FREE ALDEBARAN: GROUP V. 2 PDF Leo | 96 pages | 16 Jan 2009 | CINEBOOK LTD | 9781905460700 | English | Ashford, United Kingdom NAO the humanoid and programmable robot | SoftBank Robotics Aldebaran is the brightest star in the zodiac constellation Taurus. It is the fourteenth-brightest star in the night sky and it is believed to host a planet nicknamed Aldebaran b. Since the star is visible to the naked eye, many cultures and civilizations have recorded Aldebaran and attributed the star with many different myths and religious symbolism. Aldebaran has evolved off the main sequence stage of its life and exhausted Aldebaran: Group v. 2 supply of hydrogen fuel in its core. Because of this, the star has brightened and expanded its radius. The origin of Aldebaran is still a mystery to scientists. It is speculated that it formed around 6. Its origins remain unknown to this day. It is thus around 44 times bigger than our sun. Though it is much bigger than our sun, it has only 1. This small variability cannot be seen with the naked eye, but it puts Aldebaran in the low irregular type LB stars. Since its core collapsed into a degenerate helium core, it has ignited a shell of hydrogen outside its core. Aldebaran is losing its mass at about one entire Earth per This creates an extended molecular outer atmosphere where the temperatures are cool enough for molecules of gas to form. This region Aldebaran: Group v. 2 2. Outside this sphere, its stellar winds continue to expand forming a roughly spherical astrosphere of around 1. It is rumored that Aldebaran has an exoplanet named Aldebaran b. This planet is supposed to be several times Aldebaran: Group v. 2 than Jupiter. In however, more arduous observations and analysis put the existence of the exoplanet in serious doubt. It is now suggested that in order for the data to be accurate, Aldebaran would need to have 2 exoplanets or none at all. Observations still continue to this day in order to end this dispute. Aldebaran is located in the constellation of Taurus. It is the brightest Aldebaran: Group v. 2 in the constellation and appears to be part of the Hyades cluster when viewed from Earth. Though it appears Aldebaran: Group v. 2 be part of the Hyades cluster, modern measurements show that it is actually in a different region of space. The Hyades cluster is around 60 light-years farther away from Aldebaran. The Taurus constellation is one of the oldest documented constellations. Its origins stretch back Aldebaran: Group v. 2 least as far as the Bronze Age. Aldebaran seems to have five faint stars which appear close to it. Analysis suggests that these stars are not bound to Aldebaran but some of them are binary stars. Though the Pioneer 10 probe is set on a route towards Aldebaran, it will reach the star in around 2 million years. Before this, the star Aldebaran: Group v. 2 continue to expand in size and luminosity and eventually, it will become a full-fledged red giant that will be over times as bright as the sun. The left eye is marked Aldebaran: Group v. 2 the Epsilon Tauri star. It was known to them as Tascheter. The German conspiracy theorist Axel Stoll considered the star the home of the Aryan race and the target of expeditions by the Wehrmacht. The star varies slowly in brightness between magnitude 0. This cannot be seen through the naked eye though. Thus Aldebaran is a slightly variable star assigned to the low irregular type LB. Aldebaran hosts a star named Aldebaran b which is several times the mass of Jupiter. Aldebaran is over times as luminous as our sun, but it is way cooler. It has a surface temperature of 3. It has a radius of about 44 times that of the sun. Aldebaran completes a rotation in about days. The star has a surface gravity of 1. Aldebaran has a magnetic field strength of around 0. The probe Pioneer 10 is headed Aldebaran: Group v. 2 the general direction of Aldebaran. Aldebaran is around 6. Since the star is 5. Due to its position Aldebaran: Group v. 2 the sky, Aldebaran is sometimes called the Eye of Taurus. Aldebaran / Alpha Tauri 2 It is the brightest star in Taurus and generally the fourteenth-brightest star in the night sky, though it varies slowly in brightness between magnitude 0. Aldebaran is believed to host a planet several times the mass of Jupiternamed Aldebaran b. It spins slowly and takes days to complete a rotation. The planetary exploration probe Pioneer 10 is heading in the general direction of the star and should make its closest approach in about two million years. It has the Flamsteed designation 87 Tauri as the 87th star in the constellation of approximately 7th magnitude or brighter, ordered by right ascension. It also has the Bright Star Catalogue numberthe HD numberand the Hipparcos catalogue numbermostly seen in scientific publications. It is a variable star listed in the General Catalogue of Variable Starsbut it is listed using its Bayer designation and does not have a separate variable star designation. Aldebaran is one of the easiest stars to find in the night skypartly due to its brightness and partly due to being near one Aldebaran: Group v. 2 the more noticeable asterisms in the sky. Following the three stars of Orion's belt in the opposite direction to Siriusthe first bright star encountered is Aldebaran. The star is, by chance, in the line of sight between the Earth and the Hyadesso it has the appearance of being the brightest member of the open clusterbut the cluster that forms the bull's-head-shaped asterism is more than twice as far away, at about light years. Aldebaran Aldebaran: Group v. 2 5. Such occultations occur when the Moon's ascending node is near the autumnal equinox. Australia or South Africa can never Aldebaran: Group v. 2 an Aldebaran occultation since it is too far south of the ecliptic. A reasonably accurate estimate for the diameter of Aldebaran was obtained during the occultation of 22 September This, as well as observations of the changing positions of stars Sirius and Arcturusled to the discovery of proper motion. This star was shown to be itself a close double star by S. Follow on measurements of proper motion showed that Herschel's companion was diverging from Aldebaran, and hence they were not physically connected. However, the companion discovered by Burnham had almost exactly the same proper motion as Aldebaran, suggesting that the two formed a wide binary star system. Working at his private observatory in Tulse HillEnglandin William Huggins performed the first studies of the spectrum of Aldebaran: Group v. 2, where he was able to identify the lines of nine elements, including ironsodiumcalciumand magnesium. InEdward C. Pickering at the Harvard College Observatory used a photographic plate to capture fifty absorption lines in the spectrum of Aldebaran. This became part of the Draper Cataloguepublished in Bythe photographic technique had improved to the point that it was possible to measure a star's radial velocity from the amount of Doppler shift in the spectrum. Vogel and his assistant Julius Scheiner. Aldebaran was observed using an interferometer attached to the Hooker Telescope at the Mount Wilson Observatory in in order to measure its angular diameter Aldebaran: Group v. 2, but it was not resolved in these observations. The extensive history of observations of Aldebaran led to it being included in the list of 33 stars chosen as benchmarks for the Gaia mission to calibrate derived stellar parameters. The collapse of the centre of the star into a degenerate helium core has ignited a shell of hydrogen outside the core and Aldebaran is now on the red giant branch RGB. It has a surface gravity of 1. Measurements by the Hipparcos satellite and other sources put Aldebaran around The angular diameter of Aldebaran has been measured many times. The value adopted Aldebaran: Group v. 2 part of the Gaia benchmark calibration is Aldebaran is a slightly variable starassigned to Aldebaran: Group v. 2 slow irregular type LB. The General Catalogue of Variable Stars indicates variation between apparent magnitude 0. The photosphere shows abundances of carbonoxygenand nitrogen that suggest the giant has gone through its first dredge-up stage—a normal step in the evolution of a star into a red giant during which material from deep within the star is Aldebaran: Group v. 2 up to the surface by convection. However, small scale magnetic fields may still be present in the lower atmosphere, resulting from convection turbulence near the surface. The measured strength of the magnetic field Aldebaran: Group v. 2 Aldebaran is 0. Beyond the chromosphere of Aldebaran is an extended molecular outer atmosphere MOLsphere where the temperature is cool enough for molecules of gas to form. This region lies at about 2. The spectrum reveals lines of carbon monoxidewaterand titanium oxide. Five faint stars appear close to Aldebaran in the sky. These double star components were given upper-case Latin letter designations more or less in the order of their discovery, with the letter Aldebaran: Group v. 2 reserved for the primary star. Some characteristics of these components, Aldebaran: Group v. 2 their position relative to Aldebaran, are shown in the table. Some surveys, for example Gaia Data Release 2[44] have indicated that Alpha Tauri B may have about the same proper motion and parallax as Aldebaran and thus may be a physical binary system. These measurements are difficult, since the dim B component appears so close to the bright primary star, and the margin of error is too large to establish or exclude a physical relationship between the two.