DOCSLIB.ORG

Titleabstracttoc April 25

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Titleabstracttoc April 25 “EMPTY CHAIRS, BROKEN LIVES”: THE OKLAHOMA CITY NATIONAL MEMORIAL AND MUSEUM BY MARTIN JOHN HOLLAND DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Landscape Architecture in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2014 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor David L. Hays, Chair Professor M. Elen Deming Associate Professor Christy Lleras Professor D. Fairchild Ruggles ABSTRACT This dissertation offers a description of the memorial and museum of the Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum; provides a critical analysis of the memorial process used to generate the institution; and, finally, documents a historical context that situates the bombing and the subsequent memorial within a rich and complicated urban history. The dissertation describes the constructed Memorial and the Memorial Museum in Oklahoma City, designed by Hans and Torrey Butzer and Sven Berg, built to honor the 168 people who died in the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. The Outdoor Symbolic Memorial is comprised of specific interventions that correspond with the particular identities of social groups affected by the bombing, including survivors, victims, children, and rescuers. I argue that these interventions – the Gates of Time, the Survivor's Wall, the Field of Empty Chairs, the Reflecting Pool, the Rescuer's Orchard, the Children's Area and the Survivor's Tree – form a memorial circuit, intended to be experienced through bodily engagement with the series of stations by a visitor. The Museum relies on re-enactment in order for a visitor to understand the traumatic experiences encountered by the people within the Murrah Building at the time of the bombing. The Museum highlights the generosity and courage exemplified by the people of Oklahoma in the immediate aftermath of the bombing during rescue and recovery operations - what came to be known and celebrated as "The Oklahoma Standard.” I argue that the Memorial and the Museum work in tandem. A visitor is encouraged to "experience the museum," where the exhibit strategies simulate the trauma experienced by the original victims. In turn, they are then encouraged to "visit the memorial," where they are soothed by the tranquil setting of the Butzer's design, an example of how nature is regarded as a restorative agent. The dissertation details and critically analyzes the memorial process including the initial public survey, the competition brief, the architectural competition, and the controversy that led to the firing of the competition advisor, Paul Sperigeren. This process began within days of the bombing, when a call for a memorial was put forward. The rush to memorialize was an attempt to provide psychological triage in the immediate aftermath of the destruction. It forestalled a sustained examination of the event and its possible meanings. It also had the effect of privileging the voices of victims and family members who had lost loved ones. Great deference was shown to the victims and family members throughout the memorial process, culminating in family members being the final arbiters of the memorial design competition. The Butzer’s design, with its distinctive element of 168 chairs, supplied family members with a specific location to interact with their lost loved one by leaving mementoes - the simple markers of the domestic sphere function as an example of what Kenneth Foote has called sanctification. Furthermore, the Reflecting Pool offers a tranquil, therapeutic space. The success of the Butzers' design can be traced back to the results of the original survey about people wanted "to feel and experience." Finally, the dissertation charts the history of the built environment of Oklahoma City from its founding in 1889 through to the dedication of the Memorial Museum in 2001. In addition, it traces the history of the site of the Murrah Building and the subsequent memorial grounds. This history includes a discussion of I.M. Pei's 1964 Master Plan for Oklahoma City. The urban analysis reveals that the implementation of Pei's urban renewal plan was piecemeal, where parts of the downtown were demolished faster than his vision could be constructed, leaving a large ii swath of undeveloped, and empty lots within the heart of the city. After the bombing in 1995, leaving the site of the decimated Murrah building as a urban void was not an option given the citizens' frustration with the glacial progress of the implementation of I.M. Pei's plan. The bombing put to rest longstanding political differences and allowed the city to finally spend tax revenue it had been collecting for two years to fund urban infrastructure. In addition, the bombing provided the city with a national identity, one exemplified by the Oklahoma Standard, which became a civic brand. This historical contextualization is significant for understanding the Oklahoma City memorial because it helps reveal the economic and political realities that were in play at the time of the bombing and throughout the truncated memorial process. In a sense, the Memorial Museum was part of a longer-term effort of civic boosterism. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 1 THE OUTDOOR SYMBOLIC MEMORIAL.......................................... 13 CHAPTER 2 THE URBAN HISTORY OF OKLAHOMA CITY................................. 80 CHAPTER 3 THE MEMORIAL PROCESS IN OKLAHOMA CITY ....................... 124 CHAPTER 4 “MEMORY WORK”: THE FINALISTS IN THE OKLAHOMA CITY INTERNATIONAL MEMORIAL COMPETITION .............................162 CHAPTER 5 EXPERIENCE AND RE-ENACTMENT AT THE MEMORIAL MUSEUM IN OKLAHOMA CITY ....................................................... 203 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................. 256 APPENDIX HISTORY OF THE JOURNAL RECORDS BUILDING ..................... 263 FIGURES ................................................................................................................. 268 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................... 384 iv INTRODUCTION On April 19, 1995, Timothy McVeigh parked a Ryder rental truck in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, lit the fuse of a 4800 lb homemade bomb (a concoction of diesel fuel and fertilizer) and walked away. The resulting explosion destroyed the federal building as well as two other structures nearby and caused the death of 168 people. The United States had experienced another terrorist attack just two years prior in 1993 with the World Trade Center Bombing in New York City, and the bombing in Oklahoma City was almost immediately portrayed as a fundamental strike against the nation itself. In provocative headlines and story titles, newspapers invoked notions of regional simplicity, tranquility and provincialism to alarm their readers and viewers. The CBS television network broadcast their news updates regarding the bombing under the moniker “Terror in the Heartland.” The effect that such reporting had was to increase public anxiety, implying that if a relatively small and homogenous American city such as Oklahoma City could be selected as the site for an attack, nowhere in America was safe. The Oklahoma City National Memorial was formally opened to the public just five years later. President Bill Clinton dedicated the “Outdoor Symbolic Memorial” on April 19, 2000, the fifth anniversary of the bombing. A Memorial Museum was later dedicated by President George W. Bush on February 19, 2001. The extraordinarily short span of time between the catalyst and the memorial did not go unnoticed. Cultural geographer Kenneth E. Foote, author of Shadowed Ground: America’s Landscapes of Violence and Tragedy, remarked upon the speed with which this major new national memorial was constructed: “It seemed to appear too quickly and on too grand of a scale for a site associated with mass murder and terrorism and of such potentially 1 equivocal meaning — that is, what would drive an apparently normal middle class American to attack hundreds of innocent civilians?”1 This dissertation explores the commemorative process in Oklahoma City, beginning with an initial survey conducted by the Oklahoma City Memorial Trust, followed by the establishment of an international competition for the design of the memorial and, ultimately, the construction of the memorial designed by Hans and Torrey Butzer and Sven Berg. In chronicling the compressed time frame of the commemorative process, I examine economic, political and social factors that were at work in the formation of the memorial complex, which ultimately included a Memorial Museum. The speed with which the memorial complex was established was a function of social and economic necessity and pertains to the determinative role that the victims and family members played throughout the memorial process in Oklahoma City. Speed was deemed necessary in order to privilege the voices of victims and family members, who were recovering from the trauma of the experience and grieving the loss of their loved ones. Just at a time when families and individuals were experiencing painful reminders of their recent losses, they were also being called upon by civic leaders for their thoughts about what should be remembered and how this could be accomplished. Family members
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Oklahoma Territory 1889-1907
    THE DIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE SOME ASPECTS OF LIFE IN THE "LAND OP THE PAIR GOD"; OKLAHOMA TERRITORY, 1889=1907 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OP PHILOSOPHY BY BOBBY HAROLD JOHNSON Norman, Oklahoma 1967 SOME ASPECTS OP LIFE IN THE "LAND OF THE FAIR GOD"; OKLAHOMA TERRITORY, 1889-1907 APPROVED BY DISSERTATION COMMITT If Jehovah delight in us, then he will bring us into this land, and give it unto us; a land which floweth with milk and honey. Numbers li^sS I am boundfor the promised land, I am boundfor the promised land; 0 who will come and go with me? 1 am bound for the promised land. Samuel Stennett, old gospel song Our lot is cast in a goodly land and there is no land fairer than the Land of the Pair God. Milton W, Reynolds, early Oklahoma pioneer ill PREFACE In December, 1892, the editor of the Oklahoma School Herald urged fellow Oklahomans to keep accurate records for the benefit of posterity* "There is a time coming, if the facts can be preserved," he noted, "when the pen of genius and eloquence will take hold of the various incidents con­ nected with the settlement of what will then be the magnifi» cent state of Oklahoma and weave them into a story that will verify the proverb that truth is more wonderful than fic­ tion." While making no claim to genius or eloquence, I have attempted to fulfill the editor's dream by treating the Anglo-American settlement of Oklahoma Territory from 1889 to statehood in 1907» with emphasis upon social and cultural developments* It has been my purpose not only to describe everyday life but to show the role of churches, schools, and newspapers, as well as the rise of the medical and legal professions* My treatment of these salient aspects does not profess to tell the complete story of life in Oklahoma.
    [Show full text]
  • Dick Polich in Art History
    ww 12 DICK POLICH THE CONDUCTOR: DICK POLICH IN ART HISTORY BY DANIEL BELASCO > Louise Bourgeois’ 25 x 35 x 17 foot bronze Fountain at Polich Art Works, in collaboration with Bob Spring and Modern Art Foundry, 1999, Courtesy Dick Polich © Louise Bourgeois Estate / Licensed by VAGA, New York (cat. 40) ww TRANSFORMING METAL INTO ART 13 THE CONDUCTOR: DICK POLICH IN ART HISTORY 14 DICK POLICH Art foundry owner and metallurgist Dick Polich is one of those rare skeleton keys that unlocks the doors of modern and contemporary art. Since opening his first art foundry in the late 1960s, Polich has worked closely with the most significant artists of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. His foundries—Tallix (1970–2006), Polich of Polich’s energy and invention, Art Works (1995–2006), and Polich dedication to craft, and Tallix (2006–present)—have produced entrepreneurial acumen on the renowned artworks like Jeff Koons’ work of artists. As an art fabricator, gleaming stainless steel Rabbit (1986) and Polich remains behind the scenes, Louise Bourgeois’ imposing 30-foot tall his work subsumed into the careers spider Maman (2003), to name just two. of the artists. In recent years, They have also produced major public however, postmodernist artistic monuments, like the Korean War practices have discredited the myth Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC of the artist as solitary creator, and (1995), and the Leonardo da Vinci horse the public is increasingly curious in Milan (1999). His current business, to know how elaborately crafted Polich Tallix, is one of the largest and works of art are made.2 The best-regarded art foundries in the following essay, which corresponds world, a leader in the integration to the exhibition, interweaves a of technological and metallurgical history of Polich’s foundry know-how with the highest quality leadership with analysis of craftsmanship.
    [Show full text]
  • Ally, the Okla- Homa Story, (University of Oklahoma Press 1978), and Oklahoma: a History of Five Centuries (University of Oklahoma Press 1989)
    Oklahoma History 750 The following information was excerpted from the work of Arrell Morgan Gibson, specifically, The Okla- homa Story, (University of Oklahoma Press 1978), and Oklahoma: A History of Five Centuries (University of Oklahoma Press 1989). Oklahoma: A History of the Sooner State (University of Oklahoma Press 1964) by Edwin C. McReynolds was also used, along with Muriel Wright’s A Guide to the Indian Tribes of Oklahoma (University of Oklahoma Press 1951), and Don G. Wyckoff’s Oklahoma Archeology: A 1981 Perspective (Uni- versity of Oklahoma, Archeological Survey 1981). • Additional information was provided by Jenk Jones Jr., Tulsa • David Hampton, Tulsa • Office of Archives and Records, Oklahoma Department of Librar- ies • Oklahoma Historical Society. Guide to Oklahoma Museums by David C. Hunt (University of Oklahoma Press, 1981) was used as a reference. 751 A Brief History of Oklahoma The Prehistoric Age Substantial evidence exists to demonstrate the first people were in Oklahoma approximately 11,000 years ago and more than 550 generations of Native Americans have lived here. More than 10,000 prehistoric sites are recorded for the state, and they are estimated to represent about 10 percent of the actual number, according to archaeologist Don G. Wyckoff. Some of these sites pertain to the lives of Oklahoma’s original settlers—the Wichita and Caddo, and perhaps such relative latecomers as the Kiowa Apache, Osage, Kiowa, and Comanche. All of these sites comprise an invaluable resource for learning about Oklahoma’s remarkable and diverse The Clovis people lived Native American heritage. in Oklahoma at the Given the distribution and ages of studies sites, Okla- homa was widely inhabited during prehistory.
    [Show full text]
  • Student Handbook 2021-2022
    Student Handbook 2021-2022 Note: Due to Covid-19 safety protocols, the University reserves the right to change any information, policy, or procedure in this Handbook at any time during the 2021-2022 academic year. 1 CONTENTS I. UNIVERSITY OVERVIEW .......................................... 4 M. Official Means of Communication............. 20 A. History of Oklahoma City University ............ 4 N. Performing Arts Events .............................. 21 B. Mission & Vision ........................................... 5 O. Pets on Campus.......................................... 21 C. Strategic Plan Framework - Focus Areas ...... 5 P. Privacy of Educational Records .................. 22 D. OCU at a Glance/Quick Facts ....................... 6 Q. Speakers Policy .......................................... 25 E. Traditions & Annual Events ......................... 7 R. Public Demonstrations ............................... 25 II. DIVISION OF STUDENT AFFAIRS .............................. 9 S. Student Identification Cards ....................... 26 Student Affairs - Purpose ................................. 9 T. Solicitations & Advertising .......................... 27 Student Affairs - Offices and Contact U. Student Travel Policy.................................. 27 Information ...................................................... 9 V. Transcript Notations - Disciplinary ............. 29 III. ACADEMIC POLICY AND PROGRAMS ................ 10 W. Tobacco-Free Campus ............................... 30 A. Academic Honesty .....................................
    [Show full text]
  • Download (7MB)
    https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ Theses Digitisation: https://www.gla.ac.uk/myglasgow/research/enlighten/theses/digitisation/ This is a digitised version of the original print thesis. Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] University of Glasgow French Department February 2004 Death as a Symbol of Loss and Principle of Regeneration in the Works of Villiers de L’Isle-Adam Lesley Anne Rankin Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ProQuest Number: 10753973 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10753973 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrating Historic Preservation Into the Public Primary And
    INTEGRATING HISTORIC PRESERVATION INTO THE PUBLIC PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM by MIGNON LAWTON BROCKENBROUGH (Under the Direction of John C. Waters) ABSTRACT This thesis explores the various educational efforts to introduce Historic Preservation into primary and secondary public school curricula both through heritage education activities and a unique example of comprehensive historic preservation education as the foundation for an academic academy. The thesis compares and contrasts two approaches to incorporating historic preservation into the public school system (heritage education and historic preservation education), and examines a noteworthy case study of each alternative. It advocates for the replication and proliferation of the integrated academy model as a means of promoting a commitment to principles and values of Historic Preservation, career choices within the preservation trades and associated fields, and as a well-documented method of involving, engaging, retaining, and enabling success within a student body with diverse interests and abilities. INDEX WORDS: Historic Preservation, Education, Massie Heritage Center, Brooklyn High School for the Arts, Career Academies, Contextual Teaching and Learning INTEGRATING HISTORIC PRESERVATION INTO THE PUBLIC PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM by MIGNON LAWTON BROCKENBROUGH B.S., Vanderbilt University, 1997 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION ATHENS, GEORGIA 2006 © 2006 Mignon Lawton Brockenbrough All Rights Reserved INTEGRATING HISTORIC PRESERVATION INTO THE PUBLIC PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM by MIGNON LAWTON BROCKENBROUGH Major Professor: John C. Waters Committee: James Reap Thomas Dyer Elizabeth Lyon Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia December 2006 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank John C.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL 2020 REPORT TREASURY MANAGEMENT ADVISORS Our Team of Trusted Advisors Are Your Business Consultants, Serving Your Local Needs
    ANNUAL 2020 REPORT TREASURY MANAGEMENT ADVISORS Our team of trusted advisors are your business consultants, serving your local needs. Allow our Treasury Management experts to provide you with the financial tools you need to focus on your business and help you navigate challenges and develop strategies, including: • Cash Flow Management • Account Reconciliation • Payroll & HR Solutions • International Trade Finance • Fraud Detection & Deterrent & Global Payments • Payment & Collection Services • Disaster Recovery To find out how we can help your business plan for today and the future, contactus today! LETTER FROM THE CHAIR Throughout the Greater Oklahoma City Chamber’s 131-year history, when difficult challenges arise, the Chamber has stepped forward to tackle issues while looking for new opportunities to build for the future. When COVID-19 hit the OKC area in March, the impacts to our business community were immediate, and for many devastating. The Chamber began immediately doing everything possible to provide information, identify potential support and look for any possible opportunity to help businesses losing revenue due to this monumental shift. At the same time, we never took our eye off the ball, keeping a strong focus on the future of Oklahoma City. Preparing for the new convention center and post-pandemic push for tourism growth, supporting local business expansion and recruiting new companies to the region, advocating for business at our state capitol, and helping to bring businesses together for virtual networking and information. This report highlights our efforts this year, but is certainly not an exhaustive list of the work we have accomplished together. Our membership can be proud of what we have done together and confident that we can continue to imagine a bright future.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Recovery Plan Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax Traillii Extimus)
    Final Recovery Plan Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) August 2002 Prepared By Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Recovery Team Technical Subgroup For Region 2 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Albuquerque, New Mexico 87103 Approved: Date: 018085 Disclaimer Recovery Plans delineate reasonable actions that are believed to be required to recover and/or protect listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes prepared with the assistance of recovery teams, contractors, State agencies, and others. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views nor the official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, other than the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They represent the official position of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service only after they have been signed by the Regional Director or Director as approved. Approved Recovery plans are subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in species status, and the completion of recovery tasks. Some of the techniques outlined for recovery efforts in this plan are completely new regarding this subspecies. Therefore, the cost and time estimates are approximations. Citations This document should be cited as follows: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Recovery Plan. Albuquerque, New Mexico. i-ix + 210 pp., Appendices A-O Additional copies may be purchased from: Fish and Wildlife Service Reference Service 5430 Governor Lane, Suite 110 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 301/492-6403 or 1-800-582-3421 i 018086 This Recovery Plan was prepared by the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Recovery Team, Technical Subgroup: Deborah M.
    [Show full text]
  • Charitable Organization Endowment Report
    The Endowment Program Charitable Organization Endowment Report OKLAHOMA CITY COMMUNITY FOUNDATION I SEPTEMBER 2005 Janet Taliaferro A Donor's Plan Illustrates the Power of Endowment An active community volunteer and Considering the investment strategy and political consultant who approaches distribution policy of the Oklahoma City every project with a special zeal, Community Foundation, Janet calculated how Janet Taliaferro knows firsthand that much she would need to contribute to each a solid plan is necessary if you want organization’s endowment so that future annual to reach a goal. When she decided earnings would replace her current annual gift to she wanted to provide permanent the charity after she was gone. Her calculations support for several charitable orga­ illustrated that it would require $15,000 to nizations in Oklahoma City, she put each of the six endowments. Although the her well-honed skills to work and economy was up and down over the next decade developed a plan. or so, Janet stuck with her plan and added to the An Oklahoma City native, Janet endowments as she was able. She even provided became active in many cultural, for the completion of the plan through her estate health and welfare activities as a in case she died before the endowments were fully student at Southern Methodist funded. University and during her career In 2003, Janet made her last gift toward her which lead to a relocation on the endowment plan, although she had moved back East Coast. After moving back to her to the Washington, D.C. area in 1999. And, just hometown from Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Oklahoma Built: a Bibliography of Information Sources on Oklahoma’S Built Environment Susan Bobo Oklahoma State University, [email protected]
    Library Faculty Projects Architecture School Oklahoma State University Year Oklahoma built: a bibliography of information sources on Oklahoma’s built environment Susan Bobo Oklahoma State University, [email protected] This paper is posted at E-Archive@Oklahoma State University. http://e-archive.library.okstate.edu/arch/1 I N T R O D U C T I O N Welcome to Oklahoma Built: a compendium of published research, archival materials and links to organizations that highlight the richness and diversity of Oklahoma’s built environment. At its core is a bibliography of more than 600 entries – books, articles, internet links and more – on the people, places and buildings of architectural interest in our state. From sod houses and ‘shotguns’ to a unique skyscraper and the prairie palaces of oil tycoons; from Victorian to Art Deco to Mid-Century Modern, Oklahoma Built aims to cover it all. In the spring of 2006, anticipating an increase in patron requests due to the approaching Centennial, I set out to develop a comprehensive resource on Oklahoma’s built environment for the benefit of students, researchers and interested citizens alike. In addition to books and articles, I identified unpublished reports, video and film, organizations, image collections, and websites – in short, any relevant information sources on the topic. The scope of Oklahoma Built is broad - covering both the historic and the recent in equal measure. This balance is deliberate. The group Preservation Oklahoma ranks “Our Recent Past” as #2 on its annual list of Oklahoma’s most endangered public places. Oklahoma Built is also broadly defined - covering not only what is traditionally thought of as “Architecture with a capital A,” but the entire spectrum of the built environment as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Politically Motivated Hungarian Migration to the Netherlands in (The Second Half Of) the 20Th Century: Data, Concepts, and Conse
    ACTA UNIV. SAPIENTIAE, EUROPEAN AND REGIONAL STUDIES, 12 (2017) 77–109 DOI: 10 .1515/auseur-2017-0009 Politically Motivated Hungarian Migration to the Netherlands in (the Second Half of) the 20th Century: Data, Concepts, and Consequences Zsuzsanna TOMOR Department of Public Governance and Management University of Utrecht e-mail: z .tomor@uu .nl Abstract . This paper draws on an empirical research on the acculturation of Hungarian refugees in the Netherlands . After the bloody repression of the Hungarian uprising against the Soviet rule in 1956, approximately 200,000 people escaped Hungary . Out of them, 5,000 people started a new life in the Netherlands . Despite extensive documentation and memoirs, no systematic research exists on the fate of these Hungarians . With this research, we attempt to fill this knowledge gap by gaining insight into their integration path . By applying a qualitative–interpretative research method, we gathered personal narratives from Hungarian (‘ex-’) refugees in the Netherlands . We analyse their incorporation into the Dutch society according to various acculturation theories and discuss the (contextual) circumstances influencing these dynamics. The findings show that these Hungarians have successfully acculturated into the host society . They got entirely embedded in the institutional, sociocultural, and economic fabric of their new home country (assimilation) while also maintaining their original culture and identity (integration) . Determining factors are the reception and opportunity structure in the host country, the refugees’ young age and willing attitudes to integrate, their grown hybrid identities as well as cultural compatibility . Keywords: (Hungarian) refugees, migrants, integration, acculturation, migration to the Netherlands Introduction Unlike the Hungarian anti-Soviet revolution of 1956, not much is known about the approximately 200,000 Hungarians who in its aftermath left the country and resettled somewhere else (Lénárt 2006, Várdy 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER of HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM
    NFS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM 1. Name of Property historic name Berryhill Building_______________________________ other names/site number ______________________________________ 2. Location street & number 14-20 East Dewev Avenue___________ not for publication N/A city or town Sapulpa___________________________ vicinity N/A state Oklahoma__________ code OK county Creek code 037 zip code 74066 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form Berryhill Building Creek County, Oklahoma Page 2 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets ___ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant __ nationally __ statewide X_ locally. ( N/A See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Signature of certifying official Date Oklahoma Historical Society, SHPO_______________________________ State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property ___ meets ___ does not meet the National Register criteria. ( __ See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Signature of commenting or other official Date State or Federal agency and bureau 4. National Park Service Certification I, hereby certify that this property i entered in the National Register __ See continuation sheet, determined eligible for the National Register __ See continuation sheet, determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register other (explain): _____________ Signature of Keeper Date of Action USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form Berryhill Building Creek County, Oklahoma Page 3 5.
    [Show full text]