2020 the Words of an Unprecedented Year and Cambridge Dictionary's Word of the Ye
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COVID-19 Pandemic and Agroecosystem Resilience: Early Insights for Building Better Futures
sustainability Article COVID-19 Pandemic and Agroecosystem Resilience: Early Insights for Building Better Futures Lalisa A. Duguma 1,* , Meine van Noordwijk 1,2 , Peter A. Minang 1 and Kennedy Muthee 1 1 World Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, Gigiri, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; [email protected] (M.v.N.); [email protected] (P.A.M.); [email protected] (K.M.) 2 Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The way the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted human lives and livelihoods constituted a stress test for agroecosystems in developing countries, as part of rural–urban systems and the global economy. We applied two conceptual schemes to dissect the evidence in peer-reviewed literature so far, as a basis for better understanding and enabling ‘building back better’. Reported positive impacts of the lockdown ‘anthropause’ on environmental conditions were likely only short-term, while progress towards sustainable development goals was more consistently set back especially for social aspects such as livelihood, employment, and income. The loss of interconnectedness, driving loss of assets, followed a ‘collapse’ cascade that included urban-to-rural migration due to loss of urban jobs, and illegal exploitation of forests and wildlife. Agricultural activities geared to international trade were generally disrupted, while more local markets flourished. Improved understanding of these pathways is needed for synergy between the emerging adaptive, mitigative, transformative, and reimaginative responses. Dominant efficiency-seeking strategies that increase fragility will have to be re-evaluated to be better prepared for further pandemics, that current Human–Nature interactions Citation: Duguma, L.A.; are likely to trigger. -
Denotation and Connotation in Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump: Discourse Analysis of the 2016 Presidential Debates
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales Degree in Translation and Interpreting Final Degree Project Denotation and Connotation in Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump: Discourse analysis of the 2016 presidential debates Student: Markel Lezana Escribano Director: Dr Susan Jeffrey Campbell Madrid, 8th June 2017 Index List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………….i 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3 2. Theoretical Framework............................................................................................. 5 2.1 Semantics ................................................................................................................ 5 2.2 Discourse Analysis ................................................................................................. 9 2.2.1 Functional Discourse Analysis ........................................................................ 9 2.2.2 Critical Discourse Analysis ........................................................................... 10 2.2.3 Political Discourse Analysis .......................................................................... 10 2.3 Pragmatics ............................................................................................................ 10 2.4 Tools of Analysis .................................................................................................. 11 2.4.1 Functions of Language ................................................................................. -
LANGUAGE and TRANSLATION an Introduction to Language and Translation for Global Online Communications, Localized Websites and International Social Media
LANGUAGE AND TRANSLATION An introduction to language and translation for global online communications, localized websites and international social media www.ibt.onl An IBT Online ebook publication© Inside your Ebook IBT Online : Go Global with Website Localization WHO SHOULD BE READING THIS EBOOK? 3 LANGUAGE IN THE WORLD 4 LANGUAGE IN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA 5 TRANSLATION INDUSTRY 6 TRANSLATION SUPPLIERS 7 TRANSLATION SERVICES 8 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY 10 TRANSLATION ONLINE (WEB PAGES, PRESENCE, HOSTING) 13 TRANSLATION ONLINE (SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION, 15 SOCIAL MEDIA) TRANSLATION TOP TEN TRENDS 19 NEXT STEPS AND ABOUT IBT ONLINE 21 Produced by IBT Online publications team. More resources available at: www.ibt.onl/resources www.ibt.onl Language and Translation 2 Who should be reading this? This ebook provides an introduction to language and translation for global online communications used for localized websites and international social media You should be reading this ebook, if you want an introduction to: Languages used for online communications, social media, localized websites and search engine optimization The translation service industry Translation suppliers and services Translation technologies Translation online This ebook is designed for business owners, marketing directors, international business development managers who are looking to grow their exports and business globally and would like guidance on how to manage language and translation in their target markets. This ebook is both informative and practical. It will -
Using Neural Networks to Predict Emoji Usage from Twitter Data
Using Neural Networks to Predict Emoji Usage from Twitter Data Luda Zhao Connie Zeng Stanford University Stanford University [email protected] [email protected] Abstract As emojis have emerged as an increasingly important and standardized part of modern textual inputs, analyzing their usage patterns are becoming of great inter- est to any modern text system. We frame this investigation as a text classification problem, mapping input text to their most likely accompanying emoji, utilizing 1.5 million scraped Twitter tweets for our training set. Both our LSTM-RNN model and our CNN model outperform our baseline, although the CNN model surprisingly achieves much better accuracy and F1 results. We conclude the paper by proposing future works in this area. 1 Introduction With the rise of mobile devices and chat apps, emojis have become an increasingly important part of written language. The ‘Face with Tears of Joy’( ) emoji was even selected as the Oxford Dic- tionaries Word of the Year in 2015[1]. To keep up with the evolution of language, we should be able to model emoji usage based on trends seen on Twitter, Reddit, and other online Social Networks. In addition, the standardization of emojis in the Unicode Standard has ushered in more standardized usage patterns in the different social networks, which makes modeling usage patterns a significantly more tractable problem. As one of the largest social network platforms, Twitter has had a long history with emojis, and currently, around 19.6% of all generic tweets on Twitter contains emoji[2]. The high frequency of emoji usage and the diversity of topics makes Twitter an ideal data source for building a model for emoji usage. -
Doomscrolling: Special Report 2
Copyright © All rights reserved worldwide. YOUR RIGHTS: This book is restricted to your personal use only. It does not come with any other rights. LEGAL DISCLAIMER: This book is protected by international copyright law and may not be copied, reproduced, given away, or used to create derivative works without the publisher’s expressed permission. The publisher retains full copyrights to this book. The author has made every reasonable effort to be as accurate and complete as possible in the creation of this book and to ensure that the information provided is free from errors; however, the author/publisher/ reseller assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or contrary interpretation of the subject matter herein and does not warrant or represent at any time that the contents within are accurate due to the rapidly changing nature of the internet. Any perceived slights of specific persons, peoples, or organizations are unintentional. The purpose of this book is to educate, and there are no guarantees of income, sales, or results implied. The publisher/author/reseller can, therefore, not be held accountable for any poor results you may attain when implementing the techniques or when following any guidelines set out for you in this book. Any product, website, and company names mentioned in this report are the trademarks or copyright properties of their respective owners. The author/publisher/reseller are not associated or affiliated with them in any way. Nor does the referred product, website, and company names sponsor, endorse, or approve this product. COMPENSATION DISCLOSURE: Unless otherwise expressly stated, you should assume that the links contained in this book may be affiliate links, and either the author/publisher/reseller will earn a commission if you click on them and buy the product/service mentioned in this book. -
The Ecological Consequences of a Pandemic
Pathogen biology The ecological consequences of a royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsbl pandemic Julia C. Buck1 and Sara B. Weinstein2 1Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Opinion piece Wilmington, NC 28409, USA 2School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA Cite this article: Buck JC, Weinstein SB. 2020 JCB, 0000-0003-3202-7665; SBW, 0000-0002-8363-1777 The ecological consequences of a pandemic. Biol. Lett. 16: 20200641. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered human behaviour in profound ways, http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0641 prompting some to question whether the associated economic and social impacts might outweigh disease impacts. This fits into a burgeoning ecologi- cal paradigm suggesting that for both predator–prey and parasite–host interactions, non-consumptive effects (avoidance) can be orders of magni- Received: 2 September 2020 tude stronger than consumptive effects (sickness and death). Just as Accepted: 28 October 2020 avoidance of predators and parasites imposes substantial costs on prey and hosts, altered behaviour to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 has impacted human fitness and wellbeing. But the effects of infectious disease avoidance do not stop there; non-consumptive effects of predators and parasites often trigger cascading indirect effects in natural systems. Similarly, Subject Areas: shifts in human behaviour due to COVID-19 have triggered myriad indirect behaviour, ecology, environmental science, effects on species and the environment, which can be positive, negative or health and disease and epidemiology neutral. We urge researchers to recognize that the environmental impacts associated with lockdowns are indirect effects of the virus. -
14 DAYS in JANUARY Photojournalists’ Experiences and Images from Two Historic Weeks in Washington, D.C
JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2021 | A SPECIAL REPORT 14 DAYS IN JANUARY Photojournalists’ experiences and images from two historic weeks in Washington, D.C. After 75 years, this is the final News Photographer in magazine format. Say hell0 to News Photographer digital on nppa.org. See stories on pages 5 and 27. CONTENTS | JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2021 Editor's Column Sue Morrow 5 President's Column Katie Schoolov 27 Advocacy: Legal issues in the wake of the Capitol insurrection Mickey Osterreicher & Alicia Calzada 28 Spotlight: Small-market Carin Dorghalli 36 Pandemic changes the game for sports photographers Peggy Peattie 38 Eyes on Research: Training the next generation to see Dr. Gabriel B. Tate 44 Now we know her story: The woman in the iconic photograph Dai Sugano & Julia Prodis Sulek 48 Irresponsibility could cut off journalists' access to disasters Tracy Barbutes 54 The Image Deconstructed Rich-Joseph Facun, by Ross Taylor 60 14 Days in January Oliver Janney & contributors 70-117 Columnists Doing It Well: Matt Pearl 31 It's a Process: Eric Maierson 32 Career/Life Balance: Autumn Payne 35 Openers/Enders Pages 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 22, 24, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132 ON THE COVER National Guard troops from New York City get a tour through the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol on January 14, 2021. They were part of the defensive security build-up leading up to the inauguration of President-elect Joe Biden. Photo by David Burnett ©2020 Contact Press Images U.S. Capitol police try to fend off a pro-Trump mob that breached the Capitol on January 6, 2021, in Washington, D.C. -
The Economy Joe Biden Will Inherit America's Allies: a Long Wishlist
The economy Joe Biden will inherit America’s allies: a long wishlist The trouble with value investing Zambia, becoming the next Zimbabwe NOVEMBER 14TH–20TH 2020 Suddenly, hope 打赏 - JUST FOR FUN ⽀持分享! ⼀杯咖啡钱, 打赏⾦额随意,感谢⼤家~ :) ⽀付宝 微信 资源来⾃ : https://github.com/hehonghui/the-economist-ebooks Contents The Economist November 14th 2020 5 The world this week Britain 8 A summary of political 25 Protest in the provinces and business news 26 Foreign-investment rules 27 Brexit and Biden Leaders 27 Chumocracy 13 Vaccines Suddenly, hope 28 Phone-hacking 28 New nukes? 14 America and its allies Great expectations 29 Rishi and the City 14 America’s next president 30 Bagehot Princess Diana, Biden’s economy populist politician 15 Asset management Beyond Buffett Europe 31 Nagorno- Karabakh On the cover 16 Democracy in Africa Zambia’s descent 32 Corruption and Ukraine A highly effective vaccine 33 Europe’s recovery fund should transform the fight Letters against covid-19. But a lot 33 France fights jihadists On transgender sports, remains to be done: leader, 18 in Africa diplomacy, Facebook, page 13, and briefing, page 21. management, Armenia, Cheap, rapid tests for avatars, Brazil sars-cov-2 are here. Will they United States be the stopgap needed? Page 72 35 Covid-19 and Biden Briefing • The economy Joe Biden 36 Republicans and the result 21 Covid-19 vaccines will inherit He faces two 37 The Pentagone The technology of hope extraordinary challenges: leader, 38 Fox News page 14. What he would do 38 Unhappy cowboys differently, and how much Special report: difference it would make, Asset management 39 The urban-rural divide page 35. -
Words of an Unprecedented Year * Words Assigned to the Month in Which They Reached Their Peak Frequency of Usage
Words of an unprecedented year * Words assigned to the month in which they reached their peak frequency of usage. Source: Oxford Monitor corpus. Jan Words of an unprecedented year Bushfire One of the defining climatic events of the end of Impeachment 2019 and beginning of 2020 was the Australian A hot topic in January when the trial to impeach bushfire season, the worst on record. Donald Trump began. Feb Acquittal Peaked in February at the conclusion of Donald Trump’s impeachment trial. Mar Coronavirus One of the more dramatic examples of increased usage, by March this year it was one of the most frequently used nouns in the English language, after Covid-19 being used to designate the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A completely new word this year, first recorded in a report by the World Health Organization as an abbreviation of coronavirus disease 2019. It quickly overtook coronavirus in frequency. Apr Lockdown The preferred term in most Anglophone countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, for government-enforced quarantine measures in response to the spread of Covid-19. Social Distancing Surged in frequency as governments across the world introduced measures to reduce the spread of Covid-19. May Reopening Towards the Northern Hemisphere summer more hopeful words increased in frequency, including reopening (of shops, businesses, etc.) Jun Black Lives Matter Exploded in usage beginning in June of this year, remaining at elevated levels for the rest of the year as protests against law enforcement agencies over the killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and other black Americans took root in communities across the United States and across the world. -
Understanding and Undermining Fake News from the Classroom Adam Rosenzweig1 Beyond 12
Available online at http://escholarship.org/uc/ucbgse_bre Understanding and Undermining Fake News From the Classroom Adam Rosenzweig1 Beyond 12 Fake News and the Post-Truth Era It’s too soon to know what will define Donald Trump’s presidency, but one of the defining characteristics of his campaign was a near-total disregard for facts. According to PolitiFact (“Donald Trump’s file,” n.d.), about 70% of Trump’s statements have been either mostly false, completely false, or outright lies. Candidate Trump wasn’t the only one dealing in dishonesty, but the ubiquity of falsehood surrounding his election contributed to the Oxford Dictionaries naming post-truth its 2016 Word of the Year. Fake news (Drobnic Holan, 2016) might be the most pernicious form of post-truth. PolitiFact called fake news its Lie of the Year, pointing out that fake news is “the boldest sign of a post-truth society” (para. 12) and that it “found a willing enabler in Trump” (para. 8). Americans should perceive this phenomenon as an existential threat to democracy. What truths remain self-evident if truth itself becomes counterfeit? A post- truth society has no moral center, no basis for conversation, no shared future. If the Trump era is to be the era of post-truth, then schools will have a particularly critical role to play in teaching students to favor reason and evidence over sentiment and preconception. More simply, we need to get better at teaching what Carl Sagan (1995) called “the fine art of baloney detection” (p. 201). Educators must also help students explore and deliberate on political issues. -
Detecting Group Beliefs Related to 2018'S Brazilian Elections in Tweets
Detecting Group Beliefs Related to 2018's Brazilian Elections in Tweets: A Combined Study on Modeling Topics and Sentiment Analysis Brenda Salenave Santana1[0000−0002−4853−5966] and Aline Aver Vanin2[0000−0002−9984−6043] 1 Institute of Informatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil [email protected] 2 Departament of Education and Humanities, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil [email protected] Abstract. 2018's Brazilian presidential elections highlighted the influ- ence of alternative media and social networks, such as Twitter. In this work, we perform an analysis covering politically motivated discourses related to the second round in Brazilian elections. In order to verify whether similar discourses reinforce group engagement to personal be- liefs, we collected a set of tweets related to political hashtags at that moment. To this end, we have used a combination of topic modeling approach with opinion mining techniques to analyze the motivated po- litical discourses. Using SentiLex-PT, a Portuguese sentiment lexicon, we extracted from the dataset the top 5 most frequent group of words related to opinions. Applying a bag-of-words model, the cosine similar- ity calculation was performed between each opinion and the observed groups. This study allowed us to observe an exacerbated use of passion- ate discourses in the digital political scenario as a form of appreciation and engagement to the groups which convey similar beliefs. Keywords: Brazilian elections · Sentiment analysis · Twitter · Dis- course engagement · Non-human interactions. 1 Introduction In 2016 the Oxford Dictionaries [19] chose post-truth as the word of the year. -
Insta Current Affairs
INSTA CURRENT AFFAIRS JUNE 2020 WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM WWW.INSIGHTSACTIVELEARN.COM www.insightsonindia.com 1 InsightsIAS Table of Contents GENERAL STUDIES – 1 ........................................................................................................................... 9 Topics: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Raja Parba festival of Odisha ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Talamaddale ................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Keeladi excavations .................................................................................................................................................... 10 Who was Chaolung Sukapha? .................................................................................................................................... 10 Topics: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. .......................................................................................................................................................