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Geodiversity Audit of Spireslack and Mainshill Wood Surface Coal Mines

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Geodiversity Audit of Spireslack and Mainshill Wood Surface Coal Mines Geodiversity Audit of Spireslack and Mainshill Wood Surface Coal Mines Geology and Landscape Scotland Programme Commercial Report CR/15/126 CR/15/126 Geodiversity Audit of Spireslack and Mainshill Wood SCMs BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Geology and Landscape Scotland Programme INTERNAL REPORT CR/15/126 Geodiversity Audit of Spireslack and Mainshill Wood Surface Coal Mines R Ellen and E Callaghan The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database rights Contributor/editor 2015. Ordnance Survey Licence No. 100021290 EUL. A G Leslie Keywords Spireslack Surface Coal Mine, Mainshill Wood Surface Coal Mine, Geodiversity, Carboniferous, Coal. Front cover Spireslack SCM main void (above) and Mainshill Wood SCM (below). © BGS/NERC Bibliographical reference ELLEN, R AND CALLAGHAN, E. 2015. Geodiversity Audit of Spireslack and Mainshill Wood Surface Coal Mines. British Geological Survey Commercial Report, CR/15/126. 70pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping. © NERC 2015. All rights reserved Edinburgh, Scotland British Geological Survey 2015 CR/15/126 Geodiversity Audit of Spireslack and Mainshill Wood SCMs BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS shops at British Geological Survey offices Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com BGS Central Enquiries Desk Tel 0115 936 3143 Fax 0115 936 3276 The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. email [email protected] We publish an annual catalogue of our maps and other publications; this catalogue is available online or from any of the Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham BGS shops. NG12 5GG Tel 0115 936 3241 Fax 0115 936 3488 The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of email [email protected] Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the surrounding continental shelf, as well as basic research projects. Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA It also undertakes programmes of technical aid in geology in Tel 0131 667 1000 Fax 0131 668 2683 developing countries. email [email protected] The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Tel 020 7589 4090 Fax 020 7584 8270 Tel 020 7942 5344/45 email [email protected] Columbus House, Greenmeadow Springs, Tongwynlais, Cardiff CF15 7NE Tel 029 2052 1962 Fax 029 2052 1963 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB Tel 01491 838800 Fax 01491 692345 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Department of Enterprise, Trade & Investment, Dundonald House, Upper Newtownards Road, Ballymiscaw, Belfast, BT4 3SB Tel 028 9038 8462 Fax 028 9038 8461 www.bgs.ac.uk/gsni/ Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1EU Tel 01793 411500 Fax 01793 411501 www.nerc.ac.uk Website www.bgs.ac.uk Shop online at www.geologyshop.com CR/15/126 Geodiversity Audit of Spireslack and Mainshill Wood SCMs Foreword The Spireslack and Mainshill Wood surface coal mines (SCM) in Scotland reveal spectacular exposures of Carboniferous strata on a scale not seen anywhere else in the United Kingdom. In order to recognise and protect the wide range of geological features across each mine, and to assess their status as National Assets, the Scottish Mines Restoration Trust (SMRT) commissioned the British Geological Survey (BGS) to audit and assess the geodiversity of each of these sites. This report, produced by the BGS, is a systematic inventory and evaluation of geodiversity sections and sites within Spireslack and Mainshill Wood SCMs. This audit has the potential to help inform future development and planning decisions of each site, in particular with respect to the protection of each site’s geodiversity. It also provides an information resource to support education, and management activities that promote the preservation of geodiversity sites and geological resources. Acknowledgements The authors wish to express their thanks to Robin Caldow and Kenny Ewart (both acting on behalf of SMRT) for access to the sites for field auditing, Mike Browne (Honorary Research Associate, BGS) for sharing his in-depth and insightful knowledge of the geology of the sites, and to Diarmad Campbell (BGS) for his advice and input to this report. Maps and diagrams have been prepared by the authors, except where stated. i CR/15/126 Geodiversity Audit of Spireslack and Mainshill Wood SCMs Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... i Contents .......................................................................................................................................... ii Summary ....................................................................................................................................... iv 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Aims and Objectives ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Structure of the Report ................................................................................................... 2 1.3 What is Geodiversity? .................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Why Conserve Geological Features ............................................................................... 2 2 Geological Background .......................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Geological Conservation Review and SSSI Sites........................................................... 9 3 Geodiversity Audit ............................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Spireslack Surface Coal Mine ...................................................................................... 10 3.2 Spireslack Audit Methodology ..................................................................................... 11 3.3 Spireslack Geodiversity Audit ...................................................................................... 11 3.4 Mainshill Wood Surface Coal Mine ............................................................................. 49 4 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................... 54 4.1 Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 54 4.2 Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 55 Appendix 1 ................................................................................................................................... 56 Glossary ........................................................................................................................................ 58 References .................................................................................................................................... 62 ii CR/15/126 Geodiversity Audit of Spireslack and Mainshill Wood SCMs FIGURES Figure 1: Generalised Carboniferous geology of the Midland Valley of Scotland. ...................................... 5 Figure 2: Stratigraphical framework for coal-bearing strata at Mainshill Wood and Spireslack SCMs. ...... 6 Figure 3: 1:50 000 scale geology map within the Spireslack SCM site area. ……………………………..7 Figure 4: 1:50 000 scale geology map within the Mainshill Wood SCM site area. ...................................... 8 Figure 5: Map showing locations of nearby SSSI and GCR sites in the areas neighbouring Spireslack and Mainshill Wood SCMs. .......................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 6: Aerial view of Spireslack SCM, showing locations of audited geodiversity sections within the mine. ..................................................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 7: Location map of the Glenbuck Ironworks Scheduled Ancient Monument site. .......................... 48 Figure 8: Bell-pits at southern edge of Spireslack SCM. View looking toward the south-west. ................ 48 Figure 9: The ruins of the Glenbuck Ironworks Furnace …………………………………………………48 Figure 10: Outline of Mainshill Wood SCM with extent of exposed face digitised
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