Input to Tourism Master Plan by DCAS – Sport and Recreation by Dr Lyndon Bouah

Input to Tourism Master Plan by DCAS – Sport and Recreation By Dr Lyndon Bouah

1. Introduction

Sport and recreation play an important role in South African society and have for many decades, as evidenced by South Africa’s participation in the Olympic Games and by the country’s emphasis on sport at school level. Sport has played a key role in nation building during important events such as the 1995 Rugby World Cup and the more recently held 2010 FIFA World Cup. The South

African government committed R30 billion rand to major infrastructure investment programmes meant to ensure the success of the tournament. (2010 FIFA World Cup Country Report 2013:10) and has since invested in sport infrastructure throughout the country.

The hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup presented an opportunity to South Africa and Africa, by extension, to celebrate African diversity and culture (Pillay, Tomlinson and Bass 2009:3). The National Development Plan (NDP) has recognized the importance for social cohesion and has called for all citizens to continue to engage with each other as they did in the 2010 Football World Cup

(National Development Plan 2012: 428).

The history of South African sport can be traced back to the 1800s when sport was thought to be introduced by the British settlers.

Nelson Mandela in a foreword to the “Story of an African Game” (2003) by Andre Odendaal recalled that:

The educated Englishmen was our model; what we aspired to be were ‘black Englishmen’, as we were sometimes derisively called.

We were taught and believed that the best ideas were English ones. In line with these ideas, sport, particularly cricket, was

given a high priority. I enjoyed myself on the playing fields at Healdtown. The standards were high. Therefore even while

athletics and boxing became my favoured games, I have been aware for a long time of the mission roots of cricket in the

Eastern Cape and the deep love for the game that developed in the African communities in that part of the world.

South African sport continued to develop sport clubs and federations in the 1890s and South Africa started competing in the

Olympic Games soon after its rebirth in 1896. South Africa hosted touring sides such as England but later on Australia and other countries as well and became a regular competitor internationally in a wide variety of sporting disciplines.

Once South Africa, however, formally announced the policy of Apartheid, pressure was brought to ban South Africa from most international events including the Olympic Games. In 1963 SA was banned from the Olympic Games and that was soon thereafter followed by other international sport federations. The South African Government supported rebel tours to South Africa which was met by opposition national and internationally. By the mid 1970s South Africa was effectively banned from all sporting codes internationally due to the practice of Apartheid.

Minister Stofile (2005) in an address to a sport conference at the University of Fort Hare stated that “Sport was used by the apartheid regime as their department of foreign affairs in tracksuits. Generations upon generations of apartheid sports administrators and athletes gleefully spread the propaganda of oppression and discrimination. Resources from the both the private and public sectors were horded on these people”. (C. Thomas (Ed.), Sport and Liberation in South Africa, Reflections and Suggestions. Alice and Pretoria: University of Fort Hare and Department of Sport and Recreation, 2006, p9).

In November 1991 South Africa started its first step to its unbanning by touring India on a cricket tour under the leadership of the late Clive Rice. In February 1992, the ban on South African cricket was lifted which enabled South Africa to compete in Australia in the Cricket World Cup in 1992. South Africa then started dealing with all the international bodies responsible for sport. The crowning glory for South Africa, however, was the readmission to the International Olympic family thus enabling its participation in the

Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992. The enduring image of this Olympic Games was the ten thousand metre event in which

South African athlete Elana Meyer took silver and then ran with the Ethiopian winner Derartu Tulu around the track in a victory lap symbolizing the true unity of sport and an African victory.

South Africa’s initial foray back into international sport saw the country’s victory in the 1995 Rugby World Cup and then the victory in the 1996 African Football Cup of Nations on home soil. This ‘golden’ period ended with Josiah Thugwane winning the gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, thus becoming the first black South African to win an Olympic gold medal. The next few years had less success stories and South Africa became a “middle of the road country”, able to compete in rugby, cricket, football, athletics and a host of smaller codes but with not much significant results. The nation expected more from its athletes.

From the South African Government side, strategic planning became necessary and the Department of Sport and Recreation published in 1996 the initial White Paper on Sport. This was followed a few years later in 2001 by a second White Paper on Sport and

Recreation. The White Papers were meant to galvanise the sport movement and were setting out in broad terms the strategy and thinking of government. Following various dismal results in the early part of this century, the then Sport and Recreation Minister, Mr.

N Balfour, instituted a Ministerial Task Team to report back to the Minister with recommendations on the streamlining of South

African sport. The Ministerial Task Team completed its task in 2003 and from these recommendations the South African Sport

Confederation Olympic Committee (SASCOC) was formed in November 2004.

New impetus to sport was given to South Africa when it became the host of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. South Africa had by this time hosted various international events such as the 1995 Rugby World Cup, the 1996 African Cup of Nations, the 1999 All African

Games, the 2003 World Cricket Cup and an assortment of African championships in different sporting codes. The awarding of the

2010 FIFA World Cup propelled sport to the forefront of the nation. Government called on all stakeholders to unite behind the national team and to collaborate on nation-building and social change through soccer.

Minister Fikile Mbalula was appointed as the new Minister for Sport and Recreation in December 2010 and immediately initiated policy discussions. He started what he termed a ‘Roadmap for South African Sport’ and convened a National Sport and

Recreation Indaba in November 2011. This National Sport and Recreation Indaba brought all stakeholders together in a public process that culminated in the drafting of the National Sport and Recreation Plan (NSRP).

The NSRP is an eight year sustainable implementation plan for sport and recreation. The nucleus of the NSRP provides details of the three core pillars of implementation which are an active nation, a winning nation and an enabling environment. (Section 2, NSRP,

2011). At the National Sport and Recreation Indaba held in November 2011, it was declared that the key role of Government is to create the applicable policy, legislative and regulatory frameworks and to support an enabling environment for the equitable delivery of sport and recreation (Declarations of the National Sport and Recreation Indaba, 2013).

2. The value of sport

The Sport for Development and Peace International Working Group (2008:9) noted the United Nations Inter-Agency Task Force on

Sport for Development and Peace Report and its conclusion that well designed sport-based initiatives are practical and

cost-effective tools to achieve objectives in development and peace. Sport is a powerful vehicle that should be increasingly considered by the UN as complementary to existing activities.

It is Keim’s view (2009:84), after analyzing the vision of Coubertin as well as the vision of Nelson Mandela that sport has a potential to make an impact on communities in many areas and can serve as an activation and training tool and as a means of fostering sportsmanship, friendship and citizenship. Sport can also be used as a means for social inclusion of marginalized groups such as women and persons with disabilities. Specific programmes and activities can be used to assist marginalised groups which will allow these groups to have their dignity restored and to empower them.

Keim further noted that sport can be used as a means for empowerment and personal development, as a means for crime prevention and as a means for social transformation and reconstruction. These are varied aims which sport in its totality can speak to. Keim concluded that sport can be used as a means to improve infrastructure, to improve integration and as a means for peace building and democracy.

According to the Sport for Development and Peace International Working Group (SDPIWG: 2008), sport is seen to have the most benefits in individual development, health promotion and disease prevention, promotion of gender inequality, social integration

and the development of social capital, peace building and conflict prevention/ resolution, post disaster/ trauma relief and normalisation of life, economic development, communication and social mobilisation.

3. Economic contribution of sport

De Coning (2014) found that strong evidence existed that sport and recreation makes a substantive and significant contribution to the socio-economic development of the Western Cape Province. De Coning found that sport contributed in excess of R8.8 billion to the Western Cape during 2012. The study concluded that sport and recreation have a major impact on social development and impacts positively on health, education, human and social capital, and especially the youth.

The UN Inter-Agency Task Force on Sport for Development and Peace Report (2003) noted that sport can be a significant economic force, providing employment and contributing to local development. In South Africa, the SRSA Case for Sport (2009) agreed with this contention. Venter (2014) argued in a high level economic analysis that the sport industry in the Western Cape

Province contributes directly and indirectly to 61 000 jobs per annum. Venter used 2% as the most appropriate economic multiplier and concluded that sport contributed in excess of R8.8 billion to the Western Cape gross domestic product.

Sport and recreation is mentioned at various points in the NDP but the most important is found within the context of social cohesion. The NDP (2011: 428) stated:

Daily interaction on an equal basis builds social cohesion and common understanding. This will be promoted effectively when

South Africa shares more public spaces, as we did briefly during the 2010 Football World Cup. At the moment the country is

divided by services, with economic wealth gradually replacing race as the key driver of differentiation. Improved public services, including public transport used by all, will make it easier for South Africans to break out of their communities and

share common experiences.

The work of schools, media and families in creating actively engaged, critical citizens, with a culture of tolerance and commitment

to human rights, will come to nothing if society- particularly public figures- send the wrong signals. It will fail, too, if

government does not increase opportunities for people to engage with one another. This is linked to the need for local

government to provide green spaces and community sport and recreational facilities to enable interaction

4. National Sport and Recreation Plan

The Synopsis of the NSRP defined section two as the nucleus of the NSRP as it provides detail of the three core pillars of

implementation i.e. an active nation, winning nation and an enabling environment. These pillars are underpinned by transversal

issues and utilising sport as a tool to achieve national and global priorities.

The active nation pillar comprises three strategic objectives, namely recreation, school sport and participation promotion campaigns. Within each of the three objectives the strategic objective is defined together with the performance indicators. The implementation plan is then given in tabular format with the following headings: Output, Key Activities, Responsible Delivery

Partners and Timeline. The output is what will be achieved ultimately, with the key activity set out and the responsible delivery partner as well as the timeline identified. If the key activity is thus achieved the output should be made by the delivery partner in the stipulated time. The implementation plan thus identifies the actor (s), sets out a time frame and determines the activity that will lead to the output. The format is followed for School Sport and Participation Promotion Campaigns.

The winning nation pillar comprises of five strategic objectives namely, talent identification and development, athlete and coach support programme, domestic competitions, international competitions and recognition system. Within each of the five objectives the strategic objective is defined together with the performance indicators.

In order to foster the goal of becoming a winning and active nation there are various strategic enablers that are needed to be in place. Following the NSRP Indaba the following fourteen strategic enablers have been identified as to give effect to the two pillars of winning and active. They are facilities, clubs, sport councils, athletes commission, coaches commission, administrators and technical officials commission, an academy system, sports house, sports information centre, education and training, volunteers,

international relations, financial resources, sports broadcasting and sponsorships. Within each of the fourteen objectives the

strategic objective is defined together with the performance indicators.

5. Sport as a tool

Section two concluded with a section on sport as a tool. The NSRP (2011:64) has identified the use of sport as a tool to support and

achieve a diverse range of national and global priorities. The following four strategic objectives are emphasised; sports tourism,

sport for peace and development, sport and the environment and sport and national government priority. It is recognised by

government that sport can be used as a medium to effect messaging on key items such as nation building, social cohesion and

healthy lifestyles.

6. The Western Cape Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport

The department has been supporting the use of sport events as a tool for the last three decades. The department has set aside

funds in its budget towards the promotion of sport and recreation events. The budget is both equitable share and

conditional grant.

6.1 Equitable share

The department has in its annual performance plan set itself the target of supporting 72 events each year for 2019/2020. In 2010 the

target was only 25 but through an increase in budget and eventing the number has now increased to more than 100 events

that are supported.

The graph above illustrates the spread of events per district over the past five years

The budget for the last five years for major event support:

As we have received an increase in the budget we could support more events throughout the province. In 2011 the funding policy

was signed off by the Minister. The Funding Policy made provision for the support of events

The Funding Policy

Major events are defined as those events where teams of international or provincial status compete against each other or an

international session or conference hosted by a recognised sport federation (Sport and Recreation Act. No 110 of 1998)

The following qualification will serve as a benchmark for major events;

International Wold Championships

● at least five countries participating.

International Friendly’s

● at least five countries participating or as otherwise determined by the Head of Department

Continental Championships

● at least five countries participating

Zonal Championships

● at least four countries

National Championships

● at least five provinces to participate

Inter Provincials (Western Cape Championships)

● at least three regions to participate

Regional Sport Awards:

● Boland Sport Awards

● West Coast Sport Awards

● Western Province Sport Awards

● South Western Districts Sport Awards

Major Events allocations will be made according to the specific needs of the applicant within range of between R10 000 to R100

000, depending on the availability of funds.

Provincial Event Strategy

In September 2011 the Provincial Cabinet also passed the Provincial Event Strategy for the Western Cape Province. Together we

have been able to support events using the criteria set out in the departmental funding policy and the provincial strategy.

The strategy aimed to address issues facing the Western Cape’s event industry in an effort to ensure that the destination

remains competitive on the national and world stages in retaining, growing and attracting events. It further stated that it

wanted to Increase global appreciation for Cape Town and the Western Cape as a desirable and exciting event

destination, combined with our strengths in sport, natural and cultural heritage, creativity and innovation should allow

opportunities to host event experiences to be seized across a broad spectrum: tourism, cultural, business, sport etc.

We started funding events in line with the strategy. The four categories of the provincial strategy (Jewel and Mega Events, Bidding, Incubator and Community Events) were used to plan our support together with the applications received from sport federations.

1. Jewel and Mega Events

The department has consistently supported the following events over the last ten years:

a) Cape Town Cycle Tour (formerly Argus). We have increased the sponsorship exponentially

b) The Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon

c) Laingsburg Marathon

d) IRB Sevens Rugby

e) Sanlam Cape Town Marathon

f) Nelson Mandela Festival

g) Berg River

h) OCC Wheelchair Road Race

2. Bidding

In the last few years we actively contributed funds towards the IRB Sevens Rugby

3. Incubator events These are new events that emerged over a period of time. The department has over the last few years invested in a number of these events. We have consistently supported the following festivals as part of the incubator sub set. The festivals that have been supported include the following:

● Knysna Oyster festival ● Oudtshoorn Sport festival ● Mossel Bay sport and Recreation festival ● George Agricultural Festival

4. Community events

The sport federation events straddle all the categories referred to above. In our annexure we have attached hereto we have analysed the various events that take place across the province.

We have completed graphs using the information from our annual reports over the last five years. An analysis of the graphs and slides reveal the following:

The Cape Town Metro hosts the most events. Over the last five years the Cape Town Metro has hosted 173 events. The events encompass all sporting codes. Many codes rotate their national championships between various provinces across the country. The quantum spent in the City of Cape Town over the last few years has been R9 908 159.00

Cape Metro District was allocated R 9 908 159.00 over 5 years for 173 events ● 2014/15 the Cape Metro District received R4 009 122.00 for a total of 35 events ● 2015/16 the Cape Metro District received R1 301 587.00 for a total of 32 events ● 2016/17 the Cape Metro District received R1 559 000.00 for a total of 36 events 17

● 2017/18 the Cape Metro District received R1 688 450.00 for a total of 42 events ● 2018/19 the Cape Metro District received R1 350 000.00 for a total of 28 events

The Cape Winelands is probably not using its full potential. Its proximity to Cape Town should allow more events to take place but for various reasons they are now third in the number of events hosted.

Cape Winelands was allocated R 2 689 450.00 over 5 years for 88 events ● 2014/15 the Cape Winelands received R270 000 for a total of 15 events ● 2015/16 the Cape Winelands received R350 000 for a total of 13 events ● 2016/17 the Cape Winelands received R949 450 for a total of 24 events ● 2017/18 the Cape Winelands received R590 000 for a total of 21 events ● 2018/19 the Cape Winelands received R475 000 for a total of 15 events

The Overberg is starting to show growth. The Foot of Africa as well as the Napier Festival is becoming established events again. The Foot of Africa is forty years old and is becoming a seasoned event for serious runners. The Napier Patat festival is hosted over the Youth Day weekend and involves the whole town. Not many events have been held there.

Overberg District was allocated R 645 000.00 over 5 years for 20 events • 2014/15 the Overberg District didn’t apply for funding • 2015/16 the Overberg received R70 000.00 for a total of 2 events • 2016/17 the Overberg received R170 000.00 for a total of 7 events • 2017/18 the Overberg District received R175 000.00 for a total of 4 events ● 2018/19 the Overberg received R230 000.00 for a total of 7 events

The Garden Route/Eden district has emerged as an important area for Sport Tourism. The area has become the district with the second most sporting events. It has good golf courses as well as good organisers. Events are held between Oudtshoorn, George, Knysna and Mossel Bay

Garden Route was allocated R 2 920 000.00 over 5 years for 109 events ● 2014/15 the Cape Metro District received R270 000 .00 for a total of 15 events ● 2015/16 the Cape Metro District received R425 000.00 for a total of 21 events ● 2016/17 the Cape Metro District received R1 025 000.00 for a total of 19 events ● 2017/18 the Cape Metro District received R585 000.00 for a total of 32 events ● 2018/19 the Cape Metro District received R615 000.00 for a total of 22 events

6.2.2. The West Coast is ideally situated for recreation and leisure due to its natural beauty and proximity to the coast. Not many events have been held or supported there.

West Coast was allocated R685 000.00 over 5 years for 28 events • 2014/15 the West Coast District received R90 000.00 for a total of 5 events • 2015/16 the West Coast District received R190 000.00 for a total of 8 events • 2016/17 the West Coast District received R155 000.00 for a total of 6 events • 2017/18 the West Coast District received R65 000.00 for a total of 2 events • 2018/19 the West Coast District received R185 000.00 for a total of 7 events

Central Karoo was allocated R 95 000.00 over 2 years for 4 events • 2017/18 the Provincial District received R15 000 for a total of 1 event. • 2018/19 the Provincial District received R80 000.00 for a total of 3 events

7. Conditional Grant

The department receives on an annual basis a national conditional grant from the then Sport and Recreation South Africa. We decided to use part of the grant to support events so that the number of participant indicator is supported. This has allowed us to partner with the major athletics federations and other organisations. Over the last two years we have supported the following events: Financial Year 2019/2020

• Cape Town Big Walk • Safari Half Marathon • FNB Cape Town 12km 19 May 2019 • Spar Women’s Challenge 26 May 2019 • RCS Gugs Youth 10km 16 June 2019 • Patatfees 16 June 2019 • Knysna Oyster Festival 28 June 2019 • Eerste River 15km 6 July 2019 • McKenna&Scott Pinelands 10km 3 August 2019 • Metropolitan John Korasie 30km 18 August 2019 • Khayelisha 10km 25 August 2019 • Blisters for Bread August 2019 • Botrivier Challenge 6-7 September 2019 • Sanlam Marathon 15 September 2019 • Nantes 10km 24 September 2019 • Laningsburg Marathon 28 September 2019 • Elsies River 10km 12 October 2019 • Foot of Africa Marathon 12 October 2019 • Gun Run 21&10km 20 October 2019 • The Landmarks 21.2km 3 November 2019 • Mitchells Plain 21.1&10km 23 November 2019 • RCS Gugs Reconciliation Day 10km 16 December 2019 23

• Stellenbosch Cycle Tour January 2020 • Cape Town Cycle Tour March 2020 • Tygerberg 30km March 2020 • Constantia Village March 2020 • Tyger Run March 2020 • Metropolitan Slave Run March 2020 • West Coast Marathon March 2020 • Cape Town Big Walk March 2020

For 2018/2019 Gun Run 10km Elsies River 10Km Landmarks 21 km JP21 Foundation Gugs 10km Stellenbosch Cycle Tour Cape Peninsula Marathon 42km Tygerberg 30km Constantia Village 30km Tyger Run Spar Women’s Race Slave Route Race Pata Festival Botrivier Challenge The events range from Big Walks to marathon events. We use the funds to procure items for the events which range from medical support to sound and the hire of toilets.

8. Other events within the Sport and Recreation Chief Directorate The Department organises events in all its other units as well.

In the Recreation space the department arranges 6 District Indigenous Games (one in each district and one Provincial Event)

In the school sport space, we also have many events that take place on the same basis as the Recreation component.

Note that schools and teams travel constantly across the province and country. At each stage teams and athletes need to stay at a minim one evening of accommodation. The events are in the form of trials and take place in each district.

9. Provincial Events Committee

The department has participated in the Provincial Events Committee since 2011. The department has chaired the committee over the last five years. The discussions and joint decisions have allowed the provincial government to better its marketing strategy and negotiations with key stakeholders.

10. The sport and recreation industry has contributed to the GDP of the province. Tourism plays an important role in this contribution. Events within the province are an important area of development and strength. Many of the events are world class and are established.

11. Conclusions

This exercise was conducted with six Districts in the Western Cape over the five years outlined. In doing so the following conclusions were made. The following narrative covered the graphs and funding data of the Western Cape Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport support for events over the past five years.

Using the graphs and supporting data the following information was outlined.

1. A clear breakdown of the funding allocated per district per year for the last five years (2014/15, 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19).

2. The number of events hosted in each District.

3. The amount of funding allocated to each sporting code.

4. The number of events hosted by each sporting code.

The above-mentioned information highlights the following trends:

With an emphasis on rural development, there has been a 22% decrease in its funding for major events in the Cape Metropole, which has led to a 31% decrease to events supported.

The Garden Route district has seen a 57% increase from R270 000 to R615 000 in financial support with a 35% increase in events supported from 15 events in 2014/15 to 22 events in 2018/19.

The Cape Winelands district has seen 38% increase in financial support from R270 000 to R575 000.

The West Coast district has seen 51% increase in financial support from R90 000 to R185 000, and an increase in the number of events supported from 5 events in 2014/15 to 7 events in 2018/19.

The Overberg district has seen 89% increase in financial support from R70 000 to R230 000 which has led to an increase in events supported from 2 events in 2015/16 to 7 events in 2018/19.

The Central Karoo district has seen an increase in financial support from R15 000 in 2017/18 to R90 000 in 2018/19, which has led to an increase in events supported from 1 event in 2017 to 3 events in 2018/19.

Overall, it is evident that the increase of financial support from the Western Cape Government for events in the province, together with federations, has had a direct influence on the increase of sporting activity in each of its districts.

Compiled by Dr. Lyndon Bouah

Assisted by Mr Kevin Malan, Ms Olwethu Moss & Ms Nicolette Pietersen