Telephone (919) 489-7486 Fax (919) 493-5668 www.cap-press.com

Printed in the United States of America SUMMARY OF CONTENTS

Page PREFACE ...... iii TABLE OF CASES ...... xxix

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL PROCEDURE AND PRACTICE ...... 1 Section A. The Role of Civil Actions in the Administration of Justice...... 1 Section B. The Substance-Procedure Distinction ...... 6 Section C. The Adversary System...... 9 Section D. The Historical Evolution of Civil Procedure ...... 14 Section E. Alternative Dispute Resolution ...... 37

CHAPTER 2. SUBJECT-MATTER JURISDICTION ...... 41 Section A. General Principles of Subject-Matter Jurisdiction ...... 41 Section B. Federal Question Jurisdiction ...... 55 Section C. Civil Actions to Which the United States Is a Party ...... 83 Section D. Diversity and Alienage Jurisdiction ...... 83 Section E. Supplemental Jurisdiction ...... 123 Section F. Removal Jurisdiction ...... 164

CHAPTER 3. PERSONAL JURISDICTION AND ...... 203 Section A. Development of Territorial Rules of Personal Jurisdiction...... 204 Section B. The Operation of the Territorial Rules ...... 220 Section C. Fictional Evolution of the Presence and Consent Tests for Personal Jurisdiction...... 237 Section D. The Development of Modern Restrictions on State-Court Jurisdiction: The Minimum Contacts Test ...... 240 Section E. The Status of the Territorial Rules of Jurisdiction After International Shoe ...... 242 Section F. The Reaction of the States to the Minimum Contacts Test: Long-Arm Statutes ...... 253 Section G. The Content of the Minimum Contacts Test ...... 257 Section H. The Application of the Minimum Contacts Test to Specific Cases ...... 298 Section I. Jurisdiction by Necessity ...... 329 Section J. Notice ...... 333 Section K. Service of Process ...... 338

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Page Chapter 3. Personal Jurisdiction and Service of Process__Continued Section L. Special Problems of Amenability to Process in Federal Court ...... 353

CHAPTER 4. AND RELATED MATTERS ...... 371 Section A. Transitory and Local Actions ...... 371 Section B. Venue in State Courts ...... 378 Section C. Venue in Federal Courts ...... 379 Section D. Forum Non Conveniens and Change of Venue ...... 414 Section E. Injunctions Against Extrastate Litigation and Other Devices for Controlling the Location of the Suit ...... 431

CHAPTER 5. SOURCES OF LAW ...... 437 Section A. The Separation-of-Powers Doctrine ...... 438 Section B. Conflict-of-Laws Problems in a Federal System ...... 442 Section C. The Doctrine of Swift v. Tyson ...... 443 Section D. The Erie Doctrine ...... 463 Section E. The Evolution of the Erie Doctrine: Applicability of State “Substantive Law” Under the Rules of Decision Act ...... 477 Section F. The Evolution of the Erie Doctrine: Conflicts Between State Law and Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ...... 505 Section G. The Erie Doctrine in the Lower Federal Courts ...... 540 Section H. Determination of State Law ...... 552 Section I. Federal Common Law...... 562

CHAPTER 6. AND RELATED MATTERS ...... 573 Section A. Common-Law Pleading...... 573 Section B. Pleading in Equity ...... 579 Section C. Code Pleading ...... 580 Section D. Federal Rules Pleading ...... 589 Section E. Verification ...... 645 Section F. Good Faith Pleading...... 646 Section G.Provisional Remedies...... 665

CHAPTER 7. OF CLAIMS ...... 683 Section A. Joinder of Claims by Plaintiffs at Common Law and in Equity ...... 683 Section B. Joinder of Claims by Plaintiffs Under the Codes ...... 686 Section C. Joinder of Claims by Plaintiffs Under the Federal Rules . . . 689 Section D. Joinder of Claims by Defendants at Common Law and in Equity ...... 699 Section E. Counterclaims and Under the Codes ...... 702 Section F. Counterclaims and Crossclaims Under the Federal Rules . . . 704

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Page CHAPTER 8. JOINDER OF PARTIES ...... 731 Section A. Basic Joinder of Parties Rules in Common-Law and Equity Actions...... 731 Section B. Basic Party Joinder Provisions of the Codes ...... 734 Section C. Basic Party Joinder Provisions of the Federal Rules ...... 736 Section D. Special Party Joinder Devices ...... 783

CHAPTER 9. AND PRETRIAL CONFERENCES .... 865 Section A. Development of Modern Discovery ...... 865 Section B. The General Scope of Discovery Under the Federal Rules ...... 872 Section C. Required Disclosures Under the Federal Rules...... 882 Section D. The Discovery Planning Conference, Timing, Sequence, Priority, Limits, and Certification ...... 892 Section E. Oral Depositions ...... 900 Section F. Depositions upon Written Questions ...... 911 Section G. Interrogatories to Parties ...... 913 Section H. Production of Documents, Entries on Land, Testing, and Sampling ...... 918 Section I. Compulsory Physical and Mental Examinations ...... 921 Section J. Requests for Admission ...... 924 Section K. Discovery Before Commencing an Action or Pending an Appeal ...... 926 Section L. Depositions in Foreign Countries ...... 927 Section M. Use of Discovery at ...... 927 Section N. Pretrial Conferences and Orders ...... 929

CHAPTER 10. DISPOSITION OF THE ACTION WITHOUT TRIAL ...... 937 Section A. Default Judgment ...... 937 Section B. Judgment on the Pleadings ...... 940 Section C. ...... 942 Section D. Voluntary Dismissals ...... 948 Section E. Involuntary Dismissals...... 950 Section F. Miscellaneous Methods of Disposing of an Action Without Trial ...... 952

CHAPTER 11. TRIAL ...... 959 Section A. The Trial Calendar and the Trial Date ...... 959 Section B. Nature and Order of a Trial ...... 959 Section C. Trial by in Anglo-American Law ...... 963

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Page Chapter 11. Trial__Continued Section D. The Right to Trial by Jury in a Merged System: The Basic Approaches ...... 967 Section E. The Right to Trial by Jury in a Merged System: Operation of the Historical and Modern Federal Approaches ...... 970 Section F. Right to Trial by Jury Versus Mere “Incidents” of the Right...... 981 Section G. The Right to Trial by Jury in Complex Cases ...... 982 Section H. Involuntary Dismissals, Directed Verdicts, Burden of Proof, and Presumptions ...... 983 Section I. Evidence...... 991 Section J. Variance and Amendments at Trial ...... 1003 Section K. ...... 1004 Section L. Verdicts and Findings by the Court ...... 1005 Section M. Judgment...... 1006

CHAPTER 12. POST-TRIAL MOTIONS, APPELLATE REVIEW, AND EXTRAORDINARY RELIEF FROM JUDGMENTS ...... 1009 Section A. Post-Trial Motions...... 1009 Section B. Appellate Review ...... 1014 Section C. Appellate Procedure ...... 1023 Section D. Scope of Review ...... 1024 Section E. Harmless Error...... 1026 Section F. Extraordinary Relief from a Judgment ...... 1026

CHAPTER 13. FINALITY IN LITIGATION ...... 1029 Section A. Introduction ...... 1029 Section B. Claim Preclusion ...... 1033 Section C. Issue Preclusion ...... 1050 Section D. Parties Bound by Judgments ...... 1076 Section E. Claim and Issue Preclusion on Questions of Subject-Matter and Personal Jurisdiction ...... 1084 Section F. Complications Produced by the Federal System ...... 1088 Section G. Other Preclusion Doctrines: Stare Decisis, Law of the Case, and Judicial Estoppel ...... 1112

INDEX ...... 1117

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PREFACE ...... iii TABLE OF CASES ...... xxix

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL PROCEDURE AND PRACTICE ...... 1

Section A. The Role of Civil Actions in the Administration of Justice ...... 1 1. The Relationship Between Civil, Criminal, and Administrative Actions ...... 1 2. Limits of Civil Actions in Resolving Disputes ...... 6 Section B. The Substance-Procedure Distinction ...... 6 Section C. The Adversary System ...... 9 1. The Adversary Process ...... 9 2. Procedural Constraints ...... 10 3. Ethical Constraints ...... 10 4. Litigation Costs ...... 12 (a) Allocating the Direct Costs of Litigation ...... 12 (b) “Error” Costs ...... 14 Section D. The Historical Evolution of Civil Procedure ...... 14 1. Origin of the Common-Law Courts ...... 15 2. Issuance of Writs by the Chancellor ...... 15 3. The Initial Development of the Forms of Action ...... 15 (a) Real Actions ...... 16 (b) Ex Contractu Personal Actions ...... 16 (c) Ex Delicto Personal Actions ...... 17 (i) Trespass...... 17 (ii) Replevin ...... 18 4. Subsequent Development of the Forms of Action ...... 19 (a) Trespass on the Case ...... 20 (b) Assumpsit ...... 21 (c) Trover ...... 22 (d) Ejectment...... 23 5. Modes of Trial Under the Writ System ...... 24 6. Development of Equity Jurisdiction ...... 25 7. Equitable Relief...... 29 8. Colonial Procedure and Procedure After Independence ...... 29 9. The Field Code and Reform of Procedure in the States ...... 31 10. Early Procedure in the Federal Courts ...... 32 11. Promulgation of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ...... 33 12. Amendments to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ...... 34

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Page Chapter 1. Introduction to Civil Procedure and Practice___Continued 13. “Restyling” of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ...... 35 14. Influence of the Federal Rules on State Court Procedure ...... 37 Section E. Alternative Dispute Resolution ...... 37 1. Negotiation ...... 38 2. Mediation ...... 38 3. Arbitration...... 38 4. Summary ...... 39 5. Early Neutral Evaluation...... 40 6. Mini-Trial and Other Hybrid Processes ...... 40

CHAPTER 2. SUBJECT-MATTER JURISDICTION ...... 41

Section A. General Principles of Subject-Matter Jurisdiction ...... 41 1. The Mandatory Nature of Subject-Matter Jurisdiction ...... 41 2. The “No-Waiver, No-Consent” Rule ...... 44 3. “General” vs. “Limited” Jurisdiction ...... 46 4. Presumptions in Favor of and Against Jurisdiction ...... 48 5. “Concurrent” vs. “Exclusive” Jurisdiction ...... 50 6. Transfer to Cure Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Deficiencies ...... 51 7. Order in Which Courts Consider Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Objections When Other Objections Are Raised at the Same Time 53 Section B. Federal Question Jurisdiction ...... 55 1. The Constitutional Scope of Federal Question Jurisdiction . . . . . 56 2. The Scope of the Statutory Grant of Federal Question Jurisdiction 58 (a) The Categories of Cases That Arise Under Federal Law Within the Meaning of 28 U.S.C. § 1331 ...... 59 (b) The “Well-Pleaded ” Rule ...... 70 (c) Determining Federal Question Jurisdiction in Declaratory Judgment Actions...... 75 Section C. Civil Actions to Which the United States Is a Party ..... 83 Section D. Diversity and Alienage Jurisdiction ...... 83 1. Complete Diversity Requirement ...... 84 2. Determination of State Citizenship ...... 85 3. Citizenship of Corporations and Associations ...... 89 4. Alienage Jurisdiction...... 92 5. Mutiparty, Multiforum Trial Jurisdiction Act of 2002 ...... 97 6. The Fairness Act ...... 99 7. The Amount-in-Controversy Requirement ...... 99 (a) Single Plaintiff with a Single Claim or Multiple Claims Against a Single Defendant ...... 100

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Page Chapter 2. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction___Continued (b) Aggregation of Claims with Multiple Parties: The “Common and Undivided Interest” Test ...... 107 (c) The Effect of Counterclaims on the Amount in Controversy...... 113 8. Creating and Destroying Diversity of Citizenship ...... 114 9. Judicial Exceptions to Federal Diversity Jurisdiction ...... 118 10. Correcting Defects in Diversity Jurisdiction and Adjudicating Disputes Over Diversity Jurisdiction ...... 121 Section E. Supplemental Jurisdiction ...... 123 1. The General Nature of Pendent and Ancillary Jurisdiction . . . . . 123 2. The Constitutional Basis of Pendent and Ancillary Jurisdiction...... 125 3. The Statutory Basis of Pendent and Ancillary Jurisdiction . . . . . 128 4. The Codification of Pendent and Ancillary Jurisdiction ...... 131 5. The Scope of Supplemental Jurisdiction: Section 1367(a) ...... 133 (a) The Language of the Statute: “Claim-Specific” or “Action-Specific”...... 133 (b) The Interpretation of the Statute: “Claim-Specific” or “Action-Specific” or Both? ...... 136 (c) Same Article III Case or Controversy ...... 145 (d) “Ancillary” or “Supplemental” Jurisdiction Independent of § 1367(a) ...... 149 6. Exceptions to the Scope of Supplemental Jurisdiction in Diversity Cases: Section 1367(b) ...... 150 7. The Discretion to Decline Supplemental Jurisdiction: Section 1367(c) ...... 153 8. Tolling of Limitations for Dismissed Claims: Section 1367(d) ...... 159 Section F. Removal Jurisdiction ...... 164 1. General Rule of Removal Jurisdiction: Section 1441(a) ...... 164 2. Exception to the General Rule of Removal Jurisdiction in Diversity Cases: Section 1441(b)(2) ...... 171 3. Removal of Separate and Independent Claims: Section 1441(c) ...... 173 (a) The History of Section 1441(c) ...... 174 (b) The Meaning of “Separate and Independent” ...... 176 (c) The Relationship Between Supplemental Jurisdiction and Separate and Independent Claim Removal ...... 182 (d) Remand Under Section 1441(c) ...... 183 (e) The 2011 Amendments to § 1441(c) ...... 185 4. Removal Procedure ...... 188 5. Remand of Removed Cases ...... 195

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Page CHAPTER 3. PERSONAL JURISDICTION AND SERVICE OF PROCESS ...... 203

Section A. Development of Territorial Rules of Personal Jurisdiction ...... 204 1. Personal Jurisdiction Restrictions Prior to the Adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment ...... 204 (a) The Forms of Action in Suits on Foreign Judgments and the “International” Rules of Jurisdiction ...... 204 (b) Colonial Developments and the Articles of Confederation ...... 206 (c) The Full Faith and Credit Clause of the U.S. Constitution...... 207 (d) The 1790 Implementing Statute ...... 208 (e) The Status of the Territorial Rules of Jurisdiction Under the Full Faith and Credit Clause and the Implementing Statute ...... 214 2. Territorial Rules and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution ...... 216 (a) Interpretation of State Due Process Clauses Prior to the Fourteenth Amendment...... 216 (b) Incorporation of the Territorial Rules into the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment ...... 217 Section B. The Operation of the Territorial Rules ...... 220 1. In Rem Jurisdiction ...... 221 (a) Affirmative Principles of In Rem Jurisdiction ...... 221 (b) Restrictive Principles of In Rem Jurisdiction ...... 224 (c) Limited Appearance Procedures ...... 228 2. In Personam Jurisdiction: Physical Presence ...... 228 (a) Immunity from Service of Process ...... 229 (b) Acquisition of Jurisdiction by Fraud or Unlawful Force . . . 232 3. In Personam Jurisdiction: Consent, Appearance, and Waiver . . . 232 4. In Personam Jurisdiction: Domicile ...... 235 Section C. Fictional Evolution of the Presence and Consent Tests for Personal Jurisdiction ...... 237 1. Jurisdiction over Corporations ...... 237 2. Implied Consent Extended Beyond Corporations ...... 239 Section D. The Development of Modern Restrictions on State-Court Jurisdiction: The Minimum Contacts Test ...... 240 Section E. The Status of the Territorial Rules of Jurisdiction After International Shoe ...... 242 1. Quasi In Rem and Related Jurisdictional Doctrines ...... 243 2. Transient Presence Jurisdiction ...... 249

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Page Chapter 3. Personal Jurisdiction and Service of Process___Continued Section F. The Reaction of the States to the Minimum Contacts Test: Long-Arm Statutes ...... 253 Section G. The Content of the Minimum Contacts Test ...... 257 1. Cases to Which the Minimum Contacts Test Applies ...... 258 2. General and Specific Jurisdiction ...... 259 (a) General Jurisdiction...... 260 (b) Specific Jurisdiction ...... 264 (i) Claims Arising Out of or Related to the Defendant’s Contacts with the State ...... 264 (ii) The Two-Step Test for the Validity of Specific Jurisdiction ...... 270 (iii) The Purposeful Contacts Test ...... 271 (iv) The Reasonableness Test ...... 282 (c) Confusion and Possible Convergence ...... 286 (d) Toward a Unified Test for General and Specific Jurisdiction ...... 290 3. Sovereignty-Based Restrictions on State-Court Jurisdiction...... 293 Section H. The Application of the Minimum Contacts Test to Specific Types of Cases ...... 298 1. Tort Cases ...... 298 2. Contract Cases...... 308 3. Property Cases...... 312 4. Trust and Estate Cases ...... 315 5. Domestic Relations Cases ...... 318 6. State Tax Cases ...... 321 7. Internet Activities ...... 322 Section I. Jurisdiction by Necessity ...... 329 Section J. Notice ...... 333 Section K. Service of Process ...... 338 1. Service of Process in English and Early United States Practice...... 338 2. Modern Methods of Serving Process ...... 339 (a) Form of the Summons ...... 340 (b) Issuance of the Summons ...... 341 (c) What Must Be Served with the Summons and Who May Serve the Summons...... 341 (d) Waiver of Service of Process ...... 342 (e) Manner of Service ...... 345 (f) Territorial Limits of Effective Service ...... 347 (g) Proof of Service...... 349

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Page Chapter 3. Personal Jurisdiction and Service of Process___Continued (h) Time Limits on Effectuating Service ...... 349 (i) In Rem and Quasi in Rem Jurisdiction ...... 351 Section L. Special Problems of Amenability to Process in Federal Court ...... 353 1. The Constitutional Standard Under Federal Long-Arm Statutes and Rules ...... 353 2. Restrictions on Federal Jurisdiction to Adjudicate Imposed by Use of State Long-Arm Statutes and Other Methods of Service ...... 360 (a) Service Pursuant to State Long-Arm Statutes ...... 361 (b) Service Under Rule 4 when the State Courts Would Not Assert Jurisdiction: Federally Created Rights Cases . . . . . 362 (c) Service Under Rule 4 when the State Courts Would Not Assert Jurisdiction: Diversity Actions ...... 366 (d) Amenability Questions Under the 100-Mile Bulge Rule . . . 367

CHAPTER 4. VENUE AND RELATED MATTERS ...... 371

Section A. Transitory and Local Actions ...... 371 Section B. Venue in State Courts ...... 378 Section C. Venue in Federal Courts ...... 379 1. Plaintiffs’ Residence as Proper Venue ...... 379 2. Defendants’ Residence as Proper Venue ...... 380 3. Venue Proper Where Events Giving Rise to Suit Occur ...... 383 (a) Fixed Minimum Percentage Test ...... 385 (b) Relative Activity Test ...... 385 (c) Linking the Test to Minimum Contacts ...... 386 (d) When Do Events Give Rise to the Claim? ...... 390 (e) Miscellaneous Issues ...... 392 4. Presence of Property as a Basis of Venue ...... 392 (a) When Property Should Be Considered to Be the “Subject of the Action”...... 393 (i) Ownership of Property Directly at Issue ...... 393 (ii) Actions for Damages for Injury to Land or to Prevent Future Harm to Land ...... 393 (iii) Damages for Injury to Specific Personal Property . . . . 394 (iv) Money ...... 394 (v) Other Cases ...... 395 (b) When a “Substantial Part” of the Property Should Be Considered Located Within the District ...... 396 (c) Abolition of the Local Action Rule in Federal Court ...... 398 5. The “Fallback” Provisions of § 1391 ...... 400

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Page Chapter 4. Venue and Related Matters___Continued 6. Residence of Corporations and Associations ...... 403 7. Venue in Actions Involving Aliens ...... 407 8. Venue in Removed Actions...... 408 9. Divisional Venue...... 409 10. Special Venue Provisions ...... 410 11. Interaction of Venue, Subject-Matter Jurisdiction and Personal Jurisdiction Rules ...... 411 12. Raising and Waiving Federal Venue Objections ...... 411 Section D. Forum Non Conveniens and Change of Venue ...... 414 1. Forum Non Conveniens and the Uniform Transfer of Litigation Act ...... 416 (a) Forum Non Conveniens...... 416 (b) The Uniform Transfer of Litigation Act ...... 423 2. Transfer of Venue Between Federal Courts ...... 423 (a) Section 1404(a) Transfers ...... 423 (b) Section 1406 Transfers ...... 428 (c) Section 1407 Transfers ...... 430 Section E. Injunctions Against Extrastate Litigation and Other Devices for Controlling the Location of the Suit ...... 431 1. Injunctions Against Suit ...... 432 2. Stays of Forum Proceedings in Deference to Out-of-State Litigation ...... 434

CHAPTER 5. SOURCES OF LAW ...... 437

Section A. The Separation-of-Powers Doctrine ...... 438 Section B. Conflict-of-Laws Problems in a Federal System ...... 442 Section C. The Doctrine of Swift v. Tyson ...... 443 1. The Swift Decision ...... 443 2. The Swift Doctrine...... 446 (a) Sovereignty ...... 446 (b) Stare Decisis ...... 450 (c) Separation of Powers...... 454 (d) The Functions of the Diversity Jurisdiction ...... 457 (e) Equity and Admiralty Cases ...... 460 (f) The Swift Doctrine Changes...... 462 Section D. The Erie Doctrine ...... 463 1. The Erie Decision ...... 464 2. The Erie Doctrine Applied to Conflict-of-Laws Issues ...... 469 (a) The Klaxon Decision ...... 469 (b) Special Erie Doctrine Problems in Cases of Transfer Under 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a)...... 471

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Page Chapter 5. Sources of Law___Continued Section E. The Evolution of the Erie Doctrine: Applicability of State “Substantive Law” Under the Rules of Decision Act ..... 477 1. The Guaranty Trust Case: Independent Federal Equity Powers and the “Outcome Determinative” Test ...... 479 2. The Byrd Decision: Categorization of State Rules and Balancing ...... 484 3. Subsequent Developments: Imprecision and Confusion ...... 492 Section F. The Evolution of the Erie Doctrine: Conflicts Between State Law and Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ..... 505 1. The Sibbach Decision ...... 506 2. The Outcome Determinative Test and the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure...... 509 3. The Hanna Decision: Return to the Sibbach Test...... 511 4. The Burlington Northern Decision: Establishing Content for the Substantive Rights Restriction ...... 514 5. Further Confusion: Business Guides, Gasperini, and Semtek .... 519 6. The Shady Grove Decision ...... 527 7. Separation-of-Powers Restrictions on Judicial Rulemaking . . . . . 533 Section G. The Erie Doctrine in the Lower Federal Courts ...... 540 Section H. Determination of State Law ...... 552 Section I. Federal Common Law ...... 562 1. A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Federal Common-Law Decisions ...... 563 (a) “Interpretation” ...... 564 (b) “Supplementation” ...... 565 (c) “Policy Making” ...... 565 2. Examples of Federal Common-Law Decisions ...... 566 3. Federal Procedural Common Law in State Courts ...... 570

CHAPTER 6. PLEADING AND RELATED MATTERS ...... 573

Section A. Common-Law Pleading ...... 573 1. Commencing the Action ...... 573 2. Stating the Plaintiff’s Claim in the Declaration ...... 573 3. Challenges to the Declaration ...... 575 (a) General ...... 575 (b) Special Demurrers ...... 576 (c) Dilatory Pleas ...... 576 (d) Traverses ...... 576 (e) Pleas in Confession and Avoidance ...... 577 (f) The General Issue...... 577 (g) Bills of Particulars...... 577

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Page Chapter 6. Pleading and Related Matters___Continued 4. Subsequent Pleading ...... 577 5. Amendments, “Pleading Over,” and Pleas Puis Darrein Continuance ...... 578 6. Relation of Pleading to Proof at Trial ...... 579 Section B. Pleading in Equity ...... 579 Section C. Code Pleading ...... 580 1. Commencing the Action ...... 580 2. The Code Complaint ...... 580 (a) Pleading “Facts” ...... 581 (b) Alternative, Hypothetical, and Inconsistent Pleading ...... 582 (c) Anticipating Defenses ...... 582 (d) Pleading Special Matters...... 583 3. Responding to the Complaint ...... 583 (a) Motions for More Definite Statements and Bills of Particulars ...... 583 (b) Demurrers ...... 584 (c) The Code ...... 584 (d) Waiver of Defenses ...... 585 4. The Plaintiff’s ...... 587 5. Amendments and Supplemental Pleadings ...... 587 6. Code Motions to Expunge or Strike ...... 588 Section D. Federal Rules Pleading ...... 589 1. Commencing the Action ...... 589 2. The Federal Rules Complaint ...... 589 (a) Captions, Numbered Paragraphs, Separate Counts, and Incorporation by Reference ...... 590 (b) “Notice” Pleading ...... 591 (i) The “Fair Notice” Requirement ...... 592 (ii) “Entitled to Relief”: The “Plausibility” Requirement . . 598 (c) Alternative, Hypothetical, and Inconsistent Pleading ...... 606 (d) Anticipating Defenses ...... 607 (e) Pleading Special Matters ...... 607 (i) Fraud and Mistake...... 607 (ii) Conditions of the Mind ...... 609 (iii) Special Damages ...... 609 (iv) Conditions Precedent ...... 610 (v) Official Documents, Official Acts, and Judgments . . . 610 (vi) Capacity of a Party to Sue or Be Sued ...... 610 (vii) Time and Place ...... 610 (vi) Nonjoinder of Certain Parties ...... 611 3. Responding to the Complaint ...... 611 (a) Default ...... 611

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Page Chapter 6. Pleading and Related Matters___Continued (c) Motions to Strike ...... 612 (d) Motions to Dismiss ...... 613 (e) The Mechanics of Practice ...... 614 (f) The Federal Rules Answer...... 615 (i) Defenses that Were Not Raised by Preanswer Motions 616 (ii) Admissions and Denials ...... 616 (iii) Affirmative Defenses ...... 618 (iv) Counterclaims and Crossclaims ...... 619 (g) Consolidation and Waiver of Defenses ...... 619 (i) Consolidation ...... 619 (ii) Waiver ...... 620 4. The Plaintiff’s Reply and Motions to Strike an Insufficient Defense...... 623 5. Amendments Before Trial...... 624 (a) Amendments as a Matter of Course and with Leave of Court 624 (b) Relation Back of Amendments Changing a Claim or Defense ...... 625 (c) Relation Back of Amendments Changing Parties ...... 628 (i) Schiavone v. Fortune ...... 628 (ii) The 1991 Amendment to Rule 15(c) ...... 629 (iii) Relationship Between Amended Rule 15(c)(1)(A) and (C)...... 630 (iv) Nature, Quality, and Timing of Notice ...... 632 (v) Mistake and Knowledge Requirements ...... 635 (vi) Amendments Changing Plaintiffs ...... 639 (d) Rules Enabling Act Issues with Rule 15(c) ...... 642 6. Supplemental Pleadings ...... 645 Section E. Verification ...... 645 Section F. Good Faith Pleading ...... 646 1. Original Rule 11 ...... 647 2. The 1983 Amendments to Rule 11 ...... 647 3. The 1993 Amendments to Rule 11 ...... 652 (a) Signature Requirements...... 653 (b) Certification Requirements ...... 653 (c) Sanctions and the “Safe Harbor” Provision ...... 659 (d) Rule 11 Inapplicable to Discovery ...... 664 4. Section 1927 and the Court’s Inherent Power to Sanction . . . . . 664 Section G. Provisional Remedies ...... 665 1. Attachment and Garnishment ...... 666 2. Sequestration...... 667 3. Replevin ...... 668

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Page Chapter 6. Pleading and Related Matters___Continued 4. Civil Arrest ...... 669 5. Ne Exeat ...... 669 6. Temporary Restraining Orders and Preliminary Injunctions . . . . 670 (a) The Nature of Temporary Restraining Orders and Preliminary Injunctions...... 670 (b) Contempt ...... 673 (c) The Bond Requirement ...... 676 7. Constitutional Limitations on Provisional Remedies ...... 676

CHAPTER 7. JOINDER OF CLAIMS ...... 683

Section A. Joinder of Claims by Plaintiffs at Common Law and in Equity ...... 683 Section B. Joinder of Claims by Plaintiffs Under the Codes ...... 686 Section C. Joinder of Claims by Plaintiffs Under the Federal Rules 689 1. Basic Operation of Federal Rule 18 ...... 689 2. Problems of Subject-Matter Jurisdiction, Venue, and Personal Jurisdiction Under Rule 18 ...... 690 (a) Subject-Matter-Jurisdiction Restrictions on Joinder ...... 690 (b) Venue Restrictions on Joinder ...... 692 (c) Personal Jurisdiction Restrictions on Joinder ...... 693 3. Rules Enabling Act Problems Under Rule 18 ...... 697 Section D. Joinder of Claims by Defendants at Common Law and in Equity ...... 699 1. Recoupment...... 700 2. Set-Off...... 700 3. Cross-Bills...... 701 Section E. Counterclaims and Crossclaims Under the Codes ...... 702 Section F. Counterclaims and Crossclaims Under the Federal Rules ...... 704 1. Basic Operation of Federal Rule 13 ...... 704 2. Administration of the “Same Transaction or Occurrence” Test . . 708 3. Additional Problems of Administration Under Rule 13 ...... 713 4. Problems of Subject-Matter Jurisdiction, Venue, and Personal Jurisdiction Under Rule 13 ...... 716 (a) Supplemental (Ancillary) Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Over Counterclaims and Crossclaims ...... 716 (b) Supplemental (Ancillary) Venue and Personal Jurisdiction Over Counterclaims and Crossclaims ...... 720 (c) Waiver by the Defendant of Venue or Personal Jurisdiction Objections when the Defendant Asserts a Compulsory or Permissive Counterclaim ...... 722

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Page Chapter 7. Joinder of Claims___Continued (d) Effect of a Counterclaim on the Amount in Controversy . . . 725 5. Rules Enabling Act Issues Under Rule 13 ...... 727

CHAPTER 8. JOINDER OF PARTIES ...... 731

Section A. Basic Joinder of Parties Rules in Common-Law and Equity Actions ...... 731 1. Basic Joinder Rules in Common-Law Actions ...... 731 2. Joinder of Parties in Equity...... 731 Section B. Basic Party Joinder Provisions of the Codes ...... 734 Section C. Basic Party Joinder Provisions of the Federal Rules ... 736 1. Real Party in Interest...... 736 (a) In General ...... 736 (b) Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Problems in Administering Rule 17(a) ...... 740 (c) Rules Enabling Act Problems in Administering Rule 17(a) . 741 2. Capacity to Sue and Be Sued ...... 742 (a) In General ...... 742 (b) Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Problems in Administering Rule 17(b) ...... 744 (c) Rules Enabling Act Problems in Administering Rule 17(b) . 747 3. Joinder of Persons Needed for Just Adjudication ...... 752 (a) History of Rule 19 ...... 752 (b) Application of Rule 19 ...... 755 (c) Problems of Subject-Matter Jurisdiction, Personal Jurisdiction, and Venue Under Rule 19 ...... 762 (d) Rules Enabling Act Problems in the Application of Rule 19 771 4. Permissive Joinder of Parties ...... 771 (a) Application of Rule 20 ...... 771 (b) Problems of Subject-Matter Jurisdiction, Personal Jurisdiction, and Venue Under Rule 20 ...... 774 (c) Rules Enabling Act Issues in the Administration of Rule 20 782 Section D. Special Party Joinder Devices ...... 783 1. ...... 783 (a) History of Impleader ...... 783 (b) Application of Rule 14 ...... 784 (c) Problems of Subject-Matter Jurisdiction, Personal Jurisdiction, and Venue Under Rule 14 ...... 787 (d) Rules Enabling Act Problems in the Administration of Rule 14 ...... 792 2. ...... 793 (a) History of Interpleader...... 794

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Page Chapter 8. Joinder of Parties___Continued (i) “Strict” Bills of Interpleader ...... 794 (ii) Bills “in the Nature of Interpleader” ...... 795 (iii) Interpleader in the State Courts ...... 796 (b) Personal Jurisdiction Problems in Interpleader ...... 796 (c) “Statutory” Interpleader in Federal Courts ...... 797 (d) “Rule” Interpleader in Federal Courts ...... 799 (e) The Effect of the Supplemental Jurisdiction Statute on Interpleader Jurisdiction ...... 802 (f) Rules Enabling Act Issues with Rule 22 ...... 804 (g) Interpleader “Stages”...... 805 (h) Declaratory Judgment Actions as a Substitute for Interpleader ...... 806 3. ...... 808 (a) History of Intervention ...... 808 (b) Intervention Practice Under Rule 24 ...... 809 (i) Intervention as of Right...... 809 (ii) Permissive Intervention ...... 812 (c) Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Problems Under Rule 24 ...... 813 (d) Venue Problems Under Rule 24 ...... 825 (e) Personal Jurisdiction Problems Under Rule 24 ...... 826 (f) Rules Enabling Act Issues with Rule 24 ...... 829 4. Class Actions...... 829 (a) History of Class Actions ...... 829 (b) Practice Under Rule 23 ...... 834 (i) Requirements for a Class Action ...... 834 (ii) Categories of Class Actions: Rule 23(b)(1)(A) (Risk of Inconsistent Adjudications) or Rule 23(b)(1)(B) (Impairment of Interests in the Absence of Class Action) ...... 836 (iii) Categories of Class Actions: Rule 23(b)(2) (Affecting an Entire Class by Acting or Refusing to Act) ...... 837 (iv) Categories of Class Actions: Rule 23(b)(3) (Common Questions of Law or Fact) ...... 838 (v) Court Management of Class Actions, Class Counsel, and Approval of Settlements ...... 841 (vi) Contemporary Issues in the Administration of Rule 23 ...... 842 (c) Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Problems Under Rule 23 ...... 851 (d) Personal Jurisdiction Problems Under Rule 23 ...... 857 (e) Venue Problems Under Rule 23 ...... 858

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Page Chapter 8. Joinder of Parties___Continued (f) Rule Validity Problems Under Rule 23 ...... 858 (g) Shareholder Derivative Actions: Rule 23.1 ...... 860 (h) Actions by or Against Unincorporated Associations: Rule 23.2 ...... 862

CHAPTER 9. DISCOVERY AND PRETRIAL CONFERENCES .... 865

Section A. Development of Modern Discovery ...... 865 1. Discovery in Common-Law Actions ...... 865 2. Discovery in Equity Actions ...... 865 3. Reform in the United States ...... 867 4. Discovery Practice Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ...... 869 Section B. The General Scope of Discovery Under the Federal Rules ...... 872 1. Privilege ...... 874 2. Attorney “Work Product” and Trial-Preparation Materials . . . . . 878 Section C. Required Disclosures Under the Federal Rules ...... 882 1. Early Disclosures Concerning Potential Witnesses, Documentary Evidence, Damages, and ...... 882 (a) Damages...... 883 (b) Insurance ...... 884 (c) Potential Witnesses and Documentary Evidence ...... 885 2. Disclosures and Discovery Concerning Experts ...... 886 (a) Discovery Concerning Experts Prior to Required Disclosure Under the 1993 Amendments ...... 886 (b) Required Disclosures and Discovery Concerning Experts After the 1993 Amendments ...... 888 (i) Who Must Be Identified ...... 889 (ii) Report Requirement ...... 889 (iii) Further Discovery Concerning Experts ...... 890 3. Disclosures Identifying Particular Evidence that May Be Offered at Trial...... 891 (a) Names of Witnesses...... 891 (b) Identification of Documents or Other Exhibits ...... 891 (c) Objecting to the Disclosures ...... 892 Section D. The Discovery Planning Conference, Timing, Sequence, Priority, Limits, and Certification ...... 892 1. The Parties’ Discovery Planning Conference ...... 892 2. The Timing of Discovery ...... 894 3. Sequence and Priority of Discovery ...... 895

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Page Chapter 9. Discovery and Pretrial Conferences___Continued 4. Limits on Discovery ...... 895 5. Certification of Disclosures, Discovery Requests, Responses, and Objections ...... 899 Section E. Oral Depositions ...... 900 1. Commencing the Oral Process ...... 900 (a) Notice of the Examination...... 900 (b) Subpoena to Compel Attendance ...... 901 (c) Duty to Avoid Imposing an Undue Burden and the Procedure for Objecting to the Subpoena ...... 904 (d) Failure of a Nonparty to Obey a Subpoena or of a Party to Attend a Deposition After Proper Notice ...... 905 2. Taking the Deposition...... 906 (a) The Officer in Charge ...... 906 (b) Beginning the Deposition ...... 907 (c) Producing Documents and Things ...... 907 (d) Depositions Being Conducted in Bad Faith or in a Harassing Manner ...... 908 (e) Rules of Evidence and Objections During the Examination ...... 908 (f) Effect of Failure to Object During the Examination ...... 909 3. Review by the Witness, Changes, Signing, Certification, and Filing ...... 910 Section F. Depositions upon Written Questions ...... 911 Section G. Interrogatories to Parties ...... 913 1. Serving Interrogatories ...... 913 2. Answering Interrogatories...... 914 (a) Time for Response...... 914 (b) Who Must Answer...... 914 (c) Option to Produce Business Records ...... 914 (d) Objections ...... 915 (e) Compelling an Answer ...... 917 (f) Correcting or Supplementing Responses ...... 918 Section H. Production of Documents, Entries on Land, Testing, and Sampling ...... 918 1. Serving Production Requests on Parties ...... 918 2. Responding to Production Requests ...... 919 (a) Time for Response...... 919 (b) Objections ...... 920 (c) Compelling Production ...... 920 (d) Correcting or Supplementing Responses ...... 921 Section I. Compulsory Physical and Mental Examinations ...... 921 1. Securing Physical or Mental Examinations ...... 921

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Page Chapter 9. Discovery and Pretrial Conferences___Continued 2. The Physician’s Report ...... 923 3. Sanctions ...... 924 Section J. Requests for Admission ...... 924 1. Requesting the Admissions ...... 924 2. Responding to the Request ...... 924 Section K. Discovery Before Commencing an Action or Pending an Appeal ...... 926 Section L. Depositions in Foreign Countries ...... 927 Section M. Use of Discovery at Trial ...... 927 1. Rule 36 Admissions ...... 927 2. Answers to Interrogatories ...... 928 3. Depositions ...... 928 Section N. Pretrial Conferences and Orders ...... 929 1. Scheduling Orders...... 930 2. Subjects for Discussion at Pretrial Conferences ...... 932 3. Final Pretrial Conference ...... 934 4. Pretrial Orders ...... 934 5. Sanctions ...... 935

CHAPTER 10. DISPOSITION OF THE ACTION WITHOUT TRIAL ...... 937

Section A. Default Judgment ...... 937 Section B. Judgment on the Pleadings ...... 940 Section C. Summary Judgment ...... 942 1. Summary Judgment Procedure ...... 943 2. Applying the Summary Judgment Standard ...... 944 Section D. Voluntary Dismissals ...... 948 Section E. Involuntary Dismissals ...... 950 Section F. Miscellaneous Methods of Disposing of an Action Without Trial ...... 952 1. : In General...... 952 2. Settlement: Rule 68...... 953 (a) General Problems in Administering Rule 68 ...... 953 (b) Rules Enabling Act Problems in Administering Rule 68 ...... 955

CHAPTER 11. TRIAL ...... 959 Section A. The Trial Calendar and the Trial Date ...... 959 Section B. Nature and Order of a Trial ...... 959 1. Demanding a Jury Trial...... 959 2. Selecting the Jury ...... 960

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Page Chapter 11. Trial___Continued (a) Challenges for Cause...... 961 (b) Peremptory Challenges ...... 961 3. Trial Procedure ...... 962 Section C. Trial by Jury in Anglo-American Law ...... 963 1. Development of Jury ...... 963 2. Methods of Controlling the Jury ...... 965 3. The Basic Problems in Administering the Constitutional Right...... 966 Section D. The Right to Trial by Jury in a Merged System: The Basic Approaches ...... 967 Section E. The Right to Trial by Jury in a Merged System: Operation of the Historical and Modern Federal Approaches ...... 970 1. Cases in Which Only Legal or Only Equitable Claims Are Presented ...... 971 2. Cases in Which the Plaintiff Asserts Both Legal and Equitable Claims ...... 972 (a) The Historical Approach ...... 972 (i) Cases in Which, Historically, the Equity Court Had to Act First...... 972 (ii) Some Cases in Which, Historically, a Common-Law Court Had to Act First...... 973 (iii) Cases in Which the Plaintiff Could Sue in Either Law or Equity First ...... 974 (b) The Modern Federal Approach ...... 974 3. Cases in Which the Plaintiff Sues in Equity and the Defendant Asserts a Counterclaim for Legal Relief ...... 976 4. Cases in Which the Defendant Asserts an Equitable Defense to a Legal Claim...... 976 5. Cases in Which the Plaintiff Asserts a Legal Claim by Means of a Procedure Available Only in Equity ...... 977 6. Right to a Jury Trial in Statutory and Administrative Proceedings ...... 978 Section F. Right to Trial by Jury Versus Mere “Incidents” of the Right ...... 981 Section G. The Right to Trial by Jury in Complex Cases ...... 982 Section H. Involuntary Dismissals, Directed Verdicts, Burden of Proof, and Presumptions ...... 983 1. Involuntary Dismissals (Judgments on Partial Findings) and Directed Verdicts (Judgments as a Matter of Law) ...... 984 2. Burden of Proof...... 988

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Page Chapter 11. Trial___Continued 3. Presumptions ...... 990 Section I. Evidence ...... 991 1. Competency...... 994 2. Relevancy ...... 994 3. Hearsay ...... 996 (a) Admissions of a Party Opponent ...... 997 (b) Present Sense Impressions and Excited Utterances ...... 998 (c) Statements Against Interest ...... 999 (d) Dying Declarations ...... 999 (e) Hearsay Within Hearsay and Other Problems ...... 1000 4. Privilege ...... 1000 5. The Best Evidence Rule ...... 1001 6. Objections, Cross-Examination, and Impeachment ...... 1001 Section J. Variance and Amendments at Trial ...... 1003 Section K. Jury Instructions ...... 1004 Section L. Verdicts and Findings by the Court ...... 1005 Section M. Judgment ...... 1006

CHAPTER 12. POST-TRIAL MOTIONS, APPELLATE REVIEW, AND EXTRAORDINARY RELIEF FROM JUDGMENTS ...... 1009

Section A. Post-Trial Motions ...... 1009 1. Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict (Judgment as a Matter of Law) ...... 1010 2. Motion for a New Trial ...... 1012 3. Motion to Alter or Amend the Judgment ...... 1013 Section B. Appellate Review ...... 1014 1. The Right to Appeal ...... 1014 2. Jurisdiction on Appeal ...... 1015 (a) Appeals as a Matter of Right ...... 1015 (b) Discretionary Review ...... 1015 (c) Certification...... 1016 (d) Extraordinary Writs...... 1016 3. The Final Judgment Rule and Its Exceptions ...... 1017 (a) The Basic Rule...... 1017 (b) Interlocutory Appeals ...... 1018 (c) Extraordinary Writs ...... 1020 (d) Collateral Order Rule ...... 1021 (e) The Rejected “Death Knell” Doctrine ...... 1022 (f) Pendent Appellate Jurisdiction ...... 1022 Section C. Appellate Procedure ...... 1023 Section D. Scope of Review ...... 1024

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Page Chapter 12 Trial___Post-Trial Motions, Appellate Review, and Extraordinary Relief from Judgments___Continued Section E. Harmless Error ...... 1026 Section F. Extraordinary Relief from a Judgment ...... 1026

CHAPTER 13. FINALITY IN LITIGATION ...... 1029

Section A. Introduction ...... 1029 Section B. Claim Preclusion ...... 1033 1. “Merger,” “Bar,” and the Rule Against Splitting a Claim . . . . . 1033 2. Judgments “On the Merits”...... 1038 3. General Exceptions ...... 1042 4. Counterclaims ...... 1046 (a) Application of Claim Preclusion Rules to Counterclaims . . 1046 (b) Jurisdictions with a Compulsory Counterclaim Rule . . . . . 1047 (c) Jurisdictions Without a Compulsory Counterclaim Rule . . 1048 (d) Special Problems Involving Insureds and Their Insurers . . 1049 Section C. Issue Preclusion ...... 1050 1. The Basic Rule ...... 1050 (a) Identity of the Issue ...... 1051 (b) Actual Litigation Requirement ...... 1053 (c) Ability to Identify What Was Decided ...... 1056 (d) Supporting the Judgment in the First Action ...... 1058 (e) Alternative Determinations ...... 1059 2. Exceptions ...... 1061 (a) Inability to Obtain Review...... 1061 (b) Issues of Law...... 1062 (c) “Mediate Data” Versus “Ultimate Facts” ...... 1063 (d) Differences in the Burden of Proof ...... 1064 (e) Nature and Quality of the Procedures in the Original Action ...... 1065 (f) Injustice in Particular Cases ...... 1066 3. Nonmutual Preclusion...... 1067 (a) The Mutuality of Estoppel Rule and Traditional Exceptions to the Rule ...... 1067 (b) Abolition of the Mutuality Rule ...... 1069 (c) Deciding when a Party Has Had a Full and Fair Opportunity to Litigate an Issue ...... 1070 (i) Ordinary Exceptions Applicable ...... 1070 (ii) Incompatibility with a Scheme of Remedies ...... 1070 (iii) Differences in Procedural Opportunities ...... 1071 (iv) Inconsistency with Another Determination ...... 1071 (v) Ability to Join in the First Action ...... 1072

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Page Chapter 13. Finality in Litigation___Continued (vi) Relationships Not Present in the Second Action and Compromise Verdicts ...... 1073 (vii) Inappropriate Foreclosure of the Opportunity to Review of Issues of Law ...... 1074 (viii) Undesirable Effects on Subsequent Proceedings ...... 1075 (ix) Other Compelling Circumstances ...... 1076 Section D. Parties Bound by Judgments ...... 1076 1. Preclusion of Nonparties...... 1076 (a) Representational Relations Binding Nonparties ...... 1077 (b) Substantive Relationships Binding Nonparties ...... 1079 (i) Family Relationships...... 1079 (ii) Contractual Relationships ...... 1080 (iii) Property Relationships ...... 1080 (iv) Organizational Relationships ...... 1081 (v) Indemnitee-Indemnitor Relationships ...... 1083 (c) Transformational Effects ...... 1083 2. Preclusion Between Coparties ...... 1083 Section E. Claim and Issue Preclusion on Questions of Subject-Matter and Personal Jurisdiction ...... 1084 Section F. Complications Produced by the Federal System ...... 1088 1. Enforcement of State Judgments ...... 1088 (a) Giving Less Effect to State Judgments ...... 1093 (b) Giving More Effect to State Judgments ...... 1095 (c) Giving Effect to State Judgments in Cases Applying Another State’s Law or Federal Law ...... 1096 (i) Another State’s Law ...... 1096 (ii) Federal Law...... 1096 2. Enforcement of Federal Judgments ...... 1105 3. Enforcement of Foreign Judgments ...... 1109 Section G. Other Preclusion Doctrines: Stare Decisis, Law of the Case, and Judicial Estoppel ...... 1112 1. Stare Decisis ...... 1112 2. Law of the Case...... 1113 3. Judicial Estoppel ...... 1114

INDEX ...... 1117

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References are to Pages. Bold page numbers indicate the beginning of significant textual discussion of a case.

3M Co. v. Johnson, 418 AIG Baker Sterling Heights, LLC v. American Multi- 49.01 Acres of Land, United States v., 1114 Cinema, Inc., 465 1994 Exxon Chem. Fire, In re, 196 Air Line Dispatchers Ass'n v. California E. Airways, 2215 Fifth St. Assocs., LP v. U-Haul Int’l, Inc., 477 Inc., 863 4501 Northpoint LP v. Maricop Cnty., 1038 Air Measurement Techs., Inc. v. Akin Gump Strauss 6247 Atlas Corp. v. Marine Ins. Co., 804 Hauer & Feld, L.L.P., 68 Albahary v. City of Bristol, 1054 Abad v. Bayer Corp., 418 Albano v. Shea Homes Ltd., 554, 555 Abadie v. Carrillo, 582 Albarado v. Southern Pac. Transp. Co., 197 Abadir v. Dellinger, 1053 Albemarle Corp. v. Astrazeneca UK, Ltd., 412, 476 Abbott v. Kidder, Peabody, & Co., 902 Albingia Versicherungs A.G. v. Schenker Int'l Inc., 154 Abbott v. Owens-Corning Fiberglass Corp., 419 Alcoholics Anonymous World Servs., Inc. v. Friedman, Abbott v. United Venture Capital, Inc., 88 385 Abbott Labs., In re, see Free v. Abbott Labs. Alden v. Alden, 1051 Abernathy v. Abernathy, 246, 311 Aldinger v. Howard, 128, 774 Acer Am. Corp., 426 Aleem v. Aleem, 1109 Acme Brick Co. v. Agrupacion Exportadora de Alexander v. Goldome Credit Corp., 180 Maqumaria Ceramica, 185 Alexander v. University/Gainesville Healthcare Ctr., Acme Inv., Inc. v. Southwest Tracor, Inc., 499 Inc., 545 Acoustic Sys., Inc. v. Wenger Corp., 1021 Alexander & Alexander Servs., Inc. v. Lloyd's Syndi- Acridge v. Evangelical Lutheran Good Samaritan cate, 184, 1019 Soc’y, 745, 746 Alfadda v. Fenn, 1111 Action Embroidery Corp. v. Atlantic Embroidery, Inc., Algodonera de las Cabezas, S.A. v. American Suisse 356, 696 Capital, Inc., 411 Acton Co. v. Bachman Foods, 152 Ali v. Rumsfeld, 569 Adair v. Lease Partners, Inc., 58 Allen v. McCurry, 1101, 1105 Adam v. J.B. Hunt Transp., Inc., 429, 474 Allen v. R & H Oil & Gas Co., 109 Adam v. Saenger, 229 Allen L. Wright Dev. Corp., United States v., 651 Adams v. Adams, 1110 Allendale Mut. Ins. Co. v. Bull Data Sys., Inc., 433 Adams v. Davison-Paxon Co., 429, 484 Allison v. Long, 704, 706 Adams v. Unione Mediterranea di Sicurta, 357 Allmerica Fin. Corp. v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyds, Addison Ins. Co. v. Knight, Hoppe, Kurnik & Knight, , 1053 L.L.C., 300 Allstate Ins. Co. v. Administratia Asigurarilor de Stat, Adelson v. Hananel, 418 1111 Ader v. Blau, 736 Allstate Ins. Co. v. Daniels, 712 Adickes v. S. H. Kress & Co., 944 Allstate Ins. Co. v. Hague, 245 Administaff, Inc. v. Kaster, 184, 199 Allstate Ins. Co. v. Herron, 1013 Admiral Ins. Co. v. Abshire, 173, 200 Allstate Ins. Co. v. Menards, Inc., 553 Adolph Rub Trust v. Rub, 976 Allstate Ins. Co. v. Valdez, 714 Advance Am. Servicing v. McGinnis, 106 Allsup v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 180 Advanced Magnetics, Inc. v. Bayfront Partners, Inc., All Underwriters v. Weisberg, 471 640 Alonso v. Line, 255, 282 Advanta Corp. Sec. Litig., In re, 608 Alpha Indus., Inc., In re, 926 Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co. v. Fernandez, 650 Alternative Pioneering Sys., Inc. v. Direct Innovative Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co. v. Ind-Com Elec. Co., 807 Prods., Inc., 387 Aetna Ins. Co. v. Chicago, Rock Island & Pac. R.R. Alternative Sys. Concepts, Inc. v. Synopsys, Inc., 608, Co., 108 1114 Af-Cap, Inc. v. Republic of Congo, 666 Alyeska Pipeline Serv. Co. v. Wilderness Soc’y, 13, African Dev. Co. v. Keene Eng’g, Inc., 269 493 African Methodist Episcopal Church, Inc. v. Ward, 939 Amalgamated Transit Union Local 1309, AFL-CIO v. Aftercare of Clark Cnty. v. Justice Court, 968 Laidlaw Transit Servs., Inc., 857 “Agent Orange” Prod. Liab. Litig., In re, 851 Amanda C. ex rel. Richmond v. Case, 1055 Agostini v. Felton, 1028 Ambassador Group Litig., In re, 805 Agran v. City of New York, 902 Ambrosia Coal & Const. Co. v. Pages Morales, 114 Aguilar v. Felton, 1027 Amchem Prods., Inc. v. Windsor, 846 Ahern v. Charter Twp., 139 AMEC Civil LLC v. Mitsubishi Int’l Corp., 1036, 1043

xxix xxx TABLE OF CASES

American Fam. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Savickas, 1070 Ashland Oil, Inc. v. Sonford Prods. Corp., 155 American Fire & Cas. Co. v. Finn, 176 Askew v. Sheriff of Cook Cnty., 770 American Honda Motor Co. v. Clair Int'l, Inc., 823 Askin v. District of Columbia, 1061 American Med. Sys., In re, 842 Aslanidis v. United States Lines, Inc., 633 American National Red Cross v. S.G., 58 Associated Transp. Line, Inc. v. Productos American Soda, LLP v. U.S. Filter Wastewater Group, Fitosanitarios Proficol El Carmen, S.A., 357 Inc., 171, 412 Astro-Med, Inc. v. Nihon Kohden Am., Inc., 404 American Standard Ins. Co. v. Rogers, 776 Atherton v. Casey, 818 American Sur. Co. v. Franciscus, 610 Atkinson v. B.C.C. Assocs., Inc., 156 American Type Culture Collection, Inc. v. Coleman, Atkinson v. Superior Court, 317 268 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. Buell, 593 American Water Dev. v. City of Alamosa, 1014 Atlantis Dev. Corp. v. United States, 811 American Well Works Co. v. Layne & Bowler Co., 82 Atlas Food Sys. & Servs., Inc. v. Crane Nat’l Vendors, Amerireach.com, LLC v.Walker, 1085 Inc., 812, 1113 Ameritas Inv. Corp. v. McKinney, 414 Atlas Global Group, L.P. v. Grupo Dataflux, 198 AmerMed Corp. v. Disetronic Holding AG, 429, 477 Atlas Roofing Co. v. Occupational Safety & Health Ammondson v. Northwestern Corp., 1053 Review Comm’n, 978 Amoche v. Guarantee Trust Life Ins. Co., 112 Aufderhar v. Data Dispatch, Inc., 972 AmSouth v. Dale, 198 Augustine v. Arizant, Inc., 1053 Andersen v. Monforton, 335 Aurora Loan Servs., Inc. v. Craddieth, 822 Anderson v. FDIC, 393 Autogenomics, Inc. v. Oxford Gene Tech., Ltd., 263 Anderson v. Hale, 874 Avco Corp. v. Aero Lodge No. 735, 166 Anderson v. LaVere, 1043 Averdick v. Republic Fin. Servs., Inc., 779 Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 944, 945 Avila v. Pappas, 154 Andresen v. Diorio, 545, 596 AXA Corporate Solutions v. Underwriters Reinsurance Andrew v. Clark, 343 Corp., 492, 549 Andrus v. Nicholson, 1035 Axel Johnson, Inc. v. Carroll Carolina Oil Co., 147 Angelou v. African Overseas Union, 310 Ayers v. Thompson, 842 Ankenbrandt v. Richards, 118, 121 Aylward v. Fleet Bank, 267 Anne Arundel County Bd. of Educ. v. Norville, 1107 Ayres v. Jacobs & Crumplar, P.A., 346 Anspec Co. v. Johnson Controls, Inc., 156 APC Commodity Corp. v. Ram Dis Ticaret A.S., 249 Baade v. Price, 346 Apostolic Pentecostal Church v. Colbert, 340 Bach v. Bagley, 1054 Apple, Inc., In re, 426 Bachman v. Bachman, 1039 Appleton Elec. Co. v. Advance-United Expressways, Bagley v. Hughes A. Bagley, Inc., 1045 858 Bailey v. Janssen Pharmaceutica, Inc., 188 Application of (see name of party) Bain v. Hofmann, 1081 Applied Chem. Magnesias Corp., In re, 375 Baird v. Celis, 547 Aqualon Co. v. MAC Equip., Inc., 170 Baird Oil Co. v. Idaho State Tax Comm’n, 1053 Aquatherm Indus., Inc. v. Florida Power & Light Co., Baker v. Citizens State Bank, 650, 651, 1099 Baker ex rel. Thomas v. Corp., 399, Aragon v. Aragon, 1055 432, 1089 Arbaugh v. Y & H Corp., 46 Baker’s Supermarkets, Inc. v. Feldman, 1014 Arbogast Family Trust v. River Crossings, L.L.C., 938 Ballew v. Georgia, 961 Arbuthnot v. State Auto. Ins. Ass'n, 863 Baltimore & Ohio R.R. Co. v. Mosele, 254 Arcadia Unified Sch. Dist. v. State Dep’t of Educ., Baltimore Ins. Co. v. M’Fadon, 701 1063, Baltrusch v. Baltrusch, 1033 Archer W. Contractors, Ltd. v. Benise-Dowling & Balzer v. Bay Winds Fed. Credit Union, 196 Assocs., Inc., 1088 Bank Brussels Lambert v. Credit Lyonnais (Suisse) Archuleta v. Lacuesta, 195 S.A., 789 Ard v. Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp., 109 Bank of Augusta v. Earle, 238 ARE Sikeston Ltd. P’hip v. Weslock Nat’l, Inc., 789 Bank of Okla., N.A. v. Tharaldson Motels, Inc., 432 Arena v. Graybar Elec. Co., 154 Bank of the United States v. Planters’ Bank, 57 Argent v. Office of Pers. Mgmt., 940 Bannister v. Commonwealth, 1059 Argus Real Estate, Inc. v. E-470 Pub. Highway Auth., Banque de la Mediterranee-, S.A. v. Thergen, 1080 Inc., 384 Arizona v. California, 1031 Barackman v. Anderson, 1055 Arizona v. United States Dist. Court, 851 Barber v. Barber, 119 Arizonans for Official English v. Arizona, 555 Barber v. Miller, 660 Armitage, In re, 1055 Barber v. Stephenson, 985 Armstrong v. Pomerance, 272 Barbour v. International Union, 188 Arnevik v. University of Minn. Bd. of Regents, 1036 Barclay v. Waters, 1077 Arnold v. Kimberly Quality Care Nursing Serv., 138, Barefoot Architect, Inc. v. Bunge, 719 775, 778 Baris v. Sulpicio Lines, Inc., 196 Arrowsmith v. United Press Int’l, 365, 491 Barnes v. Atlantic & Pac. Life Ins. Co., 555 Arthur v. Maersk, Inc., 636 Barnes v. Prince George’s Cnty., 636 Asahi Metal Indus. Co. v. Superior Court, 274, 282 Barron v. Ford Motor Co. of Can., 548 Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 526, 600 Barrow v. Wethersfield Police Dep’t, 637 Asher v. Unarco Material Handling, Inc., 641 Bar-Tec, Inc. v. Akrouche, 1105 TABLE OF CASES xxxi

Bartel v. FAA, 693 Bickford v. Onslow Mem’l Hosp. Found., Inc., 302 Bartle v. Capy, 400 Bigalk v. Federal Land Bank Ass’n, 651 Bartlett v. Knight, 210 Bils v. Bils, 302 Barton v. Barnett, 210 Bingaman v. Department of Treasury, 1062 Base Metal Trading, Ltd. v. OJSC “Novokuznetsy Biodiversity Conservation Alliance v. Stem, 954 Aluminum Factory,” 357 Bissell v. Briggs, 214, 215 Baskin v. City of Des Plaines, 636 Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Fed. Bureau Bass v. Energy Transp. Corp., 404 of Narcotics, 60 Bass v. First Pac. Networks, Inc., 541 B.J., In re, 229 Bastien v. R. Rowland & Co., 651 Blackmer v. United States, 235 Bates v. C & S Adjusters, Inc., 384, 389 Blackmon Auctions, Inc. v. Van Buren Truck Ctr., Inc., Bath & Kitchen Fixtures Antitrust Litig., In re, 949 802 Batson v. Kentucky, 962 Blair v. Equifax Check Servs., Inc., 860 Bauer v. Ohio Adult Parole Auth., 637 Blaney v. West, 345 Bauman v. DiamlerChrysler Corp., 264 Blethen v. West Dep’t of Revenue, 1046 Bautista v. Los Angeles County, 591 Blockowicz v. Williams, 1076 Bay Cnty. Middlegrounds Landfill Site, In re, 926 Blount County Bank v. Barnes, 48 Baylor Univ. Med. Ctr., United States v., 641 Blue Chip Stamps v. Manor Drug Stores, 658 Baypack Fisheries, L.L.C. v. Nelbro Packing Co., 418 Blue Cross & Blue Shield, Inc. v. Philip Morris, Inc., Bay State HMO Mgmt., Inc. v. Tingley Sys., Inc., 1032 548 B. Braun Med. Inc. v. Abbott Labs., 915, 916 Blue Dane Simmental Corp. v. American Simmental Beacon Theatres, Inc. v. Westover, 968, 1017 Ass’n, 718 Beahm v. 7-Eleven, Inc., 1077, 1109 Bluegrass Hosiery, Inc. v. Speizman Indus., Inc., 704, Beal ex rel. Martinez v. City of Seattle, 640 705 Beal v. Missouri Pac. R.R. Corp., 482 BNSF Ry. Co. v. O’Dea, 44 Beane v. Dailey, 346 BNY, In re, 1055 Bearry v. Beech Aircraft Corp., 287 Board of Comm’rs v. Aspinwall, 463 Beaven v. McAnulty, 415 Board of Educ. v. Gray, 1066 Becher v. Contoure Labs., Inc., 1100, 1101 Boardman Petroleum, Inc. v. Federated Mut. Ins. Co., Becherer v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, 474 1077, 1079 Boddie v. Connecticut, 12 Beck, Ex parte, 1043 Bodenner v. Graves, 156 Beebe v. Fountain Lake Sch. Dist., 1054 Boeken v. Philip Morris USA, Inc., 1042 Beechwood Restorative Care Ctr. v. Leeds, 1059 Bolden v. City of Topeka, 350 Beeman v. Anthem Prescription Mgmt., LLC, 553 Bolin v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 539, 1020 B. Fernandez & HNOS, Inc. v. Kellogg USA, Inc., 812 Bomar v. Moser, 948 Beggarly, United States v., 1027 Boone v. Citigroup, 169 Bel-Bel Int’l Corp. v. Community Bank, 96 Boosey & Hawkes Music Publishers, Ltd. v. Walt Belizan v. Hershon, 608 Disney Co., 741 Bell v. United Cities Gas Co., 90 Booth v. Mary Carter Paint Co., 953 Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 526, 597, 598, 658 Borden v. Allstate Ins. Co., 169 Bellum v. PCE Constructors, Inc., 367 Bordner v. FDIC, 631 B.E.L.T., Inc. v. Wachovia Corp., 557 Borough of W. Mifflin v. Lancaster, 156, 181, 184 Benchmark Elecs., Inc. v. J.M. Huber Corp., 608 Boschetto v. Hansing, 327 Beneficial Nat’l Bank v. Anderson, 164, 167 Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union, 712 Bennett v. Southwest Airlines Co., 67 Bossian v. Anderson, 1035 Bennun v. Rutgers State Univ., 1043 Boston v. Titan Indem. Co., 115 Bensel v. Allied Pilots Ass’n, 626 Botefuhr, United States v., 694 Benson v. SI Handing Sys., Inc., 192 Bourbon v. Kmart Corp., 486 Bensusan Restaurant Corp. v. King, 255, 256, 327 Bowden v. Phillips Petroleum Co., 1077 Berger Instruments, Inc. v. Northwest Instruments, Inc., Bower v. Harrah’s Laughlin, Inc., 1077 692 Bowles v. Russell, 41 Bergemann v. Rhode Island Dep’t of Envtl. Mgmt., 162 Bowling v. Hasbro, Inc., 350 Bergeron v. Boyle, 374 Bowling v. Kentucky Dep’t of Corrections, 1036 Berk v. Ascoll Inv. Corp., 614 Bowles v. Russell, 1023 Berkla v. Corel Corp., 954 Boyd v. University of Md. Med. Sys., 909 Berkson v. Lepome, 1045 Boyd Rosene & Assocs. v. Kansas Mun. Gas Agency, Bernhard v. Bank of Am. Nat’l Trust & Sav. Ass’n, 471 1069 Boyer, State ex rel. Rosenfeld v., 53 Bernhard v. Whitney Nat’l Bank, 166 Boyle v. American Auto Serv., 525, 526 Bernhardt v. Polygraphic Co. of Am., 552 BP Chems. Ltd. v. Formosa Chem. & Fibre Corp., 357 Berthiaume v. McCormack, 1056 Brach & Broch Confections, Inc. v. Redmond, 548 Berube v. Brister, 384 Braden v. Gulf Coast Lumber Co., 701 Betancourt Torres v. Puerto Rico Elec. Power Auth., Bradford Nat’l Life Ins. Co. v. Union State Bank, 101 824 Bradgate Assocs., Inc. v. Fellows, Read & Assocs., Bethell v. Demaret, 469 Inc., 200 Betty K Agencies, Ltd. v. M/V Monada, 350, 951 Bradley Ventures, Inc. v. Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co., Bianca v. Parke-Davis Pharm. Div., 115 1054 Bicicletas Windsor, S.A. v. Bicycle Corp. of Am., 404 Brady v. Capital Group, Inc., 395 xxxii TABLE OF CASES

Bramdt v. American Bankers Ins. Co., 939 Cabalceta v. Standard Fruit Co., 96 Bravo v. United States, 553 Cabrera v. Lawlor, 636 Bremer v. Weeks, 1055 Cahaly v. Benistar Prop. Exch. Trust Co., Inc., 666, Breckenridge v. Midlands Roofing Co., 991 671 Breckenridge Pharm., Inc. v. Metabolite Labs., Inc., Caisse v. DuBois, 345 311 Calabro v. Aniqa Halal Live Poultry Corp., 200 Breliant v. Preferred Equities Corp., 614 Calcote v. Texas Pac. Coal & Oil Co., 760 Brereton v. Bountiful City Corp., 54, 525, 951, 1040 Calder v. Jones, 270, 285, 301, 321, 389 Brickwood Contractors, Inc. v. Datanet Eng’g, Inc., California Advocates for Nursing Home Reform v. 660, 661 Creekside Care Convalescent Hosp., Inc., 382 Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., In re, 838, 849 California Pub. Employees’ Retirement Sys. v. Feltzan, Brierly v. Alusiusse Flexible Packaging, Inc., 191 1014 Brigham Young Univ. v. Tremco Consultants, Inc., Callie v. Bowling, 1007 1077 Calomiris v. Calomiris, 1041 Brill v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 112 Cameco Indus., Inc. v. Louisiana Cane Mfg., Inc., 717 Brink v. First Credit Res., 636 Canaday v. Kotch, 392 Brinkerhoff v. Home Trust & Sav. Bank, 1058 Candlewood Timber Group, LLC v. Pan Am. Energy, Brito v. Ryan, 1084 LLC, 375 Broadcast Satellite Int’l, Inc. v. National Digital Televi- Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co., 412 sion Ctr., Inc., 499 Cappuccitti v. DirecTV, Inc., 113 Brockman v. Merabank, 184 Caprin v. Simon Transp. Servs., Inc., 639 Brockmeyer v. May, 346 Capron v. Van Noorden, 47 Broom v. Board of Supervisors, 48 Carbon Dioxide Indus. Antitrust Litig., In re, 431 Brother Int’l Corp. v. Southeastern Sales Co., 53 Carden v. Arkoma Assocs., 92 Brother Records, Inc. v. Jardine, 1104 Carelli v. Lyter, 973 Brown v. Brown, 1089 Carlson v. Clark, 1036 Brown v. Pine Bluff Nursing Home, 1080 Carlucci v. United States, 147 Brown v. Rahman, 1080 Camacho v. Texas Workforce Comm’n, 561 Brown v. Shaner, 637 Canada Life Assurance Co. v. LaPeter, 493, 542 Brown v. Shredex, Inc., 793 Cardizem CD Antitrust Litig., In re, 672 Brown v. Singleton, 1034 Carlsbad Tech. v. HIF Bio, Inc., 198 Brown v. Ticor Title Ins. Co., 858 Carnegie-Mellon University v. Cohill, 177, 199 Brown v. Tokio Marine & Fire Ins. Co., 191 Carnival Cruise Lines v. Shute, 412 Brown v. Western Ry., 563, 571 Carolina Cas. Ins. Co. v. Mares, 798, 800 Bruce, Estate of v. City of Middletown, 789 Carpenter v. Strange, 224, 227 Brunner v. Hampson, 256 Carroll v. Carroll’s Lessee, 450, 457 Bryan v. Associated Container Transp., 631 Carson v. Davidson, 1045 Bryant v. Avado Brands, Inc., 608 Cartesian Broad. Network, Inc. v. Robeco USA, 1056 Bryant v. Britt, 665 Case of the Marshalsea, 45 Bryant v. Ford Motor Co., 168 Casey v. Federal Deposit Ins. Corp., 164 Brzozowski v. Correctional Physician Servs., Inc., 626 Casey Pure Milk Co. v. Booth Fisheries Co., 735 Buckman v. United Mine Workers, 43 Cass County Joint Water Res. Dist. v. 1.43 Acres of Buckner v. Kennard, 1055 Land, 246 Buechel v. Bain, 1080 Castano v. American Tobacco Co., 846 Buis v. Elliott, 1084 Caterpillar Inc. v. Lewis, 86, 197 Bullard v. City of Cisco, 106 Caterpillar, Inc. v. Sturman Indus., Inc., 166, 961 Bullock v. Barham, 147 Caterpillar Inc. v. Williams, 167 Burch v. Bricker, 479 Catlin v. United States, 1018 Burchett v. Bardahl Oil Co., 1019 Catz v. Chalker, 119 Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 265, 266, 270, 291, Caudle v. American Arbitration Ass’n, 106 308, 316 Cedant Corp. Sec. Litig., In re, 471, 481 Burke v. Deere & Co., 985 Cehic v. Mack Molding, Inc., 946 Burke v. Quartey, 421 Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 946 Burlington Ditch Reservoir & Land Co. v. Metro Cement Antitrust Litig., In re, 851 Wastewater Reclamation Dist., 1057 Cendant Corp. v. Forbes, 481, 498 Burlington N.R.R. v. Strong, 714 Central Office Tel. v. American Tel. & Tel. Co., 499 Burlington N.R.R. v. Woods, 514, 520 Central States, Southeast & Southwest Areas Pension Burlington N. Santa Fe Ry. Co., In re, 195 Fund v. Reimer Express World Corp., 348 Burnham v. Humphrey Hosp. REIT Trust, Inc., 509 Central W. Va. Energy Co. v. Mountain State Carbon, Burnham v. Superior Court, 229, 249, 262, 298, 312, LLC, 91 318, 319, 359, 722, 799 Certain Interested Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, Burns v. Anderson, 101 Eng. v. Layne, 744 Burr & Forman v. Blair, 198 Chamberlain v. Giampapa, 546 Bushong, State ex rel. Smilack v., 48 Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 492 Business Guides, Inc. v. Chromatic Comm’ns Enters., Chan v. Korean Airlines, Ltd., 427, 428 Inc., 519, 652, 727 Channel v. Citicorp Nat’l Servs., Inc., 713, 717 Butcher v. Hildreth, 768 Channel v. Loyacono, 1076 Byrd v. Blue Ridge Rural Elec. Coop., Inc., 484, 510, Charleston Area Med. Ctr. v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield 985 Mut., Inc., 985 TABLE OF CASES xxxiii

Chauffeurs, Teamsters & Helpers Local No. 391 v. Cobra Partners L.P. v. Liegl, 392 Terry, 980 Coca-Cola Co. v. Harmar Bottling Co., 561 Chemtall, Inc.,State ex rel. v. Madden, 839 Coday, In re, 1077 Cheshire Nat’l Bank v. Jaynes, 228 Cohen v. Beneficial Indus. Loan Corp., 503, 510, 517, Chesterfield Village, Inc. v. City of Chesterfield, 1044 1021 Chew v. Dietrich, 357 Cohen v. Office Depot, Inc., 544, 545 Chicago & Alton R.R. v. Wiggins Ferry Co., 212 Cohen v. United States Dist. Court, 833 Chicot Cty. Drainage Dist. v. Baxter State Bank, 313 Cohen v. Virginia Elec. & Power Co., 651 Chiepalich v. Coale, 1036 Colagrovanni v. District Ct., 48 Childs v. Eltinge, 376 Colbert v. City of , 634 Chin v. LLC, 471 Colby v. Umbrella, 605 China Trade & Dev. Corp. v. M.V. Choong Yong, 432 Coleman v. American Export Isbrandtsen Lines, Inc., Chloe v. Queen Bee, LLC, 327 367 Choi v. Kim, 1110 Coleman v. Milwaukee Bd. of Sch. Dirs., 350 Choice Healthcare, Inc. v. Kaiser Found. Health Plan, Coles v. Granville, State ex rel., 1036, 1041 263 Colgrove v. Battin, 981 Choice Hotels Int’l, Inc. v. Bonham, 184 College of Dental Surgeons v. Connecticut Gen. Life Choice Hotels Int’l, Inc. v. Shiv Hospitality, L.L.C., Ins. Co., 197 101 Collegesource, Inc. v. Academyone, Inc., 303 Chouest v. American Airlines, Inc., 779 Collier v. Harvey, 713 Christian v. Mattel, Inc., 655 Collins v. D.R. Horton, Inc., 1042 Christian v. Sizemore, 1054 Collini v. Wean United, Inc., 786 Christensen v. Grant Cnty. Hosp. Dist. No. 1, 1055 Collins v. Wayland, 901 Christianson v. Colt Indus. Operating Corp., 68 Colonial Penn Ins. Co. v. American Centennial Ins. Christianson ex rel. Christianson v. Educational Serv. Co., 819 Unit No. 16, 591 Colorado River Water Conservation Dist. v. United Christopher v. Brusselback, 830 States, 492, 557 CIBC Mellon Trust Co. v. Mora Hotel Corp. N.V., 233 Color Tile, In re, 633 Ciena Corp. v. Jarrard, 361 Colvin v. Story Cnty. Bd. of Review, 1038 Cincinnati Ins. Co. v. Flanders Elec. Motor Serv., Inc., Comeau v. Rupp, 610 554 Commercial Union Ins. Co. v. Pelchat, 1079 Cirillo Bros. Petroleum Co. v. Kyne Realty Corp., 376 Commercial Union Ins. Co. v. United States, 76, 800, Cities Serv. Oil Co. v. Dunlap, 485, 509, 987 802, 806 Citizens Ins. Co. of Am. v. Daccach, 839, 840, 1077 Commissioner v. Estate of Bosch, 552 Citron v. Armstrong World Indus., Inc., 610 Community State Bank v. Strong, 76 City Bank Farmers Trust Co. v. Hoey, 941 Compass Bank v. Snow, 836 City of Chic. v. International College of Surgeons, 136, Compaq Computer Corp. v. Lapray, 839, 844 167 CompuServe, Inc. v. Patterson, 323 City of Davenport v. Dows, 861 Computer Aid, Inc. v. Hewlett-Packard Co., 475 City of Houston v. Hill, 555 Computer One, Inc. v. Grisham & Lawless P.A., 713 City of Johnson v. Christenson, 1057, 1059 Comshare, Inc. Sec. Litig., In re, 608 City of Merced v. Fields, 350 Com/Tech Communication Techs., Inc. v. Wireless City of Mobile, In re, 156, 184 Data Sys., Inc., 729 City of Monterey v. Del Monte Dunes, Ltd., 980 Concord Boat Corp. v. Brunswick Corp., 905 City of New Orleans v. Municipal Admin. Servs., Inc., Conglis v. Radcliffe, 1093 171 Congram v. Giella, 779 City of New York v. Welsbach Elec. Corp., 1034, Conley v. Gibson, 592, 595, 598 1035, 1051 Connecticut v. Doehr, 678 City of Saint Paul v. Evans, 626 Connectu LLC v. Zuckerberg, 86 City of San Francisco v. Hartford Life Ins. Co., 138 Conner, United States ex rel. v. Salina Reg. Health City of Wichita, In re, 1055 Ctr., Inc., 510, 642 Clark v. Container Corp. of Am., 981 Consolidated Dev. Corp. v. Sherritt, Inc., 357 Clark Cnty. Sch. Dist. v. Richardson Constr., Inc., 618 Continental Bank, N.A. v. Meyer, 622, 724 Clark v. Matthews Int’l Corp., 100 Continental Trend Res., Inc. v. OXY USA, Inc., 499 Clark v. Sarasota Cnty. Pub. Hosp. Bd., 547 Convertible Rowing Exerciser Patent Litig., In re, 631 Clark v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 835 Cook v. Randolph Cnty., 188 Clark v. United Parcel Serv., Inc., 661 Cook v. Welty, 884 Clarke v. Clarke, 224, 227, 314 Coolidge, United States v., 456 Clark’s Ex’rs v. Van Riemsdyk, 446 Coomer v. CSX Transp., Inc., 1034 Clausen v. M/V New Carissa, 481 Coons v. Indus. Knife Co., 631, 635 Clay v. Weber, 1030 Cooper v. Amerada Hess Corp., 371 Clearfield Trust Co. v. United States, 566 Cooper v. Chevron U.S.A., 371 Cleland v. Tavernier, 219 Cooper v. Reynolds, 219 Clemens v. McNamee, 303 Coopers & Lybrand v. Livesay, 1022 Cleveland v. Policy Mgmt. Sys. Corp., 1115 Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx Corp., 519, 652, 663 Cliff v. Payco Gen. Am. Credits, Inc., 640 Copeland v. Penske Logistics L.L.C., 145 Cloverleaf Realty, Inc. v. Town of Wawayanda, 560 Copiah Med. Assocs. v. Mississippi Baptist Health C.L. Ritter Lumber Co. v. Consolidation Coal Co., Sys., 709 1013 Corley v. Rosewood Care Ctr., Inc., 664 xxxiv TABLE OF CASES

Corporate Waste Alternatives, Inc. v. McLane Cumber- D’Arcy v. Ketchum, 214, 297, 1093 land, Inc., 310 Darrah v. Watson, 228 Correspondent Servs. Corp. v. First Equities Corp., 106 Darulis, Estate of v. Garate, 342, 343 Cort v. Ash, 568 Dashman v. Peter Letterese & Assocs., Inc., 392 Cortez Byrd Chips, Inc. v. Bill Harbert Constr. Co., Data Specialties, Inc. v. Transcontinental Ins. Co., 553 410 Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharm., Inc., 993 Costello v. United States, 951, 1040 Davenport v. Hubbard, 701 Cotroneo v. Shaw Env’t & Infrastructure, Inc., 60 David v. Showtime/Movie Channel, Inc., 834 Cott v. Peppermint Twist Mgmt. Co., 982 David Lupton & Sons Co. v. Automobile Club of Am., Cotton v. South Dakota ex rel. South Dakota Dep’t of 483, 750 Soc. Servs., 184 Davidson v. Farrell, 217 Cotton Bros. Baking Co. v. Industrial Risk Insurers, Davies Precision Machining, Inc. v. Defense Logistics 609 Agency, 404 Council of Co-Owners for Lakeshore Resort v. Glyneu, Davis v. HSBC Bank Nev. N.A., 856 LLC, 1067 Davis v. Lowery, 711 Council of Unit Owners of Wisp Condo., Inc. v. Recre- Davis v. Merck & Co., Inc., 193 ational Indus., Inc., 147 Davis v. Morganti Nat’l, Inc., 117 County of Santa Fe v. Public Serv. Co., 950 Davis Int’l, LLC v. New Start Group Corp., 55 County of Sutter v. Davis, 980 Davis v. Ruby Foods, Inc., 590, 613 Courtney v. Glanvil, 29 Day v. McDonough, 619 Coventry Sewage Assocs. v. Dworkin Realty Co., 102 Day & Zimmermann, Inc. v. Challoner, 470 Craig v. United States, 639 Daynard v. Ness, Motley, Loadholt, Richardson & Crane v. Carr, 256 Poole, P.A., 265 Crawford v. American Bankers Ins. Co., 106, 108 Dayton Monetary Assocs. v. Donaldson, Lufkin, & Crawford v. F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., 109 Jenrette Sec. Corp., 640, 641 Crawford-El v. Britton, 596 D.B. Zwirn Special Opportunities Fund, L.P. v. CRB v. Wyoming Dep’t of Family Servs., 345 Mehrotra, 92 Crees, State v., 974 De Asencio v. Tyson Foods, Inc., 156 Crichton, Estate of, In re, 317 Dearmore v. City of Garland, 954 Crockett v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 168 Dee-K Enters., Inc. v. Heveafil Sdn. Bhd., 346 Cromwell v. County of Sac, 1054, Deflon v. Sawyers, 1081 Cropp v. Woleslagel, 885 Deloitte Noraudit A/S v. Deloitte Haskins & Sells, 92 Crosby v. City of Gastonia, 156 Dellefratte v. Estate of Dellefratte, 1039 Crowder v. American Eagle Airlines, Inc., 1080 Delta Air Lines, Inc. v. August, 352, 641, 954 Crowe v. Bolduc, 1113 Democratic Republic of Congo v. FG Hemisphere Crowe v. Mullin, 631 Assocs., LLC, 622 Crowell v. Benson, 5 Dennery v. Commonwealth Dep’t of Transp., 1089 Crown Life Ins. Co. v. Harris Bank Hinsdale, 155 Dennis M. Garberg & Assocs., Inc. v. Pack-Tech Int’l Cruz v. City of Camden, 631, 633 Corp., 1085 Cruz v. Louisiana ex rel. Dep’t of Pub. Safety, 350 Denny Wiekhorst Equip., Inc . v. Tri-State Outdoor CSX Transp., Inc. v. City of Garden City, 556 Media Group, Inc., 1055 C. Sys., Inc. v. McGee, 1034 Denny’s, Inc. v. Cake, 356 Cudahy Junior Chamber of Commerce v. Quick, 6 Denver & Rio Grande W. R.R. Co. v. Brotherhood of Cuevas v. BAC Home Servicing, L.P., 169 R.R. Trainmen, 406, 863 Cullen v. Auto-Owners Ins. Co., 605 Department of Human Servs. v. Shelnut, 1086, 1110 Cummings v. Connell, 841 Department of Revenue v. Jarvenpaa, 980 Cunningham v. Hamilton Cnty., 1021 Deretich v. City of St. Francis, 651 Curry v. U.S. Bulk Transp., Inc., 200 DeRienzo v. Harvard Indus., Inc., 631 Cupola Golf Course, Inc. v. Dooley, 1044 Desanctis v. Hastings, 631 Curtis v. Loether, 978 DES Cases, In re, 285, 307 Cybersell, Inc. v. Cybersell, Inc., 324 DesMarais v. Desjardins, 966 Destfino v. Reiswig, 188 Dahl v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 190 Detroit Edison Co. v. Mich. Dep’t of Envtl. Quality, Dairy Queen, Inc. v. Wood, 972, 974, 1017 136 Dakota Indus., Inc. v. Dakota Sportswear, Inc., 302, Development Fin. Corp. v. Alpha Hous. & Health Care, 354, 361, 404 Inc., 822 Dakota Plains AG Ctr., LLC v. Smithey, 1035 Dever v. Hentzen Coatings, Inc., 275 Dakota Title & Escrow Co. v. World-Wide Steel Sys., DeVille, In re, 654 Inc., 1048 Devlin v. Scardelletti, 1014 Dakuras v. Edwards, 746 Diamler Chrysler Corp. v. Cuno, 126 Daleus v. Kovelesky, 390 Diamond Crystal Brands, Inc. v. Food Movers Int’l, Dallas Sales Co., Inc. v. Carlisle Silver Co., 1116 Inc., 256 D’Amato v. Rhode Island Hosp. Trust Nat’l Bank, 100 Diamond R. Fertilizer Co. v. Lake Packing P’ship, Daniel v. American Board of Emergency Medicine, 1110 390 Diaz Irizarry v. Ennia, N.V., 609 Daniels v. Board of Trustees of the Herington Mun. Dice v. Akron, Canton & Youngstown R.R. Co., 563, Hosp., 156 570 Daniels v. Hadley Mem. Hosp., 875, 910 Dick v. New York Life Ins. Co., 985 Danjaq, S.A. v. Pathe Comm’ns Corp., 96 Dickens v. Associated Anesthesiologists, P.C., 1040 TABLE OF CASES xxxv

Dickerson v. Dickerson, 1030 Eastus v. Blue Bell Creameries, 184 Dieter v. MFS Telecom, Inc., 778 Eaton v. Weaver Mfg. Co., 1058 Digital Equip. Corp. v. Desktop Direct, Inc., 1021 Ebrahimi v. City of Huntsville Bd. of Educ., 1018 Dillinger v. Caterpillar, Inc., 548 E.C. v. Katz, 1067 Dindo v. Whitney, 1050 Eckard v. Eckard, 225 Director of the Office of State Lands & Invs. v. Eckert v. Lane, 651 Merbanco, Inc., 75 Ed & Fred, Inc. v. Puritan Marine Ins. Underwriters DirecTV, Inc. v. Leto, 774 Corp., 93 DirecTV v. Loussaert, 774 Edmondson & Gallagher v. Alban Towers Tenants Dimick v. Schiedt, 1113 Ass’n, 157 Discover Bank v. Vaden, 736 Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Co., 962 Dispensa v. University State Bank, 335 Edward J. Moriarty & Co. v. General Tire & Rubber District of Columbia v. Gould, 1069 Co., 363 Divane v. Krull Elec. Co., 662 Edwards v. HOVENSA, LLC, 552 Diven v. Amalgamated Transit Union Int’l, 157 Edwards v. United States Dep’t of Justice, 170 Dixon v. Pouncy, 1062 EEOC v. Pemco Aeroplex, Inc., 1079 Dobiecki v. Palacios, 180 Efaw v. Williams, 351 Doe v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield United, 739 Efstathiou v. Efstathiou, 1051 Doe v. Cassel, 596 Eggleton v. Plasser & Theurer Export Von Doe v. Exxon Mobil Corp., 1021 Bahnbaumaschinen Gesellschaft, 429 Doe v. FBI, 739 Eggleston, State v., 1055, 1057 Doe v. Hersemann, 902 E. Howard St. Clair & Assocs., Inc. v. Northwest Doe, In re, 645 Carpets, Inc., 1086 Doe v. Neal, 148 Ehrenfeld v. Mahfouz, 257 Doe v. Tobias, 1064 Eicher v. Mid Am. Fin. Inv. Corp., 1040 Doe v. Unocal Corp., 348, 357 Eisen v. Carlisle & Jacquelin, 841 Doherty, State v., 1055 Eison v. McCoy, 637 Doleac ex rel. Doleac v. Michalson, 168 Elbaor v. Smith, 953 Doles v. State, 1057 Elb-Mattison, Inc. v. M/V Kosciuszko, 156 Donatelli v. National Hockey League, 287, 1019 Elko Cnty. , In re, 170 Don Docksteader Motors Ltd. v. Patal Enters., Ltd., Ellingson v. Walgreen Co., 541 1112 Elliott v. Roach, 53 D’Orange v. Feely, 342 Ellis v. All Steel Constr., Inc., 150 Dorrance v. Lee, 1058 Elwell v. Elwell, 1057 Dorsey Trailers, Inc., Ex parte, 37 Elysium Inst., Inc. v. County of Los Angeles, 1062 Dosdourian v. Carsten, 953 Emerald Investors Trust v. Gaunt Parsippany Partners, Double “S” Truck Line, Inc. v. Frozen Food Express, 92 343 Emerick v. Emerick, 1058 Dougherty v. Matthews, 48 Emerson Power Transmission Corp. v. Roller Bearing Douglas v. E.G. Baldwin & Assocs., 63 Co. of Am., 139 Doulson v. Matthews, 373 Empire Healthchoice Assurance, Inc. v. McVeigh, 64, Dowling v. Finley Assocs., Inc., 1057 567 Dragor Shipping Corp. v. Union Tank Co., 723 Employee Painters’ Trust v. Ethan Enters., Inc., 614 Drames v. Melgreva Co. Maritima, S.A., 367 Employers Mut. Cas. Co. v. Bartile Roofs, Inc., 300 Dresser Indus., Inc. v. Underwriters at Lloyd’s, 93 England v. Louisiana Bd. of Med. Exam’rs, 1103 DTEX, L.L.C. v. BBVA Bancomer, S.A., 489 Engle v. Liggett Group, Inc., 1077 Dual & Assocs., Inc. v. Wells, 1067 Engstrom v. Hornseth, 93, Dubicz v. Commonwealth Edison Co., 1018 Ensco Offshore Int’l Co., In re, 415 Dubin v. City of Philadelphia, 240 Entergy Miss., Inc. v. Burdette Gin Co., 124 Duckworth v. Medical Electro-Therapeutics, Inc., 354 Enterprise Mortgage Acceptance Co. Sec. Litig., In re, Dudnikov v. Chalk & Vermillion Fine Arts, Inc., 302 636 Duha v. Agrium, Inc., 418 Enviro Response v. Marcus, 406 Dunkin Donuts S.P. Approval, In re, 1044 Epstein v. MCA, Inc., 1098 Dunn v. Cometa, 118 Erickson v. Pardus, 597 Dura Pham., Inc. v. Broudo, 658 Ericsson GE Mobile Commc’ns v. Motorola Durdahl v. National Safety Assocs., Inc., 412 Commc’ns, Inc., 105 Durfee v. Duke, 224, 225, 313 Erie R.R. v. Tompkins, 443, 454, 462, 463, 472, 478 Durham v. Lockheed Martin Corp., 200 Eriline Co. v. Johnson, 619 Durrett v. John Deere Co., 779 Erlanger Mills, Inc. v. Cohoes Fibre Mills, Inc., 274 Dusenbery v. United States, 334 Ersek v. Township of Springfield, 595 Dyer v. MacDougall, 989 Erwin v. City of Dallas, 774 Dykes v. Sukup Mfg. Co., 1038 ESAB Group, Inc. v. Centricut, Inc., 356, 358, 369, Dynegy Midstream Servs., LP v. Trammochem, 903 769 Espinal-Dominguez v. Puerto Rico, 1022 Ear, Nose & Throat Group, P.C. v. Stanescu, 1079 Esposito v. United States, 737 Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image Tech. Servs., Inc., 947 Estate of (see name of party) Eastman v. Marine Mech. Corp., 66 Esquilin-Mendoza v. Don King Productions, 100 Eastman v. Union Pacific R.R. Co., 1116 Estes v. Titus, 1054 East Miss. State Hosp. v. Adams, 622 Estin v. Estin, 245, 318 xxxvi TABLE OF CASES

Evans v. Evans, 6 Flaherty v. Muther, 1079 Evans v. Walter Indus., Inc., 855 F.L. Crane & Sons v. Malouf Constr. Corp., 412 Everett v. Verizon Wireless, Inc., 140 Fleck v. Cablevision VII, Inc., 640 Evergreens, The v. Nunan, 1063 Fleet, In re, 1045 Evert v. Finn, 786 Fleet v. Sanguine, Ltd., 974 Excell, Inc. v. Sterling Boiler & Mech., Inc., 171 Fleming Cos. v. Hope Plaza, Inc., 789 Executive Software N. Am., Inc. v. United States Flexner v. Farson, 240 District Court, 157 Flood v. Katz, 1027 Exotics Hawaii-Kona, Inc. v. E.I. Dupont De Nemours Florida ex rel. Shevin v. Exxon Corp., 555 & Co., 1055, 1070 Focus Media Inc., In re, 346 Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Allapattah Servs., Inc., 111, 139, Fogle v. Ramsey Winch Co., 256, 387 728, 779 Food Lion, Inc. v. United Food & Commercial Workers Exxon Valdez, In re, 465 Int’l Union, 873 Ex parte (see name of party) Ford, In re, 926 Ford Motor Co., In re, 920 Factors Etc., Inc. v. Pro Arts, Inc., 558 Ford Motor Co./Citibank (S.D.), N.A., In re, 106, 109 Fafel v. DiPaola, 150 Ford Motor Credit Co., Ex parte, 1056 Fagin v. Gilmartin, 541 Ford Motor Credit Co. v. Jones, 173 Faigin v. Kelly, 1067 Forsyth Cnty. v. Martin, 1053 Fairchild v State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 779 Foster v. Chesapeake Ins. Co., 171 Fall v. Eastin, 224, 227, 399 Fountain v. Black, 779 Fall v. Fall, 226 Fournier v. Cas. Co., 1077 Farha v. Signal Cos., 377 Fowler v. Curtis Publ’g Co., 609 Farina v. Nokia, Inc., 173 Fowler v. Vineyard, 1049, 1083 Farmer v. Levenson, 428, 951, 1040 Fox v. Mandelbaum, 116 Farmer v. Perrill, 1021 Fox v. Maulding, 1033, 1099 Farmer v. South Dakota Dep’t of Rev., 1039 Foy v. Schantz, Schatzman & Aaronson, P.A., 93 Farmers Cooperative Ass’n v. Amsden, LLC, 705 Fraley v. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. Co., 363, 363 Faulkner v. Caledonia County Fair Ass’n, 1036 Franceskin v. Credit Suisse, 121 Fauntleroy v. Lum, 1096 Franchise Tax Board v. Construction Laborers Vaca- FDIC v. Abraham, 552 tion Trust, 77 Federal Hous. Adm’r v. Christianson, 772, Free v. Abbott Labs., 136, 138, 779 Federated Dep’t Stores, Inc. v. Moitie, 71 Freed v. Erie Lackawanna Ry. Co., 928 Feifer Indus., In re, 789 Freedom Nat’l Bank v. Northern Ill. Corp., 616 Felch v. Transportes Lar-Mex SA de CV, 298 Freeland v. Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 99 Felder v. Casey, 571, Freeman v. Burlington Broadcasters, Inc., 71 Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc., 980 Freeman v. Complex Computing Co., 1022 Felzen v. Andreas, 1014 Freeman v. Heiderich, 662 Ferens v. John Deere Co., 425, 472 Freer v. Mayer, 156 Ferguson v. Security Life Ins. Co., 193 Frett-Smith v. Vanterpool, 93 Ferrell v. Allstate Ins. Co., 838 Freund v. Nycomed Amersham, 542 Ferrell v. Express Check Advance, LLC, 92 Freund Equip., Inc. v. Fox, 346 Ferrell v. West Bend Mut. Ins. Co., 471 Friedman v. New York Life Ins. Co., 110 Fessler v. Love & Powell, 701 Frost v. Mischer, 973 Fidel v. Farley, 1014 Fuentes v. Shevin, 677 Fidelity Union Trust Co. v. Field, 552 Fulford v. Transport Servs. Co., 190 Fielder v. Credit Acceptance Corp., 713 Fullin v. Martin, 182 Fielding v. Hubert Burda Media, Inc., 304 Funkhouser v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 157 Figueiredo Ferraz E Engenharia de Projeto Ltda. v. Republic of Peru, 419 G-1 Holdings, Inc. v. Reliance Ins. Co., 1115 Filbotte v. Truck Lines, Inc., 1113 Gabbanelli Accordions & Imports, L.L.C. v. Finley v. United States, 126, 128, 129, 131, 134, 135, Gabbanelli, 1110 137, 774, 802, 814 Gabbert, State ex rel. St. Louis Boiler & Equip. Co. v., Finley Lines Joint Protective Bd. Unit 200 v. Norfolk S. 52 Corp., 949 Gage v. Bulkeley, 204, 205 Fiore v. Walden, 302, 391 Galbraith v. Neville, 205 Fireman’s Fund Ins. Co. v. National Bank of Coops., Galen-Med, Inc. v. Owens, 185 755 G. & C. Merriam Co. v. Saalfield, 1032 First Am. Bank v. Guerine, 415 Gap Stores Sec. Litig., In re, 858 First of Mich. Corp. v. Bramlet, 384 Garbie v. Chrysler Corp., 851 First Midwest Corp. v. Corporate Fin. Assocs., 434, Garcia v. Copenhaver, Bell & Assocs., 966 First Nat’l Bancshares v. Geisel, Inc., 778 Garcia v. General Motors Corp., 1075 First Nat’l Bank v. Warren, 1017, 1020 Garcia v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 541 First Union Nat’l Bank v. Penn Salem Marina, Inc., Gardemal v. Westin Hotel Co., 307 1053 Gardner & Florence Call Cowles Found. v. Empire, Fisher v. CPC Int’l, Inc., 650 Inc., 177 Fitzgerald, P.P.A. v. Expressway Sewerage Constr., Gardner ex rel. Gardner v. Chrysler Corp., 548 Inc., 548 Gardner ex rel. Gardner v. Toyota Motor Sales, Inc., Flaherty v. Lang, 1056 629, 636 TABLE OF CASES xxxvii

Gardynski-Leschuck v. Ford Motor Co., 101 Vegetal, 673 Garibaldi, United States ex rel. v. Orleans Parish Sch. Gonzales v. Hernandez, 1099 Bd., 554 Gonzalez v. Guilbot, 1032 Garrett v. Fleming, 636 Gonzalez, United States v., 627 Garvin v. City of Philadelphia, 636 Gonzalez v. Internacional De Elevadores, S.A., 282 Gary Scott Int’l, Inc. v. Baroudi, 326 Gooch v. Life Investors Ins. Co. of Am., 1099 Gasperini v. Center for Humanities, Inc., 492, 496, Goodman v. Harris Cnty., 1021 519, 523, 1112 Goodman v. Praxair, Inc., 631 Gaston & Snow, In re, 470, 567 Goodrum v. Goodrum, 41 Gator.com Corp. v. L.L. Bean, Inc., 325 Goodyear Dunlop Tires Operations v. Brown, 261, 263, Gau Shan Co. v. Bankers Trust Co., 432, 433 265, 285, 289 G.C. Wallace, Inc. v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court ex rel. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Kirk’s Tire & Auto County of Clark, 1045 Servicenter, Inc., 904 Geidel v. Niagara Mohawk Power Corp., 375 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Marbon Corp., 714 Geler v. National Westminster Bank USA, 116 Gordon v. Unifund CCR Partners, 660 Gellhaus v. Allemania Loan & Bldg. Ass’n, 701 Gould, Inc. v. Alter Metals Co., 387 Generadora de Electricidad del Caribe v. Foster- Goya Foods, Inc. v. Wallack Mgmt. Co., 494 Wheeler Corp., 286 Grable & Sons Metal Prods., Inc. v. Darue Eng’g & General Elec. Capital Auto Lease, Inc. v. Mires, 164 Mfg., 63 General Elec. Co. v. Latin Am. Imports, S.A., 551 Grace v. MacArthur, 228 General Motors Corp. v. Bryant, 838 Graduate Mgmt. Admission Council v. Raju, 257 General Motors Corp. Pick-Up Truck Fuel Tank Prods. Graham v. Gendex Med. X-Ray, Inc., 639 Liab. Litig., In re, 846 Grandfinanciera, S.A. v. Nordberg, 980 General Rights of Gila River Sys., In re, 1043 Grand Union Supermarkets, Inc. v. H.E. Lockhart Genesys Data Techs., Inc., In re, 556 Mgmt., Inc., 90 Geneva Furniture Mfg. Co. v. S. Karpen & Bros., 692 Granite Mgmt. Corp. v. United States, 1014 Gentek Bldg. Prods., Inc. v. Sherwin-Williams Co., Gratech Co. v. Wold Eng’g, P.C., 1055 197, 198 Gray v. American Radiator & Standard Sanitary Corp., Gentek Bldg. Prods., Inc. v. Steel Peel Litig. Trust, 198 254, 273, 274 Genujo Lok Beteiligungs GmbH v. Zorn, 1111 Gray v. Kelly, 1048 George v. Borden Chems. & Plastics Operating Ltd. Gray’s Disposal Co., Inc. v. Metropolitan Gov’t, 1113 P’ship, 139 Graziano v. Rhode Island State Lottery Comm’n, 1041 George v. D.W. Zinser Co., 1044 Greathouse v. Charter Nat’l Bank-S.W., 581 Georgia High Sch. Ass’n v. Waddell, 6 Green v. Amerada Hess Corp., 165, 178 Gerena v. Korb, 429 Green v. Cowgill, 973 Geressy v. Digital Equip. Co., 499 Green v. Lake of the Woods Cnty., 116 Gerety v. Sunrise Express, Inc., 382, Green v. Sarmiento, 210 Getz v. Boeing Co., 347, 365 Green v. USF & G Corp., 255, 303 Geyer v. Aguilar, 205 Greene v. WCI Holdings Corp., 615 Giampapa v. American Family Mut. Ins. Co., 1112 Greger, State v., 560 Gilman v. BHC Sec., Inc., 109 Gregoire v. Byrd, 1086 Gilmour v. Gates, McDonald & Co., 622 Gregory v. Pocono Grow Fertilizer Corp., 392 Gilstrap v. Amtrak, 533, 554 Greisback Invs., Ltd. v. Compania Dominicana de Ginsberg, D.O. v. Valhalla Anesthesia Assocs., P.C., Aviacion, C. Por. A., 716, 719 147 Griffin v. Lee, 820 Ginsberg, In re Marriage of, 1043 Griffin v. McCoach, 470 Gkiafis v. S.S. Yiosonas, 363 Griffin v. Parker, 1057 Glancy v. Taubman Ctrs., Inc., 760 Grimes v. Mazda N. Am. Operations, 791 Glaziers & Glass Workers Union Local Annuity Fund Grimmett v. S & W Auto Sales Co., 1032 v. Newbridge Sec., Inc., 714 Grinnell Mut. Reins Co. v. Shierk, 105 Glencore Grain Rotterdam B.V. v. Shivnath Rai Grip-Pak, Inc. v. Illinois Tool Works, Inc., 1058 Harnarain Co., 357 Grisham v. Philip Morris U.S.A., Inc., 990 Glenn v. Farmers & Merchants Ins. Co., 650, 651 Groh v. Brooks, 115 Glens Falls Ins. Co. v. Cook Bros., 812 Grosset v. Wenaas, 861 Glick v. Ballentine Produce, Inc., 1041 Groves v. Slaughter, 458 Glidden Co. v. Lumbermens Mut. Cas. Co., 1061 Grubbs v. General Elec. Credit Corp., 197 Global NAPs, Inc. v. Verizon New Eng., Inc., 718 Grupo Dataflux v. Atlas Global Group, L.P., 85 Global Oceanic Enters., Inc. v. Hynum, 1086 Grupo Mexicano de Desarrollo S.A. v. Alliance Bond Godfrey v. Perkin-Elmer Corp., 138 Fund, Inc., 481, 670 Godin v. Schencks, 532 Grynberg v. Questar Pipeline Co., 1055 Gold v. Warden, 1058 GTE New Media Servs. Inc. v. BellSouth Corp., 325 Goldberg v. Mutual Readers League, Inc., 363 Guaranteed Sys., Inc. v. American Nat’l Can Co., 791 Goldberg v. Pacific Indem. Co., 542 Guaranty Trust Co. v. York, 472, 479, 509, 698 Golden Eagle Distrib. Corp. v. Burroughs Corp., 654 Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am. v. Muniz, 106 Golden Rule Ins. Co. v. Harper, 432, 433 Guardian Nat’l Acceptance Corp. v. Swartzlander Goldlawr, Inc. v. Heiman, 428 Motors, Inc., 63 Goldstone, In re, 1054 Gubitosi, State v., 1112 Gomez v. Randle, 637 Gulf Beach Hotel, Inc. v. State ex rel. Whetstone, 75 Gonzales v. Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao Do xxxviii TABLE OF CASES

Gulf Ins. Co. v. Glasbrenner, 384 Hayburn’s Case, 480 Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert, 417, 422, 489 Hayduk v. United Parcel Serv., 185 Gulfstream Park Racing Ass’n v. Tampa Bay Downs, Hay Group, Inc. v. E.B.S. Acquisition Corp., 902 Inc., 555 Hayne Blvd. Campus Pres. Ass’n, Inc. v. Julich, 765 Gumperz v. Hofmann, 232 Headrick v. Smoky Mountain Stages, Inc., 698 Gustafson v. Zumbrunnen, 116 Healy v. Ratta, 100 Gutierrez v. Advanced Med. Optics, Inc., 420 Heard v. Remy, 620 Hearld v. Barnes & Spectrum Emergency Care, 651 Habermehl v. Potter, 522 Heath Merriman v. Crompton Corp., 257 Hackley v. Hackley, 1062, 1065, 1067 Hebden v. Workmen’s Comp. Appeal Bd., 1051 Haddock v. Haddock, 237 Hebner v. McGrath, 627 Hairston v. Home Loan & Inv. Bank, 779 Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. v. Hall, Hale, State v., 1079 259, 260, 263, 265, 267, 298, 330 Hall v. Cole, 13 Helmer v. Doletskaya, 309 Hall v. Dillon Cos., 1112 Helzberg’s Diamond Shops, Inc. v. Valley W. Des Hall v. Franklin County, 48 Moines Shopping Ctr., Inc., 766 Hall v. GE Plastic Pac. PTE, Ltd., 1115, 1116 Henderson v. Shinseki, 46 Hall v. Keating, 379 Hendrix v. Memorial Hosp., 629 Hall v. Norfolk So. Ry. Co., 636 Henglein v. Colt Indus. Operating Corp. Informal Plan, Hall v. Pennsylvania Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 560 636, 640 Hall v. Spencer Cnty., 627 Henkel v. ITT Bowest Corp., 779 Hall v. Tower Land & Inv. Co., 1041 Henriksen v. Gleason, 1066 Hallaba v. Worldcom Network Servs. Inc., 376 Henry L. Doherty & Co. v. Goodman, 240 Hallco Mfg. Co. v. Quaech, 824 Herbst v. International Tel. & Tel. Corp., 887 Halmekangas v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 136 Herman & MacClean v. Huddleston, 568 Halpern v. Schwartz, 1060 Hermann Family Revocable Trust v. Teddy Bear, 154 Halsoprodukter Labs Karnerud Ab. v. Gero Vita Int’l, Hernandez v. Conriv Realty Assocs., 54 385, 405 Herremans v. Carrera Designs, Inc., 103 Halvey, New York ex rel. v. Halvey, 1095 Herrick Co. v. SCS Commc’ns, Inc., 123 Hamdi & Ibrahim Mango Co. v. Fire Ass’n, 913 Herrmann v. Braniff Airways, Inc., 177, 178 Hamilton v. Aetna Life & Cas. Co., 198 Herron v. Southern Pac. Co., 985 Hamilton v. Atlas Turner, Inc., 622 Hertz Corp. v. Friend, 91 Hamm v. Frank, 631 Hess v. Pawloski, 239 Hammond v. Smith, 210 Hetzel v. Prince William Cnty., 1113 Handberry v. Thompson, 132 Hickman v. Taylor, 869, 878, 887 Hanna v. Plumer, 478, 488, 503, 511, 517, 519, 533 Hidey v. Waste Sys., Inc., 863 Hannaford Bros. Customer Data Sec. Breach Litig., In Highway Equip. Co. v. FECO Ltd., 719 re, 856 Hill v. United States Postal Serv., 631 Hannan, Estate of, In re, 313 Hillman v. Webley, 71 Hanneman v. Nygaard, 1041 Hilton v. Guyot, 1109 Hanover Ins. Co. v. American Eng’g Co., 1113 Hilyer v. Howat Concrete Co., 998 Hansberry v. Lee, 834 Hinderlider v. La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch Hansen v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court ex. rel. County of Co., 562, 563 Clark, 233 Hindmarsh v. Mock, 1045 Hanson v. Denckla, 270, 271, 273, 315 Hirczy v. Hamilton, 661 Hansuld v. Lariat Diesel Corp., 1030 Hitchcock v. Aiken, 210 Hardcastle v. Netherwood, 701 Hoffman v. Blaski, 423 Hardy v. New York City Health & Hosps. Corp., 571, Hoffman v. Tonnemacher, 943 572 Hoffman v. Vulcan Materials Co., 106 Haring v. Prosise, 1105 Hoffman-La Roche, Inc., In re, 427 Harkness v. Hyde, 234 Hogan v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 544 Harlow v. Children’s Hosp., 289, 300, 1113 Holland v. World Omni Leasing, Inc., 184 Harmon v. OKI Sys., 195 Holland Am.. Line Inc. v. Wärtsilä N. Am., Inc., 357 Harper, Ex parte, 620 Holliger, State ex rel. K-Mart Corp. v., 257 Harper v. AutoAlliance Int’l, Inc., 168, 626 Hollymatic Corp. v. Holly Sys., Inc., 614 Harris v. Balk, 221, 236, 243, 244, 248, 393 Holmes Group, Inc. v. Vornado Air Circulation Sys., Harris v. Bankers Life & Cas. Co., 189 Inc., 71, 164, 165 Harris v. Jackson, 1077 Holmstrom v. Peterson, 196 Harshberger v. Harshberger, 41, 43 Holston Invs., Inc. v. Lanlogistics Corp., 90 Harsh Int’l, Inc. v. Monfort Indus., Inc., 1034 Holt v. Klosters Rederi A/S, 363 Harshman, Estate of v. Jackson Hole Mountain Resort Holt v. Lockheed Support Sys., Inc., 139 Corp., 154, 155 Holt v. Regional Trustee Servs. Corp., 1046 Hart v. American Airlines, Inc., 1095 Holzemer v. Urbanski, 1093 Hartmarx Corp. v. Abboud, 655 Homeside Lending, Inc., State v., 858 Harvell v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 838 Hoppe v. G.D. Searle & Co., 1072 Harvey Specialty & Supply, Inc. v. Anson Flowline Hopson v. Mayor of Baltimore, 875 Equip., Inc., 1032 Horenkamp v. Van Winkle & Co., 350 Hasty v. PACCAR, Inc., 650, 651 Horne v. Mobile Area Water & Sewer Sys., 302 Hawkins v. Barney’s Lessee, 446, 447 Horton v. Conklin, 197 TABLE OF CASES xxxix

Horton v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 114, 725 International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 240, 353, 797 Hospital Bldg. Co. v. Trustees of Rex Hosp., 595 International Software Sys., Inc. v. Amplicon, Inc., 428 Hot Springs Assocs., Inc. v. Kiesler, 716, 719 Invention Submission Corp. v. Dudas, 1113 Houk v. Kimberly-Clark Corp., 427 Iowa Supreme Court Attorney Disciplinary Bd. v. Household Bank v. JFS Group, 77 Iversen, 1054 Housing Fin. & Dev. Corp. v. Ferguson, 966 Iqbal v. Hasty, 601 Howard, Estate of, In re, 971 Iraola & CIA, SA v. Kimberly-Clark Corp., 93 H. Salt, Inc. v. Wen Lung Yu, 156 Irving Trust Co. v. United States, 935 Hubbard v. Fisher, 701 Isaacson v. Dow Chem. Co., 164 Huck ex rel. Sea Air Shuttle Corp. v. Dawson, 1081 ISI Int’l, Inc. v. Borden Ladner Gervais LLP, 348 Hudson, The, 784 Ison v. E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., 418 Hudson v. City of Chicago, 1037 Itel Containers Int’l Corp. v. Puerto Rico Marine Hudson v. Coleman, 150 Mgmt., Inc., 651, Hudson v. Delta Airlines, Inc., 147 ITL Int’l, Inc. v. Constenla, S.A., 266 Hudson & Goodwin, United States v., 456 Huelsman v. Kansas Dep’t of Revenue, 1079 Jack v. Thompson, 217 Hughes v. Fetter, 43 Jackson v. Kotter, 637 Hughes v. Water World Slide, Inc., 629 Jackson Nat’l Life Ins. Co. v. Stillman Land Co., 395 Huidekoper’s Lessee v. Douglass, 453 Jackson v. R.G. Whipple, Inc., 1054 Hum v. Dericks, 551 Jackson v. West Telemarketing Corp. Outbound, 477 Hundley v. J.F. Spann Timber, Inc., 1068 Jacobs v. Flight Extenders, Inc., 368 Hunt v. Department of Air Force, 629 Jacobs v. Littleton, 1047 Hunt v. Imperial Merchant Servs., Inc., 841 Jacobsen v. Osborne, 636 Hunt v. Up N. Plastics, Inc., 147 Jahn ex rel. Jahn v. ORCR, Inc., 844 Hunter v. City of Des Moines, 1073 James v. Allen, 205 Hunter v. City of Des Moines Mun. Hous. Auth., 1056 James v. Sun Glass Hut, Inc., 156 Hunter v. Shell Oil Co., 93 James Daniel Good Real Prop., United States v., 679 Hunter Douglas Metals v. Aluminio Conesa, S.A. de James River Ins. Co. v. Rapid Funding, LLC, 501 C.V., 346 Janeau v. Pitman Mfg. Co., 116 Hurd v. Pittsburgh State Univ., 962 Japanese Elecs. Prods. Antitrust Litig., In re, 982 Hurlbert v. Charles, 1065 Jarosz v. Palmer, 1031, 1032, 1058 Hurley v. Motor Coach Indus., 197 Jayel Corp. v. Cochran, 1036 Huskey v. City of San Jose, 1022 Jazzabi v. Allstate Ins. Co., 982 Hutcheson v. Chase & Gilbert, Inc., 240 J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B., 962 Hyde v. First & Merchants Nat’l Bank, 110 Jenkins v. Sandoz Pharm. Corp., 193 Hyman v. Regenstein, 1064 Jenkins Brick Co. v. Bremer, 384 Jennings v. AC Hydraulic A/S, 306, 325 I.C. Gas Amcana, Inc. v. Hood, 973 Jerguson v. Blue Dot Inv., Inc., 96 Ictertz v. Orthopaedic Specialists, P.C., 1044 Jermosen v. Coughlin, 634 Ideal v. Burlington Res. Oil & Gas Co., 838 Jessup v. Luther, 813 Ident Corp. of Am. v. Wendt, 651 JH v. RB, 1089 Igal v. Brightstar Info. Tech. Group, Inc., 1044 J.I. Case Co. v. Borak, 568 Iglesias v. Mutual Life Ins. Co., 719 Jimenez v. Madison Area Tech. College, 662 IHP Indus., Inc. v. PermAlert, 737 Jinks v. Richand County, 161 IIFC Interconsult, AG v. Safeguard Int’l Partners, LLC, J.L. Phillips & Assocs., Inc. v. E & H Plastic Corp., 150 940 Ileto v. Glock Inc., 553 J. McIntyre Mach., Ltd. v. Nicastro, 262, 265, 266, Illinois v. City of Milwaukee, 563 275. 292, 295, 303, 304, 312, 358 Illinois v. General Paving Co., 1071 John G. & Marie Stella Kennedy Mem. Found. v. Imagineering, Inc. v. Lukingbeal, 385 Mauro, 184 Immunocept, LLC v. Fulbright & Jaworski, LLP, 69 John R. Sand & Gravel Co. v. United States, 46 IMO Indus., Inc. v. Kiekert AG, 304 Johnson, United States v., 118 Independent Wireless Tel. Co. v. Radio Corp. of Am., Johnson v. Crown Enters., Inc., 626 763 Johnson v. Fankell, 572 Indiana Hi-Rail Corp. v. Decatur Junction Ry. Co., 104 Johnson v. First Carolina Fin. Corp., 1047 Ingram v. CSX Transp., Inc., 168 Johnson v. Gerber Prods. Co., 109 Ingram v. Great Lakes Pipe Line Co., 375 Johnson v. Nextel Commc’ns, Inc., 475 Inman v. American Home Furniture Placement, Inc., Johnson v. South Carolina Dep’t of Probation, Parole, 940 & Pardon Servs., 48 Innovative Mktg. & Tech. v. Norm Thompson Outfit- Johnson v. Union Pac. R.R., 1067, 1073, 1074 ters, Inc., 910 Johnson v. Wattenbarger, 104 In re (see name of party) Johnson v. Woodcock, 310 Insurance Co. v. HSBC Bank USA, 1106 Johnston v. Niemeyer, 701 Insurance Corp. of Ir. v. Compagnie des Bauxites de Joint Stock Society “Trade House of Descendants of Guinee, 275, 294, 358 Peter Smirnoff” v. Heublin, Inc., 386 Intera Corp. v. Henderson, 1040 Jolley v. Jolly, 580 International Bus. Machs. Corp. v. Bajorek, 475 Jones v. Automobile Club, 346 International Interests, L.P. v. Hardy, 555 Jones v. Brennan, 120 International Seafoods, Inc. v. Bissonette, 1032 Jones v. Flowers, 335 xl TABLE OF CASES

Jones v. Ford Motor Credit Co., 185, 718 King, In re, 1054 Jones v. InfoCure Corp., 1022 King v. Cessna Aircraft Co., 88 Jones v. Petty-Ray Geophysical Geosource, Inc., 116 King v. Crown Plastering Corp., 902 Jones v. Prince George’s Cnty., 810 King v. One Unknown Fed. Correctional Officer, 636 Jones v. United Parcel Serv., Inc., 542 King v. Order of United Commercial Travelers of Am., Jones v. United Space Alliance, L.L.C., 955 552 Jones v. Wysinger, 631 Kingman Park Civic Ass’n v. Williams, 1055 Jordan v. Tapper, 631 Kirchner v. Western Mont. Reg’l Cmty. Health Ctr., Joseph v. Elan Motorsports Techs. Racing Corp., 638 1018 Joseph Muller Corp. Zurich v. Societe Anonyme De Kirkland v. Midland Mortg. Co., 109 Gerance Et D’Armement, 752 Klaxon Co. v. Stentor Elec. Mfg. Co., 469 JP Morgan Chase Bank v. Traffic Stream (BVI) Infra- Klay v. All Defendants, 904 structure Ltd., 96 Kleeman v. Rheingold, 341 JRW, In re Paternity of, 1051 K-Mart Corp., State ex rel. v. Holliger, 257 Jundt v. Jurassic Res. Dev., N. Am. L.L.C., 1113 Knievel v. ESPN, 486 Knight, In re, 233 Kabealo v. Davis, 200 Knight, State v., 1053 Kaepa, Inc. v. Achilles Corp., 433 Knop v. Mackall, 200 Kahala Royal Corp. v. Goodsill Anderson Quinn & Kobrin v. Board of Registration in Med., 1055 Stifel, 1076 Koehler v. Bank of Bermuda, Ltd., 221, 249 Kahn v. Morse & Mowbray, 1055 Kohlrautz v. Oilmen Participation Corp., 551 Kalish v. Franklin Advisers, Inc., 978 Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co., 149 Kaltman-Glasel v. Dooley, 719 Kolani v. Gluska, 160 Kamel v. Hill-Rom Co., 421 Kolari v. New York Presbyterian Hosp., 155 Kamelguard v. Macura, 526 Kona Enters., Inc. v. Estate of Bishop, 510 Kamen v. Kemper Fin. Servs., Inc., 517, 519, 861 Konstantinidis v. Chen, 1114 Kampa v. White Consol. Indus., Inc., 498 Kootenai Elec. Coop., Inc. v. Lamar Corp., 1034 Kansas Pub. Employees Ret. Sys. v. Reimer & Koger Koprowski v. Wistar Inst. of Anatomy & Biology, 717 Assocs., Inc., 554 Korean Airlines Disaster, In re, 427, 428 Kanter v. Warner-Lambert Co., 101, 121 Korn v. Korn, 117 Kanzelberger v. Kanzelberger, 167 Korzen v. Local Union , Int’l Bhd. of Teamsters, 156 Kaplan v. Reed, 291 Koss v. Metropolitan Ins. & Annuity Co., 116 Karan, Inc. v. Auto-Owners Ins. Co., 1055 Koster v. Lumbermens Mut. Cas. Co., 489 Karazanos v. Madison Two Assocs., 94 Krain v. Devich, 384 Karsner v. Lothian, 106, 819 Kramer v. Caribbean Mills, Inc., 114 Kaspar Wire Works, Inc. v. Leco Eng’g & Mach., Inc., Kremer v. Chemical Constr. Corp., 1103 1031 Kret ex rel. Kret v. Brookdale Hosp. Med. Ctr., 1057 Katz v. Eli Lilly & Co., 1058 Kruckenberg v. Harvey, 1080 Kaufman v. Allstate N.J. Ins. Co., 856 Krueger v. Cartwright, 737, 768, 817 Kaufman v. First Wachovia Corp., 404 Krupski v. Costa Crociere S. p. A., 635, 637 Kazan v. Wolinski, 1058 K.S. v. State, 41 Kearney v. Dimanna, 655 Kubacki v. Molchan, 1055 Kearny Cnty. Hosp. v. Allstate Ins. Co., 796 Kugler Co. v. Growth Prods. Ltd., 281 Keary v. Mutual Reserve Fund Life Ass’n, 735 Kulinski v. Medtronic Bio-Medicus, Inc., 1040 Keckler v. Brookwood Country Club, 255 Kulko v. Superior Court, 270, 318, 319, 321 Kedy v. A.W. Chesterton Co., 418 Kullick v. Skyline Homeowners Ass’n, 1081 Keele v. Knecht, 379 Kurczi v. Eli Lilly & Co., 552 Keeton v. Hustler Magazine, Inc., 256, 270, 271, 284, Kurkowski v. Volcker, 651 288, 291, 300, 331, 387, 389 Kurtz & Perry, P.A. v. Emerson, 1057 Kellam v. Keith, 167 Kelly v. Norfolk & W. Ry., 834 Labranche v. Embassy Suites, Inc., 391 Kelly v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 115 Lafayette Ins. Co. v. French, 238 Kennedy v. Lubar, 1055 Lafferty v. St. Riel, 429 Kern v. Hettinger, 1106 Lahm v. Wagner, 384 Kerney v. Fort Griffin Fandangle Ass’n, 863 Laker Airways Ltd. v. Sabena, Belgian World Airlines, Kerobo v. Southwestern Clean Fuels Corp., 426, 476 432 Kerotest Mfg. Co. v. C-O-Two Fire Equip. Co., 475 Lamarque v. Fairbanks Capital Corp., 858 Kertesz v. Falgiano, 973 Lamb v. Anderson, 1053 Kessel v. Monogalia County Gen. Hosp. Co., 562 Lambert v. Javed, 1041 Kesterson v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 1036 Lamine v. Dorrell, 23 K.F.P. v. Dane Cnty., 739 Land & Lakes Co. v. Henderson, 184 K.H. v. R.H., 1055 Lane v. Calhoun-Liberty County Hosp. Ass’n, 156 Khachikian v. BASF Corp., 902 Lane v. Mitchell, 185 Kier Bros. Invs., Inc. v. White, 51 Lane v. Montana Fourth Judicial Dist. Court, 1081 Kimball Small Props. v. American Nat’l Fire Ins. Co., Lang v. American Elec. Power Co., 180 115 Langenhorst v. Norfolk So. Ry. Co., 415 Kimbell Foods, Inc., United States v., 569 Lannes v. Operators Int’l, 180 Kinabrew v. Emco-Wheaton, Inc., 193 LaRose, In re Estate of, 1087 Kincheloe v. Farmer, 611 Larry’s Apartment, L.L.C., In re, 541 TABLE OF CASES xli

Larsen v. Mayo Med. Ctr., 342, 514 Long v. Sasser, 745 Larson Mfg. Co. v. Thorson, 1053 Longaberger Co. v. Kolt, 1114 LaSala v. Doctor’s Assocs., Inc., 1043 Lopez Tijerina v. Henry, 835 Lassiter v. Kulp, 156 Lorazepam & Clorazepate Antitrust Litig., In re, 143, Lawrence Cnty. v. Miller, 1030 860 Lawthorne v. Employers Ins. Co., 796 Lorelei Corp. v. County of Guadalupe, 354, 361 Lay v. Pettengill, 1032 Lott v. J.W. O’Connor & Co., 307 Lazy Oil Co. v. Witco Corp., 845, 846 Louisiana v. Union Oil Co., 738 L.B. Foster Co. v. America Piles, Inc., 659 Louisville & Nashville R.R. Co. v. Chatters, 239 Le v. University of Pa., 954 Louisville & Nashville R.R. Co. v. Mottley, 44, 47, 70, Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics Intelligence & 76, 607 Coordination Unit, 595 Lovelace v. O’Hara, 631, 637 Lebeda v. A.H. Robins Co., 610 Lovell v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 108, 142 Lee v. Musselshell Cnty., 1057 Lowery v. Alabama Power Co., 113, 199 Lee v. Ohio Cas. Ins. Co., 368 Lowing v. Allstate Ins. Co., 1112 Lee L. Saad Constr. Co. v. DPF Architects, P.C., 1057 Lowry v. International Bhd. of Boilermakers, Iron Lee-Lipstreu v. Chubb Group of Ins. Cos., 89 Shipbuilders & Helpers of Am., 863 Lee v. USAA Cas. Ins. Co., 1055 Lowry v. Owens, 302 Legum v. Brown, 1085 Lucas v. City of Juneau, 774 Lehman v. Austin, 701 Lucas v. Porter, 1036 Lehman Bros. v. Schein, 555 Lucha, Inc. v. Goeglein, 650 Leipzig v. AIG Life Ins. Co., 718 Lum v. Stinnett, 953 Leith v. Lufthansa German Airlines, 136 Lumpkin v. Land, 386 Lemmer, State v., 501 Luna v. Dobson, 1089 Lennox Indus., Inc. v. Caicedo Yusti, 823 Lundy v. Adamar, Inc., 631, 634 Leon v. Millon Air, Inc., 420 Lybbert v. Grant Cnty., 622 Leon, United States v., 5 Lyon v. Whisman, 147 Leonhardt v. Western Sugar Co., 138, 779 Lyons v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 43 Lepone-Dempsy v. Carroll Cnty. Comm’rs, 351 Lytle v. Household Mfg., Inc., 972 Leroy v. Great W. United Corp., 383, 393 Leventhal v. Harrelson, 311 Mace v. Mylan Pharm., Inc., 419 Lewis v. Waletzky, 556 Mach v. Will Cnty. Sheriff, 664 Lexecon, Inc. v. Milberg Weiss Beishad Hynes & Macken ex rel. Macken v. Jensen, 106 Lerach, 431 Macomber v. MacQuinn-Tweedie, 1057 LG Display Co. v. Madigan, 99 Madden, State ex rel. Chemtall, Inc. v., 839 LG Elecs. Inc. v. Advance Creative Computer Corp., Magic Toyota, Inc. v. Southeast Toyota Distribs., Inc., 406 387 Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Treesdale, Inc., 771 Maguire v. Cunningham, 376 Licciardello v. Lovelady, 326 Maher v. GSI Lumonics, Inc., 1044 Lienhart v. Dryvit Sys., Inc., 860 Makuc v. American Honda Motor Co., 998 Liggon-Redding v. Estate of Sugarman, 545 Malesko v. Correctional Servs. Corp., 636 Lighthouse Landings, Inc. v. Connecticut Light & Malloy v. Trombley, 1060 Power Co., 1047 Malsch v. Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc., 415 Lincoln Loan Co. v. City of Portland, 1044, 1087 Mam v. State Dep’t of Family Servs., 1032 Lincoln Props. Co. v. Roche, 168 Manco Contracting Co. v. Bezdikian, 1111 LinkAmerica Corp. v. Cox, , 256 Manguno v. Prudential Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 101 Linardos v. Fortuna, 89 Maness v. Daily, 1053 Linder v. Missoula Cnty., 1054 Mansoldo v. State, 1051 Lindsay v. Government Employees Ins. Co., 132 Manuel v. Convergys Corp., 435 Lindsay v. Kvortec, 779 Manufacturers Cas. Ins. Co. v. Coker, 108 Link v. L.S.I., Inc., 1115 Mapp v. Board of Educ., 835 Link Aviation, Inc. v. Downs, 737 Mapp v. Ohio, 5 Lisseveld v. Marcus, 406 Marano Enters. v. Z-Teca Rests., L.P., 192 Literary Works in Elec. Databases Copyright Litig., In Marcus Food Co. v. DiPanfilo, 310, 939 re, 144 Marek v. Chesny, 954 Little v. Chicago St. Paul, Minneapolis, & Omaha Ry., Marine Midland Bank v. Slyman, 1023 375 Maritz, Inc. v. CyberGold, Inc., 325 Little v. Mitsubishi Motors N. Am., Inc., 1007 Mark E. Mitchell, Inc. v. Charleston Library Soc’y, 804 Little v. Texaco, Inc., 618 Marker v. Union Fidelity Life Ins. Co., 900 Little Lake Misere Land Co., United States v., 569 Marple v. T-Mobile Cent., L.L.C., 113 Little League Baseball, Inc. v. Welsh Publ’g Group, Marquest Med. Prods., Inc. v. EMDE Corp., 622 Inc., 90 Marra v. Papandreou, 414 Lively v. Wild Oats Market, Inc., 197 Marrese v. American Acad. of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Livingston v. Jefferson, 378 1096, 1097 LM Ins. Co. v. Spaulding Enters. Inc., 110 Marriage of (see name of party) Locke v. Bonello, 548 Mars Inc. v. Nippon Conlux Kabushiki-Kaisha, 156 Locklear v. Bergman & Beving AB, 636 Marsh v. Butler Cnty., 596 Lofton Ridge, L.L.C. v. Norfolk S. Ry. Co., 1114 Marshall v. Marshall, 119 Lohman v. Township of Oxford, 388 Marshalsea, Case of, 45 xlii TABLE OF CASES

Martin v. Drummond Coal Co., 184 Meenach v. General Motors Corp., 1095 Martin v. Franklin Capital Corp., 184, 200, 664 Memorial Hermann Healthcare Sys., Inc. v. Eurocopter Martin, People v., 962 Deutschland, GMBH, 554 Martin v. SAIF Corp., 1089 Mendoza, United States v., 1063 Maryland Cas. Co. v. W.R. Grace & Co., 763 Menken v. Emm, 302 MAS Capital, Inc. v. Biodelivery Scis. Int’l, Inc., 94 Mennen Co. v. Krauss Co., 714 Mason v. Messenger & May, 217 Mennonite Bd. of Missions v. Adams, 335 Masquat v. Daimler Chrysler Corp., 838 Mercer v. Theriot, 985 Mastny Revocable Trust, 1051 Mercury Mktg. Techs., Inc. v. State ex rel. Beebe, 434 Matanuska Elec. Ass’n v. Chugach Elec. Ass’n, 947, Meredith v. City of Winter Haven, 557 1044 Meredith v. Oregon, 1022 Mathews, United States ex rel. v. HealthSouth Corp., Meredith v. Schreiner Transp., Inc., 818 624 Meredith v. United Air Lines, 639 Matimak Trading Co. v. Khalily, 96 Meritcare, Inc. v. St. Paul Mercury Ins. Co., 138, 779 Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Epstein, 1097 Merrell Dow Pharm., Inc. v. Thompson, 61 Mattel, Inc. v. Bryant, 819 Merrill v. Bischoff, 732 Matter of (see name of party) Merrill Lynch & Co.v. Allegheny Energy, Inc., 142, Matthews v. Eldridge, 677 767 Mavrix Photo, Inc. v. Brand Techns., Inc., 303, 364 Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v. Curran, Mayle v. Felix, 626 568 Mayo v. Key Fin. Servs., Inc., 779 Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v. ENC Mayo Clinic v. Kaiser, 430 Corp., 761, 807 Mayor v. Homebuilders Ass’n, 1051 Merriman v. Crompton Corp., 257, 275 M.B. Restaurants, Inc. v. CKE Restaurants, Inc., 477 Mersay v. First Republic Corp., 834 McAlpine v. Pacarro, 1053 Messenger v. Anderson, 1113 McAmis Indus., Inc., State ex rel. v. M. Cutter Co., Metabolife Int’l, Inc. v. Wornick, 540 1030 Metabolic Res., Inc. v. Ferrell, 1021 McAnnally v. Levco, Inc., 517 Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. Robertson-Ceco Corp., McCann v. Newman Irrevocable Trust, 86, 87 263, 287 McCarthy v. Paine Webber Group, Inc., 916 Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. Taylor, 166 McCaughey v. Schuette, 581 Michiana Easy Livin’ Country, Inc. v. Holten, 303 McConathy v. Dr. Pepper/Seven Up Corp., 1114 Michigan Surgery Inv., L.L.C. v. Arman, 950 McCook Nat’l Bank v. Myers, 1004 Micrometl Corp. v. Tranzact Techs., Inc., 200 McCoy v. Cooke, 1031, 1033 Microsoft Corp. Antitrust Litig., In re, 1060 McCready v. eBay, Inc., 121 Middleton v. Caterpillar Industrial, Inc., 1116 McCurdy v. American Bd. of Plastic Surgery, 350 Migra v. Warren City Sch. Dist. Bd. of Educ., 1031, McCurry v. Chevy Case Bank, FSB, 605 1096, 1102 McDaneld v. Lynn Hickey Dodge, Inc., 53, 1047 Mikulski v. Centerior Energy Corp., 66 McDonald v. John P. Scripps Newspaper, 6 Milan Express, Inc. v. Averitt Express, Inc., 59 McDonald v. Trihub, 1043 Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians v. Minnesota, McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. United States Dist. Court, 812 837 Millennium Enters., Inc. v. Millennium Music, L.P., McEachron v. Glans, 746 325 McGee v. International Life Ins. Co., 270, 271, 291, Miller v. Affiliated Fin. Corp., 651 308, 387 Miller, Hamilton, Snider & Odom, LLC, Ex parte, 415 McGilvray v. Hallmark Fin. Group, Inc., 184 Miller v. Meadowlands Car Imports, Inc., 386 McGonigle v. Penn-Central Transp. Co., 368 Miller v. National Brokerage Servs., Inc., 196 McGraw, State ex rel. v. Johnson & Johnson, 1045 Miller v. Perry, 117 McGrew v. McGrew, 1033 Miller v. United States, 651, 1015 McKenna v. Wright, 596 Miller Parts Co. v. Joe Self , Inc., 136 McKenzie v. Hawaii Permanente Med. Group, Inc., Miller Pipeline Corp. v. British Gas PLC, 357 547, 550 Miller, United States ex rel., v. Bill Harbert Int’l McKinney v. Board of Trustees, 188 Constr., Inc., 627 McKnett v. St. Louis & San Francisco Ry. Co., 43 Milliken v. Meyer, 235 McLaughlin v. Cotner, 118 Mills v. Duryee, 211, 214, 1093 McLauglin v. Mississippi Power Co., 767 Mills v. Electric Auto-Lite Co., 13 McLaughlin v. Weathers, 680 Milwaukee Concrete Studios, Ltd. v. Fjeld Mfg. Co., McLaughlin, United States v., 350 404 McLaurin v. Prater, 157 Mims v. Arrow Fin. Servs., L.L.C., 60 McMahan v. Toto, 471 Minichiello v. Rosenberg, 248 McMasters v. United States, 426 Mink v. AAAA Dev. LLC, 325 McMillian v. Sheraton Chi. Hotel & Towers, 107 Minton v. Gunn, 69 McNulty v. Travel Park, 103, Miranda v. Arizona, 5 M. Cutter Co., State ex rel. McAmis Indus., Inc. v., Miserandino v. Resort Props., Inc., 335 Mecom v. Fitzsimmons Drilling Co., 117 Mishler v. Avery, 636 Medcom Holding Co. v. Baxter Travenol Lab., Inc., Miskis v. Howard, 499 499 Mississippi Publ’g Corp. v. Murphree, 354, 508, 518, Medellin v.Texas, 1111 545 Medical Liab. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Alan Curtis LLC, 810 Mitchell v. Federal Intermediate Credit Bank, 1049 TABLE OF CASES xliii

Mitchell v. W.T. Grant Co., 677 Murphy v. Newport Waterfront Landing, Inc., 87 Mitrano v. Hawes, 384 Murphy Bros. v. Michetti Pipe Stringing, Inc., 189 Mitskovski v. Buffalo & Ft. Erie Pub. Bridge Auth., Murray v. Alaska Airlines, Inc., 1044 197 Murray v. Ledbetter, 1089 Mlynarik v. Bergantzel, 706 Murray v. Town of Mansura, 636 M.N., In re, 1051 Murray’s Lessee v. Hoboken Land & Improvement Co., Mobile Anesthesiologists Chi. v. Anesthesia Assocs., 216 P.A., 303 Music v. Arrowood Indem. Co., 196 Mobile Cnty. v. Knapp, 973 Myers v. Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., 5 Moch v. Nelson, 230 Myers v. Richland Cnty., 150 Modiri v. Restaurant Group, Inc., 1069 Moffitt v. Residential Funding Co., L.L.C., 190 Nameloc, Inc. v. Jack, Lyon & Jones, P.A., 714 Molina v. Mallah Org., Inc., 779 Nassau County Strip Search Cases, In re, 838 Molovinsky v. Monterey Co-op., Inc., 1045 Nasser v. Isthmian Lines, 1041 Mommaerts v. Hartford Life & Accident Ins. Co., 346 Natale v. Town of Ridgefield, 1022 Monarch Normandy Square Partners v. Normandy Nathan v. Boeing Co., 960 Square Assocs., 396 National Athletic Sportswear, Inc. v. Westfield Ins. Co., Monks Own, Ltd. v. Monastery of Christ, 1110 89 Monmouth-Ocean Collection Serv., Inc. v. Klor, 185 National City Bank v. Aronson, 94 Montrose Med. Group Participating Sav. Plan v. National Distrib. Agency v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., Bulger, 1114 1018 Moody v. FMC Corp., 1004 National Equip. Rental, Ltd. v. Szukhent, 412 Moore v. City of Harriman, 637 National R.R. Passenger Corp. v. ExpressTrak, L.L.C., Moore v. DeBiase, 180, 184 1022 Moore v. Hosemann, 342 National Satellite Sports, Inc. v. Eliadis, Inc., 1060 Moore v. McAllister, 973 National Union Fire Ins. Co. v. Greene, 1089 Moore v. North Am. Sports, Inc., 196 National Union Fire Ins. Co. v. Karp, 807 Moore v. Peak Oilfield Serv. Co., 1054 National W. Life Ins. Co. v. Rowe, 839 Moore v. Rosenthal & Schanfield, P.C., 138 Nationwide Bi-Weekly Admin., Inc. v. Belo Corp., Moore, State ex rel. v. Malpus, 1112 429, 622 Moore, State ex rel. v. Morrison, 53 Natural Energy Res. Co. v. Upper Gunnison River Morales v. SI Diamond Tech, 344 Water Conservancy Dist., 1055 Moralez v. Meat Cutters Local 539, 181 Navarro v. Yonkers, 1055 Moross Ltd. P’ship v. Fleckenstein Capital, Inc., 628 Neal v. Fairman, 184 Mora, State ex rel. v. Wilkinson, 1044 Nebraska v. Wyoming, 946 Moran v. Peralta Cmty. Coll. Dist., 941 Nebraska Pub. Advocate v. Nebraska Pub. Serv. Morel v. DiamlerChrysler, AG, 645 Comm’n, 1033 Morgan, United States v., 1058 Neff v. Pennoyer, 218 Morgan v. Gay, 112, 857 Neifeld v. Steinberg, 724 Morganroth & Morganroth v. DeLorean, 660 Neill v. Gulf Stream Coach, Inc., 543 Morley v. Ingles, 701 Nelson v. G.C. Murphy Co., 610 Morris B. Chapman & Assocs., Ltd. v. Kitzman, 1061, Nelson v. Miller, 255 1089 Nelson v. Napolitano, 950 Morrison v. Allstate Indem. Co., 106 Nemeroff v. Abelson, 648 Morrison v. Morrison, 1054 Nesbitt v. Bun Basket, Inc., 181 Morrison v. National Benefit Life Ins. Co., 193 Nesmith v. Sheldon, 458 Morrison v. YTB Int’l, Inc., 856 Network Prof’ls, Inc. v. Network Int’l Ltd., 622 Morrison, State ex rel. Moore v., 53 Network Sys. Corp. v. Masstor Sys. Corp., 692 Morse Bros. v. Mason, 710 Nevada v. Bank of Am. Corp., 856 Morton v. Brockman, 548 Newby v. Corp., 1021 Motion Control Corp. v. Sick, Inc., 167 New Eng. Estates, LLC v. Town of Branford, 1051 Motorola Credit Corp. v. Uzan, 155 New Eng. Health Care Employees Union, Dist. 1199 v. Mower v. Boyer, 1033 Fall River Nursing Home, Inc., 354, 361 MRO Commc’ns, Inc. v. American Tel. & Tel. Co., New Jersey Div. of Youth & Fam. Servs. v. R.D., 1064 471, 956 New Venture Gear, Inc. v. Fonehouse, 185 Mrozek v. Intra Fin. Corp., 1054 New York ex rel. Halvey v. Halvey, 1095 M/S Bremen v. Zapata Off-Shore Co., 412 New York Life Ins. Co. v. Deshotel, 191 M.T. McBrian, Inc. v. Liebert Corp., 890 New York Life Ins. Co. v. Dunlevy, 222, 796 Muhammed v. Welch, 626 New York Life Ins. Co. v. Hendren, 469 Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 270, Newman-Green, Inc. v. Alfonzo-Larrain, 88, 121, 122 315, 329, 334, 857 Newsham, United States ex rel. v. Lockheed Missiles Mullen v. Galati, 651 & Space Co., 540 Mullins v. Hinkle, 180 Newton v. Clinical Reference Lab., Inc., 545 Mullins v. State, 1066 Newton v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consol., 179 Multiple Resort Ownership Plan, Inc. v. Design-Build- Newton v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., Manage, Inc., 939 860 Munzer v. Swedish Am. Line, 875 Nichols v. Greater S.E. Cmty. Hosp., 639 Murphy v. Duquesne Univ. of the Holy Ghost, 1051 Nicodemus v. Union Pac. Corp., 67 Murphy v. Florida Keys Elec. Coop. Ass’n, Inc., 717 xliv TABLE OF CASES

Nielson ex rel. Nielson v. Spanaway Gen. Med. Clinic, Olympic Mills Corp., In re, 819 971 O’Marra v. Mackool, 1056 Nightingale Home Health Care, Inc. v. Anodyne OMI Holdings, Inc. v. Royal Ins. Co. of Can., 310 Therapy, LLC, 155 Omerod v. Heirs of Kaheananui, 1055 Nissho Iwai Corp. v. M/V Star Sapphire, 357 Omne Fin., Inc. v. Shacks, Inc., 412 Nitco Holding Corp. v. Boujikian, 1112 Omni Capital Int’l, Ltd. v. Rudolf Wolff & Co., 348, Noble v. White, 138, 155, 199 363 Nodak Mut. Ins. Co. v. Wamsley, 1091 Oncology Assocs., P.C., United States ex rel. Rahman Nolan v. Boeing Co., 116 v., 481, 666, 671 Noonan v. Wintston Co., 304 One 1981 Chevrolet Monte Carlo, State v., 966 Norfolk & W. Ry. Co. v. Central States Trucking Co., One Assortment of 89 Firearms, United States v., 1064 939 O’Nesti v. DeBartolo Realty Corp., 1067 Norfolk S. Corp. v. Chevron, U.S.A., Inc., 953 Oppenheimer Fund, Inc. v. Sanders, 873 Norfolk S. Ry. Co. v. Guthrie, 77 Orca Yachts, L.L.C. v. Mollicam, Inc., 704 Norman v. Sundance Spas, Inc., 191 Oregon Mut. Ins. Co. v. Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co., Norris v. Six Flags Theme Parks, Inc., 55 1076 North Dakota v. Fredericks, 170 Orion Tire Corp. v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 1032 North Ga. Finishing, Inc. v. Di-Chem, Inc., 677 Orleans Parish Sch. Bd., United States ex rel. Garibaldi Northbrook Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co. v. Allendale Mut. v., 554 Ins. Co., 548 Orltof v. Silver Bar Mines, 139, 150 North Country Envtl. Servs., Inc. v. Town of Bethle- Orso, In re, 552 hem, 1036 Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corp., 54, 846 Northeast Ill. Reg’l Commuter R.R. Corp. v. Hoey Osborn v. Bank of the United States, 56, 126, 127 Farina & Downes, 77 Osborn v. Kilts, 1080 Northon v. Rule, 486 Osguthorpe v. Wolf Mountain Resorts, L.C., 1076 Northwest Airlines, Inc. v. Astraea Aviation Servs., Oshana v. Coca-Cola Co., 143 Inc., 286 Owen Equip. & Erection Co. v. Kroger, 124, 128, 130, Northwest Airlines, Inc. v. Transport Workers Union of 148, 788, 816 Am., 568, 569 Owings v. Owings, 991 Northwest Forest Res. Council v. Dombeck, 560 Norton v. Town of Long Island, 1043, 1044 Pacific Employers Ins. Co. v. Sav-a-Lot, 644, 1113 Norwood v. Kirkpatrick, 426 Pacific Fisheries Corp. v. HIH Cas. & Gen. Ins., Ltd., Nottingham v. Elliott, 973 960 Nourison Rug Corp. v. Parvizian, 624 Pacific Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Haslip, 253 Novak v. Capital Mgmt. & Dev. Corp., 121, 483 Packard v. Provident Nat’l Bank, 110 Nowak v. Ironworkers Local Pension Fund, 155 Packett v. Stenberg, 155 Nowak v. Tak How Invs., Ltd., 307 Padilla-Mangual v. Pavía Hosp., 87 Nuance Commc’s, Inc. v. Abbyy Software House, 275 PAE Gov’t Servs., Inc. v. MPRI, Inc., 607 Nuesse v. Camp, 811 Palisades Collections, L.L.C. v. Shorts, 164 Nutrasweet Co. v. Vit-Mar Enters., Inc., 1018 Palkow v. CSX Transp., Inc., 64, 150 Nuwesra v. Merrill Lynch, Fenner & Smith, Inc., 659 Palmer & Cay, Inc. v. Marsh & McLennan Cos., 1106 Nyer v. Winterthur Int’l, 660 Palmer v. City Nat’l Bank, 170 Nylok Corp. v. Fastener World Inc., 350 Palmer v. Hoffman, 485, 509, 987 Pan Am. World Airways v. Port Auth., 990 Oak Park Trust & Sav. Bank v. Therkildsen, 718 Panavision Int’l, L.P. v. Toeppen, 325 Oakes v. Halvorsen Marine, Ltd., 547 Paramedics Electromedicina Comercial, Ltda v. GE Obendorfer v. Gitano Group, Inc., 148 Med. Sys. Info. Techs., Inc., 433 O’Brien v. City of Syracuse, 1037 Parex Bank v. Russian Sav. Bank, 420 O’Brien v. Delta Gas, Inc., 117 Park v. Tanaka, 940 O’Brien v. Indiana Dep’t of Correction ex rel. Turner, Parker v. Blanvelt Volunteer Fire Co., 1044 632 Parker v. Martin, 1038 O’Brien, In re, Marriage of, 645 Parker v. Parker, 1055 Ocasio Ortiz v. Betancourt Lebron, 631 Parker v. Scrap Metal Processors, Inc., 156 Ocello v. Koster, 940 Parklane Hosiery Co. v. Shore, 971 O’Connor v. Lee-Hy Paving Corp., 248 Parks v. Hayward’s Pit, Inc., 156 O’Connor v. Nevada, 156 Parson v. State Dep’t of Revenue, 1051 O’Connor v. O’Leary, 1076 Pasko v. City of Milwaukee, 1082 Office of Disc. Counsel v. Kiesewetter, 1064 Passa v. Derderian, 98, 172 Offshore Sportswear, Inc. v. Vuarnet Int’l, B.V., 1056 Patel v. Del Taco, Inc., 180 Ohio Pyro, Inc. v. Ohio Dep’t of Commerce Div., 1032 Paternity of (see name of party) Ohio-Sealy Mattress Mfg. Co. v. Kaplan, 1058 Patriot Commercial Leasing Co. v. Jerry Enis Motors, Ohlander v. Larson, 950 Inc., 1084 Oil Express Nat’l Inc. v. D’Alessandro, 615 Patterson v. Dean Morris, L.L.P., 199 Oja v. United States Army Corps of Eng’rs, 628 Paulownia Plantations de Pan. Corp. v. Rajamannan, Dep’t of Pub. Safety v. McCrady, 1043, 422 1056 Pavelic & LeFlore v. Marvel Entm’t Group, 651, 659 Oldfield v. Pueblo de Bahia Lora, S.A., 265 Paxton v. Southern Pa. Bank, 368 Oliver, State v., 1064 Payne v. Hook, 480 Olivieri v. Y.M.F. Carpet, Inc., 1055 PCH Assocs., In re, 1112 TABLE OF CASES xlv

Peacock v. Thomas, 150 Powder Basin Psychiatric Assocs., Inc. v. Ullrich, 1036 Pearson ex rel. Latta, Estate of v. Interstate Power & Powell v. Jacor Commc’ns Corporate, 522 Light Co., 704 Powerex Corp. v. Reliant Energy Servs., Inc., 197 Peay v. BellSouth Med. Assistance Plan, 356 Powers v. Graff, 636 Pebble Beach Co. v. Caddy, 357 PPS, Inc. v. Jewelry Sales Representatives, Inc., 363 Pecoraro v. Sky Ranch for Boys, Inc., 388 Prado-Steiman ex rel. Prado v. Bush, 860 Peck v. Williamson, 210, 211 Pratt v. Rowland, 382 Peebles v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc., Praxair, Inc. v. Slifka, 548 726 Preferred Capital, Inc. v. Sarasota Kennel Club, Inc., Peek v. Equipment Serv. Co., 48 477 Peile v. Skelgas, Inc., 415 Prescient Partners, L.P. v. Fieldcrest Cannon, Inc., 875 Penkul v. Matarazzo, 1085 Press v. Chemical Inv. Servs. Corp., 608 Penn v. Baltimore, 374 Prestage Farms, Inc. v. Norman, 829 Pennoyer v. Neff, 217, 221, 225, 227, 228, 234, 235, Preston v. Tenet Healthsystems Mem’l Med. Ctr., Inc., 236, 237, 241, 242, 292, 293, 298, 316, 334, 354, 195, 199 798 Pretka v. Kolter City Plaza II, Inc., 112 Pennsylvania Fire Ins. Co. v. Gold Issue Mining & Pretzel & Stouffer v. Imperial Adjusters, Inc., 940 Milling Co., 239 Price, Ex parte, 415 People v. _____ (see opposing party) Price v. FCC Nat’l Bank, 155 People ex rel. v. _____ (see opposing party and Price v. Johnson, 198 relator) Price v. Wolford, 820 Perez v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 552 Primerica Fin. Servs., Inc. v. Mitchell, 544 Perkins v. Benguet Consol. Mining Co., 260 Primrose Operating Co. v. National Am. Ins. Co., 553 Pernell v. Southall Realty, 978 Primus Auto. Fin. Servs., Inc. v. Batarse, 664 Perrignon v. Bergen Brunswig Corp., 910 Pritchett v. Office Depot, Inc., 857 Peters v. Rivers Edge Mining, Inc., 1051 Procopio v. Johnson, 155 Peterson v. BMI Refractories, 409 Proctor v. , Inc., 165 Peterson v. Feldmann, 418 Prodigy Ctrs./Atlanta No. 1 L.P. v. T-C Assocs., Ltd., Peterson v. Highland Music, Inc., 724 555 Petrello v. White, 1018 Professional Mgmt. Assocs., Inc. v. KPMG LLP, 661 Pfeiffer v. Insty Prints, 393 Provident Tradesmens Bank & Trust Co. v. Patterson, Philadelphia & Reading Ry. v. McKibbin, 238 756 Phillips v. Hunter, 205 Prudential Ins. Co. of Am. v. Hovis, 805 Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Shutts, 331, 845, 858 Prudential Ins. Co. of Am. Sales Practices Litig. Agent Phillips v. Toner, 1055 Actions, In re, 147 Phonometrics, Inc. v. Economy Inns of Am., 655 Prudential Oil Corp. v. Phillips Petroleum Co., 114 Picciotto v. Continental Cas. Co., 142, 767 Public Serv. Comm’n v. Wycoff Co., 78 Pierson Sand & Gravel, Inc. v. Keeler Brass Co., 1106 Publicis Commc’n v. True N. Commc’s, Inc., 414 Pilgrim v. Universal Health Card, LLC, 838 Purdue Pharna, L.P. v. Estate of Heffner, 169, 774 Pillsbury Co. v. Delta Boat & Barge Rental, Inc., 368 Pursue Energy Corp. v. Abernathy, 1051 Pinel v. Pinel, 110 Pusey & Jones Co. v. Hanssen, 480 Pintando v. Miami-Dade Hous. Agency, 135 Pioneer Inv. Servs. Co. v. Brunswick Assocs. Ltd. Quaak v. Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler P’ship, 939 Bedrijfservisoren, 433 Piper v. American Fidelity & Cas. Co., 688 Quality Pork Int’l v. Rupari Food Servs., Inc., 282 Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno, 420, 426, 489 Quick Techs., Inc. v. Sage Group PLC, 356, Pirtek, USA, L.L.C. v. Whitehead, 1088 Quill Corp. v. North Dakota ex rel. Heitkamp, 311, 321 Pittston Co. v. United States, 1036 Quixtar, Inc. v. Signature Mgmt. Team, LLC, 418 Plum Creek Dev. Co. v. City of Conway, 1037 Plunkett v. State, 1034 R & B Falcon Drilling, Inc. v. Noble Denton Group, Poche v. Texas Air Corps, Inc., 184 357 Poet v. Traverse City Osteopathic Hosp., 961 R & D Transport, Inc. v. A.H., 379 Pohlmann v. Bil-Jax, Inc., 1056 Radeljak v. Daimlerchrysler Corp., 418 Pokorny v. Salas, 1055 RADS, P.C. v. Mercy Mem. Hosp., 1100 Polk Cnty. Recreational Ass’n v. Susquehanna Patriot Rae v. Klusak, 631 Com. Leasing Co., 412 Rafael Rodriguez Barril, Inc. v. Conbraco Indus., Inc., Poller v. CBS, Inc., 948 477 Pollux Holding Ltd. v. Chase Manhattan Bank, 418, Ragan v. Merchants Transfer & Warehouse Co., 509 1110 Ragas v. Tennessee Gas Pipeline Co., 195, 196 Pomfret Farms Ltd. P’ship v. Pomfret Assocs., 711 Rahman, United States ex rel. v. Oncology Assocs., Poore v. American-Amicable Life Ins. Co., 167 P.C., 481, 666, 671 Popp Telecom, Inc. v. American Sharecom, Inc., 626 Railroad Co. v. Stout, 964 Popular Bank v. Banco Popular de P.R., 672 Railroad Comm’n v. Pullman Co., 1103 Porina v. Marward Shipping Co., 357 Rains v. State Dep’t of Soc. & Health Servs., 1110 Porter v. Coco, 1079 Rambur v. Diehl Lumber Co., 1041 Porter v. Roosa, 182 Range v. National R.R. Passenger Corp., 819 Porsche N.A., Inc. v. Porsch.com, 351, 352 Rannels v. S.E. Nichols, Inc., 593 Portland Water Dist. v. Town of Standish, 1036 Ranson, State ex rel. Riffle v., 415 Potts v. Benjamin, 548 Rantz v. Kaufman, 1032 xlvi TABLE OF CASES

RAR, Inc. v. Turner Diesel, Ltd., 269 Robert Mitchell Furniture Co. v. Selden Breck Constr. Rash v. Rash, 119 Co., 238 Rasmussen v. General Motors Corp., 261 Roberts v. Georgia, 350 Rates Tech., Inc. v. Nortel Networks Corp., 724 Robertson v. Railroad Labor Bd., 354 Ratliff v. Stewart, 665 Robinson v. Alter Barge Line, Inc., 155 Rattigan v. Wile, 1043 Robinson v. Campbell, 462 Raygor v. Regents of Univ. of Minn., 160 Robinson v. Clipse, 638 Raymond Bros. v. Green & Co., 701 Robinson v. Penn Cent. Co., 693 Real Estate Title & Settlement Servs. Antitrust Litig., Robinson v. Texhoma Limestone, Inc., 705 In re, 858 Roche v. John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co., 155, 156 Reasor-Hill Corp. v. Harrison, 375 Rockhold v. Rockhold, 469 Rector v. Approved Fed. Sav. Bank, 660 Rockwell Int’l Corp. v. United States, 86 Reddington v. Staten Island Univ. Hosp., 555 Rodas v. Seidlin, 170, 196 Reed Dairy Farm v. Consumers Power Co., 913 Rogers v. Bailey, 53 Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Prods., Inc., 989, 1010 Roe v. Aware Woman Ctr. for Choice, Inc., 739 Regents of the Univ. of Cal., In re, 404 Rojas v. Roman Catholic Diocese, 945 Reier Broad. Co. v. Montana State Univ.-Bozeman, Rolex Watch, U.S.A., Inc. v. Bulova Watch Co., 147 625 Rolwing v. Nestle Holdings, Inc., 111 Reiner, Reiner & Bendett, P.C. v. Cadle Co., 412 Rombach v. Chang, 608 Reinhardt v. Gulf Ins. Co., 661 Romero v. International Terminal Operating Co., 364 Reiser v. Residential Funding Corp., 552 Romo v. Gulf Stream Coach, Inc., 350 Reiss v. Reiss, 1033 Root v. Railway Co., 56 Rendall-Speranza v. Nassim, 1022 Rosa v. Allstate Ins. Co., 115 Rennels v. Rennels, 1054 Rosado v. Wyman, 154 Reno Air Racing Ass’n, Inc. v. McCord, 671 Rosario v. Witchin Co., 185 Republic of Pan. v. BCCI Holdings (Lux.) S.A., 355, Rosenbaum v. MacAllister, 1014 358, 359, 368 Rosenberg Bros. & Co. v. Curtis Brown Co., 261 Republic of Phil. v. Pimentel, 761, 808 Rosenblatt v. Ernst & Young Int’l, Ltd., 96 Rester v. McWane, Inc., 160 Rosenfeld, State ex rel. v. Boyer, 53 Reuber v. United States, 692 Rosenfeld v. Ungar, 910 Rey v. Classic Cars, 180 Ross v. Bernhard, 977, 982 Reynolds v. Clarke, 20 Roth v. Green, 660 Reynolds v. Hartford Accident & Idem. Co., 1049 Rothluebbers v. Obee, 418 R.F. Barron Corp. v. Nuclear Fields (Austl.) Pty. Ltd., Rothman v. Emory Univ., 156, 718 135 Rothstein v. Carriere, 302 R.H., In re, 1064 Rothtrock v. Ohio Farmers Ins. Co., 1049 Rhino Metals, Inc. v. Craft, 233 Rourke v. Amchem Prods., Inc., 1089 Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc., In re, 842 Rowan v. Runnels, 458 Richards v. Jefferson County, 337 Roxas v. Marcos, 286 Richards v. Select Ins. Co., 698 Royal Capital Dev. LLC v. Maryland Cas. Co., 555 Richardson v. First Nat’l Life Ins. Co., 48 RTC Mortgage Trust N-1 v. Fidelity Nat’l Title Ins. Richardson v. John F. Kennedy Mem. Hosp., 629 Co., 547 Richey v. Hill, State ex rel., 1033 Rucker v. Oasis Legal Fin. L.L.C., 476 Richmond v. American Sys. Corp., 179 Rucker v. Schmidt, 1077 Rick v. Wyeth, 560 Ruhrgas AG v. Marathon Oil Co., 54 Ridder v. City of Springfield, 652, 664 Rush v. Savchuk, 248, 270 Rieff v. Evans, 982 Russell v. City of Milwaukee, 349 Riemers v. Peters-Riemers, 1055 RWJ Mgmt. Co., Inc. v. BP Prods. N. Am., Inc., 155 Rienhardt v. Kelly, 120 Ryder v. Jefferson Hotel Co., 688 Riffle, State ex rel. v. Ranson, 415 Riggs Marine Service v. McCann, 257 S.A. Healy Co. v. Milwaukee Metro. Sewerage Dist., Riley v. Fairbanks Capital Corp., 778 486, 955 Riley v. Murdock, 901 Sadat v. Mertes, 88 Rinehart v. Locke, 1041 Saddler v. Alaska Marine Lines, Inc., 948 Rio Props., Inc. v. Rio Int’l Interlink, 334, 346 Salazar v. Allstate Texas Lloyd’s, Inc., 167, 169 Rishell v. Jane Phillips Episcopal Mem. Med. Ctr., 744, Salei v. Boardwalk Regency Corp., 182 758 Salina Reg. Health Ctr., Inc., United States ex rel. Rising-Moore v. Red Roof Inns, Inc., 107 Connor v., 510, 642 Ritchey v. Upjohn Drug Co., 191 Salve Regina College v. Russell, 557 Ritchie v. Grand Canyon Scenic Rides, 629 Sam Fox Publ’g Co. v. United States, 810 Rivera v. Bank One, 255 Samuel G. Keywell Co. v. Weinstein, 396 Riverside & Dan River Cotton Mills v. Menefee, 238 Sanders v. Hunter, 307 Riverwood Commercial Park, L.L.C. v. Standard Oil Sanders v. Seal Fleet, Inc., 406 Co., 1113 Sanders-Burns v. City of Plano, 638 Rivet v. Regions Bank, 71 Sandoval v. Sandoval, 1055 RK Co. v. See, 740 Sani-Dairy v. Yeutter, 384 Robb v. Norfolk & W. Ry. Co., 939 San Juan Cnty. v. United States, 811, 812 Robb Evans & Assocs., LLC v. Holibaugh, 131 San Remo Hotel, L.P. v. City & Cnty. of S.F., 1103 Robbins v. Jordan, 1004 Sargent Cnty. Bank v. Wentworth, 976 TABLE OF CASES xlvii

Saturn Sys., Inc. v. Saturn Corp., 650 Shady Grove Orthopedic Assocs., P.A. v. Allstate Ins. Saudi v. Acomarit Mars. Servs., S.A., 1056, 1086 Co., 501, 519, 526, 527, 730 Saudi v. Northrop Grumman Corp., 357 Shafer v. Kings Tire Serv., Inc., 954 S & W Enters., L.L.C. v. SouthTrust Bank, 624 Shaffer v. Heitner, 228, 243, 250, 252, 256, 270, 272, Sawtelle v. Farrell, 269 284, 311, 316, 318, 330, 351, 352, 353, 397, 706, Saxton v. ACF Indus., Inc., 631 801 Scaccianoce v. Hixon Mfg. & Supply Co., 778 Shahan v. Shahan, 1056 Scarano v. Central R.R. Co., 179, 1114 Shamblin v. City of Colchester, 717 Scarborough v. Principi, 626 Shamrock Oil & Gas Corp. v. Sheets, 164, 172 Scarfo v. Ginsberg, 154, 966 Shanaghan v. Cahill, 779 Schachter, State ex rel. v. Ohio Pub. Emps. Ret. Bd., Shapiro v. Logistec USA, Inc., 197 1079 Shapiro v. Republic of Bol., 386 Schaff v. Sun Line Cruises, Inc., 413 Sharps Run Assocs., L.P., In re, 628, 643 Scheufler v. General Host Corp., 640 Sharrow v. General Motors Acceptance Corp., 109 Schiavone v. Fortune, 628 Shea v. Esensten, 636 Schlagenhauf v. Holder, 922 Shell Offshore, Inc. v. Heeremac, 435 Scholz v. RDV Sports, Inc., 171 Shell Oil Co., In re, 197, 198 Schomann Int’l Corp. v. Northern Wireless, Ltd., 391 Shemo, State ex rel. v. City of Mayfield Heights, 1044 School Dist. v. Missouri, 368 Sheppard v. Exxon Co. U.S.A., 170, 192 Schroeder v. Morton Grove Police Pension Bd., 1041 Sheridan v. Jackson, 581 Schultea v. Wood, 596 Shields v. Barrow, 752, 755 Schultz v. Doyle, 1086 Shropshire v. Laidlaw Transp., Inc., 498 Schumert & Warfield v. Security Brewing Co., 1058 Siebrasse, In re Estate of, 1113 Schur v. L.A. Weight Loss Ctrs., Inc., 168 Shoshone Mining Co. v. Rutter, 57 Schwan’s Sales Enters., Inc. v. Idaho Transp. Dep’t, Shulthis v. McDougal, 57 1055 Sibbach v. Wilson & Co., 506, 520, 730, 1020 Schwan’s Sales Enters., Inc. v. SIG Pack, Inc., 471 Sidco Indus., Inc. v. Wimar Tahoe Corp., 387 Schwartz v. Rockey, 607 Siebrasse, In re Estate of, 1113 Schwartz v. System Software Assocs., Inc., 156 Sieglock v. Burlington N. Santa Fe Ry. Co., 838 Scott v. Ditto, 180 Siemion v. USX Corp., 400 Scott Paper Co. v. Scott’s Liquid Gold, Inc., 363 Sierra Club v. Espy, 810 Scottsdale Ins. Co. v. Subscription Plus, Inc., 778 Sikirica v. Nationwide Ins. Co., 189 Scottsdale Ins. Co. v. Tolliver, 542, 556 Sikorsky Aircraft Corp. v. Commissioner of Revenue SDDS, Inc. v. State, 375 Servs., 1063 Sea Containers Ltd. v. Stena AB, 432 Silcox v. United Trucking Servs., Inc., 1036 Seabrook v. Jacobson, 156 Silicon Graphics Inc. Sec. Litig., In re, 608 Sea-Land Serv., Inc. v. Lozen Int’l, LLC, 718 Simon v. Safelite Glass Corp., 1114 Sealed Case, In re, 875, 875, Simon v. Southern Ry. Co., 239 Sealey v. Fishkin, 636 Simons v. Miami Beach First Nat’l Bank, 245 Searles v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., 115 Simpson v. Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., 1077 Sears, Roebuck & Co., Ex parte, 1044 Simpson v. Loehmann, 248 Seattle Totems Hockey Club, Inc. v. National Hockey Sims v. Great Am. Life Ins. Co., 548 League, 433 Singer v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 192 SEC v. Bilzerian, 356 Sinochem Int’l Co. Ltd. v. Malaysia Int’l Shipping Co., SEC v. Carrillo, 357 55, 423 SEC v. First Jersey Sec., Inc., 645 S.J v. Issaquah Sch. Dist. No. 411, 510 SEC v. Internet Solutions for Bus., Inc., 940 Skelly Oil Co. v. Phillips Petroleum Co., 75, 77, 78 SEC v. Johnson, 371 Skoczylas v. Federal Bureau of Prisons, 631 SEC v. Ross, 827 S.L. ex rel. Susan L.v. Steven L., 319 SEC v. Smyth, 939 Slade’s Case, 21 Secure Fin. Serv., Inc. v. Popular Leasing USA, Inc., Slaff v. Slaff, 714 412 Slater v. Melton, 48 Security Abstract & Title Co. v. Smith Livestock, Inc., Slater v. Republic-Vanguard Ins. Co., 114 935 Slavchev v. Royal Caribbean Cruises, Ltd., 97 Security Credit Leasing, Inc. v. D.J.’s, Inc., 1089 Smallwood v. Illinois Cent. R.R. Co., 169 Security Pac. Hous. Servs., Inc. v. Friddle, 1014 SME Racks, Inc. v. Sistemas Mecanicos para Seider v. Roth, 248 Electronica, S.A., 418 Seiferth v. Helicopteros Atuneros, Inc, 693 Smilack, State ex rel. v. Bushong, 48 Selland, United States v., 393 Smith v. CSK Auto, Inc., 1036 Semenza v. Kniss, 203 Smith v. Cummings, 87, 746 Semtek Int’l, Inc. v. Lockheed Martin Corp., 500, 519, Smith v. Doe, 413 523, 529, 951, 1106 Smith v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court, 707 Sensient Colors, Inc. v. Allstate Ins. Co., 435 Smith v. GTE Corp., 109 Senter v. General Motors Corp., 834 Smith v. Kansas City Title & Trust Co., 61, 80 Serafini v. Superior Court, 262 Smith v. Kirkpatrick, 1037 Servicios Commerciales Andinos, S.A. v. General Elec. Smith v. Louisville Ladder Co., 499 Del Caribe, Inc., 471 Smith v. Midland Brake, Inc., 902 Servewell Plumbing, LLC v. Federal Ins. Co., 429, 477 Smith v. Rapid Transit, Inc., 989 Setlock v. Setlock, 1048 Smith v. Sperling, 861 xlviii TABLE OF CASES

Smith v. Swormstedt, 830 Stauffer Chem. Co., United States v., 1063 Smith v. U.S.R.V. Props., 1114 St. Clair v. Cox, 237 Smoke v. Norton, 810 Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env’t, 54 Smoot v. Mazda Motors of Am., Inc., 665 Steffes v. City of Lawrence, 671 Smuck v. Hobson, 811 Steigleman v. Jeffries, 701 Snapper, Inc. v. Redan, 171, 195 Steinlage ex rel. Smith v. Mayo Clinic Rochester, 116 Snead v. Metropolitan Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 541 Stevens v. Able, 701 Sniadach v. Family Fin. Corp., 677 Stephens, Commonwealth v., 1039 Snow v. DirecTV, Inc., 264 Stern v. Marshall, 120 Snow v. WRS Group, Inc., 514 Stevens v. Blevins, 415 Snyder v. Harris, 107, 108, 124, 852 Stevenson v. Wright, 1064 Snyder v. Pleasant Valley Finishing Co., 116 Stewart v. Bader, 1055, 1071 Société Nationale Industrielle Aérocspatiale v. United Stewart Elliott, 1076 States Dist. Court, 927 Stewart Org., Inc. v. Ricoh Corp., 426, 475 Society for Propagation of the Gospel v. Wheeler, 446 Stewart-Veal v. District of Columbia, 163 Society of Lloyd’s v. Ashenden, 1110 Stewart v. Hechtman, 1056 Society of Separationists, Inc. v. Herman, 1112 Stewart ex. rel. Stewart v. Rice, 966 Solid Waste Agency v. United States Army Corps of Stewart Title Guar. Co. v. Tilden, 1044 Eng’rs, 813 Stichting Ter Behartiging Van De Belangen Van Solloway v. Ellenbogen, 651 Oudaandeelhouders in Het Kapitaal Van Saybolt Soma Med. Int’l v. Standard Chartered Bank, 325 Int’l B.V. v. Schreiber, 555, 622, 742, 1113, 1114 Sommer v. Unum Life Ins. Co. of Am., 655 Stiftung v. Plains Mktg., L.P., 97 Somont Oil Co. v. A & G Drilling, Inc., 1030 St. Louis Boiler & Equip. Co., State ex rel. v. Gabbert, Sorbo v. United Parcel Serv., 1007 52 Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain, 569 St. Louis Smelting & Ref. Co. v. Hoban, 973 South Cent. Bell Tel. Co. v. Alabama, 337 St. Mary’s Traditional Roman Catholic Church, Inc. v. Southeast Floating Docks, Inc. v. Auto-Owners Ins. Eight Hundred, Inc., 794 Co., 557 Stoddard v. Hagadone Corp., 1076 Southern Gen. Ins. Co. v. Crews, 794 Stone v. Wall, 118 Southwest Livestock & Trucking Co. v. Ramon, 1111 Storm v. Storm, 120 Spearing v. Manhattan Oil Transp. Corp., 368 Stormwater NPDES Petition, In re, 1055 Spectrum Pool Prods., Inc. v. MW Golden, Inc., 311 Story v. Poineer Hous. Sys., Inc., 741 Spencer Sav. Bank, SLA v. Excell Mortgage Co., 902 St. Paul Mercury Indem. Co. v. Red Cab Co., 100, 101, Spiker v. Spiker, 1032 112 Spindel v. Spindel, 121 Strawbridge v. Curtiss, 84, 776, 788 Spivey v. Vertrue, Inc., 857 Strawn v. AT & T Mobility, Inc., 112 Sprague v. Ticonic Nat’l Bank, 480 Strickland v. Strickland, 619 Springfield City Sch. Support Personnel v. State Stringfellow v. Concerned Neighbors in Action, 1021 Employment Relations Bd., 44 Stromberg Metal Works, Inc. v. Press Mech., Inc., 136, Springman v. AIG Mktg., Inc., 173, 190 138, 778 Springmasters, Inc. v. D & M Mfg., 282 Stubbs v. Wyndham Nassau Resort, 263 Sprint Nextel Corp., In re, 856 Styskal v. Weld County Bd. of Cnty. Comm’rs, 525 Sprow v. Hartford Ins. Co., 368 Submersible Sys., Inc. v. Perforadora Cent., S.A. de Standard Fire Ins. Co. v. Knowles, 113 C.V., 357 Sta-Rite Indus., Inc. v. Allstate Ins. Co., 135 Suchta v. Robinett, 1049 Starr v. George, 1089 Sullivan v. DB Invs., Inc., 838 Stars’ Desert Inn Hotel & Country Club, Inc. v. Hwang, Sullivan v. Leaf River Forest Prods., Inc., 181 346 Sumitomo Copper Litig., In re, 860 State v. (see opposing party) Sun v. Board of Trustees, 869 State Bd. of Regents Univ. of Kan. Med. Ctr. v. Skin- Sun v. State, 1054 ner, 786 Sun Oil Co. v. Wortman, 245, 253, 331 State Bldg. Venture v. O’Donnell, 1062 Sunbelt Corp. v. Noble, Denton & Assocs. Inc., 410 State Dep’t of Human Servs. v. Fargo, 334 Sunpoint Sec., Inc. v. Porta, 778 State Dep’t of Revenue v. Exxon Mobil Corp., 1055 Supervisors of Kewaunee Cnty. v. Decker, 584 State Dep’t of Transp. v. Juliano, 1032 Support Ministries for Persons with AIDS, Inc. v. State ex rel. v. _____ (see opposing party & relator) Village of Waterford, 156 State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. v. Tashire, 84, 127 Supreme Tribe of Ben-Hur v. Cauble, 830, 851, 863 State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., Ex parte, 782 Surprise v. GTE Serv. Corp., 184 State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Kunz, 41 Sutcliffe Storage & Warehouse Co. v. United States, State Nat’l Ins. Co. v. Yates, 719 1038 State of (see name of state) Swaim v. Fogle, 513 State Office of Child Support Enforcement v. Willis, Swan v. Ray, 774 1053 Swanson v. Traer, 861 State Trading Corp. of India, Ltd. v. Assurance- Swarb v. Lennox, 836 foreningen Skuld, 698 Swierkiewicz v. Sorema, 594, 596 State Univ. Coll. Sys. v. Sutton, 1055 Swift v. Tyson, 439, 443, 446, 448, 454, 462, 464, 469, Statler v. Catalano, 1063 493, 563 Statutory Comm. of Unsecured Creditors v. Motorola, Swiger v. Allegheny Energy, Inc., 93 Inc., 904 Swint v. Chambers Cnty. Comm’n, 1022 TABLE OF CASES xlix

Swiss Am. Bank, Ltd., United States v., 348, 365 Topps v. State, 1055 Symes v. Harris, 85 Torre v. Brickey, 514 Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. v. Henson, 71 Torres v. Bayer Corp., 542 (U.S.A.) v. GMReis, 366 Torres v. Southern Peru Copper Corp., 63, 96 Szafarowicz v. Gotterup, 357 Torres v. Wendco, Inc., 499 Szantay v. Beech Aircraft Corp., 484, 485, 490 Toucet v. Maritime Overseas Corp., 1006 Touch Com, Inc. v. Bereskin & Parr, 366 Tabas, Estate of, In re, 139 Touche Ross & Co. v. Redington, 568 Takacs v. Philadelphia & Reading Ry. Co., 239 Touris v. Flathead Cnty., 1038 Tank v. Chronister, 116 Town & Country Kids, Inc. v. Protected Venture Inv. Tanoh v. Dow Chem. Co., 99 Trust #1, Inc., 939 Tapscott v. MS Dealer Serv. Corp., 109 Town of Delafield v. Winkelman, 1065 Tarver v. Keach, 469 Town of Hempstead v. City of New York, 375 Tauza v. Susquehanna Coal Co., 239 Town of Jaffrey v. Town of Fitzwilliam, 156 Taylor v. Highland Park Corp., 973 Toys “R” Us, Inc. v. Step Two, S.A., 325 Taylor v. Sturgell, 1109 Tracinda Corp. v. DaimlerChrysler AG, 960 Taylor, In re, 657 Tradecomet.com, LLC v. Google, Inc., 426 Taylor v. Taylor, 1077 Transaero, Inc. v. La Fuerza Aerea Boliviana, 1056 Taylor v. Washington Terminal Co., 1018 Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis, 568 Tazoe v. Airbus S.A.S., 418 Trapnell v. Sysco Food Servs., Inc., 971 T.C., In re, 1054 Traveler’s Health Ass’n v. Virginia ex rel. State Corp. TCI, Ltd., In re, 651 Comm’n, 309 Teck Gen. P’ship v. Crown Cent. Petroleum Corp., 950 Travelers Ins. Co. v. Joachim, 1038 Ted Lapidus, S.A. v. Vann, 664 Travelers Ins. Co. v. Keeling, 171 Tedford v. Warner-Lambert, Co., 193, 196 Travelers Ins. Co. v. Swolsky, 395 Teel v. United Techs. Pratt & Whitney, 543 Travis v. Anthes Imperial, Ltd., 692 Telamerica Media, Inc. v. AMN Television Mktg., 385 Travis v. Irby, 169 Tel-Com Mgmt., Inc. v. Waveland Resort Inns, Inc., Trial of William Butler for Piracy, 456 1090 Tri-State Found. Repair & Waterproofing, Inc. v. Tellabs, Inc. v. Makor Issues & Rights, Ltd., 597, 608 Permacrete Sys., Inc., 477 Temple v. Synthes, Ltd., 756 Tropf v. Fidelity Nat’l Title Ins. Co., 661 Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Implants Prods. Liab. Troxell v. Fedders of N. Am., Inc., 350 Litig., In re, 431 Troy Bank v. G.A. Whitehead & Co., 109 Tenneco Oil Co. v. Templin, 36, 714 Truck Accident Near Alamagordo, In re, 431 Testa v. Katt, 399 Truck-A-Tune, Inc. v. Re, 800 Texas ex rel. Board of Regents v. Walker, 185 Truck Ins. Exch. v. Ashland Oil, Inc., 1054 Texas Hosp. Ass’n v. National Heritage Ins. Co., 180 Trulis v. Barton, 664 Texas Indus., Inc. v. Radcliff Materials, Inc., 568, 569 Trustees of Constr. Indus. & Laborers Health & Wel- Textile Workers Union of Am. v. Lincoln Mills, 567 fare Trust v. Desert Valley Landscape & Maint., Inc., Thacker v. City of Hyattsville, 1106 154, 155 TH Agric. & Nutrition, LLC v. Ace European Group T St. Dev., LLC v. Dereje, 150 Ltd., 266 Tull v. United States, 979, 981, 982 Thatcher v. Hanover Insurance Group, Inc., 950 Tulsa Prof’l Collection Servs., Inc. v. Pope, 335 Thatton v. International Bhd. of Painters, 184 Turnbow v. Pacific Mut. Life Ins. Co., 1101 Thaxton v. Vaughan, 835 Turner v. Rogers, 674 The (see word following “the”) Turner/Ozanne v. Hyman/Power, 824 Thermtron Prods., Inc. v. Hermansdorfer, 198 Tutor Time Child Care Sys., Inc. v. Franks Inv. Group, Tho Dinh Tran v. Alphonse Hotel Corp., 626 Inc., 544 Thomas v. Barton Lodge II, Ltd., 708 Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp. v. Taylor, 177 Thompson v. Southern Farm Bureau Cas. Ins. Co., 954 Tyler v. Hannaford Bros., 1058 Thompson v. Whitman, 313 Tylka v. Gerber Prods. Co., 121 Thomson v. Wooster, 937 Thornton v. Alpine Home Ctr., 1044 UAW v. Hoosier Cardinal Corp., 570 Thornton v. General Motors Corp., 659 uBid, Inc. v. Godaddy Group, Inc., 327 Threlkeld v. Colorado, 325 Underwriters at Lloyd’s London v. Osting-Schwinn, 92 Ticor Title Ins. Co. v. Brown, 843 Ungaro-Benages v. Dresdner Bank AG, 569 Ticor Title Co. v. Stanion, 1055 Union Bank v. Jolly’s Adm’rs, 459 Tien Fu Hsu v. County of Clark, 1113 Union Nat’l Bank v. Universal-Cyclops Steel Corp., TIG Ins. Co. v. Reliable Research Co., 818 714 Tiller v. Atlantic Coast Line R.R. Co., 627 Union Pac. R.R. Co., United States v., 354 Tilyou v. Carroll, 116 Union Planters Bank, N.A. v. New York, 555 Tilzer v. Davis, Bethune & Jones, L.L.C., 1047 Unique Concepts, Inc. v. Manuel, 717 Tirne Prods., PLC v. J. Tiras Classic Handbags, Inc., United-Bilt Homes, Inc. v. Sampson, 711 385 United Bhd. of Carpenters of Am., Ex parte, 289 T.L. ex rel. Ingram v. United States, 46 United Capitol Ins. Co. v. Kapiloff, 719 Tokarz v. Texaco Pipeline, Inc., 779 United Electrical Workers of Am. v. 163 Pleasant St. Toland v. Sprague, 354 Corp., 361 Tongkook Am., Inc. v. Shipton Sportswear Co., 102 United Fire & Cas. Co. v. Shelly Funeral Home, Inc., Top Entm’t Inc. v. Ortega, 657 1078 l TABLE OF CASES

United Fire & Cas. Ins. Co. v. Garvey, 553 Vulcan Materials Co. v. Alabama Ins. Guar. Ass’n, United Liberty Life Ins. Co. v. Pinnacle W. Capital 415, 419 Corp., 389 United Mine Workers, United States v., 676 Wabash R.R. v. Adelbert College of W. Reserve Univ., United Mine Workers v. Gibbs, 126, 128, 153, 155 830 United States v. _____ (see name of defendant) Wachetl ex rel. Jesse v. Guardian Life Ins. Co., 838 United States ex rel. v. (see opposing party and Wachovia Bank v. Schmidt, 90 relator) Wade v. Danek Med., Inc., 542 United States Fin. Sec. Litig., In re, 982 Waicker v. Colbert, 434 United States Gypsum Co., United States v., 1025 Walker v. Armco Steel Corp., 514, 522 United States Trust Co. v. United States Fire Ins. Co., Walker v. City of Birmingham, 676, 906 217 Walker v. City of Huntsville, 1056 United Steel Workers Int’l Union v. Shell Oil Co., 854 Walker v. City of Hutchinson, 335 United Steel Workers of Am. v. R.H. Bouligny, Inc., 92 Walker v. Kazi, 1014, 1015 Unitherm Food Systems, Inc. v. Swift-Eckrich, Inc., Walker v. Witter, 205 1111 Walk Haydel & Assocs., Inc. v. Coastal Power Prod. Unitrin, Inc., Ex parte, 292 Co., 294 Universal Licensing Corp. v. Paola del Lungo S.P.A., Wall v. Stinson, 1086 96 Wallace v. Louisiana Citizens Prop. Ins. Corp., 98 University of S. Ala. v. American Tobacco Co., 54 Walls v. Horbach, 885 Unum Life Ins. Co. of Am. v. Wright, 1051 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, 834, 845 Unterweser Reederei, In re, 433 Walton v. Lee, 991 Unwitting Victim v. C.S., 739 Wamsley v. Nodak Mut. Ins. Co., 1090 Urfirer v. Cornfeld, 1053 Ward v. County of Ingham, 184 USPPS, Ltd. v. Avery Dennison Corp., 69 Ware v. Hedges, 386 USX Corp. v. Barnhart, 626 Warner v. Houghton, 232 Warth v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 115, 116 Vacation Village, Inc. v. Clark Cnty., 552 Warthman v. Genoa Twp. Bd. of Trustees, 200 Vagenas v. Continental Gin Co., 1110 Wasco Prods., Inc. v. Southwall Techs., Inc., 608 Valley Bank v. Ginsburg, 1014 Washington ex rel. Bond & Goodwin & Tucker, Inc. v. Valley Hosp. Ass’n, Inc. v. Brauneis, 938 Superior Ct., 238 Van Berkel v. Fox Farm & Road Mach., 650 Washington Metro. Area Transit Auth. v. D.C. Dep’t of Van Dissel v. Jersey Central Power & Light Co., 971 Employment Servs., 1044 Van Dusen v. Barrack, 425, 426, 471 Washington Mut. Bank v. Superior Court, 838 Van Riemsdyk v. Kane,446 Waste Control Specialists, LLC v. Envirocare, Inc., 198 Vandenbark v. Owens-Illinois Glass Co., 554 Waste Mgmt. Holdings, Inc. v. Mowbray, 198, 860 Vandenberg v. Superior Court, 1076 Water Rights, In re, 1055 Vanderbilt v. Vanderbilt, 245, 318 Water Works & Sewer Bd., Ex parte, 713 Vanvelzor v. Vanvelzor, 724 Waterman v. Canal-Louisiana Bank & Trust Co., 121 Vardon Golf Co. v. BBMG Golf Ltd., 873 Watkins v. Peacock, 1080 Variable-Parameter Fixture Dev. Corp. v. Morpheus Watson v. Phillip Morris Cos., 164 Lights, Inc., 404 Watson v. Tarpley, 459 Varilek v. City of Houston, 1055 Wayman v. Southard, 533, 536, 1020 Varner v. Gulf Ins. Co., 1014 Weaver v. Texas Capital Bank, 1036 Vasquez v. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., 419, 501 Webb v. Banquer, 116 Vasquez, In re, 555 Webb v. Nashville Area Habitat for Humanity, Inc., Vatacs Group, Inc. v. Homeside Lending, Inc., 970 605 Vaughan v. Southern Ry. Co., 115 Webber, In re, 1084 Vaught v. Showa Denko, K.K., 542 Weber v. GAF Corp., 552 Vax-D Med. Techs., LLC v. Texas Spine Med. Ctr., Webster Cnty. Lumber Co., Inc. v. Wayne, 77 619 Weinisch v. Sawyer, 973 VDI Techs. v. Price, 302 Weisgal v. Smith, 629 Veeder v. Omaha Tribe, 139 Weisgram v. Marley Co., 1011 Velasquez v. Franz, 1041 Weiss v. Weiss, 1036 Versa Prods., Inc. v. Home Depot, USA, Inc., 950 Welch Foods, Inc. v. Packer, 392 Viacom Int’l, Inc. v. Kearney, 790 Wellness Cmty.-Nat’l v. Wellness House, 135 Vicknair v. Phelps Dodge Indus., Inc., 419 Wells v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 1010 Vijil, State v., 48 Wells Fargo Bank v. WMR e-Pin, LLC, 90 Vinson v. Hamilton, 980 Wendt v. Horowitz, 255 Virginia Elec. & Power Co. v. Westinghouse Elec. Wendt v. Leonard, 664 Corp., 738 Wesley v. General Motors Acceptance Corp., 147, 717 Vischering, Estate of, In re, 347 West v. Buchanan, 629 Vlasak v. Rapid Collection Sys., Inc., 255 West Afr. Trading & Shipping Co. v. London Int’l Volkswagen AG, In re, 426 Group, 364 Volkswagen Interamericana, S.A. v. Rohlsen, 363 West Va. Dep’t of Health, State ex rel. v. Cline, 1051 Volkswagen of Am., Inc., In re, 426 Wester v. Crown Controls Corp., 550 Volvo Cars of N. Am. v. Ricci, 555 Westerfeld v. Independent Processing, L.L.C., 856 Von Cos. v. Seabest Foods, Inc., 270 Western Equities, Ltd. v. Hanseatic, Ltd., 364 Von Schack v. Von Schack, 318 Westlake v. Abrams, 835 TABLE OF CASES li

Wetzel, State v., 1064 Women Prisoners of D.C. Dep’t of Corrections v. White v. New Hampshire Dep’t of Employment Sec., District of Columbia, 156 1008 Wong v. Cayetano, 1106 White v. State Dep’t of Natural Res., 1036 Woodke v. Dahm, 382 White, State ex rel. v. Brandt, 938 Woodruff v. Young, 733 Whitehead v. Food Max, 654 Woods v. Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ., 629 Whitmire v. Victus Ltd., 121 Woods v. Interstate Realty Co., 483, 487, 492, 510, Whitney, In re, 1055 513, 750 Whitney Nat’l Bank v. Chatelain, 789 Woods v. Young, 1036 Whittaker v. United Airlines, Inc., 636 Woodward v. City of Waterbury, 1058 Wickenhauser v. Lehtinen, 1048 Woodward Governor Co. v. Curtiss-Wright Flight Sys., Wilborn, In re, 838 Inc., 567 Wild v. Subscription Plus, Inc., 428 Worker’s Comp. Claim of Jacobs, In re, 1056 Wilkes ex rel. Mason v. Phoenix Home Life Ins. Co., WorldCom Sec. Litig., In re, 163 840, 1093 World Tanker Carriers Corp. v. M/V Ya Mawlaya, 364 Wilkinson, State ex rel. Mora v., 1044 World Trade Center Props., L.L.C. v. Hartford Fire Ins. Will v. Hallock, 1021 Co., 717 Will v. United States, 1020 World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 270, 272, William Butler for Piracy, Trial of, 456 274, 294, 304, 306 Williams v. Boeing Co., 627 Worthington v. Wilson, 631, 636 Williams v. Costco Wholesale Corp., 168 Wright v. Associated Ins. Cos., 156 Williams v. Florida, 981 Wright v. Tower, 210 Williams v. Green Bay & W. R.R. Co., 489 W.S. Frey Co. v. Heath, 335 Williams v. Holland, 21 Wyeth, State ex rel. v. Grady, 417 Williams v. Homeland Ins. Co., 856 Wyman v. Newhouse, 232 Williams v. Lakeview Co., 289, 295 Wynder v. McMahon, 596 Williams v. Moody, 345 Williams v. North Carolina, 237, 244 Yahoo! Inc. v. La Ligue Contre Le Racisme et Williams v. Ragnone, 184, 200 L’Antisemitisme, 303 Williams v. Robinson, 711 Yanez v. Columbia Coastal Transp., Inc., 635 Williams v. Williams, 1086 Yavuz v. 61 MM, Ltd., 418 Williams v. WMX Techns., 608 Yeldell v. Tutt, 622, 724 Willis v. Crumbly, 1043 Yerushalayim v. United States Dep’t of Corrections, Willis v. Roche Biomedical Labs., Inc., 554 636 Wilmans v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 75 Yim K. Cheung v. Wing Ki Wu, 698 Wilson v. Celestral Greetings, Inc., 378 Yniques v. Cabral, 168 Wilson v. City of Atlantic City, 631 York Research Corp. v. Landgarten, 817 Wilson v. Garcia, 567 York v. Guaranty Trust Co., 832 Wilson v. Lucerne Canal & Power Co., 1029 York v. Texas, 233 Wilson v. Mason, 453 Young v. New Haven Advocate, 302 Wilson v. MacDonald, 1054 Young v. Powell, 761 Wilson v. Merrill Dow Pharm., Inc., 1113 Young v. Prudential Ins. Co., 1021 Wilson v. Omaha Indian Tribe, 569 Young v. United States, 888 Wilson v. Republic Iron & Steel Co., 165 Youren v. Tintic Sch. Dist., 935, 1032 Wilson v. Resnick, 887 Yousuf v. Samantar, 901 Wilton v. Seven Falls Co., 475, 806 Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 838 Zab, Inc. v. Berenergy Corp., 76 Windsor v. Martindale, 902 Zacharia v. Harbor Island Spa, Inc., 103 Windy City Metal Fabricators & Supply, Inc. v. CIT Zahn v. International Paper Co., 108, 124, 777, 852 Tech. Fin. Servs., Inc., 540 Zapata v. City of New York, 351 Winkler v. Bethell, 1038 ZB Holdings, Inc. v. White, 138, 155, 768 Winn v. North Am. Philips Corp., 147, 156 Zebley v. Heartland Indus., 116 Winn v. Panola-Harrison Elec. Coop., Inc., 116 Zeno v. United States, 1055 Winnebago Indus., Inc. v. Haverly, 1055 Zettle v. Gillmeister, 703 Wireless Tel. Fed. Cost Recovery Fees Litig., In re, 778 Zewe v. Law Firm of Adams & Reese, 139 Wisconsin Dep’t of Corrections v. Schacht, 167 Zhang v. Department of Labor & Immigration, 162 Wisecarver v. Moore, 120 Zhu v. Whinery, 412 Wisland v. Admiral Beverage Corp., 429, 430, 474 Zinn v. Gichner Sys. Group, 405 Wiwa v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., 361 Zippo Mfg. Co. v. Zippo Dot Com, Inc., 325, 326 WMX Techs., Inc. v. Miller, 1018 Zocaras v. Castro, 739 W.N.J. v. Yocom, 121, 739 Zora v. State Ethics Comm’n, 980 Wojtas v. Capital Guardian Trust Co., 950 Zubulake v. UBS Warburg LLC, 897 Wolde v. Vocational Instruction Project Cmty. Servs., Zurich Am. Ins. Co. v. Integrand Assurance Co., 101, 102, 779 778 Wolfert ex rel. Estate of Wolfert v. Transamerican Zurich Ins. Co. v. Sigourney, 93 Home First, Inc., 834 Wolford v. JoEllen Smity Psychiatric Hosp., 919 ‡ Wolford v. Lasater, 1041

CIVIL PROCEDURE