Back Reactions Prize Crossword

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Back reactions Prize Crossword N.A. Davies 1 Across Down 3. Protective system (6) 1. Of, or relating to teeth (6) 2 6. Somewhere you may shoot 2. Science of living matter (7) 3 4 from (3) 3. Put or fix firmly (7) 5 7. Elevated execution platform (8) 4. Interwoven structure (4) 6 7 8. An action said to be done with 5. Hard, brittle material. Typically extreme precision (8) a metal combined with oxygen 9. An action undertaken by two and/or carbon (7) 8 Downloaded from http://portlandpress.com/biochemist/article-pdf/40/1/52/851846/bio040010052.pdf by guest on 26 September 2021 or more in conjunction (5) 8. A pearl’s outermost layer (4) 9 10 11 13. The art or science of restoring 10. Soft gauzy paper (6) or maintaining health (8) 11. Curved transparent materials (6) 12 13 14. A reaction by an organism to a 12. Spiral shaped aural cavity (8) stimulus (8) 15. For stitching (6) 14 15 16. Made up of disparate parts or 16. That which binds, builds and 16 17 18 elements (9) unites (6) 19. Stifle (4) 17. High molecular weight 20. ______implants were often compound, formed from many 19 made of silicone (6) smaller molecules (7) 18. Small expandable tubes for opening vessels (6) 20 Solutions to the crossword featured in the December 2017 issue are: Across: 5. Hydrothermal, 8. Vent, 9. Life, 12. Protostome, 14. Insects, 15. Alkaline, 17. UV radiation, 18. Sugar. Down: 1. Xerophile, 2. Lichen, 3. Endospore, 4. Mars, 6. Acid, 7. Piezophile, 10. Ant, 11. Pressure, 13. Salinity, 15. Anaerobe, 16. Krill. Crossword Competition Win This month’s crossword prize is a Lab Science Pocket Notebook 4-pack from Cognitive Surplus. Simply email the missing word, made up from letters in the highlighted boxes to [email protected], by Monday 12 March 2018. Please include the words ‘February crossword competition’ in the email subject line. Congratulations to the winner of the December competition: Tansy Hammarton from the University of Glasgow The missing word from last issue’s competition was Deinococcus radiodurans. Tansy received a soft toy Waterbear (Hypsibius Dujardini) from Giant Microbes. Terms and conditions: only one entry per person, entrant must be a current Biochemical Society member; closing date Monday 12 March 2018. The winner will be drawn independently at random from the correct entries received. The winner will receive a Lab Science Pocket Notebook 4-Pack from CognitiveSurplus. No cash alternative available. No employee, agent, affiliate, officer or director of Portland Press Limited or the Biochemical Society is eligible to enter. The winner will be notified by email within 7 days of the draw. The name of the winner will be announced in the next issue of The Biochemist. The promoter accepts no responsibility for lost or delayed entries. Promoter: Biochemical Society, Charles Darwin House, 12 Roger Street, London WC1N 2JU; do not send entries to this address. 52 February 2018 © Biochemical Society.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Life at Low Water Activity
Published online 12 July 2004 Life at low water activity W. D. Grant Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK ([email protected]) Two major types of environment provide habitats for the most xerophilic organisms known: foods pre- served by some form of dehydration or enhanced sugar levels, and hypersaline sites where water availability is limited by a high concentration of salts (usually NaCl). These environments are essentially microbial habitats, with high-sugar foods being dominated by xerophilic (sometimes called osmophilic) filamentous fungi and yeasts, some of which are capable of growth at a water activity (aw) of 0.61, the lowest aw value for growth recorded to date. By contrast, high-salt environments are almost exclusively populated by prokaryotes, notably the haloarchaea, capable of growing in saturated NaCl (aw 0.75). Different strategies are employed for combating the osmotic stress imposed by high levels of solutes in the environment. Eukaryotes and most prokaryotes synthesize or accumulate organic so-called ‘compatible solutes’ (osmolytes) that have counterbalancing osmotic potential. A restricted range of bacteria and the haloar- chaea counterbalance osmotic stress imposed by NaCl by accumulating equivalent amounts of KCl. Haloarchaea become entrapped and survive for long periods inside halite (NaCl) crystals. They are also found in ancient subterranean halite (NaCl) deposits, leading to speculation about survival over geological time periods. Keywords: xerophiles; halophiles; haloarchaea; hypersaline lakes; osmoadaptation; microbial longevity 1. INTRODUCTION aw = P/P0 = n1/n1 ϩ n2, There are two major types of environment in which water where n is moles of solvent (water); n is moles of solute; availability can become limiting for an organism.
[Show full text]
Marine Extremophiles: a Source of Hydrolases for Biotechnological Applications
Mar. Drugs 2015, 13, 1925-1965; doi:10.3390/md13041925 OPEN ACCESS marine drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Article Marine Extremophiles: A Source of Hydrolases for Biotechnological Applications Gabriel Zamith Leal Dalmaso 1,2, Davis Ferreira 3 and Alane Beatriz Vermelho 1,* 1 BIOINOVAR—Biotechnology laboratories: Biocatalysis, Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Graduate Program in Plant Biotechnology, Health and Science Centre, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3 BIOINOVAR—Biotechnology Laboratories: Virus-Cell Interaction, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-(21)-3936-6743; Fax: +55-(21)-2560-8344. Academic Editor: Kirk Gustafson Received: 1 December 2014 / Accepted: 25 March 2015 / Published: 3 April 2015 Abstract: The marine environment covers almost three quarters of the planet and is where evolution took its first steps. Extremophile microorganisms are found in several extreme marine environments, such as hydrothermal vents, hot springs, salty lakes and deep-sea floors. The ability of these microorganisms to support extremes of temperature, salinity and pressure demonstrates their great potential for biotechnological processes. Hydrolases including amylases, cellulases, peptidases and lipases from hyperthermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles and piezophiles have been investigated for these reasons.
[Show full text]
Ana Maria Da Silva Esteves Dissertation Presented to Obtain The
Insights into the biochemical strategies of adaptation to heat stress in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus Ana Maria da Silva Esteves Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D. degree in Biochemistry Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier | Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras, February, 2015 Insights into the biochemical strategies of adaptation to heat stress in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus Ana Maria da Silva Esteves Supervisor: Professora Helena Santos Co-supervisor: Dr. Nuno Borges Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biochemistry Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier | Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras, February, 2015 From left to right: Prof. Volker Müller, Dr. Emmanouil Matzapetakis, Dr. Nuno Borges (Co-supervisor), Ana M. Esteves, Prof. Helena Santos (Supervisor), Prof. Pedro Moradas Ferreira, Prof. Beate Averhoff, Prof. Hermínia de Lencastre. Oeiras, 9th of February 2015. Apoio financeiro da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia e do FSE no âmbito do Quadro Comunitário de apoio, Bolsa de Doutoramento com a referência SFRH/BD/61742/2009. In loving memory of my grandmother Elisa iv Acknowledgements First, I would like to thank Prof. Helena Santos, my supervisor, for accepting me as a Ph.D. student in her laboratory. Also, I want to express my appreciation to Prof. Helena Santos for being an excellent team leader, and for her constant effort to put together the resources and expertise her students need to carry out their projects with success. Her guidance, rigor, patience and enthusiasm for science definitely contributed to my development as a young scientist. I want to thank Dr.
[Show full text]
Mesohaline Responses to Cycles of “Famine Or Feast” in Layered Brines
Int. Assoc. Sedimentol. Spec. Publ. (2011) 43, 315–392 Evaporitic source rocks: mesohaline responses to cycles of “famine or feast” in layered brines JOHN K. WARREN International Master Program in Petroleum Geoscience, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. Formerly: Shell Professor in Carbonate Studies, Oil and Gas Research Centre, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman (E-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT Organic matter in modern saline systems tends to accumulate in bottom sediments beneath a density-stratified mass of saline water where layered hydrologies are subject to oscillations in salinity and brine level. Organic matter is not produced at a constant rate in such systems; rather, it is generated in pulses by a halotolerant community in response to relatively short times of less stressful conditions (brackish to mesohaline) that occur in the upper part of the layered hydrology. Accumulations of organic matter can occur in any layered brine lake or epeiric seaway when an upper less-saline water mass forms on top of nutrient-rich brines, or in wet mudflats wherever waters freshen in and above the uppermost few millimetres of a microbial mat. A flourishing community of halotolerant algae, bacteria and archaeal photosynthesizers drives the resulting biomass bloom. Brine freshening is a time of “feast” characterized by very high levels of organic productivity. In a stratified brine column (oligotrophic and meromictic) the typical producers are planktonic algal or cyanobacterial communities inhabiting the upper mesohaline portion of the stratified water mass. In mesohaline holomictic waters, where light penetrates to the water bottom, the organic-producing layer is typically the upper algal and bacterial portion of a benthic laminated microbialite characterized by elevated numbers of cyanobacteria.
[Show full text]
Chapter 1 Introduction
VU Research Portal A step towards the molecular detection of life on Mars Oliveira Lebre Direito, M.S. 2012 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Oliveira Lebre Direito, M. S. (2012). A step towards the molecular detection of life on Mars. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 30. Sep. 2021 Chapter 1 Introduction 9 Chapter 1. Introduction The chemistry of life. What is life? One of the current definitions of life states that life is a self-replicating system capable of evolution (Pace, 2001). Others require a living entity to be able to maintain itself vis-a-vis substantial challenges and to rebuild itself after incurring damage, all of this in substantial autonomy (Westerhoff and Hofmeyr, 2005).
[Show full text]
The Genus Wallemia—From Contamination of Food to Health Threat
microorganisms Review The Genus Wallemia—From Contamination of Food to Health Threat Janja Zajc 1,2 and Nina Gunde-Cimerman 2,* 1 National Institute of Biology, Veˇcnapot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] 2 Biology Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel: +386-1-3203400 Received: 11 April 2018; Accepted: 18 May 2018; Published: 21 May 2018 Abstract: The fungal genus Wallemia of the order Wallemiales (Wallemiomycotina, Basidiomycota) comprises the most xerotolerant, xerophilic and also halophilic species worldwide. Wallemia spp. are found in various osmotically challenged environments, such as dry, salted, or highly sugared foods, dry feed, hypersaline waters of solar salterns, salt crystals, indoor and outdoor air, and agriculture aerosols. Recently, eight species were recognized for the genus Wallemia, among which four are commonly associated with foods: W. sebi, W. mellicola, W. muriae and W. ichthyophaga. To date, only strains of W. sebi, W. mellicola and W. muriae have been reported to be related to human health problems, as either allergological conditions (e.g., farmer’s lung disease) or rare subcutaneous/cutaneous infections. Therefore, this allergological and infective potential, together with the toxins that the majority of Wallemia spp. produce even under saline conditions, deﬁnes these fungi as ﬁlamentous food-borne pathogenic fungi. Keywords: Wallemia; food; air; pathogen; xerophile; halophile; mycotoxin; farmer’s lung disease; subcutaneous infection 1. Introduction Low availability of water is one of the most life-limiting factors, and only specially adapted organisms can cope with such stress in their environment.
[Show full text]
Fungal Biodiversity in Extreme Environments and Wood Degradation Potential
http://waikato.researchgateway.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Fungal biodiversity in extreme environments and wood degradation potential A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Sciences at The University of Waikato by Joel Allan Jurgens 2010 Abstract This doctoral thesis reports results from a multidisciplinary investigation of fungi from extreme locations, focusing on one of the driest and thermally broad regions of the world, the Taklimakan Desert, with comparisons to polar region deserts. Additionally, the capability of select fungal isolates to decay lignocellulosic substrates and produce degradative related enzymes at various temperatures was demonstrated. The Taklimakan Desert is located in the western portion of the People’s Republic of China, a region of extremes dominated by both limited precipitation, less than 25 mm of rain annually and tremendous temperature variation.
[Show full text]
1 How Extremophiles Work What Is Your Ideal Environment to Live In
How Extremophiles Work Adapted from an article by Jacob Silverman Introduction to How Extremophiles Work What is your ideal environment to live in? Sunny, 72˚ Fahrenheit (22˚ Celsius)? How about living in nearly boiling water that’s so acidic it eats through metal? How about living in a muddy, aquatic environment without oxygen, that is far saltier than any ocean? If you’re an extremophile, that might sound perfect! Extremophiles are organisms that live in “extreme” environments. The name literally means extreme-loving. These hardy creatures are remarkable. The environments they live in are truly severe and are very different from our normal, moderate environments. Ironically, extremophiles couldn’t survive in our normal environments. For example, the microorganism Ferroplasma aci-diphilum, needs a large amount of iron to survive. These quantities of iron would kill most other life forms. The discovery of extremophiles, beginning in the 1960s, has caused scientists to rethink how life began on Earth. Many types of bacteria have been found deep underground, an area previously considered a dead zone (because of the lack of sunlight), but it is now seen as a clue to life’s origins. In fact, the majority of the Earth’s bacteria live underground. These specialized, rock-dwelling extremophiles are called endoliths. Scientists hypothesize that endoliths may absorb nutrients moving through rock veins or live on inorganic (nonliving) rock matter. Some endoliths may be genetically similar to the earliest forms of life that developed around 3.8 billion years ago. (OVER->) 1 Extreme Environments An environment is called extreme only in relation to what is normal for humans.
[Show full text]
COULD LIFE SURVIVE in ALIEN ENVIRONMENTS? Defining Environments Suitable for Life
biology | B09 teach with space → COULD LIFE SURVIVE IN ALIEN ENVIRONMENTS? Defining environments suitable for life teacher guide & student worksheets Teacher guide Fast facts page 3 Introduction page 4 Background page 6 Activity: Life in space? page 8 Links page 10 Annex page 11 teach with space – could life survive in alien environments? | B09 www.esa.int/education The ESA Education Office welcomes feedback and comments [email protected] An ESA Education production in collaboration with ESERO Poland Copyright 2019 © European Space Agency → COULD LIFE SURVIVE IN ALIEN ENVIRONMENTS? Could life survive in alien environments? Fast facts Brief description Subject: Biology In this activity students will consider whether Age range: 13-16 years old life found in extreme environments on Earth could survive elsewhere in the Solar System. Type: student activity Students will examine the characteristics Complexity: medium of different places in the Solar System Cost: Low (0 - 10 euros) and then use fact cards of some example Lesson time required: 1 hour extremophiles to hypothesize which they think might be able to survive in the different Location: Classroom extra-terrestrial environments. Includes the use of: Internet, books, library Keywords: Biology, Solar System, Planets, Moons, Extremophiles, Abiotic factors, Search for life Learning objectives • Learn what extremophiles are. • Consider ecological tolerance. • Consider the abiotic factors that affect adaptation and survival of lifeforms. • Learn about the environmental conditions of various Solar System objects. • Understand that changes in environmental conditions have an impact on the evolution of living organisms. teach with space – could life survive in alien environments? | B09 3 → Introduction The more scientists look on Earth, the more life they find.
[Show full text]
ABSTRACT OZDEMIR, INCI. Role of S-Layer Homology Domain
ABSTRACT OZDEMIR, INCI. Role of S-layer Homology Domain Proteins in Plant Biomass Conversion to Biofuels by Extremely Thermophilic Caldicellulosiruptor species. (Under the direction of Robert M. Kelly.) Second-generation biofuels require the conversion of lignocellulose from agricultural waste, non-edible parts of crops, and grasses into fermentable sugars. Lignocellulose is composed of pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, all of which form a matrix that must be penetrated and deconstructed by physical, chemical and biological methods to facilitate conversion to biofuels. Certain microorganisms have the capacity to extract the carbohydrate content of lignocellulose through the coordinated action of glycoside hydrolases and other metabolic processes, which together can contribute to biofuel production. Of interest here are extremely thermophilic bacteria from the genus Caldicellulosiruptor. One of the intriguing features of these bacteria is that they do not produce cellulosomes but rather produce multi-domain (hemi)cellulolytic enzymes. Some of these biocatalysts contain S-layer homology (SLH) domains, anchoring the enzymes to the cell envelope, and also have carbohydrate-binding domains (CBM), which bind the enzyme to the substrate. This can be a very efficient way of degrading plant biomass since enzymes are localized in close proximity of the cell where control its local microenvironment is possible. Six different groups of SLH-domain proteins with GH domains could be identified in the genome sequences of Caldicellulosiruptor species. Representatives from each group were produced recombinantly in E. coli and examined with respect to biochemical and biophysical properties. Csac_0678 (bifunctional cellulase/xylanase from C. saccharolyticus with homologs in all eight genome- sequenced Caldicellulosiruptor species), Calkr_2245 (xylanase from C.
[Show full text]
Isfus Book of Abstracts
Book of Abstracts Host Support Organizing Committee Drauzio E. N. Rangel – Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil (Chair) Alene Alder-Rangel – Alder’s English Services, Brazil (Co-Chair) Célia Maria de Almeida Soares – Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil Gilberto U. L. Braga – Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil Gustavo H. Goldman – Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil Everton K. K. Fernandes – Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil John E. Hallsworth – Queen’s University Belfast, UK Luis M. Corrochano – Universidad de Sevilla, Spain Website https://isfus.wordpress.com Cover Art: “Stressed Aspergillus” By: Drauzio Eduardo Naretto Rangel About the Symposium Understanding how fungi cope with stress has important implications and consequences for fundamental as well as applied sciences. Hence, a diverse group of experienced and innovative researchers presented at the Second International Symposium on Fungal Stress. General Information The world is at the cross roads in relation to many issues: human health, climate change, food production and spoilage, etc. Fungal biology, and fungal stress in particular, can help to inform and/or solve many of these issues. For instance, fungi can be used for bioremediation; to replace synthetic pesticides by using them for biological control of insect pests; fungi can be used to produce biofuels, novel antibiotics, enzymes, and useful chemicals; soil-dwelling fungi may enable production of crops in arid land; and foods can be manipulated to prevent proliferation of fungal xerophiles; fungi grow on many substrates and can help to recycle organic waste. In addition, fungal pathogens represent a serious threat for crops and animals, including humans. Thus, understanding how fungi deal with stress during growth or while infecting a host will help to optimize the use of fungi in biotechnological applications and to fight fungal diseases.
[Show full text]
Model Solutions Search for Life in the Universe (October 13, 2017)
ASTR/GEOL-2040-001: Midterm exam model solutions Search for Life in the Universe (October 13, 2017) Work carefully, you'll have enough time. Give enough details, not just the numbers. Don't expect full credits if you forget to draw a sketch. For the multiple choice questions, there is only one correct/best answer! Mark it with a circle. 1.H 2O is a [2pts] (a) polar molecule (b) nonpolar (or apolar) molecule 2. The cores of the icy bodies in the solar system such as Europa or Enceladus consist mostly of [2pts] (a) water ice (b) liquid water (c) iron (d) rock 3. \RNA world" refers to [2pts] (a) the possibility that life migrated from Mars, (b) the idea that RNA was life's genetic material before DNA, (c) the idea that early life was made exclusively from RNA, needing no other organic chemicals 4. Stromatolites are [2pts] (a) iron-reducing lithotrophs extracting energy from the rocks they are living on, (b) photosynthesizing cyanobacteria growing on top of each other, (c) hydrothermal alkaline vents harboring methanogens that life of hydrogen and CO2, (d) sedimentary rocks in Western Australia where the oldest microfossils have been found. 5. In their original experiment, Miller/Urey used the gases H2, NH3, and CH4. They were chosen because they are all [2pts] (a) reducing gases (b) oxidizing gases (c) polar molecules (d) apolar molecules 6. What has the Miller/Urey experiment taught us? [2pts] (a) life is likely to have originated in a hydrothermal vent (b) life is likely to have originated in a tidal pond (c) the building blocks of life are easily synthesized (d) only left-handed amino acids can be synthesized 7.
[Show full text]