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Annual Report / Rapport Annuel / Jahresbericht 1990 Annual Report / Rapport annuel / Jahresbericht 1990 + +lES+ EUROPEAN SOUTHERN OBSERVATORY CO + COVER COUVERTURE UMSCHLAG In February the NTT was inaugurated, En fevrier le NTT fut inaugure, en de­ Im Februar wurde das NTT eingeweil in December Council decided to site the cembre le Conseil decida de placer le im Dezember traf der Rat seine Er VLT on Cerro Paranal. Two highlights VLT a Cerro Paranal. Deux dates par­ scheidung für Cerro Paranal als Stan in an eventful year. ticulierement importantes dans une ort für das VLT. Zwei Höhepunkte annee riche en evenements. einem ereignisreichen Jahr. Annual Report / Rapport annuel / Jahresbericht 1990 presented to the Council by the Director General presente au Conseil par le Directeur general dem Rat vorgelegt vom Generaldirektor Prof. Dr. H. van der Laan EUROPEAN SOUTHERN OBSERVATORY Organisation Europeenne pour des Recherches Astronomiques dans I'Hemisphere Austral Europäische Organisation für astronomische Forschung in der südlichen Hemisphäre Table Table des Inhalts­ ., of Contents matleres verzeichnis INTRODUCTION 5 INTRODUCTION 5 EINLEITUNG 5 RESEARCH 15 RECHERCHES 15 FORSCHUNG 15 The European Coordinating Le Centre Europeen de Coor­ Die Europäische Koordina­ Facility for the Space dination pour le Telescope tionsstelle für das Weltraum- Telescope (ST-ECF) 39 Spatial (ST-ECF) 39 teleskop (ST-ECF) 39 Collaboration between ESO and Collaboration entre l'ESO Zusammenarbeit zwischen University of Chile 41 et l'Universite du Chili 41 ESO und der Universität von Image Processing 42 Traitement d'images 42 Chile 41 ESO Conferences and Work- Conferences et colloques ESO 44 Bildverarbeitung 42 shops 44 Cartes du cie! 45 ESO-Konferenzen und Work- Sky Surveys 45 shops 44 Himmelsatlanten 45 FACILITIES INSTALLATIONS EINRICHTUNGEN Telescopes 47 Telescopes 47 Teleskope 47 Infrastructure 54 Infrastructure 54 Infrastruktur 54 Optical Instrumentation 55 Instrumentation optique 55 Optische Instrumente 55 Infrared Instrumentation 59 Instrumentation infrarouge 59 Infrarot-Instrumentierung 59 ORGANIZATIONAL, ORGANISATION, ORGANISATIONS-, FINANCIAL AND MATIERES FINANZ- ADMINISTRATIVE FINANCIERES ET UND VERWALTUNGS­ MATTERS 63 ADMINISTRATIVES 63 ANGELEGENHEITEN .... 63 APPENDIXES ANNEXES ANHANG Appendix 1- Annexe 1- Anhang 1- Use ofTelescopes 70 Utilisation des telescopes 70 Verwendung der Teleskope 70 Appendix 11 - Annexe 11- Anhang 11- Programmes 97 Programmes 97 Programme 97 Appendix III - Annexe 111- Anhang 111- Publications 109 Publications 109 Veröffentlichungen 109 Appendix IV - Annexe IV- Anhang IV- Council and Committee Membres du Conseil et des Rats- und Ausschuß- Members in 1991 123 Comites en 1991 123 mitgliederfür 1991 123 3 Introduction Introduction Einleitung Annual reports are retrospective, Les rapports annuels sont par es­ Jahresberichte sind eine Rückschau, form aseries where the problems sence retrospectifs, ils constituent bilden eine Reihe, in der Probleme andprogress of institutions are re­ une serie dans laquelle se trouvent und Fortschritte von Institutionen corded summarily. By selection rckapitules a la fois les difficultes zusammenfassend aufgezeichnet there ist more emphasis on progress rencontrees et les progres realises werden. Aufgrund der Auswahl than on the problems. For our Or­ par les institutions. L'effet de selec­ liegt die Betonung mehr auf dem ganization the quarterly journal tion veut que les progres l'empor­ Fortschritt als auf den Problemen. with the quaint name "THE tent sur les difficultes. Dans notre Für unsere Organisation spiegelt die MESSENGER" better reflects the Organisation, la revue trimestrielle vierteljährli6h erscheinende Zeit­ excitement of current research and au nom un peu. desuet de «THE schrift mit dem altmodischen Na­ latest technology. In 1990 our jour­ MESSENGER» (Le Messager) te­ men "THE MESSENGER" (Der nal covered the year in 260 pages, of moigne plus particulierement de Bote) den Reiz aktueller Forschung which some fifteen per cent form l'excitation suscitee par les. re­ und neuester Technologie besser the continuing account of ESO's cherches encours et par les der­ wider. 1990 beschrieb unsere Zeit­ history as documented and assessed nieres nouveautes technologiques. schrift das Jahr auf 260 Seiten, von by its second Director General. A Pour l'annee 1990, notre revue denen ungefähr fünfzehn Prozent large fraction concerns community compte 260 pages dont quinze pour eine sich noch fortsetzende Darstel­ astronomers' research, be it recent cent environ sont dedies aune his­ lung von ESOs Geschichte bilden, discoveries and accomplishments, or toire de l'ESO fort bien documen- . so wie sie von ESOs zweitem Gene­ intentions and strategies for Key tee, retracee par son second Direc­ raldirektor dokumentiert und be­ Programmes. ESO's continued de­ teur General. Une grande partie de wertet wird. Ein großer Teil be­ velopment of the La Silla Observa­ la publication se rapporte aux tra­ schäftigt sich mit der Forschung von tory and the unfolding of the VLT vaux de recherche des astronomes Astronomen aus Mitgliedsstaaten, Programme are also recorded there. des pays membres, qu'il s'agisse de seien es kürzliche Entdeckungen This Annual Report again presents decouvertes,'de realisations recentes, und Erfolge oder Vorhab~n und an overview of ESO-supported re­ ou encore de desseins et de strate­ Strategien für "Schlüsselprogram• search, of the facilities used or under gies elabores dans le cadre de pro­ me" (Key Programmes). Über development and of the organiza­ grammes clefs. Les developpements ESOs kontinuierliche Weiterent­ tional means to support the actions en cours al'Observatoire de La Silla wicklung des La Silla-Observato­ in science and technology. This In­ ainsi que le deroulerpent du projet riums sowie das Fortschreiten des troduction is part three of my VLT y sont egalement rapportes. Le VLT-Programms wird hier ebenso account of ESO's changes in the present rapport annuel donne a berichtet. Diese~ Jahresbericht gibt VLT era that began in 1987. nouveau un aper~u global des re­ wieder einen Überblick über die cherches auxquelles l'ESO fournit durch ESO ermöglichte Forschung, son support, des instruments dispo­ über in der Entwicklung befmdliche nibles ou en cours de realisation, oder bereits genutzte Instrumente . ainsi que des moyeils iogistiques sowie über die Organisationsmittel destines a assurer la bonne marche zur Unterstützung von Aktivitäten de la Science. et de la Technologie. in Wisse~schaft und Technologie. Cette introduction represente ma Diese Einleitung ist der dritte Teil troisieme contribution au compte meines Rechenschaftsberichtes über rendu des changements survenus a ESOs Veränderungen in der VLT­ l'ESO depuis 1987, debut de l'ere du Ära, die 1987 ihren Anfang nahm. VLT. 5 An event with a festive tone, al­ En depit de risques techniques cer­ Ein Ereignis mit festlicher Stim­ though not without its technical tains, l'inauguration, le 6 fevrier, du mung, wenn auch nicht ohne techni­ risks, was the inauguration of the Telescope a Nouvelle Technologie sche Risiken, war die Einweihung New Technology Telescope on (NTT) est un evenement qui s'est des New Technology Telescope am February 6. Ministers, Am­ deroule dans une atmosphere de 6. Februar. Minister, Botschafter, bassadors, Council members, com­ fete. Ministres, ambassadeurs, mem­ Ratsmitglieder, Astronomen der munity astronomers as well as other bres du Conseil, astronomes des Mitgliedsstaaten sowie andere ESO­ ESO friends came to La Silla or to pays membres ainsi que d'autres Freunde kamen nach La Silla oder the Garching Headquarters to cele­ amis de l'ESO se sont trouves reunis nach Garching, dem ESO-Haupt­ brate with us the completion of a soit aLa Silla soit au siege de l'orga­ sitz, um mit uns die Fertigstellung telescope which is a model of inno­ nisation a Garching pour celebrer eines Teleskops zu feiern, das als ein vation. At the crucial moment the l'achevement d'un telescope qui Modell für Innovation gilt. Im ent­ precarious links between our two dans le domaine de l'innovation s'a­ scheidenden Augenblick übermit• sites conveyed the sights and sounds vere etre un modele. A l'instant cru­ telten die zwischen unseren beiden from each to the other. cial, les liaisons precaires etablies en­ Standorten bestehenden, technisch tre les deux sites assurerent la trans­ nicht ganz unproblematischen Lei­ mission du son et de l'image dans les tungen Bild und Ton in beide Rich­ deux sens. tungen. In the remarkable atmosphere this Dans l'ambiance remarquable en­ In der durch diese Verbindung ge­ linkage provided, Ministers ex­ gendree par ce contact, les ministres schaffenen bemerkenswerten Atmo­ pressed their pleasure of NTT per­ exprimerent leur satisfaction devant sphäre gaben Minister ihrer Freude formance and gave encouragement le bon fonctionnement du NTT et hinsichtlich der NTT-Leistung by their confidence in VLT targets. manifesterent leur confiance a Ausdruck und vermittelten durch An extensive illustrated account of l'egard des objectifs du VLT. Le ihr Vertrauen in die Zielsetzungen this singular occasion is found In numero de mars du «MESSEN­ des VLT neuen Ansporn. Die THE MESSENGER of March. GER » offre un compte rendu riche­ Märzausgabe des "MESSENGER" ment illustre de cet evenement me­ enthält einen umfassenden mit Pho­ morable. tos versehenen Bericht dieses beson­ deren Ereignisses. On La Silla the NTT had a domi­ A La Silla, le NTT a joue un role Auf La Silla kam dem NTT eine nant role. Telescope and enclosure essentiel. Le telescope et son abri dominante
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